An adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof.The sensor comprises an upper force transmission unit, a lower force transmission unit and a measurement elastic body unit.The sensor adopts a spherical surface contact structure design, can automatically adjust and compensate the load eccentricity caused by the uneven contact between the contact planes, and reduces the influence of the eccentricity on the measurement results.The established sensor loading and unloading measurement model can accurately monitor the bolt fastening force in real time.The deformation of the measurement elastic body unit of the sensor is measured by using a fiber grating, and the sensor has the advantages of high precision and good reliability.In addition, the pressure measurement result of the sensor is irrelevant to the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the nut and the structure, and the measurement precision of the sensor in actual application is further improved.The self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor has the advantages of small size, large range, high precision, automatic correction, good reliability and the like.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] Bolt connection is widely used in the node connection of various structures due to its advantages of simple operation, reliable force transmission and good economy, and high-strength bolts are used in the key parts of the structure. However, if the bolt pre-tightening force is not properly set, it will lead to connection failure and affect the overall performance and safety of the structure. The gasket type pressure ring sensor is one of the most commonly used sensing technologies for measuring bolt tightening force. The gasket type pressure sensor mainly measures the ring deformation or axial deformation of the sensor measuring unit under external load to realize the measurement of pressure load. However, in actual application, there may be uneven contact surface or material defects between the sensor and the nut or structure, which will cause the sensor to bear eccentric load and affect the accuracy of the measurement result. In order to accurately measure the eccentric pressure, multiple strain measuring units need to be arranged around the sensor. For the gasket type pressure ring sensor measuring axial deformation, this increases the size and complexity of the structure, which affects the installation of the nut and the overall performance of the structure to some extent. For the gasket type pressure ring sensor measuring ring deformation, although the structure size is small, the measurement result of this type of sensor is greatly affected by the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the structure and the nut, so the measurement accuracy is not high in actual engineering.

[0003] In summary, the existing gasket type pressure ring sensor cannot achieve the ideal goal of small size, large range, high precision and no influence of eccentric load due to the limitation of the measurement principle. SUMMARY

[0004] The present application aims to solve the problems of large size, limited range, poor measurement accuracy and easy influence of eccentric load of the existing gasket type pressure sensor, and proposes a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof.

[0005] The present application is realized by the following technical solutions, and the present application proposes a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor, which comprises an upper force transmission unit 1, a lower force transmission unit 2, a measuring elastic body unit 3, an upper protective cover plate 4 and a lower protective cover plate 5.

[0006] The upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3 are provided with concentric through holes 11 through which bolts pass; the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 is an outwardly protruding spherical circular surface; the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 is an outwardly protruding spherical circular surface; the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 each comprise an inwardly recessed spherical circular surface; the two spherical circular surfaces are in close contact with the spherical circular surfaces on the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 and the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2, respectively; the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of a nut; the upper protective cover plate 4 is bonded to the upper surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the suspended part in the middle of the upper protective cover plate 4 is in contact with the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1, which is used to limit the excessive deflection of the upper force transmission unit 1; the lower surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of a structure; the lower protective cover plate 5 is bonded to the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the suspended part in the middle of the lower protective cover plate 5 is in contact with the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2, which is used to limit the excessive deflection of the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0007] Further, a large annular shallow groove 7 is provided at the middle position of the outer side of the measuring elastic body unit 3, and a small annular shallow groove 8 is further provided in the large annular shallow groove 7, and two or more fiber Bragg grating strain measurement units 9 are uniformly arranged in the small annular shallow groove 8; the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement units 9 are bonded to the small annular shallow groove 8 by glue; a fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 is arranged in the large annular shallow groove 7.

[0008] Further, the outer side of the measuring elastic body unit 3 is surrounded by an outer protective shell 6 and is fixed by spot welding at the overlapping part, and the outer protective shell 6 is used to protect the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement units 9 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 from external damage; after the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement units 9 and the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 are connected in series by optical fibers, the optical fibers pass out of the small hole 12 in the middle of the outer protective shell 6, and are connected to a fiber Bragg grating demodulator for measurement.

