Composite material for saline-alkali soil treatment and permanent saline-alkali soil treatment method

Abstract

The invention provides a permanent treatment method for saline-alkali soil. The permanent treatment method comprises the steps of building an anti-seepage ditch, laying an anti-seepage layer, building an ecological regulation island, backfilling soil, adding a saline-alkali soil treatment composite material, putting bacteria and algae adapting to saline-alkali soil into a water body of the ecological regulation island, and then culturing aquatic plants adapting to the saline-alkali soil. The saline-alkali soil treatment composite material is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 100 to 300 parts of porous fermentation fiber biofloc, 100 to 200 parts of nano amorphous porous material, 150 to 250 parts of natto moisturizing material, 5 to 10 parts of composite microbial material, 50 to 150 parts of composite ecological fertilizer and 400 to 600 parts of organic fertilizer. Through application of the soil composite improvement material, the soil structure is improved, soil organic carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutritional ingredients are improved, soil acidity and alkalinity and other physicochemical indexes are adjusted, the drought resistance, soil moisture conservation and fertilizer conservation capacities are enhanced, a soil micro-ecosystem is improved and established, and the four elements of soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat meet the crop planting requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of soil treatment, and in particular to a method for treating saline-alkali land and a composite material for treating saline-alkali land. Background Art

[0002] Saline-alkali soil is a type of soil widely distributed on the earth and is an important land resource. my country is rich in saline-alkali land resources, mainly distributed in the inland areas of Northeast China, North China, Northwest China and the coastal areas north of the Yangtze River. The salinization process is often accompanied by the desertification process, as well as food shortages and a series of environmental problems, which have prompted people to focus on the development and utilization of saline-alkali wasteland.

[0003] At present, saline-alkali soil generally has problems such as insufficient nutrients, poor water and fertilizer retention capacity, and high salt content, which makes it unsuitable for plant crop planting. Although water conservancy measures such as drainage and flushing are considered to be effective methods for treating saline-alkali land, on the one hand, it is necessary to flush the salt in the soil, and on the other hand, it is necessary to control the rise of groundwater levels so as not to cause soil salt return. This requires sufficient water sources and good drainage outlets to combine irrigation and drainage. Since the investment in establishing water conservancy measures is very expensive and the cost of maintenance is also high, and there is also the problem of dealing with salt-containing discharged water, its promotion and application in areas with scarce water resources is greatly limited. In recent years, scientists have studied saline-alkali land treatment solutions from different angles such as plant salt tolerance, irrigation with poor quality water, controlling soil moisture evaporation, and chemical improvement, but there are still various problems. For example, simply planting salt-tolerant plants or irrigating with poor quality water does not fundamentally solve the problem of soil salinization; controlling soil moisture evaporation can only inhibit the evaporation of moisture in the surface layer of the soil, indirectly reducing the salt content in the surface layer, and also does not treat and improve the deep soil. The chemical improvement method can control saline-alkali land to a certain extent by adding amendments to the soil to reduce soil salinity and pH, but it has little effect on improving the soil ecosystem.

[0004] Therefore, studying the methods of saline-alkali land management, improving soil structure and nutrients, regulating soil pH, and establishing a micro-ecological system, so as to fundamentally achieve saline-alkali land management, has very important research value and market prospects. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a composite material for the treatment of saline-alkali land and a permanent treatment method for saline-alkali land. Through the application of soil improvement materials, the soil structure is improved, the soil organic carbon and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are increased, the physical and chemical indicators such as soil pH are adjusted, the drought resistance and moisture retention and fertilizer retention capabilities are enhanced, and the soil micro-ecological system is improved and established, especially a micro-ecological system that can reduce salts such as carbonates, chlorides and sulfates, so that the four major elements of soil water, fertilizer, air and heat meet the needs of crop planting, thereby overcoming the above-mentioned defects of the prior art.

