Mechanical equipment high-precision installation method based on laser tracker

Abstract

The invention discloses a mechanical equipment high-precision installation method based on a laser tracker, and the method comprises the steps: building a plurality of groups of measurement control networks, and extending an original reference measurement network coordinate system through the space coordinate data of each observation point in every two adjacent groups of measurement control networks, on the basis of a reference measurement network coordinate system, a laser tracker is used for assisting in finding the position degree relation of each device one by one, so that high-precision installation of a long production line and large devices is achieved. According to the invention, the traditional problem that a laser tracker cannot measure all equipment parameters at a time in a production line with a long length direction can be solved, the problem that instrument measurement is affected by shielding of equipment, a wall body and other factors can be avoided, the equipment installation precision is improved, and the installation efficiency is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of high-precision positioning and installation of equipment, and in particular to a high-precision installation method of mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker. Background Art

[0002] In industrial production, equipment determines the upper limit of product quality, while equipment installation accuracy determines the lower limit of product quality. High-precision equipment often requires high-standard equipment installation accuracy. Failure to meet the installation accuracy standard will affect the overall accuracy and overall performance of the equipment. However, domestic equipment construction companies are still using traditional measuring instruments and traditional installation methods to install equipment, and the installation quality and efficiency are backward.

[0003] At present, the instruments used for the installation of mechanical equipment in China mainly include: level, total station, theodolite, spirit level, micrometer, etc. Before the equipment is installed, the reference points such as the center and elevation of the equipment are buried. When the equipment is installed, the equipment accuracy is measured based on the reference point. The equipment installation method mainly selects appropriate instruments for accuracy measurement and adjustment according to the characteristics of the equipment. For example, the horizontality of general equipment is measured, adjusted and installed by level and spirit level, and the verticality is measured, adjusted and installed by total station and theodolite. Verticality and centering often require auxiliary measurement by hanging line method and shaking arm method. In the traditional equipment installation method, the accuracy of permanent reference points is poor, and the single point accuracy is 0.5-1mm, which leads to a very low upper limit of the precision installation of mechanical equipment. At present, the installation accuracy of many high-precision equipment is often required to reach 0.05mm or more. The traditional equipment installation method cannot meet the installation requirements of high-precision equipment. When measuring the accuracy of equipment installation, the subjectivity and skill level deviation of the measurement personnel will produce errors in the subjective measurement data. Moreover, the design of traditional equipment reference points is based on the convenience of equipment installation. After the equipment is put into production, these reference points are often blocked by factors such as equipment and walls and cannot be used, which is not conducive to the subsequent precision maintenance of the equipment. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention provides a high-precision installation method for mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker, which can not only solve the traditional problem that the laser tracker cannot measure all equipment parameters at a single time in a production line with a long length, but also solve the problem that the instrument measurement is affected by factors such as equipment and walls, thereby improving the equipment installation accuracy and the installation efficiency.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0006] A high-precision installation method for mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker comprises the following steps:

[0007] Step S1: burying and placing equipment reference points;

[0008] The laser tracker is set up in the center of the equipment installation area, and all the reference points within the measuring diameter of the instrument can be placed at one time; the laser tracker uses the measuring spherical mode for single-point layout. According to the requirements of the drawing, two first reference points are set at both ends of the product centerline direction, and two second reference points are set at a certain distance parallel to the product centerline direction. The line connecting the two second reference points forms the centerline of the production line; two third reference points are set in the direction of the extension of the equipment centerline of the first equipment; each of the first reference points, each of the second reference points, and each of the third reference points is arranged with a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker.

[0009] Step S2: measuring control network layout;

[0010] Establish a number of measurement control networks with intervals along the extension direction of the product centerline. The intervals between the measurement control networks are arranged according to the measurement radius of the laser tracker. Each group of the measurement control networks includes four observation points. The four observation points in each group of the measurement control networks cannot be arranged on the same plane to form a three-dimensional layout. Each observation point is arranged with a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker.

