Photovoltaic black glaze as well as preparation method and application thereof

Abstract

The invention provides a photovoltaic black glaze as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The photovoltaic black glaze comprises the following components in parts by weight: 30 to 50 parts of glass powder, 20 to 40 parts of a coloring agent and 10 to 20 parts of varnish, and the coloring agent is a mixture of Cr2O3, Mn2O3 and CuO. A glaze surface formed by the photovoltaic black glaze has the characteristics of high impact resistance and high performance, the application range of glazed glass in a special environment can be expanded, the weather resistance is also improved while high color expression is ensured, and the photovoltaic black glaze has the characteristics of high appearance level, high power and high reliability. The invention also provides a preparation method and application of the photovoltaic black glaze.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular relates to a black glaze for photovoltaic use and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] With the development opportunities in the photovoltaic power generation industry, photovoltaic power generation technology is constantly expanding its application areas to meet the needs of diverse scenarios such as production and life. However, existing technologies still have some challenges in some aspects, especially in outdoor application scenarios, where light pollution problems are becoming increasingly prominent. In order to meet the needs of specific customers for dark colors and integrated aesthetics, all-black modules came into being. They include all-black cells, all-black frames, all-black backplanes, all-black busbars, and black glazed glass, etc., aiming to achieve a unified and elegant all-black visual effect.

[0003] This all-black module design ensures that light reflection is uniform when viewed from all angles. No matter how the installation angle changes, it can maintain a consistent black appearance, effectively avoiding the generation of glare. However, reflectivity, as an important performance indicator of the backplane, is directly related to its effect on the power gain of the module. Currently, photovoltaic backplanes on the market mainly have three color specifications: black, white and transparent. Although the black backplane is similar in appearance to the color of the cell, providing a unified appearance, the traditional black backplane packaging technology may cause problems such as rapid aging and heating, thereby affecting the overall efficiency. In addition, the traditional black photovoltaic backplane has a weak reflectivity for solar waves and has limited effect on the power generation gain of the module. When a black module uses a black backplane, its strong absorption characteristics in the visible light band and near-infrared band will lead to a decrease in the light absorption utilization rate of the crystalline silicon cell. At the same time, the light energy absorbed by the backplane is converted into heat energy, which will increase the temperature of the module, thereby significantly reducing the output power and power generation efficiency of the module.

[0004] In addition, the organic coating materials of general photovoltaic modules do not perform well in terms of adhesion, weather resistance, impact resistance, etc. Over time, these materials may experience problems such as color change, cracking and blistering, and cannot meet the needs of long-term continuous use in harsh environments such as deserts or at sea. Therefore, the development of backplane coating materials with better reflectivity, heat dissipation, UV resistance, salt spray resistance, high temperature and high humidity resistance, and aging resistance has become a technical problem that the photovoltaic industry needs to solve urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art. To this end, the present invention provides a black glaze for photovoltaics, the glaze surface formed by the glaze has the characteristics of high impact resistance and high performance, can expand the application scope of glazed glass in special environments, and while ensuring high color performance, the weather resistance is also improved, and it has the characteristics of high appearance, high power and high reliability.

[0006] The invention also provides a method for preparing the black glaze for photovoltaics.

[0007] The invention also provides a photovoltaic back panel.

[0008] The first aspect of the present invention provides a black glaze for photovoltaic use, which comprises, by weight:

[0009] Glass powder: 30-50 parts,

[0010] Colorant: 20-40 parts,

[0011] Varnish oil: 10-20 parts,

[0012] The colorant is Cr 2 O 3 , Mn 2 O 3 and CuO mixture.

[0013] One of the technical solutions of the present invention regarding the photovoltaic black glaze has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0014] Since black components use black backplanes, there is strong absorption in both the visible light band and the near-infrared band, which makes the output power of the component significantly reduced and the power generation efficiency decreases. It is necessary to prepare a high-weather-resistant and high-impact black glaze with high reflectivity in the long-wave infrared band to improve light utilization, effectively reduce spectral losses and reduce the operating temperature of the component, so as to improve power generation efficiency. The present invention combines glass powder, colorant and varnish to change the physical and chemical characteristics of the glaze, so that the expansion coefficient between the glass and the glaze is close, the stress between the glass and the glaze is reduced, and the impact resistance of the glass is improved, which can effectively improve the anti-PID performance and weather resistance of the photovoltaic component. The glaze formed by the photovoltaic black glaze of the present invention has the characteristics of high impact resistance and high performance, can expand the scope of application of glazed glass in special environments, and while ensuring high color performance, the weather resistance is also improved, and it has the characteristics of high appearance, high power and high reliability.

