Oil refining equipment based on waste plastics

Abstract

The invention provides oil refining equipment based on waste plastics, and relates to the technical field of waste plastic oil refining equipment.The oil refining equipment comprises a reactor and a recoverer, the reactor is provided with a feeding port, two sets of symmetrically-arranged grinding rollers are installed on the inner side of the reactor, a stirring assembly is further installed on the inner side of the reactor, and microwave lenses are arranged on the two sides of the reactor; an outer protective shell is installed on the outer side of the reactor, two sets of symmetrically-arranged microwave reflecting plates are arranged on the inner side of the outer protective shell, microwave pipes are installed on the inner sides of the microwave reflecting plates, two sets of symmetrically-arranged heat preservation jackets are arranged on the inner side of the outer protective shell, cavities are formed in the inner sides of the heat preservation jackets, and a condensation circulation assembly is installed on the inner side of the recoverer. The microwave heating mode is adopted, microwaves directly act on waste plastics, the cracking reaction efficiency is improved, energy loss is reduced, meanwhile, waste heat of condensed high-temperature cracking gas in equipment can be recycled and acts on the reactor, and heat of a cooling medium is utilized for heat preservation of the reaction furnace.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of waste plastics oil refining equipment, in particular to a waste plastics-based oil refining equipment. Background Art

[0002] Waste plastic refining is a new waste plastic treatment method in recent years. Waste plastic can produce gasoline or diesel through pyrolysis, catalysis and other processes. With the rapid development of the plastics industry, the application of plastic products has become more and more extensive, and has penetrated into various fields of the national economy and people's daily life, playing an increasingly important role in the national economy. However, it is precisely because of some excellent properties of plastics that the waste after use is not easy to rot. Over time, it has seriously affected the ecological environment of the earth. Since waste plastics are extremely difficult to degrade in the natural environment and easily form white pollution, the application of waste plastic refining equipment has gradually become popular. It can solve plastic pollution while providing renewable resources.

[0003] The prior art (application number 201811561574.0) discloses a waste plastic refining equipment with a heat preservation function. By setting the conical structure of the baffle, it can effectively prevent the waste slag from accumulating at the bottom of the reactor, avoiding the waste slag deposition from affecting the use of the reactor, so that the waste slag inside the reactor can be evenly discharged from the reactor along the conical slope of the baffle into the slag outlet.

[0004] According to the above-mentioned prior art, in the process of refining waste plastics, electric heating is usually used to carry out the cracking reaction, which has the disadvantage of low energy utilization efficiency, resulting in excessive energy consumption. At the same time, the heat for cooling the high-temperature cracking gas cannot be effectively recovered and reused, and resources are not fully utilized. Therefore, the present invention proposes a refining equipment based on waste plastics to solve the problems existing in the prior art. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to propose an oil refining equipment based on waste plastics, which has the advantage of energy saving and reuses the heat recovered in the condensation process, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.

[0006] To achieve the purpose of the present invention, the present invention is implemented through the following technical scheme: a waste plastic based oil refining equipment, including a reactor and a recoverer, the reactor is provided with a feed inlet, and two groups of symmetrically arranged crushing rollers are installed on the inner side of the reactor, a stirring assembly is also installed on the inner side of the reactor, microwave lenses are provided on both sides of the reactor, an outer protective shell is installed on the outer side of the reactor, two groups of symmetrically arranged microwave reflection plates are provided on the inner side of the outer protective shell, and microwave tubes are installed on the inner side of the microwave reflection plates, and the microwave tubes are provided in several groups, two groups of symmetrically arranged insulation jackets are provided on the inner side of the outer protective shell, and a cavity is provided on the inner side of the insulation jacket, the insulation jacket is on different sides from the microwave tube, a condensation circulation assembly is installed on the inner side of the recoverer, and the condensation circulation assembly is connected to the reactor and the insulation jacket.

