Method for repairing high and steep slope of mine
By digging planting trench zones on the high and steep slopes of the mine and spraying agar isolation liquid to form an isolation layer and covering the soil improved layer and seeds, the survival difficulties and pollution problems of the mine slopes are solved, and the natural growth and restoration of the slopes are achieved and pollution reduction is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510365957.4
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-26
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
Due to the high and steep slopes of mines, vegetation is difficult to survive due to strong acidic substrates and heavy metal pollution, and the soil erosion and pollution are serious. The existing restoration methods have problems such as high costs, large land occupation, and possible secondary pollution.
Dig the planting trench zone on the slope to be repaired, spray the isolation solution mixed with agar and nutrients to form an isolation layer, cover the soil improvement layer and the in-situ soil layer, and spray the shrub seeds, and finally remove the membrane for natural growth and repair.
By forming an isolation layer of composite gel structure, it isolates the barren and polluted soil at the bottom, provides nutritional conditions, promotes the growth of shrub seeds, achieves natural growth and restoration of slopes, slows soil erosion, and reduces heavy metal pollution.
Smart Images
Figure CN119981098A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of environmental ecological management, and in particular to a method for repairing high and steep slopes in mines. Background Art
[0002] Jiangxi Province is a major mining province in the south, rich in mineral resources. Among the 45 major minerals that have a significant impact on the national economy, Jiangxi Province has 36 types and 850 mineral deposits. However, due to insufficient economic technology and understanding of the geological environment of mines, the ecological geological environment of Jiangxi Province has been greatly damaged in the process of mineral resource development, especially when developing metal mines such as copper, iron, and potash, as well as stone and coal mines, which are strongly acidic base mines. The substandard discharge of waste slag and wastewater and unscientific development methods have damaged vegetation, causing soil erosion and soil pollution. In the absence of vegetation coverage, the rock mass of mines and tailings is prone to rock fractures or interlayer fissures, and strong alteration of surrounding rocks. In particular, when metal sulfur minerals are mixed in the rock mass or rock mass, under long-term exposure conditions, the sulfur minerals are in contact with the air for a long time, and then undergo redox reactions after being leached by rainwater, resulting in the precipitation of a large amount of sulfur elements from the cracks in the rock into the runoff. The acidic runoff further leaches the toxic heavy metal ions in the rock mass, forming a typical heavy metal-contaminated acidic rock slope, which further aggravates the alteration of the surrounding rock. The pollutants are easily polluted and diffused with the surface water, causing the surrounding farmland and waters to be polluted. Therefore, this type of strongly acidic base mining environment is in urgent need of greening and governance. The high and steep slopes in the present invention are acidic rocks with exposed slopes, the pH value of the leachate is between 2.8-5.4, and the slope is above 45°-50°. Non-strongly acid-resistant plants cannot survive, which is a damaged and polluting environmental state.
[0003] At present, scholars at home and abroad mainly focus on physical remediation, chemical remediation, and biological remediation for post-mining mine restoration. At present, physical remediation is widely used in mine restoration in my country because of its advantages of simple operation and not easy to cause other negative effects, but it also has certain limitations. Among them, the scope of use of isolation method is limited, and the cost of soil replacement and covering methods is high, occupying a large amount of land; chemical remediation technology mainly uses water or chemical reagents to leach heavy metals in the soil, promote the decomposition of heavy metals, and may cause secondary pollution to the soil; biological remediation technology mainly includes three aspects: plant remediation, animal remediation, and microbial remediation. Among them, plant remediation is the technology with the best application prospects in the ecological restoration of metal mines, but due to the poor structure of mine soil, nutrient loss and heavy metal toxicity, as well as strong acidity and lack of soil barren conditions, it is very difficult to restore vegetation. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a new solution to improve the above problems. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the invention is to provide a method for repairing high and steep slopes in mines.
[0005] The invention provides a method for repairing a high and steep mine slope, comprising: digging planting strips and furrows on the slope to be repaired; heating and melting agar and stirring and mixing with a nutrient agent to obtain an isolation liquid, and spraying the isolation liquid into the planting strips and furrows to cool and solidify to obtain an isolation layer; sequentially covering the isolation layer with a soil improvement layer and an in-situ soil layer and then sowing shrub seeds; after film-covered growth and spraying with a growth-promoting liquid, removing the film after 4-6 weeks for natural growth repair.
[0006] The restoration method provided by the present invention first digs planting strips and ditches on the slope to be restored, which not only provides planting sites for ecological restoration, but also forms a gradient structure on the slope, which is beneficial to ecological restoration of the slope, and at the same time increases the surface roughness of the slope to slow down soil erosion (the lost soil and water will first fill the planting strips and ditches); after the isolation liquid is sprayed in the planting strips and ditches and cooled, it can form a composite gel structure with the soil, thereby isolating the influence of the poor and polluted soil at the bottom on the initial stage of ecological restoration, and at the same time the nutrient solution in the agar is beneficial to ecological restoration.