[0006] The present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:

[0007] The first aspect of the present invention is to provide a composite material for saline-alkali land treatment, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of porous fermented fiber bioflocs, 100-200 parts of nano-amorphous porous materials, 150-250 parts of natto moisturizing materials, 5-10 parts of composite microbial materials, 50-150 parts of composite ecological fertilizers, and 400-600 parts of organic fertilizers.

[0008] The porous fermented fiber biofloc is composed of porous fibers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, trace elements required by microorganisms, fermentation carbon sources, and beneficial bacteria including lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, desulfurization bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria, wherein the content of beneficial bacteria is not less than 100 million CFU / g.

[0009] The porous fibers include one or more fibers selected from straw, bran and peanut shells.

[0010] The trace elements required by the microecology include all or two or more of magnesium, calcium, strontium, silicon, sulfur, iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, etc., which are essential for microorganisms.

[0011] The carbon source is other carbon source substitutes such as brown sugar or glucose.

[0012] The specific preparation process of the porous fermented fiber bioflocs has been disclosed in the applicant's prior patent CN112794748A, a formula and preparation method for a crop straw biofermentation material, and is directly quoted here without further elaboration.

[0013] The nano amorphous porous material is at least one of amorphous nano porous silicon dioxide, ultrafine multilayer mica powder, monosilicic acid, and ultrafine porous diatomaceous earth, wherein the silicon content is 50-70%, the carbon content is 0.01-30%, the calcium content is 0-5%, the magnesium content is 0-2%, the iron content is 0-2%, the strontium content is 0-0.1%, the cobalt content is 0-0.1%, and the trace element coenzyme content is 12-18%.

[0014] The natto moisturizing material is made of sugarcane leaves, bagasse, pineapple shells, amino acids, brown sugar, etc., through fermentation with Bacillus natto, and is rich in biopolymer moisturizing materials γ-PGA, biological enzymes, Bacillus natto, etc.; and is weakly acidic (pH about 5). Preferably, the content of Bacillus natto is not less than 100 million CFU / g.

[0015] The composite microbial material is prepared by further adding 0.1-1 wt% of soil probiotics to the porous fermented fiber bioflocs. Preferably, the soil probiotics include at least one of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, lactic acid bacteria, actinomycetes, and photosynthetic bacteria.

[0016] The compound ecological fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 18-22% of amino acid, 60-70% of crude protein, 10-15% of nitrogen, and 2-5% of potassium. The sum of the percentages of the effective components is 100%.

[0017] The amino acids can be used in combination with various common amino acid types, preferably more than 10 amino acids are used in combination, more preferably more than 15 amino acids are used, and best is 18 amino acids.

[0018] The second aspect of the present invention is to provide a method for permanent treatment of saline-alkali land, comprising the following steps:

[0019] S1. Construction of anti-seepage ditch: Build an anti-seepage ditch outside the soil to be treated. The depth of the anti-seepage interface is 0.8-1.2 meters. A double-layer anti-seepage membrane is used to form a physical partition with the surrounding soil. The depth of the canal is 0.3-0.7 meters and the width is 0.3-0.7 meters. The anti-seepage membrane physical partition technology is used, and it also bears the function of water supply;

[0020] S2. Laying an anti-seepage layer: dig out 0.4-0.6 meters of soil layer on the surface, compact it with a roller, and then lay the anti-seepage layer material with a thickness of 0.4-0.7 cm. After curing, the anti-seepage layer material and the soil penetrate and blend with each other to form a 3-5 cm mixed anti-seepage layer, and then lay the filament geotextile to prevent plant roots from penetrating and damaging the anti-seepage layer;

[0021] S3. Construction of ecological regulation island: dig a reservoir in the middle of the soil to be treated or other convenient places for operation. The inner circle of the reservoir is a circular ditch, which is impermeable with an impermeable membrane. The middle soil layer is at the same height as the soil to be treated. The reservoir is connected to the canal through a pipeline, and the water inflow is regulated by controlling the gate valve;

[0022] S4, soil backfilling: the soil excavated in step S2 is mixed with water by a mixer truck, the seepage water is introduced into a reservoir, and after being fully mixed, it is backfilled into the original place where the anti-seepage layer has been laid, and compacted by a roller;

[0023] S5, adding the saline-alkali land treatment composite material: after deep plowing the upper 25-35 cm soil, use a rotary tiller to mix the saline-alkali land treatment composite material into it;

[0024] S6. Add bacteria and algae adapted to salt water into the water body of the ecological regulation island. After cultivating the bacterial and algal phases, cultivate aquatic plants adapted to salt water to take on the functions of regulating salinity, storing water for irrigation, draining water, and washing soil.