[0007] A further improvement is that the condensation circulation component includes a plate condenser, which is provided with a cold medium inlet, a cold medium outlet, a hot medium inlet and a hot medium outlet, a coolant cylinder is installed below the plate condenser, and a circulation pump is installed on the coolant cylinder, the circulation pump is connected to the output end of the insulation jacket through a pipeline, and the output end of the circulation pump is connected to the cold medium inlet through a pipeline, and the cold medium outlet is connected to the input end of the insulation jacket through a pipeline.

[0008] A further improvement is that an oil storage box is installed on the inner side of the reactor, the oil storage box is connected to the heat medium outlet through a pipeline, an exhaust port is provided on the oil storage box, a metal wire mesh is installed on the inner side of the oil storage box, and the metal wire mesh is provided with several groups, and the metal wire mesh is vertically arranged.

[0009] A further improvement is that the stirring assembly includes a mounting seat, the mounting seat is hollow, and a motor is installed on the inner side of the mounting seat, a main shaft is installed at the lower end of the mounting seat through a bearing, and the main shaft is driven by a motor, and stirring blades are installed on the main shaft, and the stirring blades are provided in several groups.

[0010] A further improvement is that a blade structure is provided at one end of the stirring blade away from the main shaft, and the blade structure is symmetrically provided in two groups.

[0011] A further improvement is that a feeding port and a vent are respectively installed on both sides of the reactor, and electric control valves are installed on the feeding port and the vent, and the vent is connected to the heat medium inlet through a pipeline.

[0012] A further improvement is that the outer protective shell has a microwave shielding function.

[0013] A further improvement is that a sealing cover is installed at the upper end of the feed inlet.

[0014] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the present invention adopts a microwave heating method, through which microwaves directly act on waste plastics to uniformly heat them, improve the efficiency of cracking reactions, and reduce energy loss; at the same time, through the cooperation of the provided heat-insulating jacket and the condensing circulation component, the waste heat of the condensed high-temperature cracking gas in the equipment is recovered and applied to the reactor, so that the heat of the cooling medium can be used to insulate the reactor, which can reduce the energy loss of the equipment to a certain extent; in addition, through the provided rolling rollers, the waste plastic block material is crushed into smaller particles or flakes, thereby increasing the specific surface area of ​​the material and making the subsequent cracking reaction more sufficient. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a front view structural schematic diagram of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the top view structure of the thermal insulation jacket distribution of the present invention.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a top view schematic diagram of the distribution of stirring blades provided by the present invention.

[0018] Figure 4 The figure is a schematic diagram of the side structure of the oil storage box provided by the present invention.

[0019] Among them: 1. Reactor; 2. Recycler; 3. Crushing roller; 4. Microwave lens; 5. Outer protective shell; 6. Microwave reflector; 7. Microwave tube; 8. Insulation jacket; 9. Plate condenser; 10. Cold medium inlet; 11. Cold medium outlet; 12. Hot medium inlet; 13. Hot medium outlet; 14. Coolant cylinder; 15. Circulating pump; 16. Oil storage box; 17. Exhaust port; 18. Metal mesh; 19. Mounting seat; 20. Motor; 21. Main shaft; 22. Stirring blade; 23. Blade structure; 24. Feeding port; 25. Vent; 26. Sealing cover; 27. Feeding port. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] In order to deepen the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with examples. The examples are only used to explain the present invention and do not constitute a limitation on the protection scope of the present invention.

[0021] In this embodiment, the waste plastics are divided into polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS).

[0022] For waste plastic refining equipment, it is an environmentally friendly device that converts waste plastic into recyclable resources such as fuel oil, combustible gas and carbon black. This equipment realizes the decomposition and conversion of plastics through thermal cracking technology, which is one of the key technologies for the resource utilization of waste plastics.

[0023] The principle is to crack waste plastics into an oil-gas mixture by heating. The cracking temperature is generally between 300°C and 500°C. The oil-gas mixture passes through a condensation system to condense the heavy oil into liquid fuel oil, and the light gas enters a gas recovery system. The solid residue after cracking is collected as carbon black, which can be further utilized as a raw material.