[0009] Further, a lubricant is added between the spherical contact surfaces of the measuring elastic body unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2, which is used to reduce the friction coefficient between the measuring unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0010] Further, when the bolt fastening force is transmitted to the sensitive spherical gasket type pressure sensor by the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 transmit the pressure to the measuring elastomer unit 3 through the spherical contact surface between the measuring elastomer unit 3, causing the circumferential expansion of the measuring elastomer unit 3; the expansion strain is measured by the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9, and after the temperature influence is removed by using the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 data, the pressure value of the sensor, i.e. the bolt fastening force, is obtained according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor.

[0011] Further, when the bolt fastening force is transmitted to the sensitive spherical gasket type pressure sensor by the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 transmit the pressure to the measuring elastomer unit 3 through the spherical contact surface between the measuring elastomer unit 3, causing the circumferential expansion of the measuring elastomer unit 3; the expansion strain is measured by the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9, and after the temperature influence is removed by using the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit 10 data, the pressure value of the sensor, i.e. the bolt fastening force, is obtained according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor.

[0012] Further, by reducing the diameter of the spherical annular contact surface between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3, reducing the circumferential expansion deformation stiffness of the measuring elastomer unit 3, and reducing the friction coefficient between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3, the measurement sensitivity of the sensor is increased.

[0013] The application also proposes a construction method of the loading and unloading measurement model based on the sensor, in which the friction direction between the upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3 changes during the increase or decrease of the bolt fastening force, i.e. during the loading or unloading process of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor; based on this, the measurement model is established for the loading and unloading stages respectively, and the measurement accuracy of the sensor is improved; the method steps include:

[0014] Step one, load the sensor by every 10KN, and then unload it by every 10KN after reaching the range, and at the same time, read the grating wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit 9 by using the fiber demodulator and take the average value;

[0015] Step two, normalize the load and the average value of the wavelength shift respectively, and the normalization method is to divide the maximum value of the data;

[0016] Step three, linearly fit the data of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor in the loading stage to obtain the loading measurement model of the sensor;

[0017] Step four, piecewise linearly fit the data of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor in the unloading process to obtain the unloading measurement model of the sensor.

[0018] The application further provides an electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the method for constructing a load / unload measurement model based on a sensor when executing the computer program.

[0019] The application further provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, wherein the computer instructions implement the steps of the method for constructing a load / unload measurement model based on a sensor when executed by a processor.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the application has the following beneficial effects:

[0021] The self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor in the application can automatically adjust and compensate the angle deviation between the planes and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement results of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and improve the measurement sensitivity of the sensor under eccentric load when the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the nut / structure contact surface are uneven or the bolt fastening force is eccentric due to material defects. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the application or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments or the prior art description. Obviously, the drawings in the following description only constitute the embodiments of the application, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can also be obtained without creative labor based on the provided drawings.

[0023] Figure 1 FIG. 1 is a plan view of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor of the application;

[0024] Figure 2 FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor of the application;

[0025] Figure 3 FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view B-B of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor of the application;

[0026] Marked description in the figure: 1 - upper force transmission unit, 2 - lower force transmission unit, 3 - measuring elastic body unit, 4 - upper protective cover plate, 5 - lower protective cover plate, 6 - external protective shell, 7 - large annular shallow groove, 8 - small annular shallow groove, 9 - fiber grating strain measurement unit, 10 - fiber grating temperature measurement unit, 11 - concentric through hole through which the bolt passes, 12 - small hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative labor fall within the scope of protection of the present application.

[0028] In combination Figures 1-3 , the present application proposes a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor, which comprises an upper force transmission unit 1, a lower force transmission unit 2, a measuring elastic body unit 3, an upper protective cover plate 4 and a lower protective cover plate 5.

[0029] The upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastic body unit 3 are provided with concentric through holes 11 through which the bolt passes; the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 is an outwardly protruding spherical circular surface; the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 is an outwardly protruding spherical circular surface; the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 each contain an inwardly recessed spherical circular surface; the two spherical circular surfaces are in close contact with the spherical circular surfaces on the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 and the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2, respectively; the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of the nut; the upper protective cover plate 4 is bonded to the upper surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the suspended part in the middle of the upper protective cover plate 4 is in contact with the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit 1, which is used to limit the excessive deflection of the upper force transmission unit 1; the lower surface of the lower force transmission unit 2 has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of the structure; the lower protective cover plate 5 is bonded to the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit 3 by epoxy resin, and the suspended part in the middle of the lower protective cover plate 5 is in contact with the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit 2, which is used to limit the excessive deflection of the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0030] As Figure 2 shown, a large annular shallow groove 7 is arranged at the middle position of the outer side of the measuring elastic body unit 3, and a small annular shallow groove 8 is further arranged in the large annular shallow groove 7; two or more fiber grating strain measurement units 9 are uniformly arranged in the small annular shallow groove 8; the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9 is bonded to the small annular shallow groove 8 by glue; a fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10 is arranged in the large annular shallow groove 7.

