Dispersing agent, preparation method thereof and diesel oil low-temperature flow improvement composition

Abstract

The invention discloses a dispersing agent, a preparation method thereof and a diesel oil low-temperature flow improvement composition. The dispersing agent comprises a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3); wherein the first material comprises a compound # imgabs 0 # with the following general formula, and the second material comprises a compound # imgabs 1 # with the following general formula; r1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from one of-H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of C1-C20, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of C2-C5, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of C6-C10, and # imgabs2, in which R5 is an alkylene group of C1-C15, and R6 is an alkyl group of C1-C15, and in which R1, R2, R3, and R4 are each independently selected from-H, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group of C2-C5, a substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group of C2-C5, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group of C6-C10, and # imgabs2. By mixing the first material and the second material in a specific mass ratio, the dispersing agent with long low-temperature environment duration, wide diesel oil type application range and high temperature adaptability can be obtained, and the low-temperature flowing property of diesel oil is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of chemical materials, and in particular to a dispersant and a preparation method thereof, and a diesel low-temperature flow improving composition. Background Art

[0002] Diesel is a widely used fuel. Many large machines such as trucks, tractors, ships, and internal combustion locomotives are powered by diesel. Diesel has the characteristics of high energy density. When burning the same mass of fuel, diesel can provide more energy than gasoline, so it is more suitable for equipment that requires greater power, and is therefore widely used. However, in a low temperature environment, the wax in the diesel will gradually precipitate to form wax crystals. When the wax crystals increase and interconnect to form a three-dimensional network structure, the diesel will lose its fluidity, resulting in poor fuel supply to the engine and even failure to start. The low temperature performance of diesel is extremely important in the diesel specification indicators and directly affects the normal operation of the diesel engine. Therefore, improving the low temperature performance of diesel is crucial to ensure the normal operation of the engine. An effective way to solve the problem of low temperature fluidity of diesel is to add a small amount of pour point depressant (PPD) to the diesel. Diesel pour point depressant, also known as diesel low temperature flow improver, can significantly change the crystal morphology and structure of wax in diesel. The specific principle is that as wax crystals form, the pour point depressant will precipitate or adsorb on the surface of the wax crystals together with the wax crystals to prevent the wax crystals from growing, thereby reducing the pour point and cold filter point of diesel and improving the low temperature flow performance of diesel. Traditional diesel pour point depressants have a good pour point depressing effect on diesel with low wax content and narrow fractions, but the pour point depressing effect is not obvious for diesel with high wax content and wide fractions. This is because waxes with different crystallization points require alkyl chains of different lengths to form eutectics with them. When the wax carbon distribution in diesel is not concentrated, the oil crystals are less sensitive to pour point depressants. Generally, wax crystal dispersants are added to work synergistically with pour point depressants to prevent wax crystal molecules from agglomerating. When wax crystals in diesel, the long alkane chains of the wax crystal dispersants form eutectics with the wax and the polar groups poison the wax crystals, which can cause the wax to form countless small crystals. The main component of the pour point depressant, the long-chain alkane, is adsorbed on the surface of these small crystals to produce adsorption eutectics, which inhibits the wax crystals from connecting to each other into a network structure, thereby making the wax crystals finely dispersed in the diesel and improving the low-temperature flow properties of the diesel.

[0003] However, after adding diesel, the dispersing effect of traditional wax crystal dispersants will gradually decrease as time passes in a low-temperature environment. In addition, the composition of crude oil in different regions and reservoirs varies greatly, and the structure, size, distribution and interaction of wax crystals with other components are different. Traditional wax crystal dispersants often have a good dispersing effect on certain specific types of crude oil, but for crude oil with complex and special components, their adaptability is insufficient and it is difficult to achieve an ideal dispersing effect. In addition, under different temperature environments, the formation and growth characteristics of wax crystals will change, and the performance of wax crystal dispersants will also be affected. Some wax crystal dispersants may experience crystallization, precipitation and other phenomena in a low-temperature environment, resulting in a weakening or loss of the dispersing effect of the wax crystals. Summary of the invention

[0004] Based on this, it is necessary to provide a dispersant having a long duration in a low temperature environment and a wide range of diesel types and a preparation method thereof, as well as a diesel low temperature flow improvement composition.