[0024] In the above process, the waste plastics-based refining equipment usually adopts electric heating. Electric heating equipment takes up little space and is easy to use, but it has the disadvantage of low energy efficiency, which leads to increased heating time and thus increased energy consumption of the equipment. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the energy consumption of the equipment to save resources.

[0025] Therefore, according to Figure 1-Figure 4 As shown, this embodiment proposes an oil refining equipment based on waste plastics, including a reactor 1 and a recoverer 2. The reactor 1 is used to perform a cracking reaction on the waste plastics, and the waste plastics are cracked into small molecular organic matter by heating to generate high-temperature gas, while the recoverer 2 is used to cool the high-temperature gas to condense fuel oil.

[0026] The reactor 1 is provided with a feed port 27, and a sealing cover 26 is installed at the upper end of the feed port 27. The sealing cover 26 is opened before work, and the staff uses an external feeding device to feed the material. After the feeding is completed, the sealing cover 26 is closed. The lower end of the reactor 1 is provided with a discharge port.

[0027] Two groups of symmetrically arranged crushing rollers 3 are installed on the inner side of the reactor 1. The shafts of the crushing rollers 3 are connected to the side walls of the reactor 1 through bearings and are driven by an independent motor. The independent motor is located on the outer side of the reactor 1 and is connected to the reactor 1 through a bracket. The outer surface of the crushing rollers 3 is provided with a protruding structure, and the protruding structure is evenly arranged in several groups. Correspondingly, the position of the crushing rollers 3 corresponds to the position of the feed port 27. During operation, waste plastics enter from the feed port 27 and fall between the two groups of crushing rollers 3, thereby being crushed by the crushing rollers 3. The purpose is to crush the waste plastic block materials into smaller particles or flakes, increase the specific surface area of ​​the material, and make the subsequent cracking reaction more sufficient.

[0028] A stirring assembly is also installed on the inner side of the reactor 1. The stirring assembly includes a mounting seat 19. The mounting seat 19 is hollow. In this embodiment, the cross section of the upper end of the mounting seat 19 is triangular. When the material is crushed, it passes through the upper end structure of the mounting seat 19 and falls to both sides of the reactor 1 during the falling process to prevent it from accumulating on the mounting seat 19. A motor 20 is installed on the inner side of the mounting seat 19. A main shaft 21 is installed at the lower end of the mounting seat 19 through a bearing, and the main shaft 21 is driven by the motor 20. A stirring blade 22 is installed on the main shaft 21, and the stirring blade 22 is provided with several groups. In this embodiment, a total of twelve groups of stirring blades 22 are provided. At the same time, a blade structure 23 is provided at one end of the stirring blade 22 away from the main shaft 21, and the blade structure 23 is symmetrically provided with two groups. In this embodiment, the structure of the stirring blade 22 is improved, and the blade structure 23 provided therein can play a cutting and pushing role when the stirring component is rotating, thereby avoiding local overheating or insufficient material and improving the efficiency of the cracking reaction. Accordingly, it can prevent the accumulation of large pieces of plastic to a certain extent and ensure the fluidity of the material inside the reactor 1.

[0029] Microwave lenses 4 are provided on both sides of the reactor 1. The microwave lenses 4 are used to seal the interior of the reactor 1 to prevent leakage of reaction gas or pressure while allowing microwaves to penetrate. An outer protective shell 5 is installed on the outside of the reactor 1. Two groups of microwave reflection plates 6 are symmetrically arranged on the inner side of the outer protective shell 5. Microwave tubes 7 are installed on the inner side of the microwave reflection plates 6. There are several groups of microwave tubes 7. The range covered by the microwave lens 4 corresponds to the microwave tubes 7. When working, the microwave tubes 7 are connected to the external microwave power supply through wires. Therefore, the heating of the reactor 1 adopts the microwave heating method to heat the crushed waste plastics, thereby performing a cracking reaction. Since microwaves are transmitted in the form of electromagnetic waves, they are then reflected by the microwave reflection plates 6, and the excess scattered energy is reflected back to the target area, thereby improving the overall energy utilization rate.