[0011] Step S3: Establishing a reference measurement network coordinate system;

[0012] Set up a laser tracker at the first measurement position, use the laser tracker to obtain the spatial coordinates of each observation point in the first set of measurement control network, take the first reference point of the product centerline as the origin, and establish a coordinate system with the product centerline, the vertical line at the horizontal position of the product centerline and the gravity direction coordinate axis;

[0013] Step S4: equipment installation;

[0014] Lift the first equipment to the first installation position and pre-tighten it. Use a laser tracker to measure and fit the elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring equipment. Calculate the equipment installation error and the corresponding adjustment amount. Loosen the equipment bolts, adjust the equipment according to the calculated adjustment amount and tighten the bolts. Repeat the measurement, adjustment and tightening operations multiple times until the equipment installation error meets the requirements and perform the final installation positioning.

[0015] Set up the laser tracker at the second measurement position, use the laser tracker to obtain the spatial coordinates of each observation point in the first and second measurement control networks, and associate the data of the first and second measurement positions of the laser tracker. Repeat the above equipment installation steps to complete the installation of the second equipment, and so on, so as to measure the data of the remaining equipment and accurately locate and install them.

[0016] Furthermore, the arrangement method of the permanent target adopts the following steps: a hole is opened with a certain point as the center of the circle, a target base is buried with grouting material, a target ball suitable for a laser tracker is installed in each target base, and the error of the target ball is checked with a laser tracker before the grouting material solidifies, so that the error of the center point of the permanent target is controlled within 1mm; after the grouting material at each reference point solidifies, the first reference point in the entrance direction of the production line center line is used as the reference, and the target ball of other reference points is fine-tuned with a laser tracker to make the equipment center line perpendicular to the production line center line, and the single-point error of the target ball at each reference point does not exceed 0.05mm, and the target balls of all reference points are permanently fixed to the target base by structural adhesive or welding to form the permanent target.

[0017] Further, in step S2, three of the observation points in each group of the measurement control network are arranged on the ground in a triangular distribution, and another observation point is installed at a height higher than the ground.

[0018] Furthermore, in step S4, a laser tracker is used to measure and fit the position, elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring equipment. According to the principles of leveling, alignment and elevation, and based on the requirements of the drawings, an equipment correction reference point is established at the intersection of the center line of the production line and the center line of each equipment, and a permanent target that can be compatible with the laser tracker is arranged at each of the equipment correction reference points.

[0019] Align and compare. When installing the equipment, use the perpendicular line from the corresponding equipment correction reference point to the center line of the production line to determine the center line of the equipment. The fine-machined surfaces such as the spindle and bearing hole on the machine can be used as the basis for the center line. Use a target ball to measure the cylindrical surface of rollers, shafts, and holes, and use a laser tracker to fit their actual center lines. By comparing the actual center line with the center line of the equipment, calculate the adjustment amount to guide the installation until the error requirements are met;

[0020] Find the elevation for comparison. By comparing the height with the elevation reference point, the measured value can be used to calculate the adjustment value and adjust the equipment as a whole to the height design value;

[0021] For leveling comparison, the laser tracker can measure the spatial coordinates of the center point of the target sphere. During the leveling stage, it is only necessary to measure the height of each measuring point to ensure that it reaches the designed value.

[0022] To find other spatial relationships for comparison, the laser tracker can measure the spatial coordinates of each benchmark reference point target on the equipment, such as the angle between two faces in space, the center distance between two curved surfaces, the angle between two axes in space, and other measurement requirements, to assist in the measurement of position.

[0023] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0024] 1) Compared with the prior art, the present invention can extend the original reference measurement network coordinate system by establishing multiple groups of measurement control networks and using the spatial coordinate data of observation points in each two adjacent groups of measurement control networks. This not only solves the traditional problem that the laser tracker cannot measure all equipment parameters in a single production line with a long length, but also solves the problem that the instrument measurement is affected by factors such as equipment and walls. The high-precision installation of a long production line can be completed using only the same laser tracker. The present invention uses a laser tracker to install large equipment, which greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of equipment installation. The overall accuracy of equipment installation in a long production line can theoretically reach more than 0.05mm, and the installation accuracy of a single device can theoretically reach more than 0.02mm; using a laser tracker to install equipment, because data processing is relatively convenient, and it can be directly converted into the adjustment amount of equipment debugging, with high accuracy, it can improve the installation and debugging efficiency by more than 150%. And the equipment benchmark points and measurement control network benchmark points put in place are convenient for the later equipment accuracy maintenance. Compared with traditional installation methods and measuring instruments, it has obvious advantages and is the trend of equipment installation.

