Quinoa-peanut intercropping high-yield special controlled-release fertilizer and fertilization method

Abstract

The invention provides a chenopodium quinoa-peanut intercropping high-yield special controlled-release fertilizer and a fertilization method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting. The special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping is composed of the inner layer, the middle layer and the outer layer, nutrients contained in each layer are designed according to the fertilizer requirement rule of quinoa and peanuts, and nutrient release is matched with the nutrient absorption rule of quinoa and peanuts by optimizing the monomer ratio and dosage of a coating material and matching with a specific fertilization mode. The special controlled-release fertilizer for the quinoa-peanut intercropping is high in fertilizer utilization rate and low in cost, after the fertilizer is applied as a base fertilizer, the quinoa does not need to be subjected to topdressing, the peanuts only need to be subjected to topdressing once, investment and labor cost of topdressing are saved, the yield increasing effect is good, and economic benefits are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, and in particular to a high-yield controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping and a fertilization method. Background Art

[0002] Quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.), also known as quinoa, South American quinoa, etc., is an annual dicotyledonous plant of the genus Chenopodium L. of the Amaranthaceae family. Quinoa is a gluten-free crop that can be used as both medicine and food. It is high in protein, amino acids, flavonoids, saponins and other elements. It is called the "golden grain" and is considered to be one of the crops that can ensure future global food security. It is also the only crop that can meet all human nutrition requirements with a single plant, and has extremely high nutritional and economic value.

[0003] Quinoa originated in the Andes Mountains in South America. It is mostly distributed in high-altitude cool areas. It grows in an altitude range of 0 to 4000m and has biological characteristics such as cold resistance, drought resistance, saline-alkali resistance, and barrenness resistance. Since 2008, quinoa has been planted on different scales in more than ten provinces (cities) in Northwest, North, Southwest and Northeast my country. As of 2020, the quinoa planting area in my country has exceeded 20,000 hm, and the planting area and total output have jumped to third in the world. However, there are currently few studies on quinoa cultivation in my country. The seed yield and biomass vary greatly in different regions, years and geographical conditions, mainly because the variety selection, crop matching, fertilization measures and other aspects of quinoa have not yet been perfected.

[0004] Quinoa and peanut strip intercropping is a new planting model that can not only meet the huge demand for peanuts, quinoa grains and straws in the rapid development of food and breeding industries, but also help to achieve "combining land consumption with land conservation, high starch with high oil and high protein, and planting with breeding", promote the green and circular development of agriculture, and is a very potential and efficient planting model. It can achieve peanut production without reducing production compared with pure peanuts, and increase quinoa income. However, due to the large differences in fertilizer requirements of quinoa and peanuts, and the large planting area, in order to ensure the yield of peanuts and facilitate mechanized operation, the type and quantity of fertilizer required by peanuts are generally used as the basis, combined with pre-sowing tillage as a base fertilizer for one-time application, resulting in large fertilizer waste, poor quinoa growth, reduced yield, low fertilizer utilization rate, and increased pollution. Irrational nutrient input causes soil nutrient imbalance, resulting in the input of fertilizers with little effect of increasing production, or even reducing production. If quinoa and peanuts are fertilized separately, they need to be top-dressed multiple times, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. In addition, traditional fertilizers used in peanut production are mostly quick-acting fertilizers with a short effective period, which are not suitable for the growth and development needs of peanuts under quinoa-peanut intercropping conditions. Peanuts also have a long growing period, with high temperatures and heavy rains during their growing season. A single application of ordinary fertilizers can easily lead to fertilizer deficiency and malnutrition in the later stages, which is not conducive to increasing intercropping yields and efficiency, limiting the development of quinoa-peanut intercropping, and it has not yet been promoted and applied. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a high-yield special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and a fertilization method, so as to solve the problem that fertilization needs to be applied separately and cumbersomely during quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned object of the invention, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0007] The present invention provides a controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping, which comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, and each layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0008] The outer layer comprises 20-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-9 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of adhesive and 5-8 parts of coating material;

[0009] The middle layer includes 0.1-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.25-0.35 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.4-0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.3 parts of manganese sulfate, and 0.15-0.25 parts of adhesive;

[0010] The inner layer comprises 40-50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-50 parts of urea, 40-50 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-13 parts of coating material and 15-20 parts of adhesive.