[0005] The present application provides a dispersant, comprising a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3);

[0006] Wherein, the first material includes a compound having the following general formula , the second material includes a compound having the following general formula ;

[0007] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from -H, C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C6-C10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl and One of the following, wherein R5 is a C1-C15 alkylene group, and R6 is a C1-C15 alkyl group;

[0008] The substituents in R1, R2, R3 and R4, when they appear each time, are independently selected from one of D, hydroxyl, C1~C5 alkyl and C2~C5 alkenyl;

[0009] n is an integer ranging from 8 to 100.

[0010] In one embodiment, R1 and R4 are each independently selected from one of C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl and C2-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl.

[0011] In one embodiment, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and one of C6~C8 substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups.

[0012] In one embodiment, the first material includes one or more of the following compounds:

[0013] , , , , , , as well as .

[0014] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned dispersant, comprising the following steps:

[0015] Mixing the first material and the second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3) to prepare the dispersant;

[0016] The first material includes a compound having the general formula , the second material includes a compound having the following general formula .

[0017] In one embodiment, the preparation method of the second material comprises the following steps: the raw materials include: and an aldehyde compound, and preparing a second material through a polycondensation reaction;

[0018] Wherein, the aldehyde compound includes paraformaldehyde, and the polymerization degree of the paraformaldehyde is 8-100.

[0019] In one embodiment, the raw material further comprises an inorganic base, And the mass ratio of the aldehyde compound is (0.1~2): (20~80): (5~15).

[0020] In one embodiment, the polycondensation reaction satisfies one or both of the following conditions:

[0021] (1) The reaction temperature is 70℃~90℃;

[0022] (2) The reaction time is 5h~10h.

[0023] Furthermore, the present application also provides a diesel low-temperature flow improvement composition, which comprises the above-mentioned dispersant.

[0024] In one embodiment, the composition further includes a pour point depressant, and the mass ratio between the dispersant and the pour point depressant is 1:(1-6).

[0025] The present application mixes a first material having a long-chain amide structure and a second material in a specific mass ratio. The polar amide functional groups of the first material are in close contact with wax crystals through similar solubility, and the second material is used to coat the wax crystals to form small micelles in diesel. A dispersant with a long duration in low-temperature environment, a wide range of diesel applications, and high temperature adaptability can be obtained, thereby effectively improving the low-temperature flow properties of diesel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the specific implementation methods of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the specific implementation methods or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some implementation methods of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 This is the gel permeation chromatography characterization of the second material in Example 1, and the ordinate MV represents the refractive index difference between the sample and the solvent.

[0028] Figure 2 This is the gel permeation chromatography characterization of the second material in Example 9, and the ordinate MV represents the refractive index difference between the sample and the solvent.

[0029] Figure 3 This is the infrared spectrum of the dispersant of Example 1.

[0030] Figure 4 This is the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the dispersant in Example 1.

[0031] Figure 5 The following are actual pictures of the blank sample and the wax crystals of Example 1 after 48 hours of sedimentation test. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0032] In order to facilitate the understanding of the present application, the present application will be described more fully below with reference to the relevant drawings. The preferred embodiments of the present application are given in the drawings. However, the present application can be implemented in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, the purpose of providing these embodiments is to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present application more thorough and comprehensive.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this application belongs. The terms used herein in the specification of this application are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application.

[0034] The term "and / or" used herein includes any one of two or more related listed items, and also includes any and all combinations of the related listed items, wherein the any and all combinations include any combination of two related listed items, any more related listed items, or all related listed items. For example, "A and / or B" includes three parallel solutions: A, B, and "a combination of A and B".

[0035] In this article, unless otherwise specified, "one or more" means any one of the listed items or any combination of the listed items. Similarly, "one or more" and other expressions that mean "one or more" are also understood in the same way unless otherwise specified.

[0036] In this document, "further", "further", "particularly", "for example", "such as", "example", "for example", etc. are used for descriptive purposes, indicating that the previous and subsequent technical solutions are related in terms of the content covered, but should not be understood as limiting the previous technical solution, nor can they be understood as limiting the scope of protection of this document. In this document, unless otherwise specified, A (such as B) means that B is a non-limiting example of A, and it can be understood that A is not limited to B.

[0037] Herein, "optionally", "optional", and "optional" mean optional, that is, any one of the two parallel schemes of "yes" or "no". If multiple "optional" items appear in a technical solution, unless otherwise specified and there is no contradiction or mutual restriction, each "optional" item is independent of each other. In this application, descriptions such as "optionally contain", "optionally include", etc. mean "contain or not contain". "Optional component X" means that component X exists or does not exist, or means that component X is contained or not contained.

