A non-ionic surfactant and a cleaning agent

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of cleaning agents, and particularly relates to a non-ionic surfactant, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: including 20-80 wt% of component A and 20-80 wt% of component B; component A includes 5-16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15-65 parts of glycidyl versatate, 21-35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 8-21 parts of catalyst, 5-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-17 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 3-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; component B includes 12-45 parts of sorbitol and 31-62 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid. The prepared non-ionic surfactant has the performance of being green and environment-friendly. At the same time, the cleaning agent prepared by using the non-ionic surfactant has good surface activity and has good stability, temperature resistance and salt tolerance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of cleaning agents, and particularly to a non-ionic surfactant and a cleaning agent. Background Art

[0002] Surfactants are widely used and have penetrated into various civilian and industrial fields. Among them, non-ionic surfactants do not ionize in water and are amphiphilic structural molecules with hydroxyl or ether bonds as hydrophilic groups. Due to the characteristic that non-ionic surfactants do not ionize in water, non-ionic surfactants are superior to ionic surfactants in some aspects. For example, they have good solubility in water and organic solvents, high stability in solutions, and are not easily affected by strong electrolyte inorganic salts, acids, and alkalis. Since it has good compatibility with other types of surfactants, it can often be used in good mixing and compounding. Non-ionic surfactants have good hard water resistance and low foaming properties and are suitable as special cleaning agents.

[0003] The invention patent with the publication number CN111635329B discloses a non-ionic surfactant and a cleaning agent. The non-ionic surfactant provided therein contains ether and ester structures, can be miscible with oil stains by the principle of similar solubility, belongs to a non-ionic surfactant that is not strongly alkaline, and has little corrosion to metal kitchen utensils and other items. The provided cleaning agent contains the above non-ionic surfactant. Through the compounding with an anionic surfactant and baking soda, it does not contain strong alkali. Under the synergistic effect of each component, it not only has an excellent oil stain emulsification and penetration effect, but also has corrosion inhibition properties. When cleaning an item, an adsorption film will be formed on the surface of the item, and the hydrophobic group is used to prevent water, solution oxygen, etc. from diffusing to the metal surface, achieving the effect of inhibiting the corrosion reaction; and the cleaning agent has good safety and is non-toxic and harmless, and is very suitable for cleaning heavy oil stain places such as kitchens.

[0004] However, in the prior art, the biodegradability of non-ionic surfactants is poor, and even toxic metabolites are produced: the biodegradation rate of alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ether (APEO) is only 4% - 80%, and the alkylphenol substances generated after degradation have endocrine disrupting properties; the longer the length of the polyoxyethylene chain, the slower the degradation rate (significantly decreasing when the degree of polymerization > 10), which may cause environmental residues. The synthesis of polyoxyethylene type requires high control of process conditions (such as temperature, catalyst), increasing the production cost. The synthesis of polyol esters (such as sorbitan esters, sucrose esters) requires precise adjustment of the esterification ratio of hydroxyl groups and fatty acids, and the process complexity is relatively high. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention provides a non-ionic surfactant and a cleaning agent. The prepared non-ionic surfactant has green and environmental protection properties, and the prepared cleaning agent has good surface activity and has good stability, heat resistance and salt tolerance.

[0006] The present invention provides a non-ionic surfactant, which is composed of the following components in parts by weight: including 20-80 wt% of component A and 20-80 wt% of component B;

[0007] Component A includes 5-16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15-65 parts of glycidyl versatate, 21-35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 8-21 parts of catalyst, 5-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-17 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 3-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid;

[0008] Component B includes 12-45 parts of sorbitol and 31-62 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0009] Preferably, component A includes 10-15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 22-58 parts of glycidyl versatate, 25-32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 15-21 parts of catalyst, 8-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 4-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid;

[0010] Component B includes 15-40 parts of sorbitol and 35-60 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0011] Preferably, component A includes 12-15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 7-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 35-58 parts of glycidyl versatate, 28-32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 18-21 parts of catalyst, 8-10 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 11-15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 6-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid;

[0012] Component B includes 22-40 parts of sorbitol and 48-60 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0013] Preferably, component A includes 15 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 45 parts of glycidyl versatate, 30 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 18 parts of catalyst, 11 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 10 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid;

[0014] Component B includes 35 parts of sorbitol and 52 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid.

[0015] Preferably, a compound nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B or by alkoxylation synthesis after combining component A and component B initiators.

[0016] Preferably, the catalyst is one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, heteropolyacid, tricyclohexylphosphine, bidentate phosphine, sulfonated phosphine, and triphenylphosphine.

[0017] Preferably, the preparation method of component B is as follows: sorbitol and fatty acid are blended, and under the conditions of an acidic or basic catalyst and at 150 - 230 °C, dehydration to form an ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously to obtain component B.