[0015] The photovoltaic black glaze of the present invention has uniform color and high blackness after chromaticity blending and dispersion treatment, and has no abnormal green, blue, and red phases under sunlight. It can be used for packaging conventional black components and BIPV components. After packaging, the components appear black, making the components and the building colors more coordinated and beautiful.

[0016] The photovoltaic black glaze of the present invention has good stability. After DH, PCT, UV, dry heat aging tests and outdoor actual measurement, the product has no abnormal cracking and bubbling in appearance and little change in blackness.

[0017] The photovoltaic black glaze of the present invention, when used for photovoltaic glass, can improve the reflectivity of the black photovoltaic backplane in the near-infrared band of light waves, improve the color retention rate, enhance the impact resistance and weather resistance, and is conducive to the development of a black photovoltaic backplane with better performance. It can not only meet the market demand for aesthetics and environmental protection, but also effectively improve the power generation efficiency and service life of photovoltaic modules, providing strong support for the sustainable development of photovoltaic power generation technology.

[0018] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the glass powder includes the following components in percentage by mass:

[0019] SiO 2 : 45%~65%;

[0020] Na 2 O: 2-5%;

[0021] B 2 O 3 : 10~20%;

[0022] ZnO 2 : 10~20%;

[0023] Bi 2 O 3 : 1~5%;

[0024] Al 2 O 3 :2~5%.

[0025] Glass powder is composed of cullet and additives. Cullet itself contains SiO 2 、Na 2 O、Al 2 O 3 , then add an appropriate amount of Na 2 O.B 2 O 3 、ZnO 2 , B 2 iO 3 After mixing, the mixture is melted and crushed to form a unique formula of glass powder. 2 O.B 2 O 3 、ZnO 2 , B 2 iO 3 Otherwise, the glass powder has poor solubility and coating properties for the colorant.

[0026] One of the functions of glass powder is as a solvent.

[0027] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the varnish comprises the following components by mass percentage:

[0028] Solvent: 80-90%;

[0029] Acrylic resin: 2-10%;

[0030] Dispersant: 0.1-5%;

[0031] Thickener: 0.1~5%.

[0032] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the solvent includes at least one of propylene glycol methyl ether, propylene glycol ethyl ether, ethylene glycol methyl ether, diethylene glycol butyl ether, propylene glycol methyl ether acetate, and ethylene glycol methyl ether acetate.

[0033] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the acrylic resin includes 50% trimethylolpropane triacrylate and 50% hydroxyethyl methacrylate.

[0034] Acrylic resin contains 50% trimethylolpropane triacrylate and 50% hydroxyethyl methacrylate, which has the following benefits:

[0035] Improve adhesion and durability: Trimethylolpropane triacrylate has good cross-linking properties, which can improve the hardness and adhesion of the resin, thereby enhancing the bonding between the black glaze for photovoltaics and the glass surface, making it less likely to fall off during long-term use and enhancing durability.

[0036] Improve weather resistance: Hydroxyethyl methacrylate has good UV resistance, which can effectively improve the weather resistance of glazes, reduce color fading and performance degradation caused by ultraviolet radiation, and extend the service life of the product.

[0037] Acrylic resin helps to adjust the viscosity. By using 50% trimethylolpropane triacrylate and 50% hydroxyethyl methacrylate, the fluidity and uniformity of the glaze can be improved, making the coating more uniform and avoiding problems such as uneven coating or local inconsistency.

[0038] The combination of the two acrylic resins enhances the toughness and impact resistance of the glaze to a certain extent, helps to improve the impact resistance of the black glaze, reduces cracks or breakage under external impact, and increases its durability against the external environment, especially during the use of photovoltaic modules.

[0039] Therefore, the combination of acrylic resins of the present invention can improve the comprehensive properties of the glaze, including adhesion, weather resistance, impact resistance and rheology, thereby enhancing the use effect of the black glaze for photovoltaics and the overall performance of photovoltaic modules.

