Short-process spinning device and application method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a short-process spinning device and an application method thereof, and relates to the technical field of spinning. The short-process spinning device comprises a loose fiber combing mechanism and a fiber cutting mechanism, the loose fiber combing mechanism is used for combing and dispersing the conveyed endless tows into a single fiber state for multiple times to obtain parallel and straight fibers; the fiber cutting mechanism is arranged on the rear side of the loose fiber combing mechanism and comprises a cutter roller and a conveying curtain, the cutter roller is located on the upper side of the conveying curtain and comprises a cylindrical roller and a spiral blade, and the spiral blade is spirally arranged on the surface of the cylindrical roller; and the spiral blade is used for obliquely cutting parallel and straight fiber groups continuously conveyed by the conveying curtain into short fibers. Continuous sliver forming is achieved through the technological innovation of fiber scattering, fiber combing, fiber cutting and sliver forming, slivers are uniform in thickness and have certain cohesive force, and the fibers are parallel and straight; short fibers can be directly twisted into yarns, and slivering is not needed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of spinning, and in particular relates to a short-process spinning device and an application method thereof. Background Art

[0002] There are many methods for yarn preparation, such as ring spinning, compact spinning, Siro spinning machine, rotor spinning, vortex spinning, friction spinning, etc. The existing short-fiber spinning process includes the necessary pre-spinning processing steps such as fiber opening, impurity removal, mixing, combing, and drawing. These processes are long, resulting in spinning companies generally using more workers, high energy consumption, and large land occupation, resulting in high production costs and poor competitiveness. In the spinning process, if the yarn can be formed in one step, the spinning process can be greatly shortened, the spinning cost and energy consumption can be greatly reduced, and it has huge economic value and social effects.

[0003] Patent CN219670730U describes a filament cutting device, which is a cutting device that cuts filament bundles into scattered short fibers. The driving motor can indirectly drive the conveyor belt to move the filament bundle, and the transmission motor can indirectly drive the cutting knife to move up and down, so that it can automatically cut the filament bundle, so that the device can achieve the cutting process of the filament bundle. Although the device can automatically cut the filaments into short fibers that can be continuously output, the device forms short fibers by cutting the filaments in parallel with the cutting knife. All short fibers have parallel and consistent cuts, which are not easy to fit together and cannot be directly used to prepare short fiber strips. Therefore, it is still necessary to process the cut short fibers again through fiber opening, mixing, combing, drawing and other processing steps, so that the short fibers can be prepared into short fiber strips. This problem is precisely the difficulty in turning filaments into strips in one step.

[0004] In order to solve the problem of continuously cutting filaments to directly form a strip-shaped fiber aggregate for spinning and realize short-process spinning, in addition to cutting filaments into short fiber strips that can be continuously output, the present invention also considers that the strips are uniform in thickness, have a certain cohesion, can be continuously fed, and the fibers in the strips are as parallel and straight as possible. The present invention proposes a short-process spinning device, including a strip making unit and a yarn forming unit, which realizes continuous strip formation through technical innovations of fiber spreading, fiber combing, fiber cutting, and strip forming, and the strips are uniform in thickness, have a certain cohesion, and the fibers are parallel and straight. Summary of the invention

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a short-process spinning device and its application method, so as to solve the problem that the filament cutting technology in the prior art proposed in the above background technology forms short fibers by cutting the filaments in parallel with a cutting knife, but still needs to prepare the short fibers into strips through multiple processing steps such as fiber opening, mixing, combing, and drawing.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a short-process spinning device, including a fiber combing mechanism and a fiber cutting mechanism;

[0008] The fiber-dispersing and combing mechanism is used to disperse the delivered filament bundle into a single fiber state through multiple combing to obtain parallel and straight fibers;

[0009] The fiber cutting mechanism is arranged at the rear side of the fiber scattering and combing mechanism, and includes a cutting roller and a conveying curtain. The cutting roller is located on the upper side of the conveying curtain. The cutting roller includes a cylindrical roller and a spiral blade. The spiral blade is spirally arranged on the surface of the cylindrical roller. The spiral angle α of the spiral blade is in the range of 0<α<90°; the spiral blade is used to obliquely cut the parallel and straight fiber groups continuously conveyed by the conveying curtain into short fibers.