[0030] The inner side of the outer protective shell 5 is provided with two groups of insulation jackets 8 symmetrically arranged front and back, and the inner side of the insulation jacket 8 is provided with a cavity, and the insulation jacket 8 is on a different side from the microwave tube 7. For the outer protective shell 5, it is a corrosion-resistant metal with good electrical conductivity (such as stainless steel or aluminum) to provide microwave shielding and mechanical protection. Correspondingly, its coverage range is around the reactor 1, thereby providing protection for components such as the microwave tube 7 and the insulation jacket 8. When working, the device introduces the heat recovered by subsequent condensation into the insulation jacket 8, which plays a role in heat preservation for the reactor 1, so it can provide uniform heat compensation and prevent the reactor 1 from cooling down due to heat loss. Then the present invention adopts a partitioned design, concentrating the microwave tube 7 on the left and right sides, and the insulation jacket 8 on the front and back sides, with clear distribution, avoiding the interference of the heat medium on the microwave field, and ensuring the heat utilization efficiency. Further, the outer protective shell 5 has a microwave shielding function.

[0031] A condensation circulation assembly is installed on the inner side of the recovery device 2, and the condensation circulation assembly is connected to the reactor 1 and the insulation jacket 8. The condensation circulation assembly includes a plate condenser 9, and the plate condenser 9 is provided with a cold medium inlet 10, a cold medium outlet 11, a hot medium inlet 12 and a hot medium outlet 13. A coolant cylinder 14 is installed below the plate condenser 9, and a circulating pump 15 is installed on the coolant cylinder 14. The circulating pump 15 is connected to the output end of the insulation jacket 8 through a pipeline, and the output end of the circulating pump 15 is connected to the cold medium inlet 10 through a pipeline, and the cold medium outlet 11 is connected to the input end of the insulation jacket 8 through a pipeline. During operation, in the environment of microwave heating of waste plastics, high-temperature cracking gas will be generated in the reactor 1, and enter the plate condenser through the hot medium inlet 12, and heat exchange is performed with the circulating cooling medium, resulting in the high-temperature cracking gas cooling down, and the condensable components (such as cracking oil) in the oil gas are liquefied when cooled below its boiling point, and flow to the collection container oil storage box 16 through the hot medium outlet 13. Correspondingly, a cooling liquid (such as heat transfer oil) is arranged in the cooling liquid cylinder 14, which circulates between the plate condenser 9 and the insulation jacket 8 through the circulation pump 15, and cools down the high-temperature cracking gas during the circulation process.

[0032] An oil storage box 16 is installed on the inner side of the reactor 1. The oil storage box 16 is connected to the heat medium outlet 13 through a pipeline. An exhaust port 17 is provided on the oil storage box 16. A metal mesh 18 is installed on the inner side of the oil storage box 16, and the metal mesh 18 is provided in several groups. The metal mesh 18 is vertically arranged. For the high-temperature cracking gas, there are condensable components and some non-condensable components (such as methane, ethane and other low-boiling point gases), so they enter the oil storage box 16 together. The upper part of the oil storage box 16 is used for gas buffering, and the lower part is used for storing oil. Then, these non-condensable components are discharged through the exhaust port 17, so that the gas enters the subsequent processing equipment. For this device, in the process of gas being discharged from the oil storage box 16, the metal mesh 18 is provided to filter and intercept it. The principle is as follows:

[0033] The metal mesh 18 is made of stainless steel and is formed by stacking or weaving fine meshes, and has a high specific surface area. When the gas passes through the mesh, the oil mist or droplets condense into larger droplets after contacting the mesh surface, and the condensed droplets fall due to gravity, separating the airflow.

