Gas heat sink and dilution refrigerator

Abstract

The invention provides a gas heat sink and a dilution refrigerator, and relates to the technical field of heat exchange and dilution refrigerators. The gas heat sink comprises a shell, a plurality of flow guide plates and a plurality of partition plates. The two opposite ends of the shell are provided with an input port and an output port which are communicated with the outside. The multiple flow guide plates are arranged in the shell at intervals in the height direction of the shell, and multiple through grooves extending in the length direction of the shell are formed in the flow guide plates. And each guide plate is clamped between two adjacent partition plates and is suitable for enclosing the middle part of the through groove to form a first flow channel. The side wall, facing the input port, of the partition plate and the flow guide plate define a second flow channel communicating with the input port, and the first flow channel communicates with the second flow channel. Wherein the second flow channel is constructed to guide gas input from the input port to enter the multiple first flow channels through multiple times of diffusion in the height direction of the shell, and the shell is constructed to exchange heat with the gas through the flow guide plate and the partition plate and transmit heat to an external cold source.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of heat exchange and dilution refrigerators, and more specifically, to a gas heat sink and a dilution refrigerator. Background Art

[0002] Dilution refrigerator is a refrigeration device that uses the phase separation characteristics of helium-3 and helium-4 mixture to achieve extremely low temperatures (usually below 100mK). Its core principle is based on helium-3 ( 3 He) in helium-4 ( 4 The solubility of He in water decreases with decreasing temperature. In a dilution refrigerator, 3 He- 4 The He mixture is placed in a closed circulation system. The system usually includes key components such as a mixing chamber, a distiller, a condenser, and a heat exchanger. When the temperature of the mixture drops below about 0.87 K, 3 He and 4 He will undergo phase separation, forming a concentrated phase with a higher He concentration and a dilute phase with a lower He concentration. Since the chemical potential of He atoms in the dilute phase is higher than that in the concentrated phase, He atoms will pass through the phase interface from the concentrated phase into the dilute phase. This process requires the absorption of heat, thereby achieving a cooling effect.

[0003] In order to maintain continuous refrigeration, the dilution refrigerator dilutes the liquid into the dilution phase by distillation. 3 He atoms are re-extracted and circulated back into the mixing chamber, forming a continuous refrigeration cycle. By optimizing the design and operating conditions, the dilution refrigerator can achieve an extremely low temperature environment as low as a few millikelvin. Dilution refrigerators are widely used in extremely low temperature experimental research in the fields of condensed matter physics, quantum computing, astrophysics, etc. due to their advantages such as high efficiency, stability, and vibration-free. In recent years, with the rapid development of quantum information science, dilution refrigerators, as key equipment for realizing and maintaining the extremely low temperature environment required for quantum bit superconducting circuits, have received increasing attention and research.

[0004] However, the performance of the dilution refrigerator is affected by many factors, and heat leakage is one of the main factors. Heat leakage mainly comes from solid conduction, gas conduction, and thermal radiation. During the operation of the dilution refrigerator, 3 After the He vapor is extracted, it is at room temperature. Even after throttling and cooling, it will have a significant impact on the temperature of the mixing chamber. 3 After He vapor is liquefied, 3 He solution undergoes multi-stage continuous heat exchange, but the amount of heat leakage reduced by this method is currently limited by the heat exchanger structure and heat exchange position and is difficult to further increase. Therefore, how to further reduce the heat leakage of the dilution refrigerator has become a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a gas heat sink and a dilution refrigerator, which can expand the internal gas diffusion range, reduce the flow channel cross-sectional area, improve the heat exchange efficiency, and reduce the heat leakage during the operation of the dilution refrigerator.

[0006] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present invention provides a gas heat sink, including a shell, wherein an input port and an output port connected to the outside are provided at opposite ends; a plurality of guide plates are arranged in the shell at intervals along the height direction of the shell, and a plurality of through grooves extending along the length direction of the shell are provided on the guide plates; a plurality of partitions, each of the guide plates is sandwiched between two adjacent partitions, and is suitable for blocking the middle part of the through groove to form a first flow channel, and the side walls of the partitions facing the input ports and the guide plates define a second flow channel connected to the input port, and connect the first flow channel with the second flow channel; the second flow channel is configured to guide the gas input from the input port to enter the plurality of first flow channels after multiple diffusions along the height direction of the shell, and the shell is configured to exchange heat with the gas through the guide plates and the partitions, and transfer the heat to an external cold source.

[0007] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the guide plate has a first main body portion forming the through groove, and a flared portion extending from the first main body portion to both sides along the length direction of the shell to form a flared portion for diffusing or converging gas along the width direction of the shell.