[0011] Preferably, the coating material is hyperbranched polyphosphoramide, and the adhesive is attapulgite powder.

[0012] Preferably, the hyperbranched polyphosphoramidate is prepared by polycondensation of phenylphosphonyl dichloride and trimethylolpropane, and the molar ratio of phenylphosphonyl dichloride to trimethylolpropane is 2 to 3:1.

[0013] The present invention provides a method for preparing the controlled-release fertilizer specifically for quinoa-peanut intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0014] S1.S1. After mixing the inner layer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, humic acid, attapulgite powder and water, spraying the hyperbranched polyamide to obtain a first premix;

[0015] S2. The first premix is ​​formed into granules;

[0016] S3. The middle layer of boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, attapulgite powder and water are mixed and wrapped on the outside of the granular material to obtain a second premix;

[0017] S4..Mix the urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, humic acid, attapulgite powder and water in the outer layer, wrap them on the outside of the second premix, dry them and spray the hyperbranched polyamide to obtain the product.

[0018] Preferably, the particle size of the granular material is 0.65-0.75 mm.

[0019] The present invention also provides a high-yield fertilization method for peanut-quinoa intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0020] S1. Divide the quinoa and peanut planting areas, with the quinoa planting areas and peanut planting areas arranged alternately, with the quinoa belt width of 130-150 cm, the peanut belt width of 150-170 cm, and a 40-50 cm interval between peanuts and quinoa;

[0021] S2. Plant quinoa by drill sowing in mid-March. Before planting quinoa, apply the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer in the quinoa planting area at a rate of 30-40 kg / mu;

[0022] S3. Sow peanuts in early May. Before planting peanuts, apply the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer in the peanut planting area at a rate of 40-50 kg / mu;

[0023] S4. Harvest quinoa in late June. After harvesting quinoa, apply 20-30 kg / mu of the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and 8-12 kg / mu of superphosphate in the peanut planting area.

[0024] Preferably, the row spacing of quinoa is 45 to 55 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 to 20 cm.

[0025] Preferably, the row spacing of the peanuts is 25 to 35 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 to 18 cm.

[0026] The present invention also provides application of the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping in quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0027] By adopting the above technical scheme, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer of the present invention is designed according to the fertilizer requirement law of quinoa and peanut, and by optimizing the monomer ratio and dosage of the coating material, and matching a specific fertilization method at the same time, the nutrient release is realized to be consistent with the nutrient absorption law of quinoa and peanut. The sustained-release period of the controlled-release fertilizer is 60 to 90 days. With the growth of field moisture, the sustained-release period of the controlled-release fertilizer is shortened. The controlled-release fertilizer can cover the entire growth period of quinoa, and the demand for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of peanut in the middle and late stages of growth is high. At this time, the water requirement of peanut and the field precipitation are both high. After the controlled-release fertilizer is applied to peanuts, it can be released in about 60 days to provide nutrients for peanuts. The fertilizer utilization rate of the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer of the present invention is high, and the cost is low. After being applied as base fertilizer, quinoa only needs to be top-dressed once, and peanut only needs to be top-dressed twice, which saves the input and labor cost of topdressing, has a good yield-increasing effect, and improves economic benefits. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of quinoa-peanut intercropping of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The present invention provides a controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping, which comprises an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, and each layer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight:

[0030] The outer layer comprises 20-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-9 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of adhesive and 5-8 parts of coating material;

[0031] The middle layer includes 0.1-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.25-0.35 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.4-0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.3 parts of manganese sulfate, and 0.15-0.25 parts of adhesive;

[0032] The inner layer comprises 40-50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-50 parts of urea, 40-50 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-13 parts of coating material and 15-20 parts of adhesive.