[0007] Optionally, the soil improvement layer is composed of a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner includes a matrix and a carrier mixed in the matrix, and the carrier includes modified quartz powder and composite bacteria loaded on the modified quartz powder.
[0008] Optionally, the composite bacteria includes one of Coxiella CCTCC AB 206106, Coxiella CCTCC AB207438, and Oceanobacillus CCTCC AB 2010425.
[0009] Optionally, the preparation method of the support body comprises: mixing and dispersing quartz powder and an active agent in ethanol and drying to obtain modified quartz powder, and stirring and dispersing the modified quartz powder and an activated composite bacterial liquid to obtain the support body.
[0010] Optionally, the particle size of the quartz powder is 0.01mm-0.1mm.
[0011] Optionally, the activator includes one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, and an aluminate coupling agent.
[0012] Optionally, the quartz powder and the active agent are mixed and dispersed in ethanol at 50° C.-60° C.
[0013] Optionally, the mass ratio of the quartz powder to the active agent is 1:(0.01-0.1).
[0014] Optionally, the inoculation amount of the composite bacteria on the modified quartz powder is 5%-10%.
[0015] Optionally, the matrix includes one of biochar, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, porous ceramics, fly ash, and slag.
[0016] Optionally, the number of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is 10 7 CFU / mL-10 8 CFU / mL.
[0017] Optionally, the mass fraction of the carrier in the soil conditioner is 20%-30%.
[0018] Optionally, the spray density of the spacer liquid is 1 mL / cm 2 -10mL / cm 2 .
[0019] Optionally, the covering thickness of the soil improvement layer is 0.5cm-2cm.
[0020] Optionally, the cover thickness of the in-situ soil layer is 5cm-10cm.
[0021] Optionally, the molding thickness of the isolation layer is 1 cm-10 cm.
[0022] Optionally, the concentration of the nutrient agent in the isolation liquid is 5%-15%.
[0023] Optionally, the nutritional agent comprises meat infusion.
[0024] Optionally, the slope to be repaired has a slope of 60°-85°.
[0025] Optionally, a plurality of planting strips are opened on the slope to be repaired, and the planting strips are opened in a direction perpendicular to the slope, and the spacing between the plurality of planting strips is 30cm-80cm.
[0026] Optionally, the slope to be repaired is a copper mine slope or an iron mine slope.
[0027] Optionally, the shrub seeds include one of seabuckthorn seeds, Salix matsudana seeds, Lespedeza seeds, Coriaria officinalis seeds, and Photinia fraseri seeds.
[0028] Optionally, the seeding density of the shrub seeds is 50 seeds / m 2 -80 pieces / m 2 .
[0029] Optionally, the growth promoting solution includes a gibberellin solution, a cytokinin solution, an auxin solution, and a nutrient solution. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0030] Figure 1 A flowchart of a method for repairing a high and steep slope in a mine provided by the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention. Unless otherwise defined, the technical terms or scientific terms used herein should be the common meanings understood by people with general skills in the field to which the present invention belongs.
[0032] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a method for repairing a high and steep slope in a mine, comprising the following steps:
[0033] S1. Dig planting strips on the slope to be repaired;
[0034] S2, heating and melting agar and stirring and mixing with a nutrient agent to obtain an isolation liquid, and spraying the isolation liquid into the planting strip groove belt to cool and solidify to obtain an isolation layer;
[0035] S3, sequentially covering the soil improvement layer and the in-situ soil layer on the isolation layer, and then spraying shrub seeds;
[0036] S4. After the film is covered and growth is completed, spray the growth promoting liquid, and then remove the film 4-6 weeks later for natural growth and repair.
[0037] In fact, when digging the planting strips in step S1, multiple planting strips can be dug horizontally on the slope to be repaired, so that a gradient structure can be formed on the slope to be repaired, which can not only prevent soil erosion, but also provide an operating basis for ecological restoration. Specifically, when digging the planting strips, the spacing between adjacent planting strips is 30cm-80cm.
[0038] In some embodiments, the slope of the slope to be repaired in step S1 is 60°-85°. In fact, the slope of the slope to be repaired is related to the excavation width of the planting strip ditch belt. When the slope of the slope to be repaired is larger and steeper, the excavation width of the planting strip ditch belt can be increased to enable better operation during ecological restoration. Specifically, the width of the planting strip ditch belt can be 50cm-100cm. Specifically, the slope to be repaired can be one of a copper mine slope and an iron mine slope.