[0040] According to some embodiments of the invention, the dispersant comprises polyethylene glycol 200 or polyethylene glycol 400.

[0041] According to some embodiments of the invention, the thickener comprises at least one of methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose or ethyl cellulose.

[0042] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the colorant, Cr 2 O 3 The content is 60-70%.

[0043] Chromium oxide has high chemical stability and weather resistance, and can maintain its color and properties during high-temperature firing. It has a certain effect of reducing firing temperature and improving melting performance, and significantly improves the hardness, wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the material.

[0044] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the colorant, Mn 2 O 3 The content is 20-30%.

[0045] As a modifier of the glass network structure, manganese can reduce the melting temperature and viscosity of the glaze, reduce energy consumption during firing, and improve the fluidity of the glaze. Increasing the surface tension of the glaze in the glass phase helps to improve the uniformity and smoothness of the glaze surface. Increasing the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze on the glass surface helps to improve the matching of the glaze and the ceramic substrate and reduce cracking and peeling caused by thermal expansion mismatch. It improves the mechanical strength of the glaze and microcrystalline glass, has good infrared radiation function, and is conducive to the overall melting of the melt.

[0046] According to some embodiments of the present invention, in the colorant, the content of CuO is 5-10% by mass.

[0047] Copper oxide can be used as a colorant in black glaze to provide a black hue. It also has a melting-promoting effect, which can improve the gloss of the glaze, improve the chemical stability of the glaze, and prevent the color from changing during the firing process.

[0048] Copper, chromium and manganese oxides can produce a synergistic effect when added to black glazes at the same time. This synergistic effect is manifested in their joint action to improve the glaze's tinting power, increase fluidity and weathering stability. If copper (Cu) oxide is not added, the glaze will lose some of its black hue and affect the chemical stability and high temperature resistance of the pigment. If chromium (Cr) oxide is not added, the black hue of the glaze will be weakened, and the chemical stability and high temperature resistance of the pigment will be reduced. If manganese (Mn) oxide is not added, the glaze's tinting power and color stability will be affected, and its high temperature resistance will be reduced.

[0049] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the fineness of the photovoltaic black glaze is ≤10 μm.

[0050] The fineness of black glaze is ≤10μm, which means that the particle size of the particles in the glaze is ≤10μm.

[0051] The second aspect of the present invention provides a method for preparing the photovoltaic black glaze of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the following steps: adding the glass powder and the colorant to the varnish in batches, stirring and mixing to obtain a semi-finished product, and grinding the semi-finished product.

[0052] A technical solution in the method for preparing black glaze for photovoltaic use of the present invention has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0053] The preparation method of the present invention does not require expensive equipment and complicated process control, has undemanding reaction conditions, has readily available raw materials, has low production costs, and is easy to industrialize.

[0054] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the method for preparing the black glaze for photovoltaic use may be:

[0055] 1. Raw material preparation: prepare flux, colorant and varnish oil according to the proportion;

[0056] 2. Preparation of varnish: Add the solvent, acrylic resin, dispersant and thickener into a stirring disperser according to the proportion, control the temperature and stirring speed, and stir thoroughly to prepare varnish;

[0057] 3. After pouring the varnish into the disperser, weigh the glass powder, pour part of the glass powder into the disperser, keep warm, then weigh the colorant, pour part of the colorant into the disperser, stir thoroughly, repeat pouring the glass powder and colorant in batches, and finally add the remaining glass powder, stir at high speed for 2 to 3 hours to obtain a semi-finished product sample;

[0058] 4. After fully stirring with a high-speed disperser until uniform, pour the semi-finished product sample into a three-roller mill for grinding until the fineness is less than 10μm to obtain the finished product. The finished product is tested by the fineness board and then put into the deep processing screen printing process for use.

[0059] A third aspect of the present invention provides a photovoltaic backplane, comprising photovoltaic glass, wherein a surface of the photovoltaic glass is provided with a glaze formed by the photovoltaic black glaze according to the first aspect of the present invention.

[0060] One of the technical solutions of the present invention regarding the photovoltaic backsheet has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0061] Higher reflectivity of near-infrared light waves: Since the black glaze of the present invention has a higher reflectivity in the long-wave infrared band, it can effectively reduce the heat energy absorbed by the photovoltaic module during operation, reduce the temperature rise of the module, and thus reduce the efficiency loss caused by excessive temperature. This helps to improve the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic module.