[0008] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flared portion is configured to extend from two opposite sides of the first main body portion in the width direction of the shell respectively along the length direction of the shell and approach each other to form a flared structure at the end.

[0009] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the partition plate has a second main body portion for enclosing the through groove, and a partition portion extending from the second main body portion to both sides along the length direction of the shell and for enclosing the flared portion to form a flared flow channel.

[0010] According to an embodiment of the present invention, an avoidance notch is provided on the partition portion, and is arranged opposite to the input port in the width direction of the shell, so as to reduce resistance during the input of the gas.

[0011] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the input port is arranged opposite to the flared portion in the width direction of the housing.

[0012] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the plurality of through slots are distributed at intervals along the width direction of the housing.

[0013] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the shell includes: a main body, which is formed with a receiving cavity, and the guide plate and the partition are arranged in the receiving cavity; and a cover body, which is buckled on the main body to close the receiving cavity.

[0014] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a sealing member is sandwiched between the main body and the cover body. The sealing member is made of metal indium and is adapted to deform under the compression of the cover body and the main body to seal the gap between the cover body and the main body.

[0015] The present invention also provides a dilution refrigerator, comprising: a mixing chamber, wherein the mixing chamber stores a 3 The He-concentrated phase and the lower 3 He dilution phase, above 3 The He-enriched phase is configured to respond to the above 3 He dilution phase 3 The concentration of He decreases to the above 3 He dilution phase compensates He and absorbs surrounding heat to perform refrigeration; the evaporation chamber and the mixing chamber 3 He dilution connection, suitable for 3 He in the form of vapor 3 He dilution phase separation; transfer pump group, suitable for 3 He vapor is extracted from the above evaporation chamber; a gas heat sink such as the one in any of the above embodiments is used to receive the gas from the above transmission pump group 3 He vapor, and 3 He steam is precooled; the throttling device is configured to 3 He vapor is throttled adiabatically to make 3 The He vapor liquefies and flows back to the mixing chamber.

[0016] In the gas heat sink and dilution refrigerator provided by the present invention, the guide plates and the partitions are alternately stacked in the shell along the height direction of the shell, a plurality of through grooves are provided on the guide plate, and two partitions adjacent to the guide plate block the middle part of the through grooves to form a first flow channel; at the same time, the side wall facing the partition and the input port and the second flow channel connected to the input port defined by the guide plate are used to guide the input gas to enter the plurality of first flow channels through the ends of the through grooves not blocked by the partitions after multiple diffusions along the height direction of the shell, so that the gas is diffused to as many microchannels as possible while realizing microchannel heat exchange, thereby effectively increasing the heat exchange area, improving the heat exchange efficiency, and reducing the heat leakage in the working process of the dilution refrigerator. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention;

[0018] Figure 2 is a plan view of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention, with the cover removed;

[0019] Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a gas heat sink provided by the present invention;

[0020] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle;

[0021] Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention at another angle;

[0022] Figure 6 is a simplified schematic diagram of the gas flow inside the gas heat sink provided by the present invention;

[0023] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention, mainly showing the guide plate and the partition plate;

[0024] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the dilution refrigerator provided by the present invention;

[0025] Fig. 9 is a first-view stereoscopic diagram of the throttling device provided by the present invention;

[0026] Fig.10 is a second perspective stereoscopic diagram of the throttling device provided by the present invention;

[0027] Fig.11 is a side view of a throttling device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Fig.12 yes Fig.11 Cross-sectional view in the BB direction.

[0029] In the drawings, the meanings of the reference numerals are as follows:

[0030] 1. Shell;

[0031] 11. Input port;

[0032] 12. Output port;

[0033] 13. Subject;

[0034] 14. Cover body;

[0035] 15. Seals;

[0036] 2. Guide plate;

[0037] 21. a first main body;

[0038] 211, through slot;

[0039] 22. Expansion part;

[0040] 3. Partition;

[0041] 31. Second main body;

[0042] 32. separator;

[0043] 321. Avoid gaps;

[0044] 4. First flow channel;

[0045] 5. Second flow channel;

[0046] 6. Mixing chamber;

[0047] 7. Evaporation chamber;

[0048] 8. Transmission pump set;

[0049] 9. Gas heat sink;

[0050] 10. Throttling device;

[0051] 101, supporting body;

[0052] 102. Gas pipelines;

[0053] 103, first rod portion;

[0054] 104, second rod portion;

[0055] 105. A first limiting member;

[0056] 106. A second limiting member. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0057] Below, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, it should be understood that these descriptions are exemplary only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the following detailed description, for ease of explanation, many specific details are set forth to provide a comprehensive understanding of embodiments of the present invention. However, it is apparent that one or more embodiments may also be implemented without these specific details. In addition, in the following description, descriptions of known structures and technologies are omitted to avoid unnecessary confusion of concepts of the present invention.