[0018] The present invention also provides a cleaner, and the above nonionic surfactant is used in the preparation of the cleaner.

[0019] Preferably, by mass percentage, it consists of the following components: 5 - 20% of the nonionic surfactant, 2 - 8% of the anionic surfactant, 1 - 3.5% of the green chelating agent, 0.1 - 1% of the acid-base regulator, 0.1 - 1% of the bioenzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0020] Preferably, the anionic surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, alkyl sulfonate, fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, phosphoric acid monoester, and N-acyl glutamate.

[0021] Preferably, the green chelating agent is one or more of tetrasodium glutamate diacetate, trisodium alanine diacetate, tetrasodium aspartate diacetate, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate, and polyaspartic acid.

[0022] Preferably, the acid-base regulator includes at least one of ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide.

[0023] In summary, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] 1. Both component A and component B are nonionic surfactants, and they are both surfactants that do not ionize in aqueous solution. Their hydrophilic groups are mainly composed of oxygen-containing groups (such as ether groups, hydroxyl groups), and the hydrophobic groups are derived from high-carbon fatty alcohols, alkylphenols, fatty acids, etc. They can be compounded with anionic / cationic surfactants and are suitable for complex formulations. They perform well in both water and organic solvents, but their solubility decreases with increasing temperature. They have good surface activity performance, good stability, heat resistance, and salt tolerance.

[0025] 2. In the cleaning agent, due to the changes in the physicochemical properties of the mixed system of hyperbranched polyester and sorbitan fatty acid ester in the non-ionic surfactant, the cleaning agent has good stability, which is mainly reflected in aspects such as molecular weight distribution, fluidity, emulsifying ability, and interfacial stability. The green chelating agent can also act synergistically with the biological enzyme preparation to improve the ability of the cleaning agent to remove stubborn stains.

[0026] 3. The non-ionic surfactant prepared by the present invention has green and environmental protection properties, and the prepared cleaning agent has good surface activity performance, and has good stability, temperature resistance and salt tolerance. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be particularly noted that: for those not specifying specific conditions in the following embodiments, they are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. Except for special instructions, the raw materials used in the following embodiments can all be obtained from ordinary commercial sources.

[0028] Embodiment 1

[0029] A cleaning agent, by mass percentage, consists of the following components: 5% of non-ionic surfactant, 2% of anionic surfactant, 1% of green chelating agent, 0.1% of acid-base regulator, 0.1% of biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0030] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecyl sulfate; the green chelating agent is tetrasodium glutamate diacetate; the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0031] The non-ionic surfactant in this embodiment consists of the following components by weight: including 20 wt% of component A and 80 wt% of component B; among them, component A includes 5 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15 parts of glycidyl versatate, 21 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 8 parts of catalyst, 5 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 3 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 12 parts of sorbitol and 31 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0032] The preparation method of this component B is: blend sorbitol and fatty acid, and under the conditions of an acidic or alkaline catalyst and at 150 °C, dehydration to form ether and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously to obtain component B.

[0033] A compound non-ionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0034] Embodiment 2

[0035] A cleaning agent, by mass percentage, consists of the following components: 10% non-ionic surfactant, 5% anionic surfactant, 2% green chelating agent, 0.5% acid-base regulator, 0.5% biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0036] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfate; the green chelating agent is trisodium alaninediacetate; the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0037] The non-ionic surfactant in this example consists of the following components by weight: including 30wt% component A and 70wt% component B; among them, component A includes 8 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5 parts of trimethylolpropane, 21 parts of glycidyl versatate, 25 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 14 parts of catalyst, 8 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 12 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 5 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 24 parts of sorbitol and 36 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is palmitic acid.

[0038] The preparation method of this component B is: blend sorbitol and fatty acid, and under the condition of acidic or alkaline catalyst and at 180°C, the dehydration to form ether and the esterification of acid and alcohol are carried out simultaneously to obtain component B.

[0039] The compound non-ionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0040] Example 3

[0041] A cleaning agent, by mass percentage, consists of the following components: 12% non-ionic surfactant, 4% anionic surfactant, 1.8% green chelating agent, 0.3% acid-base regulator, 0.5% biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0042] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium dodecylbenzenesulfate; the green chelating agent is trisodium alaninediacetate; the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide; the biological enzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0043] The non-ionic surfactant in this example consists of the following components by weight: including 40wt% component A and 60wt% component B; among them, component A includes 12 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 5 parts of trimethylolpropane, 32 parts of glycidyl versatate, 28 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 16 parts of catalyst, 8 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, 5 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 27 parts of sorbitol and 48 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0044] The preparation method of Component B is as follows: Sorbitol and fatty acid are blended, and under the conditions of an acidic or basic catalyst and at 200 °C, dehydration to form an ether and esterification of acid and alcohol proceed simultaneously to obtain Component B.