[0025] 2) Use laser tracker to assist in the placement and deployment of permanent targets, reduce the error of benchmark layout, and thus improve the accuracy of subsequent equipment installation.

[0026] 3) Use a laser tracker to measure and fit the position, elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring equipment, in accordance with the principles of leveling, alignment and elevation, to meet the requirements of high-precision installation of the equipment; establish equipment correction reference points, which can not only assist in referencing the location of the installed equipment during installation, but also serve as an important reference for subsequent debugging and maintenance of the equipment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] The specific embodiments of the present invention are further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0028] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the measurement control network arrangement of the present invention;

[0029] Figure ID:

[0030] 1-Laser tracker frame, 2-Product center line, 21-First reference point, 3-Second reference point, 31-Production line center line, 4-Third reference point, 5-Third reference point, 51-Observation point, 6-First equipment, 7-Correction reference point, 11-First measurement position, 12-Second measurement position. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0032] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may be a central component. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may be a central component at the same time. When a component is referred to as being "set in the middle", it does not only mean being set in the middle, as long as it is not set at both ends within the range defined by the middle. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.

[0033] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.

[0034] Reference Figure 1 As shown, a high-precision installation method of mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker includes the following steps:

[0035] Step S1: burying and placing equipment reference points;

[0036] The laser tracker frame 1 is set at the center of the equipment installation area, and all the reference points within the instrument measurement diameter can be placed at one time; the laser tracker 1 adopts the measurement spherical mode for single-point layout. According to the requirements of the drawing, two first reference points 21 are set at both ends of the product center line 2, and two second reference points 3 are set at a certain distance parallel to the product center line. The two second reference points are connected to form the production line center line 31; two third reference points 4 are set in the direction of the extension of the equipment center line of the first equipment; each of the first reference points 21, each of the second reference points 3, and each of the third reference points 4 is arranged with a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker; a hole is opened with each reference layout point as the center of the circle, and the hole diameter is 120mm and the depth is 120mm. 300mm, bury the target base with grouting material, install target balls suitable for laser trackers in each target base, and use laser tracker 1 to check the error of the target ball before the grouting material solidifies, so that the error of the center point of the permanent target is controlled within 1mm; after the grouting material solidifies at each reference point, take the first reference point 21 in the entrance direction of the production line center line 2 as the reference, and use laser tracker 1 to fine-tune the accuracy of the target balls of other reference points, so that the center line of the equipment is perpendicular to the center line of the production line, and the single-point error of the target ball at each reference point does not exceed 0.05mm, and the target balls of all reference points are permanently fixed to the target base by structural adhesive or welding to form the permanent target. The subsequent permanent targets on the ground can be buried and placed in the above manner. The laser tracker frame 1 is used to assist in the burying and placement of permanent targets, reduce the error of reference layout, and thus improve the accuracy of subsequent equipment installation.

[0037] Step S2: measuring control network layout;

[0038] Several groups of measurement control networks 5 are set up at intervals along the extension direction of the product centerline 2. The spacing between the groups of measurement control networks is arranged according to the measurement radius of the laser tracker. The measurement radius of the laser tracker used in this example is 50 meters, so a group of measurement control networks 5 is set up every 40 meters along the entire production line, and a series of measurement control networks constitute a reference measurement network; each group of the measurement control network 5 includes four observation points 51. As a more convenient deployment method, three of the observation points 51 in each group of the measurement control network 5 are distributed on the ground in a triangular manner, and the installation height of the other observation point 51 is higher than the ground, so that the four observation points 51 in the same group of measurement control networks 5 are not on the same plane, forming an overall three-dimensional layout; each observation point 51 is arranged with a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker.

[0039] Step S3: Establishing a reference measurement network coordinate system;

[0040] Set up the laser tracker 1 to the first measuring position 11, use the laser tracker 1 to obtain the spatial coordinates of each observation point 51 in the first group of measurement control network 5, take the first first reference point 21 of the product centerline 2 as the origin, and establish a coordinate system with the product centerline 2, the vertical line at the horizontal position of the product centerline 2 and the gravity direction coordinate axis; form relative coordinate values ​​through the spatial coordinates of the four observation points 51 of the first group of measurement network control network 5 relative to the origin, which are used as a reference for the benchmark measurement network.