[0062] Improved light utilization and reduced spectral loss: By improving the reflectivity of the black backplane in the infrared band, the absorption of light and its conversion into heat energy can be reduced, optimizing spectral utilization and thus improving overall power generation performance.

[0063] Enhanced weather resistance and impact resistance: The glaze used on the surface of the photovoltaic backplane reduces the stress between the glass and the glaze by improving the expansion coefficient matching with the glass, thereby improving the impact resistance and weather resistance of the glass. This can enhance the durability of photovoltaic modules in harsh environments, especially improve the anti-PID (potential induced degradation) performance and extend the service life.

[0064] Resistance to UV rays, salt spray, and high temperature and humidity: The photovoltaic black glaze of the present invention has excellent resistance to UV rays, salt spray, and high temperature and humidity, which enables the back panel to be used stably for a long time in extreme environments such as oceans and deserts, solving the problems of color change, cracking, blistering, etc. that are prone to occur in traditional photovoltaic back panels in these environments.

[0065] High appearance and beauty: The glaze formula has been carefully adjusted to form a black surface with high blackness and avoid color deviation (such as green, blue, and red anomalies). This makes the photovoltaic modules more aesthetically pleasing in appearance and better coordinated with the architectural style, especially in BIPV (building integrated photovoltaic) applications, which enhances the visual effect of the overall building.

[0066] Good stability: The photovoltaic backsheet has passed rigorous tests (such as DH, PCT, UV, dry heat aging tests, etc.) and has performed well in actual use, ensuring the appearance stability after long-term use and avoiding the chromaticity changes and surface defects (such as cracking and blistering) of traditional coating materials.

[0067] Improved the overall performance of photovoltaic modules: Photovoltaic backplanes using this glaze can not only improve the power generation efficiency and service life of the modules, but also meet the market's multiple demands for aesthetics, environmental protection and high performance.

[0068] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the reflectivity of the glaze surface is ≤10%.

[0069] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the adhesion of the glaze is level 0-1.

[0070] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the pencil hardness grade of the glaze surface is between 4B and 5B.

[0071] According to some embodiments of the present invention, the glaze has no bubbling, cracking, powdering or falling off, the reflectivity attenuation rate in the weathering test is ≤0.8%, the 192H PID attenuation is ≤3%, and the impact resistance test, four-point bending, mechanical load, peel strength and other aspects are all qualified.

[0072] During the preparation of the photovoltaic backplane of the present invention, the prepared glaze can be printed onto the surface of the photovoltaic glass of the backplane through a silk screen scraper, and then cured, dried, and tempered and heated. The glass powder is melted at high temperature in the tempering stage and then wrapped around the surface of the Cu, Cr, and Mn oxide colorants to form a very smooth glaze surface, so that the inorganic glaze can be firmly sintered on the glass surface, thereby obtaining a highly impact-resistant and highly weather-resistant glazed glass for photovoltaics. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] The following will be combined with the embodiments to clearly and completely describe the concept of the present invention and the technical effects produced, so as to fully understand the purpose, characteristics and effects of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative work are all within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0074] In the description of the present invention, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "illustrative embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner.

[0075] Unless otherwise specified, "room temperature" in the present invention means 25°C±5°C.

[0076] Unless otherwise specified, "about" in the present invention means that the allowable error is within ±2%.

[0077] If the specific conditions are not specified in the examples, the experiments were carried out under conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. If the manufacturers of the reagents or instruments are not specified, they are all conventional products that can be purchased commercially.

[0078] Example 1

[0079] A black glaze for photovoltaic use, comprising the following components by weight:

[0080] Glass powder: 45 parts,

[0081] Colorant: 40 parts,

[0082] Varnish oil: 15 parts,

[0083] Among them, the colorant is Cr 2 O 3 , Mn 2 O 3 Mixture of Cr and CuO. 2 O 3 The content of Mn is 65%, 2 O 3 The content of Al is 25%, and the content of CuO is 10%.

[0084] In terms of mass percentage, the components of glass powder are:

[0085] SiO 2 : 60%;

[0086] Na 2 O: 5%;

[0087] B 2 O 3 : 15%;

[0088] ZnO 2 : 15%;

[0089] Bi 2 O 3 : 3%;

[0090] Al 2 O 3 : 2%.