[0045] The compound nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding Component A and Component B.

[0046] Example 4

[0047] A cleaner, by mass percentage, consists of the following components: 15% nonionic surfactant, 5% anionic surfactant, 2.8% green chelating agent, 0.6% acid-base regulator, 0.8% bioenzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0048] Among them, the anionic surfactant is sodium lauryl sulfate. The green chelating agent is tetrasodium aspartic acid diacetate. The acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide. The bioenzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0049] The nonionic surfactant in this example consists of the following components by weight: including 60 wt% Component A and 40 wt% Component B; among them, Component A includes 12 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 8 parts of trimethylolpropane, 22 parts of glycidyl versatate, 32 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 18 parts of catalyst, 8 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 14 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 6 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 36 parts of sorbitol and 54 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is stearic acid.

[0050] The preparation method of Component B is as follows: Sorbitol and fatty acid are blended, and under the conditions of an acidic or basic catalyst and at 210 °C, dehydration to form an ether and esterification of acid and alcohol proceed simultaneously to obtain Component B.

[0051] The compound nonionic surfactant is obtained by compounding Component A and Component B.

[0052] Example 5

[0053] A cleaner, by mass percentage, consists of the following components: 20% nonionic surfactant, 8% anionic surfactant, 3.5% green chelating agent, 1% acid-base regulator, 1% bioenzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

[0054] Among them, the anionic surfactant is N-acyl glutamate; the green chelating agent is tetrasodium iminodisuccinate; the acid-base regulator includes ammonia water, potassium hydroxide, and sodium hydroxide; the bioenzyme preparation is alkaline protease.

[0055] The non-ionic surfactant in this embodiment is composed of the following components by weight: including 70 wt% of component A and 30 wt% of component B; among them, component A includes 16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2 parts of trimethylolpropane, 60 parts of glycidyl versatate, 35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 21 parts of catalyst, 12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 5 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid; the catalyst is p-toluenesulfonic acid. Component B includes 42 parts of sorbitol and 60 parts of fatty acid, and the fatty acid is lauric acid.

[0056] The preparation method of component B is as follows: Blend sorbitol and fatty acid, and under the conditions of an acidic or basic catalyst and at 230 °C, the dehydration to form ether and the esterification of acid and alcohol are carried out simultaneously to obtain component B.

[0057] A compound non-ionic surfactant is obtained by compounding component A and component B.

[0058] The principles of the above Examples 1 to 5 are as follows:

[0059] Based on three industrial raw materials of trimellitic anhydride, trimethylolpropane, and glycidyl versatate, component A hyperbranched polyester was synthesized; the hyperbranched polyester non-ionic surfactant is an amphiphilic molecule with a hyperbranched polyester as the core skeleton and combined with hydrophobic groups (such as alkyl chains or aromatic structures). Its core hyperbranched polyester is usually based on poly(2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid) (bis-MPA) as a monomer, formed by a highly branched three-dimensional structure, and has a large number of end functional groups (such as hydroxyl groups, carboxyl groups). By introducing different functional monomers and water-based groups, these end groups can be chemically modified to graft hydrophobic chain segments (such as acyl chlorides, styrene, etc.) to form a non-ionic surfactant with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties.

[0060] Component B is sorbitan fatty acid ester, which is a polyol partial esterification type non-ionic surfactant. The unreacted hydroxyl groups on sorbitol are used as hydrophilic groups, and the alkyl long-chain fatty acid is used as the hydrophobic group. According to the types and quantities of alkyl long-chain fatty acids, sorbitan fatty acid esters are formed. The key reactions for synthesizing sorbitan fatty acid esters from sorbitol and fatty acids are dehydration to form ether and the esterification of acid and alcohol. Among them, dehydration to form ether is the self-dehydration of sorbitol, and internal etherification forms a cyclic compound to synthesize sorbitan; acid-alcohol esterification is the esterification of fatty acids with sorbitol or sorbitan to synthesize monoester, diester, triester, or polyester products.

[0061] Sorbitan fatty acid esters, as a kind of non-ionic surfactant, the lipophilic group and hydrophilic group contained in its molecular structure can make the whole have good interfacial activity at the oil-water interface; and the structural characteristics of hyperbranched polyester can make the whole have good compatibility with sorbitan fatty acid esters in chemical and physical properties. Hyperbranched polyester and sorbitan fatty acid esters can be mixed and interact with each other to form a mixture. When hyperbranched polyester is mixed with sorbitan fatty acid esters, the two interact with each other through van der Waals forces, changing the molecular weight distribution and fluidity of the system. The addition of hyperbranched polyester can enhance the stability and emulsifying performance of sorbitan fatty acid esters, thereby improving the overall performance. In addition, the HLB value of the mixture will change due to different component ratios, thus affecting the emulsifying ability and interfacial stability.