[0039] In fact, after the agar is heated and melted and stirred and mixed with the nutrient agent in step S2, the concentration of the nutrient agent in the obtained isolation liquid is 5%-15%. Specifically, the nutrient agent used includes meat extract. In fact, by mixing agar and the nutrient agent to form an isolation liquid, a composite isolation layer can be formed with the soil in the planting strip groove after cooling and solidification, which can not only isolate the heavy metal soil at the bottom, but also provide nutrients for ecological restoration.
[0040] In some embodiments, the spraying density of the isolation liquid in step S2 is 1 mL / cm 2 -10mL / cm 2 In fact, when spraying the isolation liquid in the planting strips and grooves, it is mainly sprayed on the bottom and sides of the planting strips and grooves, so that the isolation liquid can evenly penetrate into the inside of the planting strips and grooves, thereby forming a uniform and complete isolation layer. Specifically, the molding thickness of the isolation layer in the planting strips and grooves is 1cm-10cm, and the molding thickness of the isolation layer is the distance from the bottom to the top of the isolation layer.
[0041] In fact, in step S3, the thickness of the soil improvement layer on the isolation layer is 0.5 cm-2 cm, and the thickness of the in-situ soil layer is 5 cm-10 cm. Specifically, the in-situ soil layer is necessary to be able to fill the planting strips and trenches, and to make the top of the in-situ soil layer lower than the surface of the gap of the planting strips and trenches. Specifically, the in-situ soil layer is the soil excavated when digging the planting strips and trenches and mixed with normal soil in a volume ratio of 1:1.
[0042] In some embodiments, the soil improvement layer is composed of a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner includes a matrix and a carrier mixed in the matrix, and the carrier includes modified quartz powder and composite bacteria loaded on the modified quartz powder. In fact, the matrix and the carrier can be used in the soil improvement layer to cooperate, not only to form a pore structure with rich gas, but also to utilize the growth of composite bacteria on the surface of the isolation layer, thereby improving the heavy metal environment in the planting strip ditch.
[0043] Specifically, the preparation method of the support body used is as follows: quartz powder and an active agent are mixed and dispersed in ethanol and then dried to obtain modified quartz powder, and the modified quartz powder and the activated composite bacteria liquid are stirred and dispersed to obtain the support body. In fact, the composite bacteria used include one of Coxiella CCTCC AB 206106, Coxiella CCTCC AB 207438, and Oceania CCTCC AB 2010425. In fact, by performing surface activation treatment on the quartz powder, the loading performance of the composite bacteria can be further improved, which is beneficial to increase the loading amount of the composite bacteria and protect it.
[0044] In some embodiments, the quartz powder used has a particle size of 0.01 mm-0.1 mm, and the active agent includes one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, and an aluminate coupling agent. At the same time, the quartz powder and the active agent can be mixed and dispersed in ethanol at 50° C.-60° C. in a mass ratio of 1:(0.01-0.1). Specifically, the inoculation amount of the composite bacteria on the modified quartz powder is 5%-10%.
[0045] In some embodiments, the matrix used includes one of biochar, diatomaceous earth, zeolite, porous ceramics, fly ash, and slag, and the number of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is 10 7 CFU / mL-10 8 CFU / mL, the mass fraction of the carrier in the soil conditioner is 20%-30%.
[0046] In some embodiments, the shrub seeds used in step S4 include one of sea buckthorn seeds, willow seeds, lespedeza seeds, corrifolia seeds, and photinia seeds, and the spraying density of the shrub seeds is 50 seeds / m 2 -80 pieces / m 2 The growth promoting solution used includes gibberellin solution, cytokinin solution, auxin solution and nutrient solution.
[0047] Preparation Example 1
[0048] Preparation Example 1 provides a method for preparing a support, comprising the following steps: mixing 100 parts of quartz powder with a particle size of 0.01 mm and 1.5 parts of silane coupling agent KH560, and then dispersing them in an 85% ethanol solution; stirring and reacting at 55° C. for 1.5 hours, filtering, and drying to obtain modified quartz powder; diluting the diluted composite bacterial solution (the number of viable bacteria is 10 8 CFU / mL) was added into the modified quartz powder and mixed evenly, and then the solvent was evaporated at low temperature to obtain a carrier; wherein the inoculation amount of the composite bacteria on the modified quartz powder was 8%.
[0049] Example 1
[0050] This embodiment 1 provides a method for repairing a high and steep slope (85°) in a mine, comprising the following steps:
[0051] S1. Find a slope with an average slope of 85° in a subway mine in Xinyu, Jiangxi Province, and dig five planting strips (depth 15cm, width 80cm, length 3m) horizontally and parallel on the slope, and the planting strips are in an inverted cone shape;
[0052] S2. Heat and melt agar and stir with meat extract to obtain an isolation solution with a meat extract concentration of 12%. Spray the isolation solution in the planting strips while it is hot, and control the spraying density to 8 mL / cm 2The spraying range is the bottom and side of the planting strips and furrows. After cooling and solidification, an isolation layer is formed in the soil at the bottom of the planting strips and furrows. The average thickness is 5cm.