[0025] Preferably, the anti-seepage layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of the porous fermented fiber biofloc, 100-200 parts of the nano-amorphous porous material, and 1-5 parts of the ion exchange and salt-blocking composite material.

[0026] Preferably, the ion exchange and salt blocking composite material is at least one of amorphous nanoporous silica, ultrafine multilayer mica powder, monosilicic acid, and ultrafine porous diatomaceous earth.

[0027] Preferably, the water entering the reservoir is first desalinated to reduce the salt content to ensure the water needs of plant cultivation and animal drinking water.

[0028] The present invention improves soil structure, increases soil organic carbon and nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, adjusts soil physical and chemical indicators such as soil pH, enhances drought resistance, moisture retention and fertilizer retention capabilities, improves and establishes soil micro-ecological systems, especially micro-ecological systems that can reduce salts such as carbonates, chlorides and sulfates, so that the four major elements of soil water, fertilizer, air and heat meet the needs of crop planting. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0029] The following description is used to disclose the present invention so that those skilled in the art can implement the present invention. The preferred embodiments described below are only used as examples, but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can think of other obvious variations. The basic principles of the present invention defined in the following description can be applied to other embodiments, variations, improvements, equivalent solutions, and other technical solutions that do not deviate from the spirit and scope of the present invention.

[0030] The instruments or raw materials in the present invention that do not indicate the manufacturer are all conventional commercial instruments or raw materials. In the embodiments, the porous fermented fiber biofloc uses "Soil Ecological Restoration No. 3", the nano-amorphous porous material uses "Soil Ecological Restoration No. 4", the natto moisturizing material uses "Soil Ecological Restoration No. 5", the composite microbial material uses "Soil Ecological Restoration No. 6", the composite ecological fertilizer uses "Soil Ecological Restoration No. 7", and the ion exchange and salt-blocking composite material uses "Soil Ecological Restoration No. 8", all of which are products sold by Shanghai Taiyuan Biotechnology Co., Ltd.

[0031] Unless otherwise mentioned, the detection indicators involved in the embodiments of the present invention are detected by conventional detection methods in the art.

[0032] The present invention uses the applicant's proprietary chemical, physical, and biological new material composite technology to create two systems: one is a relatively independent environmental system after improvement, through anti-seepage treatment, soil improvement, leaching, biological new materials combined with nanomaterials improvement, drought resistance and moisture conservation function construction, micro-ecological structure construction, and long-term microbial technology for biological salt control; the other is a high-efficiency agricultural system that realizes circular ecological agriculture through sustainable development, through salt water desalination and drip irrigation, efficient planting and breeding, and ecological salt control, material processing and recycling while generating benefits. The above control measures are optimized and combined according to the project area planning, hydrogeological characteristics, local soil characteristics, etc., and targeted use of one or several technologies in combination for application.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] Haixi Prefecture’s 35-acre saline-alkali land management and comprehensive utilization project in 2024.

[0035] 1. Establish a relatively independent environmental system through the construction of anti-seepage ditches (anti-seepage interfaces) and anti-seepage layers.

[0036] 1) Anti-seepage ditch (anti-seepage interface): The anti-seepage depth is 1 meter, the water channel depth is 0.5 meters, the width is 0.5 meters, and the anti-seepage membrane physical isolation technology is adopted, while assuming the function of water supply; the anti-seepage interface depth is 1 meter, and a double-layer anti-seepage membrane is used to physically isolate it from the surrounding soil;

[0037] Tools, equipment, facilities and materials: small hook machine, 4-meter-wide 16-wire anti-seepage membrane, bricks, and concrete.