[0041] Step S4: equipment installation;

[0042] Lift the first device 6 to the first installation position and pre-tighten it, use the laser tracker 1 to measure and fit the elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring device, and calculate the equipment installation error and the corresponding adjustment amount; loosen the equipment bolts, adjust the equipment according to the calculated adjustment amount and tighten the bolts; repeat the measurement, adjustment and tightening operations for multiple times until the equipment installation error meets the requirements and finally install and position it;

[0043] The laser tracker 1 is used to measure and fit the position, elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring equipment. According to the principles of leveling, alignment and elevation, and in accordance with the requirements of the drawings, an equipment correction reference point 7 is set up at the intersection of the center line 31 of the production line and the center line of each equipment, and a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker 1 is arranged at each of the equipment correction reference points 7. The purpose of setting up the equipment correction reference point 7 is not only to assist in referencing the position of the installed equipment when installing the equipment, but also to serve as an important reference for subsequent debugging and maintenance of the equipment.

[0044] Align and compare. When installing the equipment, use the perpendicular line from the corresponding equipment correction reference point 7 to the production line centerline 31 to determine the equipment centerline. The fine-machined surfaces such as the spindle and bearing hole on the machine can be used as the basis for the centerline. Use a target ball to measure the cylindrical surface of rollers, shafts, and holes, and use the laser tracker 1 to fit their actual centerline. By comparing the actual centerline with the equipment centerline, calculate the adjustment amount to guide the installation until the error requirements are met;

[0045] Find the elevation for comparison. By comparing the height with the elevation reference point, the measured value can be used to calculate the adjustment value and adjust the equipment as a whole to the height design value;

[0046] For leveling comparison, the laser tracker 1 can measure the spatial coordinates of the center point of the target sphere. During the leveling stage, it is only necessary to measure the height of each measuring point to ensure that it reaches the designed value.

[0047] To find other spatial relationships for comparison, the laser tracker 1 can measure the spatial coordinates of each benchmark reference point target ball on the device, such as the angle between two faces in space, the center distance between two curved surfaces, the angle between two axes in space, and other measurement requirements to assist in the measurement of position.

[0048] Set up the laser tracker 1 to the second measurement position 12, use the laser tracker 1 to obtain the spatial coordinates of each observation point in the first group of measurement control network 5 and the second group of measurement control network 51, and associate the data of the first measurement position 11 and the second measurement position 12 where the laser tracker 1 is located, repeat the above equipment installation steps to complete the installation of the second equipment, and so on, so as to measure the data of the remaining equipment and accurately locate and install. Through the spatial coordinate data of each observation point of the two adjacent groups of measurement control networks 5, the original reference measurement network coordinate system can be extended, which can not only solve the traditional problem that the laser tracker cannot measure all equipment parameters at a time in the production line with a long length, but also avoid the problem of being blocked by equipment, walls and other factors to affect the instrument measurement. Only the same laser tracker 1 can be used to complete the high-precision installation of the long production line, and in the measurement process of the entire reference measurement network, the measurement position can be determined at will, and it is only necessary to observe each observation point of the two adjacent groups of measurement control networks 5 at the same time, which is more convenient for personnel to operate.

[0049] The present invention uses a laser tracker 1 to install large equipment, which greatly improves the accuracy and efficiency of equipment installation. The overall accuracy of long production line equipment installation can theoretically reach more than 0.05mm, and the installation accuracy of single equipment can theoretically reach more than 0.02mm; using a laser tracker to install equipment, because data processing is relatively convenient, and it can be directly converted into the adjustment amount of equipment debugging with high accuracy, it can improve the installation and debugging efficiency by more than 150%. And the equipment benchmark points and measurement control network benchmark points put in place facilitate the later equipment accuracy maintenance. Compared with traditional installation methods and measuring instruments, it has obvious advantages and is the trend of equipment installation.