[0053] S3, sequentially covering the isolation layer with a soil improvement layer and an in-situ soil layer (soil obtained by mixing the excavated soil and normal soil in a volume ratio of 1:1), and controlling the thickness of the soil improvement layer to be 1.5 cm and the thickness of the in-situ soil layer to be 10 cm; the soil improvement layer includes 25% of the support and the remainder of diatomaceous earth;
[0054] S4. After sowing the seeds of Salix matsudana on the surface of the in situ soil layer, the soil layer was covered with a film and sprayed with a gibberellin solution and a cytokinin solution for growth. After 6 weeks, the film was removed to observe the growth and development of the seeds, and the heavy metal content at the bottom of the planting strips was tested to see if it decreased. The structure is shown in Table 1 below.
[0055] Comparative Example 1
[0056] This comparative example 1 provides a method for repairing a high and steep slope (85°) in a mine. The difference from Example 1 is that step S2 is not performed, and the soil improvement layer and the in-situ soil layer are directly covered in the planting strip ditch.
[0057] Comparative Example 2
[0058] This comparative example 2 provides a method for repairing a high and steep slope (85°) in a mine, which is different from example 1 in that the soil improvement layer is not covered.
[0059] Table 1 Mine restoration results
[0060] Whether the seeds have germinated Whether the seedlings grow Is the heavy metal content reduced? Example 1 Normal germination Normal growth decline Comparative Example 1 Ungerminated \ Unchanged Comparative Example 2 Ungerminated \ Unchanged
[0061] Although the embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, it is obvious to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to these embodiments. However, it should be understood that such modifications and variations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention as described in the claims. Moreover, the present invention described herein may have other embodiments and may be implemented or realized in a variety of ways.
Claims
1. A method for repairing a high and steep slope in a mine, characterized in that: include: Dig planting strips on the slope to be repaired; heat and melt agar and mix it with nutrients to obtain an isolation liquid, and spray the isolation liquid into the planting strips and allow it to cool and solidify to obtain an isolation layer; cover the isolation layer with a soil improvement layer and an in-situ soil layer in sequence, and then sow shrub seeds; after film-covered growth, spray growth-promoting liquid, and remove the film after 4-6 weeks for natural growth repair.
2. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The soil improvement layer is composed of a soil conditioner, and the soil conditioner includes a matrix and a carrier mixed in the matrix, the carrier includes modified quartz powder and composite bacteria loaded on the modified quartz powder; the composite bacteria includes one of Coxiella CCTCC AB 206106, Coxiella CCTCC AB 207438, and Oceanobacillus CCTCC AB 2010425.
3. The repair method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The preparation method of the carrier comprises: mixing and dispersing quartz powder and an active agent in ethanol and drying to obtain modified quartz powder; stirring and dispersing the modified quartz powder and activated composite bacterial liquid to obtain the carrier.
4. The repair method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The particle size of the quartz powder is 0.01mm-0.1mm; and / or, the active agent includes one of a silane coupling agent, a titanate coupling agent, and an aluminate coupling agent; and / or, the quartz powder and the active agent are mixed and dispersed in ethanol at 50°C-60°C; and / or, the mass ratio of the quartz powder to the active agent is 1:(0.01-0.1); and / or, the inoculation amount of the composite bacteria on the modified quartz powder is 5%-10%.
5. The repair method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The matrix includes one of biochar, diatomite, zeolite, porous ceramics, fly ash, and slag; and / or the number of viable bacteria in the composite bacterial solution is 10 7 CFU / mL-10 8 CFU / mL; and / or, the mass fraction of the carrier in the soil conditioner is 20%-30%.
6. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The spray density of the isolation liquid is 1mL / cm 2 -10mL / cm 2 ; and / or, the covering thickness of the soil improvement layer is 0.5cm-2cm; and / or, the covering thickness of the in-situ soil layer is 5cm-10cm; and / or, the molding thickness of the isolation layer is 1cm-10cm; and / or, the concentration of the nutrient agent in the isolation liquid is 5%-15%; and / or, the nutrient agent includes meat extract.
7. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The slope to be repaired has a slope of 60°-85°; and / or, a plurality of planting strips are opened on the slope to be repaired, and the planting strips are opened in a direction perpendicular to the slope, and the spacing between the plurality of planting strips is 30cm-80cm; and / or, the slope to be repaired is a copper mine slope or an iron mine slope.
8. The repair method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shrub seeds include one of seabuckthorn seeds, willow seeds, lespedeza seeds, corrifolia seeds, and photinia seeds; and / or the spraying density of the shrub seeds is 50 seeds / m 2 -80 pieces / m 2 ; and / or, the growth promoting solution includes gibberellin solution, cytokinin solution, auxin solution, and nutrient solution.