[0038] 2) Anti-seepage layer: At a depth of 0.5 / 0.4 meters, the soil layer is cleaned and compacted with a roller, and then covered with anti-seepage materials treated with chemical and physical techniques, including soil ecological restoration No. 8 (with water infiltration, ion exchange and salt barrier functions), soil ecological restoration No. 3 and soil ecological restoration No. 4, a mixture of 0.5 cm thick; in the later stage of maintenance, the above materials and soil will penetrate and blend with each other to form a 3-5 cm mixed anti-seepage layer (salt barrier), and then 300g filament geotextile will be laid on it to prevent plant roots from penetrating and destroying the anti-seepage layer.

[0039] Tools, equipment, facilities and materials: hook machine, roller, soil ecological restoration No. 3, 4 and 8, 300g filament geotextile.

[0040] 3) Construction of ecological regulation island: dig a reservoir of about 4 mu at a convenient place for operation (usually in the middle), with the inner circle of the reservoir being a circular ditch about 3 meters deep and 2 meters wide, and using an impermeable membrane to prevent seepage. The middle soil layer is level with the field height. The regulation island system is connected to the canal with a pipeline and a control gate valve (filled with external irrigation water at any time, which may have a certain salinity), and is connected to the restored land by a ditch, mainly for draining rainwater. The ecological regulation island is used to regulate soil carbonate and chloride indicators, and at the same time undertakes functions such as irrigation and rainwater storage;

[0041] Take about ten mu of soil from the reservoir as temporary topsoil stacking, leaching and mixing site; take 50 cm (Scheme 1#~6#) and 40 cm (Scheme 7#) of topsoil respectively and stack them at the work site. For Scheme 1#~6#, make an anti-seepage layer in the open space after soil cleaning, and for Scheme 7#, only lay filament geotextile;

[0042] 4) For every cubic meter of soil cleared from the ground, add 1 cubic meter of water and mix with a mixer truck for 10 minutes. Lead the seepage water to the brine pool. After mixing for 10 minutes, release it and transport it to the compacted ground and fill it back to the original place at a ratio of 60 / 60 / 50 cm; compact it with a roller.

[0043] 5) After deep plowing, use a rotary tiller to mix in soil ecological restoration ingredients 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and organic fertilizers into the upper 30 cm soil layer. This will supplement organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, mineral nutrients, etc. while improving soil structure (bulk density, pH, aggregate structure, etc.), increasing drought resistance and moisture retention, building soil microecological balance, and establishing a long-term microecological and ecological mechanism for utilizing salt and alkali.

[0044] 6) Bacteria and algae adapted to salt water are placed in the water body of the ecological regulation island, especially photoautotrophic and chemoautotrophic microorganisms. After the bacterial and algal phases are adjusted and cultivated, aquatic plants adapted to salt water are cultivated. While they are responsible for regulating the alkalinity and salinity of bicarbonate, they are used for water storage, irrigation, drainage, soil washing and other functions.

[0045] Tools, equipment, facilities and materials: hook machine, roller, dump mixer truck (1 unit), metering water pump, seawater desalination device, salt water pool and fresh water pool, soil ecological restoration No. 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and organic fertilizer.

[0046] Before planting, the upper soil should be tilled at least 3 times.

[0047] The selection and dosage of materials in each scheme in the above examples are shown in Table 1.

[0048] Table 1 Selection and dosage of soil ecological restoration materials and anti-seepage layer materials (dosage per mu / kg)

[0049]

[0050]

[0051] 2. Sustainable development realizes an efficient agricultural system of circular ecological agriculture

[0052] 1) To achieve high crop yields and diversified planting, the farmland area in the project area is planned as a whole, the terrain is organized and the fields are divided according to the terrain conditions, and infrastructure such as water conservancy, irrigation, drainage, roads and forest networks are supplemented. Through efficient planting, breeding and new biological material technologies, circular agriculture and low-cost new land management in the later stage are realized.