[0033] In the outer layer of the controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping of the present invention, the mass fraction of urea is further preferably 22-28 parts, more preferably 25 parts; the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is further preferably 12-14 parts, more preferably 13 parts; the mass fraction of calcium magnesium phosphate is further preferably 7-8 parts, more preferably 7.5 parts; the mass fraction of humic acid is further preferably 23-27 parts, more preferably 25 parts; the mass fraction of adhesive is further preferably 6-8 parts, more preferably 7 parts; the mass fraction of coating material is further preferably 6-7 parts, more preferably 6.5 parts;

[0034] In the middle layer of the controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping of the present invention, the mass fraction of boric acid is further preferably 0.13-0.18 parts, more preferably 0.15 parts; the mass fraction of magnesium sulfate is further preferably 0.27-0.32 parts, more preferably 0.3 parts; the mass fraction of zinc sulfate is further preferably 0.35-0.45 parts, more preferably 4 parts; the mass fraction of ammonium molybdate is further preferably 0.13-0.18 parts, more preferably 0.15 parts; the mass fraction of ferrous sulfate is further preferably 0.45-0.55 parts, more preferably 4 parts; manganese sulfate is further preferably 0.22-0.28 parts, more preferably 0.25 parts; the binder is further preferably 0.18-0.23 parts, more preferably 0.2 parts;

[0035] In the inner layer of the controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping of the present invention, the mass fraction of potassium dihydrogen phosphate is further preferably 42-47 parts, and more preferably 45 parts; the mass fraction of urea is further preferably 35-45 parts, and more preferably 40 parts; the mass fraction of potassium chloride is further preferably 42-47 parts, and more preferably 45 parts; the mass fraction of humic acid is further preferably 11-14 parts, and more preferably 12 parts; the mass fraction of coating material is further preferably 11-12 parts, and more preferably 11.5 parts; the mass fraction of adhesive is further preferably 16-19 parts, and more preferably 18 parts.

[0036] The coating material of the present invention is polyphosphoramide, which is prepared by polycondensation of phenylphosphonic acid dichloride and trimethylolpropane, wherein the molar ratio of phenylphosphonic acid dichloride to trimethylolpropane is 2-3:1, more preferably 2.2-2.8:1, and more preferably 2.5:1; the adhesive of the present invention is attapulgite powder.

[0037] The method for preparing the controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping of the present invention comprises the following steps:

[0038] S1. After mixing the inner layer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, humic acid, binder and water, spraying the hyperbranched polyamide to obtain a first premix;

[0039] S2. The middle layer of boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, a binder and water are mixed and wrapped around the outside of the first premix to obtain a second premix;

[0040] S3. After mixing the urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, humic acid, adhesive and water in the outer layer, wrapping the outer side of the second premix, and spraying the hyperbranched polyamide after drying to obtain.

[0041] The present invention firstly mixes potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, humic acid, adhesive and water in the inner layer to obtain a mixture; the amount of water added is 10-15% of the total mass of the raw materials, more preferably 12-14%, and more preferably 13%;

[0042] The mixture is dried to a water content of ≤8%, and the hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is melted and sprayed on the surface of the mixture to obtain a first premix;

[0043] The boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, adhesive and water in the middle layer are mixed, and then wrapped on the outside of the first premix to obtain a second premix; the wrapping is preferably carried out in a granulator; the urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, humic acid, adhesive and water in the outer layer are mixed, and then wrapped on the outside of the second premix to obtain a mixture; the amount of water added is 10-15% of the total mass of the raw materials, more preferably 12-14%, and more preferably 13%; the above mixture is dried to a moisture content of ≤8%, and the hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is melted and sprayed on the surface of the mixture to obtain the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled release fertilizer.