[0058] The terms used herein are only for describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The terms "comprise", "include", etc. used herein indicate the existence of the features, steps, operations and / or components, but do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other features, steps, operations or components.

[0059] All terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the meanings commonly understood by those skilled in the art unless otherwise defined. It should be noted that the terms used herein should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with the context of this specification and should not be interpreted in an idealized or overly rigid manner.

[0060] When using expressions such as "at least one of A, B, and C, etc.", they should generally be interpreted according to the meaning of the expression commonly understood by those skilled in the art (for example, "a system having at least one of A, B, and C" should include but is not limited to a system having A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B, A and C, B and C, and / or A, B, C, etc.).

[0061] Figure 1 is an overall schematic diagram of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention, Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention, with the cover removed. Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention, Figure 4 yes Figure 3 The enlarged view of point A in the middle. Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention from another angle. Figure 6 It is a simplified schematic diagram of the gas flow inside the gas heat sink provided by the present invention.

[0062] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention provides a gas heat sink, such as Figures 1 to 6 As shown, it includes a shell 1, a plurality of guide plates 2 and a plurality of partitions 3. An input port 11 and an output port 12 connected to the outside are provided at opposite ends of the shell 1. A plurality of guide plates 2 are arranged in the shell 1 at intervals along the height direction of the shell 1, and a plurality of through grooves 211 extending along the length direction of the shell 1 are provided on the guide plates 2. Each guide plate 2 is sandwiched between two adjacent partitions 3, and is suitable for blocking the middle part of the through groove 211 to form a first flow channel 4. The side wall of the partition 3 facing the input port 11 and the guide plate 2 define a second flow channel 5 connected to the input port 11, and the first flow channel 4 is connected to the second flow channel 5. Among them, the second flow channel 5 is configured to guide the gas input from the input port 11 to enter the plurality of first flow channels 4 after multiple diffusions along the height direction of the shell 1, and the shell 1 is configured to exchange heat with the gas through the guide plates 2 and the partitions 3, and transfer the heat to the external cold source.

[0063] In such an embodiment, the shell 1 is a sealed shell, and the gas carrying more heat enters from the input port 11, and after heat exchange with the guide plate 2 and the partition 3, the cooling gas is output through the output port 12. The heat of the guide plate 2 and the partition 3 is transferred to the external cold source through heat exchange with the shell 1 to achieve continuous cooling of the gas. Specifically, inside the shell 1, the guide plate 2 and the partition 3 are alternately stacked along the height direction of the shell 1, and a plurality of through grooves 211 are provided on the guide plate 2. The two partitions 3 adjacent to the guide plate 2 block the middle part of the through grooves 211 to form a first flow channel 4; at the same time, the side wall facing the partition 3 and the input port 11, and the second flow channel 5 defined by the guide plate 2 and connected to the input port 11 are irregularly shaped flow channels, such as Figure 6 As shown, the input gas can be guided to diffuse multiple times along the height direction of the shell 1, and then enter the multiple first flow channels 4 through the ends of the through grooves 211 that are not blocked by the partition 3. In this way, not only the multiple first flow channels 4 are utilized to reduce the cross-sectional area of ​​the flow channels and the thickness of the boundary layer, but also the diffusion range of the gas is effectively improved, the heat exchange area is increased, and the heat exchange efficiency is improved.

[0064] Furthermore, in a dilution refrigerator, the gas heat sink is used to 3 He steam is pre-cooled and other heat exchangers are used to 3 The continuous multi-stage heat exchange of He solution not only increases the number of heat exchange stages on the original basis, but also improves the heat exchange efficiency through structural optimization, further reducing 3 The heat carried by the He solution when it returns to the mixing chamber.

[0065] refer to Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the length direction of the housing 1 is parallel to the line connecting the input port 11 and the output port 12. The width direction of the housing 1 is perpendicular to the line connecting the input port 11 and the output port 12, that is, the arrangement direction of the plurality of through slots 211 on the guide plate 2. The height direction of the housing 1 is perpendicular to both the length direction of the housing 1 and the width direction of the housing 1.

[0066] In an embodiment of the present invention, the materials of the guide plate 2, the partition plate 3 and the shell 1 include but are not limited to copper. In the extremely low temperature field such as dilution refrigerator, oxygen-free copper is preferably used to obtain higher stability and thermal conductivity.

[0067] In some other embodiments, the thickness of the guide plate 2 is greater than the thickness of the partition plate 3 to reduce the resistance of the gas flowing in the first flow channel 4 .