[0034] A feed port 24 and a vent 25 are installed on both sides of the reactor 1. The feed port 24 is used to supplement the cracking catalyst during the reaction, thereby promoting the cracking reaction of the waste plastic, and the vent 25 is used to communicate with the recycler 2. Electric control valves are installed on the feed port 24 and the vent 25, and the vent 25 is connected to the heat medium inlet 12 through a pipeline.

[0035] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. The above embodiments and descriptions are only for explaining the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the framework and scope of application of the present invention, the present invention may have various changes and improvements, which fall within the scope of the present invention to be protected. The scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the attached claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An oil refining device based on waste plastics, comprising a reactor (1) and a recycler (2), characterized in that: The reactor (1) is provided with a feed port (27), and two groups of symmetrically arranged crushing rollers (3) are installed on the inner side of the reactor (1). A stirring assembly is also installed on the inner side of the reactor (1). Microwave lenses (4) are installed on both sides of the reactor (1). An outer protective shell (5) is installed on the outer side of the reactor (1). Two groups of symmetrically arranged microwave reflection plates (6) are installed on the inner side of the outer protective shell (5). Microwave tubes (7) are installed on the inner side of the microwave reflection plates (6). The microwave tubes (7) are provided in a plurality of groups. Two groups of symmetrically arranged heat-insulating jackets (8) are provided on the inner side of the outer protective shell (5), and a cavity is provided on the inner side of the heat-insulating jackets (8). The heat-insulating jackets (8) are on different sides from the microwave tubes (7). A condensation circulation assembly is installed on the inner side of the recovery device (2), and the condensation circulation assembly is connected to the reactor (1) and the heat-insulating jacket (8).

2. The waste plastics-based oil refining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The condensation circulation component comprises a plate condenser (9), the plate condenser (9) is provided with a cold medium inlet (10), a cold medium outlet (11), a hot medium inlet (12) and a hot medium outlet (13), a cooling liquid cylinder (14) is installed below the plate condenser (9), and a circulation pump (15) is installed on the cooling liquid cylinder (14), the circulation pump (15) is connected to the output end of the insulation jacket (8) through a pipeline, and the output end of the circulation pump (15) is connected to the cold medium inlet (10) through a pipeline, and the cold medium outlet (11) is connected to the input end of the insulation jacket (8) through a pipeline.

3. An oil refining equipment based on waste plastics according to claim 2, characterized in that: An oil storage box (16) is installed inside the reactor (1), the oil storage box (16) is connected to the heat medium outlet (13) through a pipeline, an exhaust port (17) is provided on the oil storage box (16), a metal wire mesh (18) is installed inside the oil storage box (16), and the metal wire mesh (18) is provided with a plurality of groups, and the metal wire mesh (18) is arranged vertically.

4. The waste plastics-based oil refining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The stirring assembly comprises a mounting seat (19), the mounting seat (19) is hollow, and a motor (20) is mounted on the inner side of the mounting seat (19), a main shaft (21) is mounted on the lower end of the mounting seat (19) via a bearing, and the main shaft (21) is driven by the motor (20), and stirring blades (22) are mounted on the main shaft (21), and the stirring blades (22) are provided in a plurality of groups.

5. The waste plastics-based oil refining equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: A blade structure (23) is provided at one end of the stirring blade (22) away from the main shaft (21), and two groups of blade structures (23) are symmetrically provided.

6. The waste plastics-based oil refining equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that: A feed port (24) and a vent (25) are respectively installed on both sides of the reactor (1), and an electric control valve is installed on each of the feed port (24) and the vent (25). The vent (25) is connected to the heat medium inlet (12) through a pipeline.

7. The waste plastics-based oil refining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer protective shell (5) has a microwave shielding function.

8. The waste plastics-based oil refining equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: A sealing cover (26) is installed at the upper end of the feed port (27).

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