[0031] As shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 The outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3 is surrounded by an external protective shell 6 and is fixed by spot welding at the overlapping part, and the external protective shell 6 is used to protect the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9 and the fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10 from external force damage; after the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9 and the fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10 are connected in series, the fiber is pulled out from the small hole 12 in the middle of the external protective shell 6, and the fiber is connected to the fiber grating demodulator for measurement.

[0032] The measuring elastomer unit 3 and the spherical contact surface between the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 are added with a lubricant, which is used to reduce the friction coefficient between the measuring unit 3 and the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2.

[0033] When the bolt fastening force is transmitted to the sensitized spherical gasket type pressure sensor through the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit 1 and the lower force transmission unit 2 transmit the pressure to the measuring elastomer unit 3 through the spherical contact surface between them and the measuring elastomer unit 3, causing the outer side of the measuring elastomer unit 3 to expand in a ring shape; the expansion strain is measured by the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9, and after the temperature influence is removed by using the data of the fiber grating temperature measurement unit 10, the pressure value received by the sensor, i.e. the bolt fastening force, is converted according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor; when the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the nut / structure contact surface are uneven or the bolt fastening force is eccentric due to material defects, through the design of the spherical contact structure, the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 will adaptively deflect, automatically adjust and compensate the angular deviation between the planes, and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement result of the sensitized spherical gasket type pressure sensor.

[0034] The present application can also increase the measurement sensitivity of the sensor by reducing the diameter of the contact spherical ring surface between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3, reducing the ring expansion deformation stiffness of the measuring elastomer unit 3, and reducing the contact friction coefficient between the upper force transmission unit 1 / lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3.

[0035] The present application also proposes a construction method of a loading and unloading measurement model based on the self-adaptive eccentric compensation sensitized pressure ring sensor, in which the friction direction between the contact surfaces of the upper force transmission unit 1, the lower force transmission unit 2 and the measuring elastomer unit 3 will change during the increase or decrease of the bolt fastening force, i.e. during the loading or unloading process of the self-adaptive eccentric compensation sensitized pressure ring sensor; based on this, the measurement model is established for the loading and unloading stages respectively, so as to improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor; the method steps include:

[0036] Step one, according to the sensor, load to the range of each level 10KN, then unload, at the same time, the corresponding grating wavelength offset of the fiber grating strain measurement unit 9 is read by using the fiber demodulator and the average value is taken;

[0037] Step two, the load and the average value of the wavelength offset are normalized respectively, and the normalization method is divided by the maximum value of the data;

[0038] Step three, the data of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor in the loading stage are linearly fitted to obtain the loading measurement model of the sensor;

[0039] Step four, the data of the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor in the unloading process are segmented linearly fitted to obtain the unloading measurement model of the sensor.

[0040] The application relates to a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and a loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof. Bolt connection is widely used in the node connection of various structures, and high-strength bolts are more used in the key parts of the structure. However, if the bolt pre-tightening force is improperly set, the connection failure will affect the overall performance and safety of the structure. The gasket type pressure sensor is one of the commonly used sensing technologies for measuring bolt fastening force. However, due to the limitation of the traditional measurement principle, the existing gasket type pressure sensor has many problems such as large volume, limited range, measurement results affected by eccentric load and friction between the sensor and the nut / structure. Therefore, the application provides a self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor. The sensor adopts a spherical gasket type structure design, can automatically adjust and compensate the angle deviation between the contact planes, and reduces the influence of eccentricity on the measurement result. The established sensor loading and unloading measurement model can accurately monitor the bolt fastening force in real time. The sensor measurement unit deformation adopts fiber grating measurement, and has the advantages of high precision and good reliability. In addition, the sensor pressure measurement result is irrelevant to the friction coefficient of the contact surface between the sensor and the nut and the structure, and the measurement accuracy of the sensor in actual application is further improved. The sensitivity enhancement type spherical gasket type pressure sensor in the application has the advantages of small volume, large range, high precision, automatic correction, good reliability and the like.