[0050] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Any modification or equivalent substitution that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention shall be included in the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A high-precision installation method for mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker, characterized in that: The steps include: Step S1: burying and placing equipment reference points; The laser tracker is set up in the center of the equipment installation area, and all the reference points within the measuring diameter of the instrument can be placed at one time; the laser tracker uses the measuring spherical mode for single-point layout. According to the requirements of the drawing, two first reference points are set at both ends of the product centerline direction, and two second reference points are set at a certain distance parallel to the product centerline direction. The line connecting the two second reference points forms the centerline of the production line; two third reference points are set in the direction of the extension of the equipment centerline of the first equipment; each of the first reference points, each of the second reference points, and each of the third reference points is arranged with a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker. Step S2: measuring control network layout; Establish a number of measurement control networks with intervals along the extension direction of the product centerline. The intervals between the measurement control networks are arranged according to the measurement radius of the laser tracker. Each group of the measurement control networks includes four observation points. The four observation points in each group of the measurement control networks cannot be arranged on the same plane to form a three-dimensional layout. Each observation point is arranged with a permanent target that can be adapted to the laser tracker. Step S3: Establishing a reference measurement network coordinate system; Set up a laser tracker at the first measurement position, use the laser tracker to obtain the spatial coordinates of each observation point in the first set of measurement control network, take the first reference point of the product centerline as the origin, and establish a coordinate system with the product centerline, the vertical line at the horizontal position of the product centerline and the gravity direction coordinate axis; Step S4: equipment installation; Lift the first equipment to the first installation position and pre-tighten it. Use a laser tracker to measure and fit the elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring equipment. Calculate the equipment installation error and the corresponding adjustment amount. Loosen the equipment bolts, adjust the equipment according to the calculated adjustment amount and tighten the bolts. Repeat the measurement, adjustment and tightening operations multiple times until the equipment installation error meets the requirements and perform the final installation positioning. Set up the laser tracker at the second measurement position, use the laser tracker to obtain the spatial coordinates of each observation point in the first and second measurement control networks, and associate the data of the first and second measurement positions of the laser tracker. Repeat the above equipment installation steps to complete the installation of the second equipment, and so on, so as to measure the data of the remaining equipment and accurately locate and install them.

2. A high-precision installation method for mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker according to claim 1, characterized in that: The arrangement method of the permanent target adopts the following steps: opening a hole with a certain point as the center of the circle, burying the target base with grouting material, installing a target ball suitable for a laser tracker in each target base, and checking the error of the target ball with a laser tracker before the grouting material solidifies, so that the error of the center point of the permanent target is controlled within 1mm; after the grouting material at each reference point solidifies, taking the first reference point in the entrance direction of the production line center line as the reference, use a laser tracker to perform precision fine-tuning on the target balls of other reference points, so that the center line of the equipment is perpendicular to the center line of the production line, and the single-point error of the target ball at each reference point does not exceed 0.05mm, and the target balls of all reference points are permanently fixed to the target base by structural adhesive or welding to form the permanent target.

3. A high-precision installation method for mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, three of the observation points in each group of the measurement control network are arranged on the ground in a triangular distribution, and another observation point is installed at a height higher than the ground.

4. A high-precision installation method for mechanical equipment based on a laser tracker according to claim 3, characterized in that: In step S4, a laser tracker is used to measure and fit the position, elevation, horizontality, verticality and other data of the required measuring equipment. According to the principles of leveling, alignment and elevation, and based on the requirements of the drawings, an equipment correction reference point is established at the intersection of the center line of the production line and the center line of each equipment, and a permanent target that can be compatible with the laser tracker is arranged at each of the equipment correction reference points. Align and compare. When installing the equipment, use the perpendicular line from the corresponding equipment correction reference point to the center line of the production line to determine the center line of the equipment. The fine-machined surfaces such as the spindle and bearing hole on the machine can be used as the basis for the center line. Use a target ball to measure the cylindrical surface of rollers, shafts, and holes, and use a laser tracker to fit their actual center lines. By comparing the actual center line with the center line of the equipment, calculate the adjustment amount to guide the installation until the error requirements are met; Find the elevation for comparison. By comparing the height with the elevation reference point, the measured value can be used to calculate the adjustment value and adjust the equipment as a whole to the height design value; For leveling comparison, the laser tracker can measure the spatial coordinates of the center point of the target sphere. During the leveling stage, it is only necessary to measure the height of each measuring point to ensure that it reaches the designed value. To find other spatial relationships for comparison, the laser tracker can measure the spatial coordinates of each benchmark reference point target on the equipment, such as the angle between two faces in space, the center distance between two curved surfaces, the angle between two axes in space, and other measurement requirements, to assist in the measurement of position.

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