[0044] The present invention also provides a high-yield fertilization method for peanut-quinoa intercropping, comprising the following steps:

[0045] S1. Divide the quinoa and peanut planting areas, with the quinoa planting areas and peanut planting areas arranged alternately, with the quinoa belt width of 130-150 cm, the peanut belt width of 150-170 cm, and a 40-50 cm interval between peanuts and quinoa;

[0046] S2. Plant quinoa by drill sowing in mid-March. Before planting quinoa, apply the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer in the quinoa planting area at a rate of 30-40 kg / mu;

[0047] S3. Sow peanuts in early May. Before planting peanuts, apply the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer in the peanut planting area at a rate of 40-50 kg / mu;

[0048] S4. Harvest quinoa in late June. After harvesting quinoa, apply 20-30 kg / mu of the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and 8-12 kg / mu of superphosphate in the peanut planting area.

[0049] The intercropped crops used in the present invention are quinoa and peanuts, the quinoa strip width is 130-150 cm, more preferably 135-145 cm, more preferably 140 cm; the peanut strip width is 150-170 cm, more preferably 155-165 cm, more preferably 160 cm; there is a 40-50 cm interval between quinoa and peanuts.

[0050] One week before quinoa planting, the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer is applied to the quinoa planting area, the application amount is 30-40 kg / mu, more preferably 33-38 kg / mu, more preferably 35 kg / mu, shallow rotary tillage is performed after fertilization, quinoa is sown in mid-March, the row spacing of quinoa is 30-40 cm, more preferably 33-37 cm, more preferably 35 cm; the plant spacing of quinoa is 15-20 cm, more preferably 16-19 cm, more preferably 18 cm. Quinoa is harvested in late June.

[0051] One week before peanut planting, the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping is applied in the peanut planting area, and the application amount is 40-50kg / mu, more preferably 43-47kg / mu, and more preferably 45kg / mu; the row spacing of peanuts is 20-30cm, more preferably 22-28cm, and more preferably 25cm; the plant spacing of peanuts is 15-18cm, more preferably 16-17cm, and more preferably 16.5cm. After harvesting quinoa, the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and superphosphate are applied in the peanut planting area, and the application amount of the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping is 20-30kg / mu, more preferably 22-27kg / mu, and more preferably 25kg / mu; the application amount of superphosphate is 8-12kg / mu, more preferably 9-11kg / mu, and more preferably 10kg / mu.

[0052] The present invention also provides application of the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping in quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0053] The technical solutions provided by the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments, but they should not be construed as limiting the protection scope of the present invention.

[0054] Example 1

[0055] A controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping is prepared by the following method:

[0056] 40 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30 parts of urea, 40 parts of potassium chloride, 10 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of attapulgite powder and 13.5 parts of water are mixed to form 0.7 mm granules, which are dried to a water content of 6% and then put into a fluidized bed. 10 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphoramide are added to a melting tank, heated and melted, and sprayed onto the surface of the granules to obtain a first premix.

[0057] 0.1 part of boric acid, 0.25 part of magnesium sulfate, 0.3 part of zinc sulfate, 0.1 part of ammonium molybdate, 0.4 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of manganese sulfate, 0.15 part of attapulgite powder and 0.15 part of water were mixed and coated on the outside of the first premix to obtain a second premix.

[0058] 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 20 parts of humic acid, 5 parts of attapulgite powder and 6 parts of water are mixed, wrapped on the outside of the second premix, dried to a water content of 6%, and then put into a fluidized bed. 5 to 8 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphoramide are added to a melting tank and heated to melt, and the surface of the material in the fluidized bed is sprayed to obtain a controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0059] In this embodiment, the hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is prepared by melt polycondensation of phenylphosphonyl dichloride and trimethylolpropane, and the molar ratio of phenylphosphonyl dichloride to trimethylolpropane is 2:1.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] A controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping is prepared by the following method:

[0062] 45 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 40 parts of urea, 45 parts of potassium chloride, 12 parts of humic acid, 18 parts of attapulgite powder and 24 parts of water are mixed to form 0.7 mm granules, which are dried to a water content of 7% and then put into a fluidized bed. 12 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphoramide are added to a melting tank, heated and melted, and sprayed onto the surface of the granules to obtain a first premix.

[0063] 0.15 parts of boric acid, 0.3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.4 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.15 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.5 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.25 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.2 parts of attapulgite powder and 0.2 parts of water are mixed and coated on the outside of the first premix to obtain a second premix.