[0062] The raw materials of green chelating agents mainly come from renewable resources, such as plant extracts and biomass waste. This not only conforms to the concept of sustainable development but also effectively reduces production costs. First, green chelating agents are made from renewable resources, and their production process is more environmentally friendly. Second, green chelating agents have good biodegradability and can be quickly degraded by the environment after use, reducing the pollution impact on the ecosystem. In addition, green chelating agents are comparable to traditional chelating agents in terms of detergency and stability, and even perform more prominently in some applications.

[0063] Comparative Example 1

[0064] Prepared according to the same preparation method as in Example 1, except that no non-ionic surfactant is added.

[0065] Comparative Example 2

[0066] Prepared according to the same preparation method as in Example 1, except that component B is not added to the non-ionic surfactant.

[0067] Performance Test

[0068] 1. Surface tension comparison test: The surface tension of the detergents of Examples 1 - 5 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 was tested by an automatic surface tension tester. The test results are shown in Table 1.

[0069] 2. Oil washing ability test: The oil field formation sand was washed, ground, and sieved for standby. It was mixed evenly with the target crude oil according to the residual oil saturation and aged at the reservoir temperature for 7 days. Then, 5 grams of the above-aged oil sand was taken and added to the detergent solutions prepared from Examples 1 - 5 and Comparative Examples 1 - 2 at 0.5% according to the ratio of oil sand:solution = 1:10 and mixed evenly. After standing at the reservoir temperature for 72 hours, the oil sand was separated from the oil-containing detergent solution, and the remaining oil in the oil sand was measured by thermogravimetry and the oil washing ability was calculated. The results are shown in Table 1.

[0070] Table 1 Performance test results

[0071]

[0072] As shown in Table 1, the detergent prepared in Example 5 has good surface tension and a high oil removal rate. This shows that the changes in the physical and chemical properties of the detergent of the present invention are mainly reflected in the molecular weight distribution, fluidity, emulsification ability and interface stability, so that the detergent has good stability. The green chelating agent can work synergistically with the biological enzyme preparation to improve the detergent's ability to remove stubborn stains.

[0073] The above is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A nonionic surfactant, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 20-80 wt % of component A and 20-80 wt % of component B; Component A comprises 5-16 parts of trimellitic anhydride, 2-10 parts of trimethylolpropane, 15-65 parts of tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate, 21-35 parts of N,N-dimethylacetamide, 4-21 parts of catalyst, 5-12 parts of isophorone diisocyanate, 8-17 parts of polyethylene glycol 600, and 3-8 parts of 2,2-dimethylolpropionic acid. On the basis of trimellitic anhydride, trimethylolpropane and tert-butyl glycidyl carbonate raw materials, a hyperbranched polyester of component A is synthesized; The preparation method of component B is as follows: 12-45 parts of sorbitol and 31-62 parts of fatty acid are mixed, and dehydration to etherification and acid-alcohol esterification are carried out simultaneously under acidic or alkaline catalyst conditions and at 150-230° C. to obtain component B; the fatty acid is one or more of lauric acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid and oleic acid; The catalyst in the component A is one or more of p-toluenesulfonic acid, methanesulfonic acid, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, heteropolyacid, tricyclohexylphosphine, bidentate phosphine, sulfonated phosphine and triphenylphosphine.

2. A cleaning agent, characterized in that The cleaning agent uses the nonionic surfactant described in claim 1 in its preparation.

3. The cleaning agent according to claim 2, characterized in that The invention is composed of the following components by mass percentage: 5-20% of the nonionic surfactant, 2-8% of the anionic surfactant, 1-3.5% of the green chelating agent, 0.1-1% of the acid-base regulator, 0.1-1% of the biological enzyme preparation, and the balance is deionized water.

4. The cleaning agent according to claim 3, characterized in that The anionic surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate, sodium alkyl sulfonate, sodium fatty alcohol sulfate, sodium lauryl sulfate, phosphoric acid monoester and N-acyl glutamate.

5. The cleaning agent according to claim 3, characterized in that The green chelating agent is one or more of tetrasodium glutamate diacetate, trisodium alanine diacetate, tetrasodium aspartate diacetate, tetrasodium iminodisuccinate and polyaspartic acid.

6. The cleaning agent according to claim 3, characterized in that The acid-base regulator includes at least one of ammonia water, potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide.

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