[0010] Preferably, the spiral angle α of the spiral blade is in the range of 30°<α<60°.

[0011] Preferably, the area between adjacent spiral blades is provided with combing needles, and the combing needles are connected to the surface of the cylindrical roller.

[0012] Preferably, a negative pressure zone is provided in the middle of the conveying curtain, and the point where the cutting knife roller is closest to the conveying curtain is the fiber cutting point, and the fiber cutting point is located above the negative pressure zone, so that the cut point of the fiber is adsorbed by negative pressure;

[0013] A fourth roller group is arranged at the rear side of the conveying curtain, and the distance between the fiber cutting point and the fourth roller group is less than the length of the short fibers after cutting.

[0014] Preferably, a first roller group and a traverse device are further provided on the front side of the scattered fiber combing mechanism; the traverse device is provided on the rear side of the first roller group, and is used for laterally displacing and swinging the filament bundles conveyed by the first roller group during the conveying process.

[0015] Preferably, the fiber spreading and combing mechanism comprises a fiber spreading roller group and a fiber combing roller, the fiber spreading roller group is arranged on the rear side of the traverse device, a second roller group is arranged on the rear side of the fiber spreading roller group, the fiber combing roller is arranged on the rear side of the second roller group, and a third roller group is arranged on the rear side of the fiber combing roller.

[0016] Furthermore, the fiber spreading roller group includes fiber spreading rollers, and the number of the fiber spreading rollers is set to 1 to 8;

[0017] The surface of the fiber dispersion roller is provided with convex points and pores, and the convex points and pores are staggeredly distributed in a ratio of 1 to 50:1.

[0018] Furthermore, the combing roller is a roller with a surface covered with a card clothing, and the card clothing is preferably arranged in a reverse direction with the needle backs facing forward and the needle tips facing backward.

[0019] Preferably, it also includes a bundler, which is arranged at the rear side of the fourth roller group, and is an axisymmetric structure designed with partitions, and is used to group the short fibers into short fiber strips;

[0020] A fifth roller group is arranged at the rear side of the buncher, and a yarn forming unit A is arranged at the rear side of the fifth roller group.

[0021] Specifically, the spinning unit A adopts one of the rotor spinning unit, vortex spinning unit, friction spinning unit and ring spinning unit; the rotor spinning unit includes a sliver feeding and combing mechanism, a rotor spinning mechanism, and an output and winding mechanism; the vortex spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a vortex spinning mechanism, and an output winding mechanism; the friction spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a feeding and combing mechanism, a dust cage spinning mechanism, and an output winding mechanism; the ring spinning unit includes a coarse yarn mechanism and a fine yarn mechanism.

[0022] Preferably, a yarn-forming unit B is provided on the rear side of the fourth roller group.

[0023] Specifically, the spinning unit B is a rotor spinning unit without a feeding and combing mechanism, a vortex spinning unit without a drafting mechanism, or a friction spinning unit without a drafting mechanism.

[0024] Preferably, the first roller group, the second roller group, the third roller group, the fourth roller group and the fifth roller group all include rollers and pressure rollers, the pressure rollers are pressed on the rollers, and the rollers rotate together with the pressure rollers to control the fibers to be transported forward.

[0025] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a method for preparing filament yarn by spinning in one step, the method comprising the following steps:

[0026] S1. Determine the number of filament bundles to be fed: Determine the number of filament bundles according to the sliver quantitative design specified in the spinning process, and feed all filament bundles in parallel through the first roller group; the number of root bundles ranges from 100 to 5000;

[0027] S2. Select the configuration of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller, and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller: control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the first roller group and the second roller group to be in the range of 0.5-8.0; control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the second roller group and the third roller group to be in the range of 0.8-8.0;

[0028] S3. Determine the cutting length and cutting distance of the short fibers, adjust the cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone: the cutting length is set by the length of one rotation of the spiral blade, and the cutting distance is set by the distance between the center position of the fourth roller group and the cutting point; control the cutting tension coefficient between the third roller group and the fourth roller group to be in the range of 0.5 to 10.0;

[0029] S4, select a buncher to obtain short fiber strips;

[0030] S5. The short fiber strips are fed into the spinning unit A to be spun into short fiber yarns.