[0064] 25 parts of urea, 13 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 8 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 25 parts of humic acid, 8 parts of attapulgite powder and 12 parts of water are mixed, wrapped on the outside of the second premix, dried to a water content of 7%, and then put into a fluidized bed. 7 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphoramide are added to a melting tank and heated to melt, and the surface of the material in the fluidized bed is sprayed to obtain a controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0065] In this embodiment, the hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is prepared by melt polycondensation of phenylphosphonyl dichloride and trimethylolpropane, and the molar ratio of phenylphosphonyl dichloride to trimethylolpropane is 2.5:1.

[0066] Example 3

[0067] A controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping is prepared by the following method:

[0068] 50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 50 parts of urea, 50 parts of potassium chloride, 15 parts of humic acid, 20 parts of attapulgite powder and 37 parts of water are mixed to form 0.7 mm granules, which are dried to a water content of 6% and then put into a fluidized bed. 13 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphoramide are added to a melting tank, heated to melt, and sprayed onto the surface of the granules to obtain a first premix.

[0069] 0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.35 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.3 parts of manganese sulfate, 0.25 parts of attapulgite powder and 0.48 parts of water were mixed and coated on the outside of the first premix to obtain a second premix.

[0070] 30 parts of urea, 15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 9 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 30 parts of humic acid, 10 parts of attapulgite powder and 18 parts of water are mixed, wrapped on the outside of the second premix, dried to a water content of 6%, and then put into a fluidized bed. 8 parts of hyperbranched polyphosphoramide are added to a melting tank and heated to melt, and the surface of the material in the fluidized bed is sprayed to obtain a controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0071] In this embodiment, the hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is prepared by melt polycondensation of phenylphosphonyl dichloride and trimethylolpropane, and the molar ratio of phenylphosphonyl dichloride to trimethylolpropane is 3:1.

[0072] Comparative Example 1

[0073] Different from Example 1, no hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is added to the controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping.

[0074] Comparative Example 2

[0075] Different from Example 1, in the monomer raw material for preparing the hyperbranched polyphosphoramidate, the molar ratio of phenylphosphonyl dichloride to trimethylol is 5:1.

[0076] Comparative Example 3

[0077] Different from Example 1, attapulgite powder was not added.

[0078] Experimental Example 1

[0079] The experiment was conducted from March 10, 2022 to September 12, 2022 at the Yellow River Delta High-Efficiency Agriculture Demonstration Base of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Guangrao County, Dongying City, Shandong Province. The test varieties were "Huayu 25" peanuts and "Xingli No. 3" quinoa. The field was divided into 18 plots, each with an area of ​​33m×20m; the experiment was divided into 6 groups, and the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizers of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 were applied respectively. Each plot was repeated 3 times and arranged in random blocks.

[0080] In the experiment, quinoa and peanut intercropping were used for planting, with a total strip width of 350 cm, a quinoa strip width of 140 cm, a peanut strip width of 160 cm, and a 50 cm interval between peanuts and quinoa. One week before quinoa planting, the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer was applied to the quinoa planting area, with an application amount of 35 kg / mu. After fertilization, shallow rotary tillage was performed. Quinoa was sown on March 12, with a row spacing of 50 cm and a plant spacing of 18 cm. Quinoa was harvested on June 20.

[0081] One week before peanut planting, the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer was applied to the peanut planting area at an application amount of 45 kg / mu. After fertilization, shallow rotary tillage was performed. Peanuts were planted on May 3, with a row spacing of 30 cm and a plant spacing of 16 cm. After harvesting quinoa, 25 kg / mu of the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer and 10 kg / mu of superphosphate were applied to the peanut planting area, and peanuts were harvested on September 12. The 100-fruit weight and yield of each group of peanuts, as well as the 1,000-grain weight and per-mu yield of quinoa were counted during the harvest period of quinoa and peanuts, and the results are shown in Table 1.