[0068] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the explosion of the gas heat sink provided by the present invention, mainly showing the guide plate and the partition.

[0069] In an exemplary embodiment, Figures 4 to 7As shown, the guide plate 2 has a first main body portion 21 forming a through groove 211 , and a flared portion 22 extending from the first main body portion 21 to both sides along the length direction of the shell 1 to form a diffuser or convergent gas along the width direction of the shell 1 .

[0070] In such an embodiment, the first main body 21 of the guide plate 2 is configured as a rectangular plate, and a plurality of through grooves 211 extending along the length direction of the housing 1 are provided on the rectangular plate. The flared portion 22 extends from the first main body 21 to both sides along the length direction of the housing 1, and the side close to the input port 11 is used to guide the input gas to diffuse along the width direction of the housing 1, and the side close to the output port 12 is used to guide the gas to converge toward the output port 12 along the width direction of the housing 1.

[0071] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the flared portion 22 is configured to extend from two opposite sides of the first main portion 21 in the width direction of the housing 1 respectively along the length direction of the housing 1 and approach each other to form a flared structure at the end.

[0072] In such an embodiment, the first main body 21, i.e., the side of the rectangular plate close to the input port 11 is used as an example for explanation, the flared portion 22 extends from the two sides of the rectangular plate directly opposite in the width direction of the shell 1, i.e., a set of longer sides, respectively along the length direction of the shell 1, and then approaches each other along the width direction of the shell 1, and cooperates at the end to form a flared structure, so that the gas can diffuse along the width direction of the shell 1 after entering from the input port 11. Based on the same principle, the flared portion 22 on the side of the rectangular plate close to the output port 12 has the same structure, which is suitable for guiding the gas after heat exchange cooling to gradually converge to the output port 12 along the width direction of the shell 1.

[0073] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Figures 4 to 7 As shown, the partition plate 3 has a second main body portion 31 for enclosing the through groove 211 , and a partition portion 32 extending from the second main body portion 31 to both sides along the length direction of the shell 1 for enclosing the flared portion 22 to form a flared flow channel.

[0074] In such an embodiment, the second main body 31 of the partition plate 3 is also constructed as a rectangular plate, which is a solid structure, and the length of the shell 1 is less than the length of the shell 1 of the through groove 211, and is located in the approximate middle position of the through groove 211, so as to leave two ends for the first flow channel 4 and the second flow channel 5 to communicate. The partitioning parts 32 extend from a set of longer side edges of the rectangular plate along the length direction of the shell 1 by the same length of the shell 1 as the flared part 22, and then approach and combine with each other along the width direction of the shell 1, so as to separate the flared parts 22 of the adjacent flow channel plates 2 in the height direction of the shell 1, forming an independent flared flow channel, which is conducive to the diffusion of gas along the height direction of the shell 1.

[0075] Further according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 and Figure 7 As shown, the partition 32 is provided with an avoidance notch 321 , which is arranged opposite to the input port 11 in the width direction of the housing 1 , and is suitable for reducing resistance during gas input.

[0076] In such an embodiment, the avoidance notch 321 leaves a distance between the side wall of the partition 32 facing the input port 11 and the input port 11, so as to prevent the gas from directly impacting the side wall, causing excessive resistance and accumulating at the input port 11. However, the avoidance notch 321 does not disconnect the partition 32, and still maintains the expansion flow channel formed with the expansion portion 22.

[0077] In an exemplary embodiment, the input port 11 is disposed opposite to the flared portion 22 in the width direction of the housing 1 .

[0078] In such an embodiment, the input port 11 and the expanded portion 22 are arranged opposite to each other in the width direction of the housing 1, which facilitates the input of gas. Figure 2 As shown, the input port 11 and the flared portion 22 are located on the symmetry axis of the housing 1 along the length direction of the housing 1 .

[0079] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 7 As shown, a plurality of through slots 211 are distributed at intervals along the width direction of the housing 1 .

[0080] In such an embodiment, a plurality of through grooves 211 extend along the length direction of the shell 1 and are arranged at intervals along the width direction of the shell 1, so as to cooperate with the partition 3 to form densely arranged first flow channels 4. When the gas enters the shell 1 from the input port 11, after multiple diffusions, it fully exchanges heat with the guide plate 2 and the partition 3 through the plurality of first flow channels 4, and is discharged through the output port 12 after heat exchange. The heat accumulated by the shell 1, the guide plate 2 and the partition 3 is taken away by an external cold source, and the selection of the external cold source depends on the application scenario of the gas heat sink, for example, it can be a flowing low-temperature liquid working medium.