[0031] The present invention provides a spinning method for preparing filament yarn in one step in a third aspect, the method comprising the following steps:

[0032] S1. Determine the number of filament bundles to be fed: Determine the number of filament bundles according to the sliver quantitative design specified in the spinning process, and arrange all filament bundles in parallel and feed them through the first roller group; the number of root bundles ranges from 1 to 99;

[0033] S2. Select the configuration of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller, and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller; control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the first roller group and the second roller group to be in the range of 0.5-8.0; control the tension coefficient of the filament bundle between the second roller group and the third roller group to be in the range of 0.8-8.0;

[0034] S3. Determine the cutting length and cutting distance of the short fibers, adjust the cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone: the cutting length is set by the length of one rotation of the spiral blade, and the cutting distance is set by the distance between the center position of the fourth roller group and the cutting point; control the cutting tension coefficient between the third roller group and the fourth roller group to be in the range of 0.5 to 10.0;

[0035] S4. The short fibers are directly fed into the spinning unit B to be spun into short fiber yarns.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0037] (1) The short-process spinning device of the present invention realizes technical innovation through fiber spreading, fiber combing and fiber cutting. The fibers are made parallel and straight by fiber spreading and fiber combing. At this time, the parallel and straight fibers are directly transported to a cutting roller composed of spiral blades. The spiral blades rotate one circle to cut the filaments into a short fiber. At this time, the overall cutting part of the cut short fiber is oblique, so that the saturation force between adjacent short fibers in the whole short fiber is increased, and the parallel and straight fibers can be kept. Thus, the cut short fibers are directly made into strips or directly used for spinning.

[0038] (2) The present invention adopts a short-process spinning device to prepare filament bundles into strips in one step, and directly prepares the filament bundles into short fiber strips through a strip-making unit, thereby shortening the spinning process of short fibers, reducing equipment space, energy consumption, labor costs and other costs, and improving production efficiency. Compared with strips prepared by conventional processes such as cotton opening, combing, and drawing, the strips prepared by the strip-making unit of the present invention are more uniform in fineness, and the fibers in the strips are more parallel and straight. The yarn prepared by the present invention is better in various indicators such as strip dryness and breaking strength variation coefficient.

[0039] (3) In the present invention, a short-process spinning device is used to spin the filament bundle in one step. The short fibers output by the fourth roller group directly pass through the fiber channel of the spinning unit into the spinning rotor for twisting into yarn, that is, spinning is also achieved without the need for slivering. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0040] Figure 1 The structure of the short-process spinning device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 1 ;

[0041] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fiber dispersion roller group in the present invention;

[0042] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the structure of the fiber spreading roller in the present invention (Figures A, B, C, and D are schematic diagrams of different designs of the fiber spreading roller surface);

[0043] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fiber combing roller in the present invention;

[0044] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fiber cutting mechanism in the present invention;

[0045] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the structure of the cutter roller in the present invention (Figure A is a schematic diagram of the entire cutter roller, Figure B is a schematic diagram of the cutter roller surface development, and Figure C is a schematic diagram of the cutter roller surface development with combing needles arranged between adjacent spiral blades);

[0046] Figure 7 A schematic diagram of cutting a filament into short fibers in the present invention;

[0047] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the bundler in the present invention;

[0048] Fig. 9 The structure of the short-process spinning device of the present invention is shown in FIG. Figure 2 .