[0082] Table 1 Experimental effects of each group of controlled release fertilizers

[0083]

[0084] As can be seen from Table 1, the controlled-release fertilizer specially used for quinoa-peanut intercropping of the present invention can simultaneously increase the hundred-fruit weight and yield of peanuts as well as the thousand-grain weight and yield of quinoa, has high fertilizer utilization rate, and saves costs. It not only achieves high yields of quinoa and peanuts, but also significantly improves the utilization efficiency of fertilizers, further gives play to the utilization rate of land resources by intercropping, and ensures the sustainable development of agriculture.

[0085] As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention provides a high-yield controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and a fertilization method. The controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping is combined with a specific fertilization method to simultaneously meet the nutrient requirements of quinoa and peanuts, saving the investment and labor costs of topdressing and improving economic benefits.

[0086] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping, characterized in that: It consists of an inner layer, a middle layer and an outer layer, each layer includes the following raw materials by weight: The outer layer comprises 20-30 parts of urea, 10-15 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 6-9 parts of calcium magnesium phosphate, 20-30 parts of humic acid, 5-10 parts of adhesive and 5-8 parts of coating material; The middle layer includes 0.1-0.2 parts of boric acid, 0.25-0.35 parts of magnesium sulfate, 0.3-0.5 parts of zinc sulfate, 0.1-0.2 parts of ammonium molybdate, 0.4-0.6 parts of ferrous sulfate, 0.2-0.3 parts of manganese sulfate, and 0.15-0.25 parts of adhesive; The inner layer comprises 40-50 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 30-50 parts of urea, 40-50 parts of potassium chloride, 10-15 parts of humic acid, 10-13 parts of coating material and 15-20 parts of adhesive.

2. The controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: It is characterized in that The coating material is hyperbranched polyphosphoramide, and the adhesive is attapulgite powder.

3. The controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 1, characterized in that: The hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is prepared by polycondensation of phenylphosphonyl dichloride and trimethylolpropane, and the molar ratio of phenylphosphonyl dichloride to trimethylolpropane is 2-3:

1.

4. The method for preparing the controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. After mixing the inner layer of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, urea, potassium chloride, humic acid, attapulgite powder and water, spraying the hyperbranched polyamide to obtain a first premix; S2. The first premix is ​​formed into granules; S3. The middle layer of boric acid, magnesium sulfate, zinc sulfate, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, manganese sulfate, attapulgite powder and water are mixed and wrapped on the outside of the granular material to obtain a second premix; S4..Mix the urea, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium magnesium phosphate, humic acid, attapulgite powder and water in the outer layer, wrap them on the outside of the second premix, dry them and spray the hyperbranched polyamide to obtain the product.

5. The preparation method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The particle size of the granular material is 0.65-0.75 mm.

6. A high-yield fertilization method for quinoa-peanut intercropping, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1. Divide the quinoa and peanut planting areas, with the quinoa planting areas and peanut planting areas arranged alternately, with the quinoa belt width of 130-150 cm, the peanut belt width of 150-170 cm, and a 40-50 cm interval between peanuts and quinoa; S2. Plant quinoa by drill sowing in mid-March. Before planting quinoa, apply the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer of claim 1 to the quinoa planting area at an application rate of 30-40 kg / mu; S3. Sow peanuts in early May. Before planting peanuts, apply the quinoa-peanut intercropping special controlled-release fertilizer described in claim 1 to the peanut planting area at an application rate of 40 to 50 kg / mu; S4. Harvest quinoa in late June. After harvesting quinoa, apply 20-30 kg / mu of the special controlled-release fertilizer for quinoa-peanut intercropping and 8-12 kg / mu of superphosphate in the peanut planting area.

7. The high-yield fertilization method for peanut-quinoa intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: The row spacing of the quinoa is 45-55 cm, and the plant spacing is 15-20 cm.

8. The high-yield fertilization method for peanut-quinoa intercropping according to claim 6, characterized in that: The row spacing of the peanuts is 25 to 35 cm, and the plant spacing is 15 to 18 cm.

9. Use of the controlled-release fertilizer specifically for quinoa-peanut intercropping according to claim 1 or 2 in quinoa-peanut intercropping.

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