[0081] In an exemplary embodiment, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the housing 1 includes a main body 13 and a cover 14. The main body 13 is formed with a receiving cavity, and the guide plate 2 and the partition plate 3 are arranged in the receiving cavity. The cover 14 is buckled on the main body 13 to close the receiving cavity.

[0082] In such an embodiment, the guide plates 2 and the partition plates 3 are alternately stacked in the accommodating cavity, and the shape of the accommodating cavity is substantially the same as that of the guide plates 2 and the partition plates 3, so that the guide plates 2 and the partition plates 3 can be stably embedded in the accommodating cavity without the aid of a connecting component. In some optional embodiments, the guide plates 2, the partition plates 3 and the housing 1 are interference fit. After the cover 14 is buckled onto the main body 13, it is fastened by bolts to ensure the sealing performance of the gas heat sink.

[0083] In some other embodiments, a boss is formed on the lower surface of the cover body 14, that is, the surface facing the main body 13 when buckled. When the cover body 14 is buckled to the main body 13, the boss is embedded in the accommodating cavity to further ensure the sealing performance.

[0084] According to an embodiment of the present invention, a seal 15 is sandwiched between the main body 13 and the cover 14 . The seal 15 is made of metal indium and is suitable for deforming under the extrusion of the cover 14 and the main body 13 to seal the gap between the cover 14 and the main body 13 .

[0085] In such an embodiment, the gas heat sink is sealed by using a seal 15 made of metal indium, which improves the sealing performance while also having good corrosion resistance and stability at low temperatures. Since metal indium is soft, sealing can be achieved by extrusion and deformation, which is easy to operate.

[0086] In some other embodiments, the sealing member 15 may also be a gasket made of rubber.

[0087] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the dilution refrigerator provided by the present invention.

[0088] An exemplary embodiment of the present invention further provides a dilution refrigerator, such as Figure 8 As shown, it includes a mixing chamber 6, an evaporation chamber 7, a transmission pump group 8, a throttling device 10 and a gas heat sink 9 as in any of the above embodiments. The mixing chamber 6 stores the gas located at the upper layer. 3 The He-concentrated phase and the lower 3 He dilution phase, 3 The He-enriched phase is configured to respond to 3 He dilution phase 3 The concentration of He decreases to 3 He dilution phase compensation 3 He also absorbs ambient heat to perform cooling. 3 He dilution connection, suitable for 3 He in the form of vapor 3 He dilution phase separation. Transfer pump group 8 is suitable for 3 He vapor is extracted from the evaporation chamber 7. The gas heat sink 9 is used to receive the gas from the transmission pump group 8.3 He vapor, and 3 The throttling device 10 is configured to pre-cool the He vapor. 3 He vapor is throttled adiabatically to make 3 The He vapor liquefies and flows back to the mixing chamber 6.

[0089] In such an embodiment, the mixing chamber 6 stores 3 He concentrated phase (i.e. 3 He solution) and 3 He dilution phase (i.e. 3 He and 4 He mixture), when the evaporation chamber 7 reaches a preset temperature, about 0.6-1K (Kelvin), generally 0.8K, 3 The saturated vapor pressure of He is significantly higher than 4 He is thus selectively evaporated. 3 The He concentration decreases accordingly, and the 3 The He dilute phase will replenish the evaporation chamber 7 3 He, thereby making the mixing chamber 6 3 He in concentrated phase 3 Direction 3 He dilutes and dissolves, when 3 When He passes through the interface, it absorbs the surrounding heat, and the temperature of the mixing chamber 6 and the surrounding cold plate drops, achieving dilution refrigeration. 3 He is selectively evaporated to 3 He vapor is pumped out of the evaporation chamber 7 through the transmission pump group 8. In order to make the dilution refrigeration continuous and cyclic, 3 He vapor is throttled and decompressed by the throttling device 10, and then liquefied and flows back to the mixing chamber 6. 3 He concentrates the phase, and dilution refrigeration is carried out in this cycle.

[0090] More specifically, due to 3 After the He vapor is extracted, it is at room temperature. Although it is cooled by the throttling device 10, the heat it carries will still have a significant impact on the refrigeration of the dilution refrigerator, which is also called heat leakage. 3 After the He vapor is extracted, it is pumped to the gas heat sink 9, where it undergoes preliminary heat exchange cooling before passing through the throttling device 10. The gas heat sink 9 can be cooled by a pulse tube refrigerator to 3 At least part of the heat of the He vapor is removed.

[0091] Fig. 9 is a first perspective stereoscopic diagram of the throttling device provided by the present invention, Fig.10 It is a second perspective stereoscopic diagram of the throttling device provided by the present invention.