[0049] Reference numerals in the figures:

[0050] 1. Filament bundle; 2. First roller group; 3. Traverse device; 4. Spreading roller group; 5. Second roller group; 6. Combing roller; 7. Third roller group; 8. Fiber cutting mechanism; 9. Fourth roller group; 10. Buncher; 11. Staple fiber strip; 12. Fifth roller group; 13. Yarn forming unit A; 14. Cutter roller; 15. Transport curtain; 16. Negative pressure zone; 17. Fiber cutting point; 18. Cylindrical roller; 19. Spiral blade; 20. Yarn forming unit B, 21. Combing needle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0051] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0052] Embodiment 1:

[0053] See also Figure 1 The short-process spinning device of the present invention includes a fiber combing mechanism, a fiber cutting mechanism 8 and a buncher 10.

[0054] The first roller group 2 and the traverse device 3 are arranged in front of the fiber spreading and combing mechanism. The filament bundle 1 first enters the first roller group 2, and the traverse device 3 is arranged behind the first roller group 2, which mainly shifts and swings the filament bundle 1 laterally during the conveying process to improve the fiber spreading effect.

[0055] In this embodiment, the fiber spreading and combing mechanism is composed of a fiber spreading roller group 4 and a fiber combing roller 6. Figure 2 The fiber spreading roller group 4 can be configured with 1 to 5 fiber spreading rollers, and each fiber spreading roller has a convex point on its surface, such as Figure 3 -A, its function is to make some of the adhered fiber bundles fluffy and dispersed; air holes are set between the convex points of the fiber dispersion roller, such as Figure 3 -B; Different combinations of pores and convex points meet the needs of different filament dispersion, such as Figure 3 -C and Figure 3 -D. Changing the rotation speeds of the first roller group 2 and the second roller group 5 can adjust the tension F12 of the filament bundle 1 during the fiber spreading process, and the tension coefficient of the tension F12 has a control range of 0.5-8.0.

[0056] Specifically, the combing roller 6 adopts a "dispersed combing" design, specifically, the surface is covered with card clothing, the card clothing is arranged in reverse, the back of the needle faces forward and the tip of the needle faces backward. Figure 4As shown, the fiber bundle is dispersed and combed by the needle back to separate the fibers into single fibers, reducing the damage to the filament single fibers. The fiber combing roller 6 disperses the fiber bundle into a single fiber state, combs to remove impurities, and the specifications of the card clothing are determined according to the fineness of the filaments and other characteristics. The tension F23 of the filament bundle 1 in the combing process can be adjusted by changing the rotation speed of the second roller group 5 and the third roller group 7. The tension coefficient control range of the tension F23 is 0.8-8.0.

[0057] In this embodiment, the fiber cutting mechanism 8 is composed of a cutting roller 14 and a conveying curtain 15. The point where the cutting roller 14 and the conveying curtain 15 are closest to each other is called a fiber cutting point 17. Figure 5 shown.

[0058] Specifically, the cutter roller 14 is composed of a spiral blade 19 spirally arranged on the surface of a cylindrical roller 18. Figure 6 -A, the spiral angle of the spiral blade 19 directly determines the relative arrangement of the short fibers after cutting. The spiral angle setting range is 0° to 90°, preferably 30° to 60°. Figure 6 -B. A combing needle 21 is arranged between two adjacent spiral blades 19 on the surface of the cylindrical roller 18, which is also a type of cutting roller 14. Figure 6 As the cutter roller 14 rotates, the spiral blade 19 cuts the filaments into short fibers when passing through the fiber cutting point 17. The short fibers are arranged in a staggered manner in a certain order, such as Figure 7 As shown; when the spiral blade 19 rotates to the fiber cutting point 17, the filaments are cut, and the cut length of the fiber is the displacement distance of the spiral blade 19 rotating one circle.