[0053] 2) Desalination and drip irrigation system: Establish water desalination equipment to ensure the water needs of plant cultivation and animal drinking water. The cost of desalination is no more than 3 yuan / ton. Establish a drip irrigation system for precise water replenishment. For every 400 kg of crops (fruits, stems, leaves, stalks and feed) with a water content of 50%, no more than 300 kg of water is used.

[0054] 3) Efficient planting: 30 mu of land is used to plant super reed bamboo, oats and quinoa. Super reed bamboo is resistant to salt and alkali, high temperature and severe cold, drought and waterlogging, and has high yield (high yield and high protein). It can be directly processed into green feed or fermented dry feed for winter use). It is estimated that the annual output of green reed bamboo per mu is 15 to 20 tons and the dry base material is 4 to 5 tons. 50% of the output is used as feed, and 50% of the output is used to make new biological materials and to make biological organic fertilizer with cattle and sheep manure. The total output value is expected to be 300,000 yuan (mainly the output value of new biological materials);

[0055] 4) Feed, new biological materials, and biological organic fertilizer processing, 1 mu. Use the stems and leaves of reed bamboo, oats, etc. to make green feed and fermented dry feed to feed highland cold-resistant cattle and sheep and other animals. Use super reed bamboo, oat stems and leaves, cattle and sheep manure, fish and shrimp manure, etc. to make new biological materials and biological organic fertilizers, which are recycled for saline-alkali land soil improvement and ecological organic planting needs.

[0056] Test results:

[0057] For each test scheme, samples were taken every 5-15 days to measure the moisture content (the moisture content in the sampled soil is the percentage of the sample mass / %), and the water loss rate was calculated for 25 days, 46 days and 60 days respectively. The specific test results are shown in Table 2.

[0058] Table 2 Water content and water loss rate test results of each test scheme

[0059]

[0060] From the above test data, it can be seen that the saline-alkali soil remediation materials and remediation technologies of the present invention can control the water loss rate within 20% in 25 days and the water loss rate within 30% in 60 days, and have excellent water retention capacity. The water loss rates of samples 3#-6# all exceeded 36%, with the highest reaching 63.4%, indicating that only by using soil ecological remediation materials No. 3-7 at the same time can the best treatment effect be achieved. It can be seen that there is a significant synergistic effect between soil ecological remediation materials No. 3-7. The product of the present invention can not only exert its maximum effect of water retention and storage, but also increase the fertility of the soil.

[0061] Example 2

[0062] The project to improve the quality of cultivated land (convert dry land to wet land) in Zhuang Village, Tuolu Town, Jiangzhou District, Chongzuo City.

[0063] The construction process of Scheme 1# of Example 1 was adopted to treat the cultivated land in the Zhuang Village area. The fertility level of the newly leveled yellow-brown soil was restored and improved in a relatively short period of time. The soil available nitrogen reached 30-40 mg / kg, the available phosphorus was 5-7 mg / kg, and the soil organic matter was about 7 mg / kg; the structure was improved, the porosity was increased, the bulk density was reduced, and it was convenient for farming; the number of effective microorganisms in the soil was increased, the activity was enhanced, the nutrient conversion and absorption were fast, which was beneficial to the growth of crops, and the crop yield was increased by a certain amount compared with before leveling.

[0064] It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the above embodiments are only examples and do not limit the present invention. The purpose of the present invention has been fully and effectively achieved. The functional and structural principles of the present invention have been demonstrated and explained in the embodiments, and the embodiments of the present invention may be deformed or modified in any way without departing from the principles.

Claims

1. A composite material for treating saline-alkali land, characterized in that: The invention comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-300 parts of porous fermented fiber bioflocs, 100-200 parts of nanometer amorphous porous materials, 150-250 parts of natto moisturizing materials, 5-10 parts of composite microbial materials, 50-150 parts of composite ecological fertilizers and 400-600 parts of organic fertilizers.