[0092] In an exemplary embodiment, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 As shown, the throttling device 10 comprises a supporting body 101, a gas pipeline 102 and an extrusion assembly. The gas pipeline 102 is configured to be coiled on the outside of the supporting body 101 in the height direction of the supporting body 101, and the gas pipeline 102 is used to transfer gas from the outside to the supporting body 101. 3 He vapor is transported to the mixing chamber 6 of the dilution refrigerator. The extrusion assembly is arranged outside the gas pipeline 102 and is configured to extrude the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101 under the driving of external force to reduce the diameter of the gas pipeline 102.

[0093] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the 3 When He passes through the gas pipeline 102, the extrusion assembly is driven by an external force to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the width direction of the support body 101, and the diameter of the gas pipeline 102 is reduced. 3 When He flows through the gas pipeline 102, the pressure drops. 3 He undergoes the Joule-Thomson effect due to 3 The interatomic forces of He atoms are close to the ideal gas level. 3 The inversion temperature of He is extremely low, about 40K (-233℃). When the gas expands, the change in the force between atoms causes the change in internal energy, which in turn causes the temperature change. When the temperature is greater than 40K, the Joule Thomson coefficient is negative. 3 When He is throttled, the temperature rises. When the temperature is less than 40K, the Joule-Thomson coefficient is positive. 3 When throttling occurs, the temperature drops. 3 He liquefies.

[0094] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the height direction of the support body 101 is Fig.10 The Z direction shown in FIG. 1 is the width direction of the support body 101. Fig.10 The X direction shown in FIG. 1 is the length direction of the support body 101. Fig.10 Y direction shown in .

[0095] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the gas pipeline 102 is coiled on the outside of the support body 101 in the Z direction, and the gas pipeline 102 is used to transfer the gas from the evaporation chamber 7 to the support body 101. 3He vapor is transported back to the mixing chamber 6 of the dilution refrigerator. The extrusion component is arranged on the outside of the gas pipeline 102. When driven by an external force, the extrusion component extrude the gas pipeline 102 along the X direction. The throttling device 10 provided by the present invention is suitable for the extremely low temperature working environment of the dilution refrigerator, and can flexibly adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline 102. It is simple to manufacture, has high reliability in use, and has a wide adjustable range.

[0096] According to an embodiment of the present invention, two surfaces of the support body 101 close to the extrusion assembly are respectively provided with extrusion surfaces, and the two extrusion surfaces are configured to have recesses respectively, and the two recesses provide space for the extrusion assembly to extrude the gas pipeline 102 .

[0097] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two recesses provide necessary space for the extrusion assembly to extrude the gas pipeline 102, ensuring that the extrusion process proceeds smoothly, avoiding direct contact between the extrusion assembly and the supporting body 101, reducing mechanical interference and wear, extending the service life of the gas pipeline 102, and facilitating subsequent maintenance and replacement. The two recesses also make the extrusion pressure evenly distributed on the gas pipeline 102 along the Z direction, preventing local stress concentration, providing protection for the gas pipeline 102, and uniform force improves the stability of the extrusion process, ensuring the consistency of the extrusion effect of the gas pipeline 102 in the Z direction. In addition, the two extrusion surfaces have recesses respectively, which can adapt to gas pipelines 102 of different sizes, improve flexibility, and enhance the versatility of the throttling device 10.

[0098] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the extrusion components have multiple groups, the recesses have multiple groups, and the multiple recesses provide spaces for the multiple extrusion components to extrude the gas pipelines 102 respectively.

[0099] According to an embodiment of the present invention, multiple groups of extrusion assemblies can be arranged in parallel. Arranging multiple groups of extrusion assemblies and multiple groups of recesses can ensure that the extrusion pressure is evenly distributed on the gas pipeline 102 along the Y direction, prevent local stress concentration, provide protection for the gas pipeline 102, and uniform force improves the stability of the extrusion process, ensuring the consistency of the extrusion effect of the gas pipeline 102 in the Y direction of the support body 101. Multiple groups of recesses can better limit the position of the gas pipeline 102 and the support body 101, ensuring the accuracy of the extrusion assembly extruding the gas pipeline 102. Arranging multiple groups of extrusion assemblies and multiple groups of recesses can also achieve load balancing and avoid overloading of a single component. Load balancing can extend the service life of the extrusion assembly and the support body 101.

[0100] According to an embodiment of the present invention, each group of extrusion assemblies includes two first rods 103, two second rods 104, two first stoppers 105 and two second stoppers 106. The two first rods 103 are respectively arranged on the outside of the two recesses, and the two first rods 103 extend along the Z direction. The two second rods 104 pass through the two ends of the two first rods 103 along the X direction to limit the support body 101 between the two first rods 103. The two first stoppers 105 are respectively arranged at one end of the two second rods 104. The two second stoppers 106 are respectively rotatably arranged at the other ends of the two second rods 104 to adjust the positions of the two second rods 104 between the two ends of the two first rods 103.