[0091] The preparation method of glass powder is: 2 、Na 2 O、Al 2 O 3 After the cullet is melted, add B 2 O 3 、ZnO 2 , B 2 iO 3 After mixing, the mixture is melted and crushed to form glass powder.

[0092] In terms of mass percentage, the components of varnish are:

[0093] Solvent: 90%;

[0094] Acrylic resin: 9.8%;

[0095] Dispersant: 0.1%;

[0096] Thickener: 0.1%.

[0097] The solvent is propylene glycol methyl ether, the acrylic resin is 50% trimethylolpropane triacrylate and 50% hydroxyethyl methacrylate, the dispersant is polyethylene glycol 200, and the thickener is methyl cellulose.

[0098] The preparation method of the varnish is as follows: according to the proportion, a solvent, an acrylic resin, a dispersant and a thickener are added into a stirring disperser, the temperature is controlled at 25° C., the stirring speed is controlled at 100 r / min, and the varnish is stirred for 2-3 hours to obtain the varnish.

[0099] The preparation method of photovoltaic black glaze comprises the following steps: dividing glass powder and colorant into three equal parts, adding them into varnish in batches, stirring and mixing to obtain a semi-finished product, grinding the semi-finished product to obtain photovoltaic black glaze with a fineness of ≤10μm.

[0100] Comparative Example 1

[0101] The difference from Example 1 is that no Cr is added to the colorant. 2 O 3 .

[0102] Coloring agent is Mn 2 O 3 Mixture of Mn and CuO. 2 O 3 The content of Al is 25%, and the content of CuO is 10%.

[0103] Comparative Example 2

[0104] The difference from Example 1 is that no Mn is added to the colorant. 2 O 3 .

[0105] Colorant is Cr 2 O 3 Mixture of Cr and CuO. 2 O 3 The content of Al is 65%, and the content of CuO is 10%.

[0106] Comparative Example 3

[0107] The difference from Example 1 is that no CuO is added to the colorant.

[0108] Colorant is Cr 2 O 3 , Mn 2 O 3 In the colorant, Cr 2 O 3 The content of Mn is 65%, 2 O 3 The content is 25%.

[0109] Performance Testing

[0110] The glazes of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are printed onto the surface of the backplane photovoltaic glass by a silk screen scraper, and are subjected to curing, drying, tempering and heating treatment. The glass powder is melted at high temperature in the tempering stage and then wrapped around the surface of the colorant to form a very smooth glaze surface, so that the inorganic glaze can be firmly sintered on the glass surface, thereby obtaining a highly impact-resistant and weather-resistant glazed glass for photovoltaics.

[0111] At the same time, three commercially available glazes A, B and C were selected for comparison. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0112] Table 1

[0113]

[0114] In Table 1: NSS96 is a neutral salt spray test (96h), based on the standard GB / T 30984.1-2015.

[0115] HF10 is a wet and cold cycle test (10 cycles) based on the standard GB / T 30984.1-2015.

[0116] DH1000 is a high temperature and high humidity test (1000h), based on the standard GB / T 30984.1-2015.

[0117] UV60 is ultraviolet aging test (irradiance 60w / m 2 ), based on the standard GB / T 30984.1—2015.

[0118] PCT48 is an aging test (48h), based on the standard GB / T 30984.1-2015. After the test, the glaze layer is qualified if there is no obvious shedding, peeling or wrinkling.

[0119] It should be noted that, compared with Example 1 and Comparative Documents 1 to 3, changing the colorant formula has no obvious effect on the reflectivity, adhesion and weather resistance, only the chromaticity changes.

[0120] The core component of the colorant is a combination of three metal oxides, and a single component cannot form an ideal product.

[0121] Table 2 is a chromaticity comparison of Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3.

[0122] Table 2

[0123] Colorants L a b Example 1 <![CDATA[Cr 2 OR 3 +Mn 2 OR 3 +CuO]]> 26 0.1 -0.5 Comparative Example 1 <![CDATA[Mn 2 O 3 +CuO]]> 33 5 3 Comparative Example 2 <![CDATA[Cr 2 O 3 +CuO]]> 31 3 -4 Comparative Example 3 <![CDATA[Cr 2 ABOUT 3 +Mn 2 ABOUT 3 ]]> 34 -7 8

[0124] As can be seen from Table 2, the L value (brightness) of Example 1 is 26, indicating that its color is relatively dark and meets the requirements of black glaze, the a value is 0.1, indicating that the color is almost not reddish, that is, the color is close to neutral, and the b value is 0.5, indicating that the color is greenish, but the deviation is small and the color still maintains a black tone.