[0059] Specifically, the conveying curtain 15 is located directly below the cutting roller 14, and the conveying curtain 15 keeps rotating continuously to ensure that the cut fiber end moves forward smoothly until it is fed into the fourth roller group 9. A negative pressure zone 16 is provided in the middle of the conveying curtain 15, and the cut point of the fiber is adsorbed by negative pressure. For the output end fiber, the fiber tail end can be ensured to be parallel, and for the input end fiber, the fiber head end can be smoothly transported forward. The distance between the center position of the fourth roller group 9 and the fiber cutting point 17 is expressed as the cutting distance, which is related to the cutting length of the short fiber. The cutting distance should be set smaller than the cutting length of the short fiber. By changing the relative rotation speed of the third roller group 7 and the fourth roller group 9, the tension F34 when the filament is cut can be adjusted. The tension coefficient of the tension F34 ranges from 0.5 to 10.0.

[0060] In this embodiment, the bundler 10 has an axisymmetric structure and is designed in partitions. Figure 8The figure shows a four-zone axisymmetric design of the bundler, where zone a and zone b are axisymmetric with zone d and zone c, respectively. The displacement distances of the fibers when passing through zone a and zone b are different, which optimizes the dislocation arrangement between the fibers, improves the mixing effect of the fibers, and makes the fibers further displaced adjacent to improve the cohesion of the strips. The main function of the bundler 10 is to bundle the short fiber web output by the fourth roller group 9 into short fiber strips 11. Zone a and zone b can be designed horizontally or vertically with zone d and zone c, respectively.

[0061] In this embodiment, the first roller group 2, the second roller group 5, the third roller group 7, the fourth roller group 9, and the fifth roller group 12 are all composed of rollers and pressure rollers, the pressure rollers are pressed on the rollers, and the rollers rotate together with the pressure rollers to control the forward conveyance of the fibers. In order to give the fibers better curvature and improve the cohesion of the fibers into strips, the fifth roller group 12 can select grooved rollers, which is also within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0062] In this embodiment, the short-process spinning device can also be used as a sliver making unit, and the sliver making unit is connected to the yarn forming unit A13. The yarn forming unit A13 can select spinning units such as rotor spinning, vortex spinning, friction spinning, and ring spinning; the rotor spinning unit includes a sliver feeding and combing mechanism, a rotor spinning mechanism, and an output and winding mechanism; the vortex spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a vortex spinning mechanism, and an output winding mechanism, and the friction spinning unit includes a drafting mechanism, a feeding and combing mechanism, a dust cage spinning mechanism, and an output winding mechanism; the ring spinning unit includes a coarse yarn mechanism and a fine yarn mechanism. By connecting the short-process spinning device as a sliver making unit to the yarn forming unit, the filament bundle 1 can be directly spun into short fiber yarn, eliminating the processes of opening and cleaning cotton, combing cotton, and drawing. Compared with the traditional rotor spinning and vortex spinning process, the spinning device proposed by the present invention is simpler and the spinning process is greatly shortened.

[0063] The method for preparing filaments into strips in one step comprises the following steps:

[0064] (1) Determine the amount of the filament bundle 1 to be fed: design the number of filament bundles 1 to be fed according to the sliver quantity specified in the spinning process, and feed a plurality of filament bundles 1 in parallel through the first roller group 2.

[0065] (2) Select the configuration of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller 6, and optimize the rotation speed of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller 6: design the configuration of the fiber spreading roller according to the effect of the optimization of the dispersion of the filament bundle 1; adjust the tension F12 and F23 to change the tension of the filaments during the fiber spreading and fiber combing process.

[0066] (3) Select the cutter roller 14 and the cutting distance, adjust the fiber cutting tension F34, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone 16: Select the appropriate cutter roller 14 and cutting distance according to the short fiber cutting length required by the process.

[0067] (4) Selection of the bundler 10: Select a suitable bundler 10 according to the fiber type.

[0068] (5) Spinning of staple fiber strips 11: The fiber web output from the fourth roller group 9 enters the bundler 10 to form staple fiber strips 11, which are then output from the fifth roller group 12; the staple fiber strips 11 directly enter the spinning unit A13 to be spun into staple fiber yarns.

[0069] The present invention can also use a short-process spinning device to spin filaments in one step, and the short fibers output by the fourth roller group 9 are directly passed through the fiber channel of the spinning unit B20 into the spinning cup for twisting into yarn, that is, no stripping is required, which is also a spinning method protected by the present invention. The process flow is as follows: Fig. 9 shown.