[0038] In this document, the terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. in "the first aspect", "the second aspect", "the third aspect", "the fourth aspect", etc. are used only for descriptive purposes and cannot be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or quantity, nor can they be understood as implicitly indicating the importance or quantity of the indicated technical features. Moreover, "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. only serve the purpose of non-exhaustive enumeration and description, and it should be understood that they do not constitute a closed limitation on quantity.

[0039] In this article, the technical features described in an open manner include closed technical solutions composed of the listed features, and also include open technical solutions containing the listed features.

[0040] Herein, when it comes to a numerical interval (i.e., a numerical range), unless otherwise specified, the distribution of the optional numerical values ​​within the numerical interval is considered to be continuous and includes the two numerical endpoints (i.e., the minimum and maximum values) of the numerical interval, and each numerical value between the two numerical endpoints. Unless otherwise specified, when a numerical interval only refers to integers within the numerical interval, including the two endpoint integers of the numerical range, and each integer between the two endpoints, is equivalent to directly listing each integer. When multiple numerical ranges are provided to describe features or characteristics, these numerical ranges can be combined. In other words, unless otherwise specified, the numerical ranges disclosed herein should be understood to include any and all sub-ranges included therein. The "numerical value" in the numerical interval can be any quantitative value, such as a number, a percentage, a ratio, etc. "Numerical interval" allows broadly including numerical interval types such as percentage intervals, ratio intervals, and ratio intervals.

[0041] Herein, the term "room temperature" or "normal temperature" generally refers to 4°C~35°C, for example, 20°C±5°C. In some embodiments herein, "room temperature" or "normal temperature" refers to 10°C~30°C. In some embodiments herein, "room temperature" or "normal temperature" refers to 20°C~30°C.

[0042] In this article, if there are multiple steps involved in the method flow, unless there is a clear different description in this article, there is no strict order restriction for the execution of these steps, and they can be executed in other orders than described. Moreover, any step can include multiple sub-steps or multiple stages, and these sub-steps or stages are not necessarily executed at the same time, but can be executed at different times, and their execution order is not necessarily sequential, but can be executed in turn, alternating or simultaneously with other steps or parts of sub-steps or stages of other steps.

[0043] The present application provides a dispersant, comprising a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3);

[0044] The first material includes a compound having the following general formula: , the second material includes a compound having the following general formula ;

[0045] R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from -H, C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C6-C10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl and One of the following, wherein R5 is a C1-C15 alkylene group, and R6 is a C1-C15 alkyl group;

[0046] The substituents in R1, R2, R3 and R4, each time they appear, are independently selected from one of D, hydroxyl, C1-C5 alkyl and C2-C5 alkenyl;

[0047] n is an integer ranging from 8 to 100.

[0048] In a specific example, R1 and R4 are each independently selected from one of a C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and a C2-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group.

[0049] It is understood that R1 and R4 are each independently one of the following substituents, wherein * is a connection site:

[0050] , , , , , as well as .

[0051] In a specific example, R2 and R3 are each independently selected from C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and one of C6~C8 substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups.

[0052] It is understood that R2 and R3 are each independently one of the following substituents, wherein * is a connection site:

[0053] H. , , , , , as well as .

[0054] The first material includes a compound having the general formula N,N-dibutyl octadecylamide, Stearic acid amide, Dipalmitoylethylenediamine, Stearylanilide, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)octadecanoic acid amide, N,N-diethyldodecylamine, N-dodecyl acrylamide and One or more of N-hexyl-caproamide.

[0055] The present application also provides a method for preparing the above-mentioned dispersant, comprising the following steps:

[0056] Mixing the first material and the second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3) to prepare a dispersant;

[0057] The first material includes a compound having the following general formula: , the second material includes a compound having the following general formula R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from -H, C1~C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2~C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C6~C10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl and One of the following, wherein R5 is a C1-C15 alkylene group, and R6 is a C1-C15 alkyl group;

[0058] The substituents in R1, R2, R3 and R4, each time they appear, are independently selected from one of D, hydroxyl, C1-C5 alkyl and C2-C5 alkenyl;

[0059] n is an integer ranging from 8 to 100.

[0060] Specifically, the mass ratio of the first material to the second material may be, but is not limited to, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 2:1 or 3:1.