[0041] The application further provides an electronic device including a memory and a processor, the memory stores a computer program, and the processor implements the steps of the construction method of the loading and unloading measurement model of the sensor when executing the computer program.

[0042] The application further provides a computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, and the computer instructions implement the steps of the construction method of the loading and unloading measurement model of the sensor when executed by a processor.

[0043] The memory in the embodiments of the present application can be a volatile memory or a nonvolatile memory, or can include both volatile and nonvolatile memory. Among them, the nonvolatile memory can be a read only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), an electrically EPROM (EEPROM), or a flash memory. The volatile memory can be a random access memory (RAM) used as an external cache. By way of example, and not limitation, many forms of RAM can be used, such as static RAM (SRAM), dynamic RAM (DRAM), synchronous dynamic RAM (SDRAM), double data rate SDRAM (DDR SDRAM), enhanced SDRAM (ESDRAM), synchlink DRAM (SLDRAM), and direct rambus RAM (DRRAM). It is noted that the memory of the methods described herein is intended to include, but not be limited to, these and any other suitable types of memory.

[0044] In the above embodiments, all or part of the methods can be implemented by software, hardware, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, all or part of the methods can be implemented in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer instructions. When the computer instructions are loaded and executed on a computer, all or part of the processes or functions described in the embodiments of the present application are generated. The computer can be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, or other programmable devices. The computer instructions can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium or transferred from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions can be transferred from one website, computer, server, or data center to another website, computer, server, or data center through wired (such as coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line (DSL)) or wireless (such as infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.) manner. The computer-readable storage medium can be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes one or more available media sets. The available media can be magnetic media (such as floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (such as high-density digital video disc (DVD)), or semiconductor media (such as solid state disc (SSD)), etc.

[0045] In the implementation process, each step of the above method can be completed by integrated logic circuit of hardware in the processor or instruction in the form of software. The steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as hardware processor execution, or executed by combination of hardware and software modules in the processor. The software module can be located in random access memory, flash memory, read-only memory, programmable read-only memory, electrically erasable programmable memory, register, and other mature storage media in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.

[0046] It should be noted that the processor in the embodiments of the present application can be an integrated circuit chip with a signal processing capability. In the implementation process, each step of the method embodiments can be completed by the integrated logic circuit of hardware or the instruction in the form of software in the processor. The processor mentioned above can be a general processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components. The disclosed methods, steps and logic block diagrams in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed. The general processor can be a microprocessor or the processor can also be any conventional processor. The steps of the method disclosed in combination with the embodiments of the present application can be directly embodied as a hardware code processor for execution, or a combination of hardware and software modules in the code processor for execution. The software module can be located in a random access memory, a flash memory, a read only memory, a programmable read only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register or other mature storage medium in the art. The storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory, and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method.

[0047] The above describes in detail the self-adaptive eccentricity compensation and sensitivity enhancement type pressure ring sensor and the loading and unloading measurement model construction method thereof. The principles and implementation manners of the present application are described by using specific examples. The above embodiment is only used to help understand the method of the present application and its core idea. Meanwhile, for those skilled in the art, according to the idea of the present application, the specific implementation manner and application range will be changed. In summary, the content of the specification should not be understood as a limitation of the present application.

Claims

1. A self-adapting eccentricity-compensated pressure ring sensor, characterized in that, The sensor comprises an upper force transmission unit (1), a lower force transmission unit (2), a measuring elastic body unit (3), an upper protective cover plate (4) and a lower protective cover plate (5); The upper force transmission unit (1), the lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3) are provided with concentric through holes (11) through which bolts pass; the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) is an outwardly protruding spherical torus; the upper surface and the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit (3) each comprise an inwardly recessed spherical torus; the two spherical toruses are in close contact with the spherical toruses on the lower surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) and the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) respectively; the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of a nut; the upper protective cover plate (4) is bonded to the upper surface of the measuring elastic body unit (3) by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended part of the upper protective cover plate (4) is in contact with the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the upper force transmission unit (1) for limiting excessive deflection of the upper force transmission unit (1); the lower surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) has two horizontal stepped layers, and the outermost layer is in contact with the surface of a structure; the lower protective cover plate (5) is bonded to the lower surface of the measuring elastic body unit (3) by epoxy resin, and the middle suspended part of the lower protective cover plate (5) is in contact with the second horizontal step of the upper surface of the lower force transmission unit (2) for limiting excessive deflection of the lower force transmission unit (2).