[0070] The preparation method of filament one-step spinning comprises the following steps:

[0071] (1) A plurality of filament bundles 1 are fed through a first roller group 2, and enter a fiber spreading roller 4 through a traverse device 3 for dispersion, and then the filaments evenly dispersed and laid flat enter a fiber combing roller 5 for combing, and the tensions F12 and F23 are adjusted to optimize the dispersion and combing effects of the filaments;

[0072] (2) The combed fiber filaments are output to the fiber cutting device 8 through the third roller group 7, and the appropriate fiber cutting roller and cutting distance are selected to ensure that the short fiber cutting length meets the process requirements and is smoothly output; the negative pressure value of the conveying curtain 15 is optimized to ensure that the fibers are arranged in parallel and are transported straight;

[0073] (3) The fibers output by the fourth roller group 9 directly enter the spinning unit B20 to be spun into short fiber yarn.

[0074] Embodiment 1:

[0075] The short fiber sliver and yarn are prepared by a one-step sliver preparation method of filaments, as follows:

[0076] 300D / 144F polyester filament bundles were selected as raw materials, 100 polyester filament bundles 1 were fed at the same time, 3 scattered fiber rollers were used, AC2525x01360 type was selected for the combing needle clothing, the tension coefficient of the scattered fiber tension F12 was 0.98, the tension coefficient of the combing fiber tension F23 was 1.14, and an appropriate cutting knife roller 14 was selected to obtain polyester staple fibers with a cutting length of 38 mm. The cutting distance was set to 34 mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point 17 was 25 mbar, the tension coefficient of the cutting fiber tension F34 was 1.05, and a transverse four-zone buncher was selected.

[0077] The sliver making unit was connected to the rotor spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device. Trial spinning was carried out in the device to prepare 31tex yarn.

[0078] The uneven weight and breaking strength tests were carried out on the staple fiber slivers and yarns, and the CV% of the slivers was 2.3%, which was 30% lower than that of the slivers prepared by the traditional method; the CV% of the yarn evenness prepared by the device of the present invention was 9.8%, which was 16.1% lower than that of the yarn; the coefficient of variation of the yarn breaking strength was 11.07%, which was 12.5% ​​lower than that of the yarn.

[0079] Embodiment 2:

[0080] The short fiber sliver and yarn are prepared by a one-step sliver preparation method of filaments, as follows:

[0081] 150D / 72F Lyocell filament bundles were selected as raw materials, 220 filament bundles 1 were fed simultaneously, and three scattered fiber rollers were used. The combing needle clothing was AC2525x01360, the tension coefficient of the scattered fiber tension F12 was 0.92, the tension coefficient of the combing fiber tension F23 was 1.05, and an appropriate cutting knife roller was selected to obtain short fibers with a cutting length of 32 mm. The cutting distance was set to 29 mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point was 24 mbar, the tension coefficient of the cutting tension F34 was 1.23, and a transverse four-zone buncher was selected.

[0082] The sliver making unit was connected to the vortex spinning single spindle spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device. A trial spinning was carried out in the device to prepare 19.0 tex yarn.

[0083] The uneven weight and uneven breaking strength tests were carried out on the staple fiber slivers and yarns, and the CV% of the slivers was 2.1%, which was 32% lower than that of the slivers prepared by the traditional method; the CV% of the yarn evenness prepared by the device of the present invention was 12.08%, which was 15.9% lower than that of the yarn; the coefficient of variation of the yarn breaking strength was 9.6%, which was 13.2% lower than that of the yarn.