[0061] In a specific example, the preparation method of the second material includes the following steps: the raw material includes a mass ratio of (20-80): (5-15) and preparing a second material by polycondensation of the aldehyde compound;

[0062] Among them, the aldehyde compounds include paraformaldehyde.

[0063] Furthermore, the polymerization degree of the paraformaldehyde is 8-100.

[0064] In a specific example, the raw materials also include an inorganic base, an inorganic base, And the mass ratio of aldehyde compounds is (0.1~2): (20~80): (5~15).

[0065] In a specific example, the temperature of the polycondensation reaction is 70° C. to 90° C.; the time of the polycondensation reaction is 5 h to 10 h.

[0066] Specifically, the temperature of the polycondensation reaction may be, but is not limited to, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C or 90°C, and the time of the polycondensation reaction may be, but is not limited to, 5h, 6h, 7h, 8h, 9h or 10h.

[0067] It can be understood that the amidation reaction temperature and the polycondensation reaction temperature will fluctuate to a certain extent after being set according to the above temperature settings, and the fluctuation range is within the range of ±1°C to ±5°C of the set temperature.

[0068] Furthermore, the present application also provides a diesel low temperature flow improving composition, comprising the above-mentioned dispersant.

[0069] Furthermore, the diesel low temperature flow improving composition also includes a pour point depressant, and the mass ratio of the dispersant to the pour point depressant is 1:(1-6). Specifically, the mass ratio of the dispersant to the pour point depressant can be, but is not limited to, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:5 or 1:6.

[0070] The pour point depressant may be, but is not limited to, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer (EVA). It is understood that the diesel low temperature flow improving composition is added to diesel, and the mass percentage of the diesel low temperature flow improving composition in the diesel is 100ppm to 800ppm.

[0071] The present application mixes a first material having a long-chain amide structure and a second material in a specific mass ratio. The polar amide functional groups of the first material are in close contact with wax crystals through similar solubility, and the second material is used to coat the wax crystals to form small micelles in diesel. A dispersant with a long duration in low-temperature environment, a wide range of diesel applications, and high temperature adaptability can be obtained, thereby effectively improving the low-temperature flow properties of diesel.

[0072] The present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present application and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application. The experimental methods for which specific conditions are not specified in the following examples are preferably referred to the guidance given in the present application, and can also be based on the experimental manuals or conventional conditions in the art, can also be based on the conditions recommended by the manufacturer, or refer to experimental methods known in the art.

[0073] In the following specific embodiments, the measured parameters of raw material components may have slight deviations within the range of weighing accuracy unless otherwise specified. For temperature and time parameters, acceptable deviations caused by instrument test accuracy or operation accuracy are allowed. "Normal temperature" refers to 25°C; "normal pressure" refers to 100KPa or 101KPa.

[0074] The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

[0075] The paraformaldehyde used in the examples and comparative examples of the present application was purchased from McLean P804536.

[0076] Example 1

[0077] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N,N-dibutyl octadecylamide. , 95%, purchased from McLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0078] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0079]

[0080] The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) characterization of the second material is as follows Figure 1 As shown in Table 1 below.

[0081] Table 1 GPC results

[0082]

[0083] like Figure 3 The infrared spectrum of the dispersant of Example 1 is shown as Figure 4 Shown is the nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of the dispersant of Example 1.

[0084] Example 2

[0085] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is stearic acid amide. , 85%, mixtures were purchased from MacLean, and the preparation method of the second material was as follows:

[0086] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0087]

[0088] Example 3

[0089] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is dipalmitoylethylenediamine , 95%, purchased from McLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0090] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0091]

[0092] Example 4

[0093] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is stearyl anilide , ≥98%, purchased from MacLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0094] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0095]

[0096] Example 5

[0097] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N-(2-hydroxyethyl) octadecanoic acid amide. , 95%, purchased from McLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0098] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0099]

[0100] Example 6

[0101] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N,N-diethyldodecylamine. , ≥99%, purchased from MacLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0102] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0103]

[0104] Example 7

[0105] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N-dodecyl acrylamide. , ≥97%, purchased from MacLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0106] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0107]

[0108] Example 8

[0109] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N-hexyl-caproamide. The second material was purchased from Maclean and prepared as follows:

[0110] 56.8g of nonylphenol and 9.2g of polyformaldehyde are added to a reaction kettle equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4g of mixed tetramethylbenzene are added. After the feeding is completed, stirring is started, nitrogen is introduced, the temperature is raised to 85℃±2℃, and the reaction is carried out for 8h. Then, the water generated by the reaction is removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80℃ to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0111]