2. The sensor of claim 1, wherein, A large annular shallow groove (7) is arranged at the middle position of the outer side of the measuring elastic body unit (3), and a small annular shallow groove (8) is further arranged in the large annular shallow groove (7), and two or more fiber grating strain measurement units (9) are uniformly arranged in the small annular shallow groove (8); the fiber grating strain measurement unit (9) is bonded to the small annular shallow groove (8) by glue; a fiber grating temperature measurement unit (10) is arranged in the large annular shallow groove (7).

3. The sensor of claim 2, wherein, The outer side of the measuring elastic body unit (3) is surrounded by an external protective shell (6) and is fixed by spot welding at the overlapping part, and the external protective shell (6) is used to protect the fiber grating strain measurement unit (9) and the fiber grating temperature measurement unit (10) from external damage; after the fiber grating strain measurement unit (9) and the fiber grating temperature measurement unit (10) are connected in series by optical fibers, the optical fibers are pulled out from the middle small hole (12) of the external protective shell (6), and are connected to a fiber grating demodulator for measurement.

4. The sensor of claim 3, wherein, Lubricant is added between the spherical contact surfaces of the measuring elastic body unit (3) and the upper force transmission unit (1) and the lower force transmission unit (2) for reducing the friction coefficient between the measuring elastic body unit (3) and the upper force transmission unit (1) and the lower force transmission unit (2).

5. The sensor of claim 4, wherein, When the bolt fastening force is transmitted to the sensitive spherical gasket type pressure sensor by the structure / nut, the upper force transmission unit (1) and the lower force transmission unit (2) transmit the pressure to the measuring elastic body unit (3) through the spherical contact surface between the measuring elastic body unit (3), causing the circumferential expansion of the outside of the measuring elastic body unit (3); the expansion strain is measured by the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit (9), and after the temperature influence is removed by using the fiber Bragg grating temperature measurement unit (10) data, the pressure value received by the sensor, i.e. the bolt fastening force, is converted according to the sensitivity coefficient of the pressure ring sensor.

6. The sensor of claim 5, wherein, When the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) and the nut / structure contact surface are uneven or the eccentric bolt fastening force is generated by material defects, through the design of the spherical contact structure, the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) will adaptively deflect, automatically adjust and compensate the angular deviation between the planes, and reduce the influence of eccentricity on the measurement results of the adaptive eccentric compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor.

7. The sensor of claim 6, wherein, The measurement sensitivity of the sensor is increased by reducing the diameter of the contact spherical ring surface between the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3), reducing the circumferential expansion deformation stiffness of the measuring elastic body unit (3), and reducing the contact friction coefficient between the upper force transmission unit (1) / lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3).

8. The method of constructing a load and unload measurement model for a sensor according to claim 6, characterized in that, During the increase or decrease of the bolt fastening force, i.e. during the loading or unloading process of the adaptive eccentric compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor, the direction of the friction force between the contact surface of the upper force transmission unit (1), the lower force transmission unit (2) and the measuring elastic body unit (3) will change; Based on this, the measurement model is established for the loading and unloading stages respectively to improve the measurement accuracy of the sensor; The method steps include: Step one, load the sensor by 10KN per stage, and then unload it by stage after reaching the range, while reading the corresponding grating wavelength shift of the fiber Bragg grating strain measurement unit (9) by using the fiber demodulator and taking the average value; Step two, normalize the load and wavelength shift average value respectively, and the normalization method is to divide the maximum value of the data; Step three, linearly fit the data of the adaptive eccentric compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor in the loading stage to obtain the loading measurement model of the sensor; Step four, piecewise linearly fit the data of the adaptive eccentric compensation sensitive pressure ring sensor in the unloading process to obtain the unloading measurement model of the sensor. 9.An electronic device comprising a memory and a processor, the memory storing a computer program, wherein, The processor executes the computer program to realize the steps of the method of claim 8.

10. A computer readable storage medium for storing computer instructions, characterized in that, The computer instructions are executed by the processor to realize the steps of the method of claim 8.

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