[0084] Embodiment 3:

[0085] The short fiber sliver and yarn are prepared by a one-step sliver preparation method of filaments, as follows:

[0086] Select 150D / 144F fine denier polyester filament bundles as raw materials, feed 220 filament bundles 1 at the same time, adopt 3 scattered fiber rollers, AC2525x01860 type carding needle clothing, the tension coefficient of scattered fiber tension F12 is 0.91, the tension coefficient of carding fiber tension F23 is 1.01, select the appropriate cutting knife roller to obtain the nylon staple fiber with a cutting length of 32mm, the cutting distance is set to 28mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point is 23mbar, the tension coefficient of the cutting tension F34 is 1.18, and a transverse four-zone buncher is selected.

[0087] The sliver making unit was connected to the friction spinning single spindle spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device. Trial spinning was carried out in the device to prepare 16tex yarn.

[0088] The uneven weight and uneven breaking strength tests were carried out on the staple fiber slivers and yarns, and the CV% of the slivers was 2.1%, which was 28% lower than that of the slivers prepared by the traditional method; the CV% of the yarn evenness prepared by the device of the present invention was 8.8%, which was 16.1% lower than that of the yarn; the coefficient of variation of the yarn breaking strength was 8.9%, which was 11.1% lower than that of the yarn.

[0089] Embodiment 4:

[0090] The short fiber sliver and yarn are prepared by a one-step sliver preparation method of filaments, as follows:

[0091] 100D / 40F nylon filament bundles were selected as raw materials, 260 filament bundles were fed at the same time, 1 scattered fiber roller was used, SC-3 type carding needle clothing was selected, the tension coefficient of scattered fiber tension F12 was 1.02, the tension coefficient of carding finishing F23 was 1.5, and an appropriate cutting knife roller was selected to obtain polyester staple fibers with a cutting length of 38 mm. The cutting distance was set to 29 mm, the negative pressure at the cutting point was 26 mbar, the tension coefficient of the cutting tension F34 was 2.1, and a transverse four-zone buncher was selected.

[0092] The strip making unit is connected to the ring spinning unit to form a short-process spinning device, and a trial spinning is carried out in the device to prepare 19tex yarn.

[0093] The uneven weight and uneven breaking strength tests were carried out on the staple fiber slivers and yarns, and the CV% of the slivers was 2.3%, which was 24% lower than that of the slivers prepared by the traditional method; the CV% of the yarn evenness prepared by the device of the present invention was 12.08%, which was 16.1% lower than that of the yarn; the coefficient of variation of the yarn breaking strength was 11.59%, which was 14.1% lower than that of the yarn.

[0094] Embodiment 5:

[0095] The yarn is prepared by a filament one-step spinning preparation method, as follows:

[0096] 75D / 72F polyester filament bundles were selected as raw materials, 5 polyester filament bundles 1 were fed simultaneously, 3 scattered fiber rollers were used, AC2525x01360 type carding needle clothing was selected, the tension coefficient of scattered fiber tension F12 was 0.98, the tension coefficient of carding fiber tension F23 was 1.14, and the appropriate cutter roller 14 was selected to obtain polyester staple fibers with a cut length of 38 mm. The cutting distance was set to 34 mm, the negative pressure at the fiber cutting point 17 was 23 mbar, and the tension coefficient of the fiber cutting tension F34 was 1.03. The cut staple fibers directly entered the spinning unit B20 to form a short-process spinning device. Trial spinning was carried out in the device to prepare 40tex yarn.

[0097] The yarn evenness CV% prepared by the device of the present invention is 9.4%, which is 17.8% lower than that of the conventional method; the yarn breaking strength variation coefficient is 11.36, which is 11.2% lower than that of the conventional method.

[0098] The above description is only used to help understand the method of the present invention and its core essence, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. For those skilled in the art in the art, equivalent replacement or change according to the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. In summary, the content of this specification should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

Claims

1. A short-process spinning device, characterized in that: It includes a fiber combing mechanism and a fiber cutting mechanism (8); The fiber dispersing and combing mechanism is used to disperse the delivered filament bundle (1) into a single fiber state through multiple combing to obtain parallel and straight fibers; The fiber cutting mechanism (8) is arranged at the rear side of the fiber scattering and combing mechanism, and comprises a cutting roller (14) and a conveying curtain (15). The cutting roller (14) is located on the upper side of the conveying curtain (15). The cutting roller (14) comprises a cylindrical roller (18) and a spiral blade (19). The spiral blade (19) is spirally arranged on the surface of the cylindrical roller (18). The spiral angle α of the spiral blade (19) is in the range of 0<α<90°. The spiral blade (19) is used to obliquely cut the parallel and straight fiber groups continuously conveyed by the conveying curtain (15) into short fibers.