[0125] In general, the colorant combination (Cr 2 O 3 +Mn 2 O 3 +CuO) has lower brightness (suitable for black glaze) and smaller color deviation in chromaticity, and can produce a uniform and stable color performance close to black.

[0126] The chromaticity L value of Comparative Example 1 is 33, and the brightness is slightly higher than that of Example 1, indicating that the color is slightly brighter than that of Example 1, and is grayish. The a value is 5, indicating that the color is more obviously reddish, and the deviation is large, resulting in uneven color. The b value is 3, and the color is yellowish, further deviating from the demand for black. In general, the color performance of the colorant is poor and does not meet the standard of black glaze, especially in terms of color performance, there is a color cast.

[0127] The chromaticity L value of Comparative Example 2 is 31, and the brightness is higher than that of Example 1. The a value is 3, the color is reddish, and the deviation is large, resulting in unstable color tone. The b value is 4, which is biased towards green. Although there is a deviation, the green effect is relatively slight compared with Comparative Example 1. The color produced by the colorant of Comparative Example 2 is relatively biased in black tone, and there are certain color unevenness or color deviation problems, which does not meet the ideal performance of black glaze.

[0128] The L value of Comparative Example 3 is 34, the brightness is relatively high, the color is grayish, and the expected black effect is not achieved. The a value is 7, the color is greenish, and the deviation is large. This color deviation significantly does not meet the requirements of black glaze. The b value is 8, the color is yellowish, which further destroys the effect of ideal black. The colorant combined in Comparative Example 3 shows a large color deviation, especially the green and yellow tones, resulting in the color not meeting the standards of black glaze and poor effect.

[0129] Therefore, the colorant combination of Example 1 can obtain a relatively ideal black effect, with lower brightness, a value close to neutral (not reddish) and slight greenish (b value is 0.5) in chromaticity, and an overall stable black tone, which is suitable for black glaze for photovoltaics.

[0130] In addition, the colorant copper ion (Cu 2+ ) Pigments doped in glazes, by changing the Cu 2+ The doping amount of Cu was studied to study its effect on the pigment color and near-infrared reflection performance. The test results showed that compared with no addition of copper oxide, adding Cu2+ The pigment has a high near-infrared solar reflectivity in the wavelength range of 780 to 2500 nm, which indicates that the solar reflectivity of the pigment is optimized at a specific doping ratio.

[0131] Furthermore, pigments doped with different colorant components were prepared, and the effects on the color retention and weather resistance of the pigments were studied by changing the component ratios. The test results show that compared with other ratios, the color retention and weather resistance of the formula of the present invention are the best, and the Cu / Cr / Mn co-doping ratio and calcination temperature are the main factors affecting the color retention and weather resistance of black glazes. Appropriate amounts of Cu / Cr / Mn co-doping and appropriate calcination temperatures can improve the color rendering properties and chemical stability of black glazes, thereby improving their color retention and weather resistance.

[0132] Furthermore, pigments doped with different glass powder components were prepared, and their effects on impact resistance were studied by changing the proportion of the components. 2 and Na 2 O is the glass itself and is not shown, the rest is added B 2 O 3 To reduce the melting temperature, improve fluidity and chemical stability, ZnO adjusts the glass expansion coefficient, Bi 2 O 3 Lower melting point, improve impact strength, Al 2 O 3 Improve the hardness, adjust the thermal expansion coefficient, and coordinately adjust the glaze expansion coefficient to be consistent with the base glass. After tempering, it does not affect the stress distribution of the back glass, thereby improving the impact resistance.

[0133] In glass powder, B 2 O 3 The role of ZnO is to lower the melting temperature, improve fluidity and chemical stability, the role of ZnO is to adjust the glass expansion coefficient, 2 O 3 The function is to lower the melting point and improve the impact strength. 2 O 3 Its function is to increase hardness and adjust the coefficient of thermal expansion.