[0112] Example 9

[0113] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N,N-dibutyl octadecylamide. , 95%, purchased from McLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0114] 52.3 g of butylphenol and 9.2 g of polyformaldehyde were added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6 g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4 g of mixed tetramethylbenzene were added. After the feeding was completed, stirring was started, nitrogen was introduced, the temperature was raised to 85°C ± 2°C, and the reaction was carried out for 8 hours. Then, the water generated by the reaction was removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80°C to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0115]

[0116] The gel permeation chromatography (GPC) characterization of the second material is as follows Figure 2 and as shown in Table 2 below.

[0117] Table 1 GPC results

[0118]

[0119] Example 10

[0120] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is stearic acid amide. , 85%, mixtures were purchased from MacLean, and the preparation method of the second material was as follows:

[0121] 52.3 g of butylphenol and 9.2 g of polyformaldehyde were added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6 g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4 g of mixed tetramethylbenzene were added. After the feeding was completed, stirring was started, nitrogen was introduced, the temperature was raised to 85°C ± 2°C, and the reaction was carried out for 8 hours. Then, the water generated by the reaction was removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80°C to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0122]

[0123] Embodiment 11

[0124] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N,N-diethyldodecylamine. , ≥99% purchased from MacLean, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0125] 52.3 g of butylphenol and 9.2 g of polyformaldehyde were added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6 g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4 g of mixed tetramethylbenzene were added. After the feeding was completed, stirring was started, nitrogen was introduced, the temperature was raised to 85°C ± 2°C, and the reaction was carried out for 8 hours. Then, the water generated by the reaction was removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80°C to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0126]

[0127] Example 12

[0128] The dispersant provided in this embodiment includes a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of 1:1, wherein the first material is N-dodecyl acrylamide. Purchased from McLean, ≥97%, the preparation method of the second material is as follows:

[0129] 52.3 g of butylphenol and 9.2 g of polyformaldehyde were added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, and then 0.6 g of sodium hydroxide and 133.4 g of mixed tetramethylbenzene were added. After the feeding was completed, stirring was started, nitrogen was introduced, the temperature was raised to 85°C ± 2°C, and the reaction was carried out for 8 hours. Then, the water generated by the reaction was removed by reduced pressure distillation at a temperature of 80°C to finally obtain the second material. The reaction formula of the second material is as follows.

[0130]

[0131] Comparative Example 1

[0132] The difference from Example 1 is that the mass ratio of the first material: the second material is 1:6.

[0133] Comparative Example 2

[0134] The difference from Example 1 is that the first material in Example 1 is replaced by butanamide (98%, McLean), everything else remains unchanged.

[0135] Comparative Example 3

[0136] 148 g of phthalic anhydride and 800 ml of xylene were added to a reactor equipped with a stirrer and a condenser, heated until dissolved, 243 g of tetradecanol was added, the temperature was continued to rise to 120°C, the reaction was continued for 5 hours, 123 g of diethanolamine was added, the temperature was raised to 140°C, the reaction was continued for 6 hours, and then the solvent was removed by reduced pressure distillation at 80°C to obtain 522 g of a dispersant product.

[0137] Cold filter point test

[0138] The dispersants of the above-mentioned Examples 1-12 and Comparative Examples 1, 2 and 3 were mixed with the commercially available pour point depressant EVA at a mass ratio of 1:3 to form a diesel low temperature flow improving composition. After being evenly mixed, the diesel low temperature flow improving composition was added to the diesel to be tested so that the diesel low temperature flow improving composition accounted for 400 ppm of the mixture. Blank diesel and diesel with only the commercially available pour point depressant added (the same ratio between the pour point depressant and the diesel in the examples and comparative examples) were used as references. The cold filter plugging point (CFPP) of the samples was tested according to the SH / T0248-92 method. The results are shown in Table 3.

[0139] Table 3

[0140]

[0141] It can be seen that some of the dispersants provided in this application can be combined with the pour point depressant EVA to further reduce the cold filter plugging points of the two diesel samples, and some of the dispersants can be further combined with the pour point depressant EVA to reduce the cold filter plugging points of the three diesel samples. However, the dispersants provided in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 cannot reduce the diesel cold filter plugging point even if combined with the pour point depressant EVA, while Comparative Example 3 can also reduce the cold filter plugging points of the two diesel samples. This shows that the present application can use the diesel sample in the attached document and reduce its cold filter plugging point in the same way as Comparative Example 3.