2. The short-process spinning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A negative pressure zone (16) is provided in the middle of the conveying curtain (15); the point where the cutting knife roller (14) and the conveying curtain (15) are closest to each other is a fiber cutting point (17); the fiber cutting point (17) is located above the negative pressure zone (16), so that the cut point of the fiber is adsorbed by negative pressure; A fourth roller group (9) is arranged on the rear side of the conveying curtain (15), and the distance between the fiber cutting point (17) and the fourth roller group (9) is less than the length of the short fibers after cutting.

3. The short-process spinning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A first roller group (2) and a traverse device (3) are also arranged on the front side of the scattered fiber combing mechanism; the traverse device (3) is arranged on the rear side of the first roller group (2) and is used to cause the filament bundle (1) transported by the first roller group (2) to perform lateral displacement and swing during the transport process.

4. The short-process spinning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The fiber spreading and combing mechanism comprises a fiber spreading roller group (4) and a fiber combing roller (6); the fiber spreading roller group (4) is arranged on the rear side of the traverse device (3); a second roller group (5) is arranged on the rear side of the fiber spreading roller group (4); the fiber combing roller (6) is arranged on the rear side of the second roller group (5); and a third roller group (7) is arranged on the rear side of the fiber combing roller (6).

5. The short-process spinning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fiber spreading roller group (4) comprises fiber spreading rollers, and the number of the fiber spreading rollers is set to 1 to 8; The surface of the fiber dispersion roller is provided with convex points and pores, and the convex points and pores are staggeredly distributed in a ratio of 1 to 50:

1.

6. The short-process spinning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: The fiber combing roller (6) is a roller with a surface covered with card clothing.

7. The short-process spinning device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: It also includes a bundler (10), which is arranged on the rear side of the fourth roller group (9), and is an axisymmetric structure designed with partitions, and is used to group the short fibers into short fiber strips (11); A fifth roller group (12) is arranged on the rear side of the buncher (10), and a spinning unit A (13) is arranged on the rear side of the fifth roller group (12). The spinning unit A (13) is one of a rotor spinning unit, a vortex spinning unit, a friction spinning unit, and a ring spinning unit.

8. The short-process spinning device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that: A spinning unit B (20) is arranged at the rear side of the fourth roller group (9), and the spinning unit B (20) is one of a rotor spinning unit without a feeding and combing mechanism, a vortex spinning unit without a drafting mechanism, and a friction spinning unit without a drafting mechanism.

9. A method for preparing filament yarn by spinning in one step using the short-process spinning device as claimed in claim 7, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, determining the number of the filament bundle (1) to be fed, wherein the number of root bundles of the filament bundle (1) ranges from 100 to 5000; S2, selecting the configuration of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller (6), and optimizing the rotation speeds of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller (6); S3. Determine the cutting length and cutting distance of the short fibers, adjust the cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone; S4, selecting a buncher (9) to obtain short fiber strips (11); S5. The short fiber strips (11) enter the spinning unit A (13) to be spun into short fiber yarns.

10. A spinning method for preparing filament yarn in one step by using the short-process spinning device as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: S1, determining the number of filament bundles to be fed, the number of root bundles of the filament bundle (1) ranging from 1 to 99; S2, selecting the configuration of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller (6), and optimizing the rotation speeds of the fiber spreading roller and the fiber combing roller (6); S3. Determine the cutting length and cutting distance of the short fibers, adjust the cutting tension coefficient, and optimize the negative pressure value of the negative pressure zone; S4. The short fibers are directly fed into the spinning unit B (20) to be spun into short fiber yarns.

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