2. The composite material for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The porous fermented fiber biofloc is a biofloc composed of porous fibers, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, trace elements required by microorganisms, fermentation carbon sources, and beneficial bacteria including lactic acid bacteria, yeasts, actinomycetes, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus natto, desulfurization bacteria, and denitrifying bacteria; the porous fibers include one or more fibers from straw, bran, and peanut shells; the trace elements required by the microecology include all or two or more of magnesium, calcium, strontium, silicon, sulfur, iron, nickel, copper, cobalt, etc. that are essential to microorganisms; and the carbon source is other carbon source substitutes such as brown sugar or glucose.

3. The composite material for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The nano amorphous porous material is at least one of amorphous nano porous silicon dioxide, ultrafine multilayer mica powder, monosilicic acid, and ultrafine porous diatomaceous earth, wherein the silicon content is 50-70%, the carbon content is 0.01-30%, the calcium content is 0-5%, the magnesium content is 0-2%, the iron content is 0-2%, the strontium content is 0-0.1%, the cobalt content is 0-0.1%, and the trace element coenzyme content is 12-18%.

4. The composite material for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The natto moisturizing material is made from sugarcane leaves, bagasse, pineapple shells, amino acids, brown sugar and the like through fermentation with natto bacillus.

5. The composite material for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The composite microbial material is prepared by further adding 0.1-1 wt % of soil probiotics to the porous fermented fiber bioflocs.

6. The composite material for treating saline-alkali land according to claim 1, characterized in that: The compound ecological fertilizer comprises the following effective components in percentage by weight: 18-22% of amino acid, 60-70% of crude protein, 10-15% of nitrogen, and 2-5% of potassium. The sum of the percentages of the effective components is 100%.

7. A method for permanent treatment of saline-alkali land, characterized in that: Add the saline-alkali land treatment composite material according to any one of claims 1 to 6 to the soil to be treated.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that The steps include: S1. Construction of anti-seepage ditch: Build an anti-seepage ditch outside the soil to be treated. The depth of the anti-seepage interface is 0.8-1.2 meters. A double-layer anti-seepage membrane is used to form a physical partition with the surrounding soil. The depth of the canal is 0.3-0.7 meters and the width is 0.3-0.7 meters. The anti-seepage membrane physical partition technology is used, and it also bears the function of water supply; S2. Laying an anti-seepage layer: dig out 0.4-0.6 meters of soil layer on the surface, compact it with a roller, and then lay the anti-seepage layer material with a thickness of 0.4-0.7 cm. After curing, the anti-seepage layer material and the soil penetrate and blend with each other to form a 3-5 cm mixed anti-seepage layer, and then lay the filament geotextile to prevent plant roots from penetrating and damaging the anti-seepage layer; S3. Construction of ecological regulation island: dig a reservoir in the middle of the soil to be treated or other convenient places for operation. The inner circle of the reservoir is a circular ditch, which is impermeable with an impermeable membrane. The middle soil layer is at the same height as the soil to be treated. The reservoir is connected to the canal through a pipeline, and the water inflow is regulated by controlling the gate valve; S4, soil backfilling: the soil excavated in step S2 is mixed with water by a mixer truck, the seepage water is introduced into a reservoir, and after being fully mixed, it is backfilled into the original place where the anti-seepage layer has been laid, and compacted by a roller; S5. Adding the composite material for treating saline-alkali land: after deep plowing the upper 25-35 cm soil, use a rotary tiller to mix the composite material for treating saline-alkali land according to any one of claims 1 to 6; S6. Add bacteria and algae adapted to salt water into the water body of the ecological regulation island. After cultivating the bacterial and algal phases, cultivate aquatic plants adapted to salt water to take on the functions of regulating salinity, storing water for irrigation, draining water, and washing soil.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that The anti-seepage layer material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 100-200 parts of the porous fermented fiber bioflocs, 100-200 parts of the nano-amorphous porous material, and 1-5 parts of ion exchange and salt-blocking composite material.

10. The method according to claim 9, characterized in that The ion exchange and salt blocking composite material is at least one of amorphous nanoporous silica, ultrafine multilayer mica powder, monosilicic acid, and ultrafine porous diatomaceous earth.

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