[0134] Furthermore, the cases where zinc oxide was not added to the glass powder were compared, and it was found that not adding zinc oxide would lead to a higher melting temperature of the glass powder, poor fluidity, decreased gloss and hardness of the glaze, inconsistent expansion coefficients of the glaze and the glass substrate, and decreased impact resistance.

[0135] Furthermore, the glass powder without adding bismuth oxide was compared, and it was found that the lack of bismuth oxide resulted in a higher softening temperature of the glass powder and decreased chemical stability and weather resistance of the glaze.

[0136] Furthermore, the glass powder without adding boron oxide was compared and it was found that 2 O 3 In glaze, it has an important influence on the network structure. 2 O 3 This results in a higher softening temperature, reduced fluidity, and a loose network structure of the finished product, which affects the thermal stability and mechanical properties of the glass.

[0137] Further, the glass powder without adding aluminum oxide was compared and it was found that 2 O 3 It will change the density of the network structure, which is not conducive to the density and stability of the network structure of the black glaze. 2 O 3 The addition of can promote BO 3 Transformation of triangle into BO 4 tetrahedron, and reduce the phase separation tendency of glass and inhibit crystallization.

[0138] The black glaze of the present invention can provide a higher reflectivity in the near-infrared band, which helps to improve the photoelectric conversion efficiency of photovoltaic modules. The formula components are optimized according to the spectral distribution of sunlight to improve the absorption and reflection efficiency of light of a specific wavelength, thereby further improving the performance of photovoltaic modules.

[0139] In addition, the black glaze of the present invention has better weather resistance and can maintain stable performance under extreme climatic conditions, which helps to extend the service life of photovoltaic modules.

[0140] Furthermore, compared with the prior art, the black glaze of the present invention exhibits higher impact resistance, which means that when facing natural disasters such as hail, sandstorms, etc., the photovoltaic modules can better maintain their integrity and reduce the risk of damage.

[0141] The black glaze using the fluorine-free colorant is more environmentally friendly, because fluoride may have an impact on the environment and human health. This environmentally friendly black glaze helps to reduce the negative impact of the photovoltaic industry on the environment.

[0142] Black glaze provides a consistent black appearance, which is an important advantage for PV module designs that require aesthetics and consistency.

[0143] The formula of the black glaze of the present invention is specially designed to ensure that no bubbling, cracking, powdering or shedding will occur during long-term use, which helps to maintain the appearance and performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0144] The black glaze of the present invention can be adjusted for different environmental conditions to ensure optimal performance in various climates and geographical conditions.

[0145] The present invention has been described in detail above in conjunction with the embodiments, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge scope of ordinary technicians in the relevant technical field without departing from the purpose of the present invention.

Claims

1. A black glaze for photovoltaics, characterized in that: By weight, the components include: Glass powder: 30-50 parts, Colorant: 20-40 parts, Varnish oil: 10-20 parts, The colorant is a mixture of Cr2O3, Mn2O3 and CuO.

2. The photovoltaic black glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glass powder comprises the following components in percentage by mass: SiO2: 45%~65%; Na2O: 2-5%; B2O3: 10-20%; ZnO2: 10-20%; Bi2O3: 1-5%; Al2O3: 2~5%.

3. The photovoltaic black glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the varnish comprises the following components: Solvent: 80-90%; Acrylic resin: 2-10%; Dispersant: 0.1-5%; Thickener: 0.1~5%.

4. The photovoltaic black glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the content of Cr2O3 in the colorant is 60-70%.

5. The photovoltaic black glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the content of Mn2O3 in the colorant is 20-30%.

6. The photovoltaic black glaze according to claim 1, characterized in that: In terms of mass percentage, the content of CuO in the colorant is 5-10%.

7. The photovoltaic black glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The fineness of the photovoltaic black glaze is ≤10 μm.

8. A method for preparing the photovoltaic black glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: adding the glass powder and the colorant into the varnish in batches, stirring and mixing to obtain a semi-finished product, and grinding the semi-finished product.

9. A photovoltaic backsheet, characterized in that: It comprises photovoltaic glass, the surface of which is provided with a glaze surface formed by the photovoltaic black glaze according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. The photovoltaic backsheet according to claim 9, characterized in that: The reflectivity of the glaze surface is ≤10%; and / or, the adhesion of the glaze surface is level 0-1; and / or, the pencil hardness level of the glaze surface is between 4B and 5B.

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