[0101] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two second stoppers 106 are driven by external force to adjust the positions of the two second rods 104 between the two ends of the two first rods 103, and a flow detection device can be connected to the gas pipeline 102. 3 The flow rate of He vapor flowing through the gas pipeline 102 is used to obtain the deformation caused by the two first rods 103 exerting a squeezing force on the gas pipeline 102. The applied external force is, for example, 10N, and the pressure of the gas pipeline 102 is 0.2 MPa. 3 The flow rate of He vapor flowing through the gas pipeline 102 is 20 mL / min.

[0102] Fig.11 is a side view of a throttling device according to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.12 yes Fig.11 Cross-sectional view in the BB direction.

[0103] According to an embodiment of the present invention, Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, through holes are formed at opposite ends of the two first rod portions 103 to allow the second rod portion 104 to pass through.

[0104] According to the embodiment of the present invention, one second rod 104 passes through the through holes opened at both ends (on the same side) of the two first rods 103, and the other second rod 104 passes through the through holes opened at both ends of the two first rods 103, which can effectively connect the two first rods 103, improve stability and rigidity, and the two second rods 104 are easy to install and disassemble, which is convenient for subsequent maintenance and replacement. The through holes can ensure the precise alignment of the two first rods 103 and the second rods 104, and improve the installation accuracy.

[0105] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the two second stoppers 106 are nuts, and the two second rods 104 are both provided with threaded portions, and the two nuts are respectively threadedly engaged with the two threaded portions. The two nuts, when driven by an external force, drive the two first rods 103 to approach each other, so as to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the X direction, so that the diameter of the gas pipeline 102 is reduced.

[0106] According to the embodiment of the present invention, two nuts are respectively threadedly engaged with two threaded parts, and when driven by external force, the two nuts drive one first rod part 103 to slide on the two second rod parts 104, and approach the other first rod part 103 to squeeze the gas pipeline 102 along the X direction, so that the diameter of the gas pipeline 102 is reduced. The two second rod parts 104 are both provided with threaded parts, which provide greater freedom of movement for the sliding of the first rod part 103, and a wide adjustable range.

[0107] According to an embodiment of the present invention, by changing the number of turns of the gas pipeline 102 wound around the outer side of the support body 101 in the Z direction, the adjustable range of the gas flow rate is further expanded, and the number of turns may be 105 turns.

[0108] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the cross section of the support body 101 in a plane perpendicular to the Z direction is any one of opposing horseshoes, ellipses, trapezoids and squares.

[0109] According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the cross-section of the support body 101 in a plane perpendicular to the Z direction is an opposed horseshoe or an opposed ellipse, the arc-shaped structure can effectively disperse stress, reduce stress concentration, and extend the life of the support body 101. It can also better fit with the gas pipeline 102 and improve space utilization. If the cross-section of the support body 101 in a plane perpendicular to the Z direction is an opposed trapezoid or an opposed square, the trapezoid and the square are wider than the horseshoe or the ellipse, and can provide good support and stability for the gas pipeline 102.

[0110] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the material of the support body 101 is any one of stainless steel, titanium alloy and nickel alloy.

[0111] According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the material of the support body 101 is stainless steel, the stainless steel can maintain good toughness and strength in an extremely low temperature working environment, and also has good corrosion resistance and low cost. If the material of the support body 101 is titanium alloy, the titanium alloy can maintain good toughness and strength in an extremely low temperature working environment, and the thermal conductivity of the titanium alloy is low, which can reduce heat conduction and maintain the ambient temperature. At the same time, the titanium alloy has low density but high strength, which helps to reduce the overall weight and maintain structural strength. If the material of the support body 101 is nickel alloy, the nickel alloy can maintain excellent toughness and strength in an extremely low temperature working environment, and the nickel alloy has excellent corrosion resistance.

[0112] In an exemplary embodiment, the transfer pump group 8 includes a vacuum pump and a booster pump, wherein the vacuum pump is used to transfer the evaporated 3 He vapor is extracted and pumped to the throttling device 10 after being pressurized by the booster pump. The throttling device 10 3 The He vapor is throttled and transported back to the mixing chamber 6.

[0113] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the throttling device 10 is detachably connected between the booster pump and the mixing chamber 6 .

[0114] According to an embodiment of the present invention, if the 3 To adjust the He steam flow at different rates, the throttling device 10 can be removed and replaced with a new throttling device 10, and the gas pipeline 102 can be squeezed again along the X direction to adjust the diameter of the gas pipeline 102, thereby adjusting 3 The flow rate of He vapor flowing through the gas pipeline 102 is adjusted by 3 The flow rate of He vapor matches the dilution refrigerator, expands its performance limit, and lays a good foundation for the further development of the dilution refrigerator.