[0142] Settling time and thickness of wax crystals

[0143] Experimental principle: When the temperature reaches the cloud point of diesel, wax crystals begin to precipitate from the diesel. As the temperature drops further, the precipitated wax crystals will increase. This method allows the temperature to remain stable in a certain range so that the wax crystals precipitated from the diesel sink to the bottom due to gravity. The wax crystal dispersant is compared and evaluated by observing the sedimentation time and sedimentation thickness of the wax crystals at the bottom.

[0144] Experimental operation: In order to test the effect of the dispersant, the compounded finished product was mixed with a commercially available pour point depressant at a mass ratio of 1:3. After mixing evenly, it was added to the diesel to be tested at a dosage of 400ppm (mass ratio). The diesel with only the commercially available pour point depressant added was used as a blank reference. The glass experimental bottle was then placed in a refrigerator and the temperature was set to 5°C below the diesel cloud point. The sedimentation time and sedimentation thickness of the wax crystals were observed. The results are shown in Table 4. Figure 5 Shown are actual pictures of the blank sample and wax crystals of Example 1 after 48 hours of testing. For ease of observation, a larger test tube than that in the table data is used.

[0145] Table 4

[0146]

[0147] In the above wax crystal sedimentation experiment, the dispersant provided by the present application has a certain effect on Beihai diesel and Hubei diesel with the same cold filter point but different composition, is applicable to different diesels and has a good dispersing effect, and improves the duration at low temperatures. However, the dispersant provided in Comparative Example 2 has no effect on both diesel samples, the dispersant in Comparative Example 1 has a certain effect only on Hubei diesel, and the dispersant in Comparative Example 3 has a certain effect only on Beihai diesel. It can be seen that the dispersant of the present application has a long duration in a low temperature environment and is widely applicable to diesel types.

[0148] The above-described embodiments only express several implementation methods of the present application, which is convenient for understanding the technical solution of the present application in detail, but it cannot be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the invention patent. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this field, without departing from the concept of the present application, several modifications and improvements can be made, which all belong to the protection scope of the present application. It should be understood that the technical solutions obtained by those skilled in the art through logical analysis, reasoning or limited experiments on the basis of the technical solutions provided in the present application are all within the protection scope of the claims attached to the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent of this application shall be based on the contents of the attached claims, and the description and drawings can be used to explain the contents of the claims.

Claims

1. A dispersant, characterized in that: Comprising a first material and a second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3); Wherein, the first material includes a compound having the following general formula , the second material includes a compound having the following general formula ; R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently selected from -H, C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, C2-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, C6-C10 substituted or unsubstituted aryl and One of the following, wherein R5 is a C1-C15 alkylene group, and R6 is a C1-C15 alkyl group; The substituents substituted in R1, R2, R3 and R4, when they appear each time, are independently selected from one of D, hydroxyl, C1~C5 alkyl and C2~C5 alkenyl; n is an integer ranging from 8 to 100.

2. The dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that R1 and R4 are each independently selected from one of a C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group and a C2-C5 substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl group.

3. The dispersant according to claim 1, characterized in that R2 and R3 are each independently selected from C1-C20 substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, and one of C6~C8 substituted or unsubstituted aryl groups.

4. The dispersant according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The first material includes one or more of the following compounds: , , , , , , as well as .

5. A method for preparing a dispersant according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: The dispersant is prepared by mixing the first material and the second material in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3).

6. The preparation method according to claim 5, characterized in that: The preparation method of the second material comprises the following steps: the raw materials include: and an aldehyde compound, and preparing a second material through a polycondensation reaction; Wherein, the aldehyde compound includes paraformaldehyde, and the polymerization degree of the paraformaldehyde is 8-100.

7. The preparation method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The raw materials also include an inorganic base, And the mass ratio of the aldehyde compound is (0.1~2): (20~80): (5~15).

8. The preparation method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that: The polycondensation reaction satisfies one or both of the following conditions: (1) The reaction temperature is 70℃~90℃; (2) The reaction time is 5h~10h.

9. A diesel low temperature flow improving composition, characterized in that: The composition comprises the dispersant as described in any one of claims 1 to 4.

10. The diesel cold flow improving composition according to claim 9, characterized in that The composition also includes a pour point depressant, and the mass ratio between the dispersant and the pour point depressant is 1:(1-6).

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