[0115] In some other embodiments, the throttled 3 When the He solution flows back to the mixing chamber 6, it will also undergo multiple stages of heat exchange to further reduce heat leakage.

[0116] In such an embodiment, the heat exchange structure includes but is not limited to a pancake-shaped radiator, the upper and lower layers of which are separated by oxygen-free copper to transfer heat; or a spiral double-layer tube radiator, the inner and outer layers of which are separated by the tube wall to transfer heat. The heat exchange object is preferably from the mixing chamber 6. 3 He and 4 He mixture, because 3 He and 4 After the He mixture absorbs heat, the temperature rise is not obvious.

[0117] It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined and / or combined in various ways, even if such combinations or combinations are not explicitly described in the present invention. In particular, without departing from the spirit and teachings of the present invention, the features described in the various embodiments of the present invention may be combined and / or combined in various ways. All of these combinations and / or combinations fall within the scope of the present invention.

[0118] The embodiments of the present invention are described above. However, these embodiments are only for the purpose of illustration, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Although each embodiment is described above, it does not mean that the measures in each embodiment cannot be used in combination advantageously. Without departing from the scope of the present invention, those skilled in the art may make various substitutions and modifications, which should all fall within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A gas heat sink, characterized in that: include: The shell has an input port and an output port at two opposite ends thereof, which are connected to the outside; A plurality of guide plates are arranged in the shell at intervals along the height direction of the shell, and a plurality of through slots extending along the length direction of the shell are formed on the guide plates; A plurality of baffles, each of the guide plates is sandwiched between two adjacent baffles, and is suitable for enclosing the middle part of the through groove to form a first flow channel, and the side wall of the baffle facing the input port and the guide plate define a second flow channel communicating with the input port, and the first flow channel is communicated with the second flow channel; The second flow channel is configured to guide the gas input from the input port to enter the plurality of first flow channels through multiple diffusions along the height direction of the shell, and the shell is configured to exchange heat with the gas through the guide plate and the partition plate, and transfer the heat to an external cold source.

2. The gas heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that: The guide plate comprises a first main body portion for forming the through slot, and a flared portion extending from the first main body portion to both sides along the length direction of the shell to form a flared portion for diffusing or converging gas along the width direction of the shell.

3. The gas heat sink according to claim 2, characterized in that: The flared portions are configured to extend from two sides of the first main body portion that are opposite to each other in the width direction of the shell respectively along the length direction of the shell and approach each other to form a flared structure at the ends.

4. The gas heat sink according to claim 2, characterized in that: The partition plate comprises a second main body portion for enclosing the through groove, and a partition portion extending from the second main body portion to both sides along the length direction of the shell and for enclosing the flared portion to form a flared flow channel.

5. The gas heat sink according to claim 4, characterized in that: The partition is provided with an avoidance notch, which is arranged opposite to the input port in the width direction of the shell, and is suitable for reducing the resistance during the input of the gas.

6. The gas heat sink according to claim 2, characterized in that: The input port is disposed opposite to the flared portion in the width direction of the housing.

7. The gas heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of through slots are distributed at intervals along the width direction of the housing.

8. The gas heat sink according to claim 1, characterized in that: The housing comprises: A main body, formed with a receiving cavity, wherein the guide plate and the partition plate are arranged in the receiving cavity; The cover body is buckled on the main body to close the accommodating cavity.

9. The gas heat sink according to claim 8, characterized in that: A sealing member is sandwiched between the main body and the cover body. The sealing member is made of metal indium and is suitable for deforming under the compression of the cover body and the main body to seal the gap between the cover body and the main body.

10. A dilution refrigerator, characterized in that: include: A mixing chamber is provided in which the upper 3 The He-concentrated phase and the lower 3 He dilution phase, the 3 The He-enriched phase is configured to respond to the 3 He dilution phase 3 The concentration of He decreases to 3 He dilution phase compensation 3 He also absorbs surrounding heat to cool; The evaporation chamber and the mixing chamber 3 He dilution connection, suitable for 3 He in the form of vapor 3 He dilutes phase separation; Transfer pump set, suitable for 3 He vapor is extracted from the evaporation chamber; The gas heat sink according to any one of claims 1 to 9, for receiving gas from the transmission pump group 3 He vapor, and 3 He vapor is pre-cooled; The throttling device is constructed to 3 He vapor is throttled adiabatically to make 3 The He vapor liquefies and flows back into the mixing chamber.

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