Detection system and method of sand lysimeter

Abstract

The invention discloses a detection system and method of a sand lysimeter, and belongs to the technical field of sand lysimeters, the detection system comprises an acquisition module, an analysis module, a calculation module and an output module; the acquisition module is used for acquiring the mass of the inner barrel and the soil column in the barrel through a sensor on the outer barrel; the mass of water in the water receiving basin is obtained through a sensor of the water receiving basin; the analysis module is used for carrying out anomaly analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marking the abnormal quality data; the calculation module is used for calculating evaporation capacity according to metering interval selection of man-machine interaction; and the output module outputs the evaporation capacity as a detection result of the sand lysimeter. Abnormal data caused by wind and sand interference can be effectively judged and marked and adjusted, and deviation of evaporation capacity calculation caused by abnormal values is avoided.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of sand lysimeters, and in particular to a detection system and method for a sand lysimeter. Background Art

[0002] In arid and semi-arid areas, water shortage has become a key factor restricting the sustainable development of agriculture. Understanding the migration of soil moisture, especially the evaporation and infiltration process, is of great significance for formulating scientific water-saving irrigation strategies, improving soil structure, and improving farmland water use efficiency. Lysimeters, as an important tool for studying the dynamic changes of soil moisture, are widely used in soil physics, ecohydrology, and environmental science.

[0003] Traditional lysimeters are mostly used in humid areas. Their structures and measurement methods are often difficult to adapt to the complex and changeable climatic conditions and wind and sand disturbances in sandy environments, which in turn affects the continuity and accuracy of the data. Especially in sandy ecosystems, evaporation is significantly affected by factors such as temperature, wind speed, and soil texture. How to obtain real and reliable evaporation data under natural conditions is still a technical difficulty in current research. In addition, existing detection methods are susceptible to external interference during long-term operation, such as wind and sand intrusion, water droplet splashing, etc., which leads to distortion of sensor data and lack of effective abnormality identification and automatic correction mechanisms. Therefore, there is an urgent need for an evaporation monitoring system that is more suitable for sandy environments to improve the accuracy and stability of data acquisition. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is proposed.

[0005] Therefore, the technical problem solved by the present invention is: how to identify anomalies in sand evaporation data and accurately calculate evaporation in response to wind and sand interference.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, a detection method of a sand lysimeter is proposed, which includes: a collection module, an analysis module, a calculation module, and an output module; The acquisition module obtains the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel through the sensor on the outer cylinder; and obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through the sensor of the water receiving basin; The analysis module performs abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marks the abnormal quality data for reminding the data quality when selecting the measurement interval; The calculation module calculates the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction; The output module outputs the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0007] As a preferred solution of the detection system of the sand lysimeter described in the present invention, wherein: the sand lysimeter is composed of three parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a water receiving basin; The outer cylinder is equipped with a mass sensor, and the inner cylinder is supported by a slot and suspended above the water basin; The inner tube is equipped with soil columns; the outer tube is equipped with a rain shield, which is higher than the outer tube wall and slopes outwards; The inner tube is placed in the outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is flush with the rain shield.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is to provide a detection method for a sand lysimeter, comprising: obtaining the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel through a sensor on the outer cylinder; obtaining the mass of water in the water receiving basin through a sensor in the water receiving basin; Perform abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and mark the abnormal quality data to remind the data quality when selecting the measurement interval; Calculate the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction; The evaporation amount is output as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the detection method of a sand lysimeter described in the present invention, when the sand lysimeter is buried, a matching device is arranged around the buried position; The supporting device includes, through preliminary experiments, obtaining a sand prevention and fixation scheme that can minimize the impact on the experimental data of the lysimeter; The sand prevention and fixation scheme includes: method one: inserting the tamarisk sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; method two: placing the tamarisk sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil; method three: cutting the soft rubber hollow mat made of PVC into three circles that are 1, 2, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, respectively, stacking them on top of the lysimeter in sequence, and cutting the position of the lysimeter in the middle to expose the lysimeter.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the detection method of the sand lysimeter described in the present invention, the abnormal analysis includes: assuming that the mass of the inner tube together with the soil column in the barrel and the mass in the water receiving basin are all step-wise changes; and in the observation period, the speed of the mass change shows a trend of first fast and then slow; Among them, the mass change of the inner tube together with the soil column in the barrel changes continuously between the gradients; The anomaly is analyzed based on the synchronization of the mass changes of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel and the mass changes in the water receiving basin.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the detection method of a sand lysimeter described in the present invention, when the mass of the inner tube together with the soil column in the barrel increases, it is determined to be a conventional abnormality, and the increased mass value is recorded as the abnormal part; The synchronization includes calculating the actual change in total mass between the current moment and the previous moment when the mass of the barrel and the soil column in the barrel decreases gradually. ;like or , it is judged as a synchronization anomaly, and the abnormal part is passed express:

[0012] in, It indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the previous moment. It indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the current moment. represents the mass in the water basin at the previous moment, Indicates the mass in the water basin at the current moment, Indicates the predicted value of evaporation rate at the current moment; It indicates the minimum deviation of the predicted evaporation rate in the historical records; It indicates the maximum deviation of the predicted evaporation rate in the historical records; The calculation process specifically includes: In the mass change curve of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel, the mass data at all gradient change moments are removed to obtain the segments with continuous changes between each gradient; Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, including the time axis and the mass axis; On the timeline, fix the first segment and translate the other segments up and down; assume that the end of segment 1 is point P, the head of segment 2 is point Q, and segment 1 is the previous segment of segment 2; connect points P and Q by translating segment 2, so that the smoothness of the connection between points P and Q is the highest; After translating all the segments in sequence, the prediction curve is obtained; In a two-dimensional coordinate system, The corresponding time interval is locked, and the mass change within the interval is used as The calculation results of The interval length of the time interval is equal to the time interval of sensor sampling.

[0013] As a preferred solution of the detection method of a sand lysimeter described in the present invention, wherein: the marking of abnormal quality data includes visualizing the recorded data, and at each recording moment, for the quality of the inner tube together with the soil column in the barrel: if the quality change between the previous moment and the current moment is abnormal, the quality at the current moment is marked, and the abnormal part is recorded at the same time; When selecting the metering interval, if there is a mark in the selected metering interval, the user will be reminded that the data quality is poor; if there is no mark in the selected metering interval, no reminder will be issued to the user, and the default data quality is excellent.

[0014] As a preferred solution of the detection method of a sand lysimeter described in the present invention, the calculation of the evaporation includes selecting the start and end times of the metering interval through human-computer interaction, obtaining the mass at the start and end times in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the prediction curve, and obtaining the evaporation in the metering interval after subtracting the mass at the start and end times; If daily evaporation is selected, the evaporation from the current time to 24 hours ago will be obtained.

[0015] A computer device includes a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, and is characterized in that the processor implements the steps of a detection method for a sand lysimeter when executing the computer program.

[0016] A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that when the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of the detection method of a sand lysimeter are implemented.

[0017] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: by acquiring the quality data of the inner tube and the water receiving basin through the acquisition module, and identifying the regularity of the quality change in combination with the analysis module, it is possible to effectively judge the abnormal data caused by wind and sand interference, and mark and adjust them to avoid the abnormal values ​​from causing deviations in the evaporation calculation. At the same time, the evaporation rate prediction mechanism is introduced to enable the system to have the ability to adaptively identify abnormal data, thereby improving the accuracy and credibility of the evaporation data. In addition, by selecting the metering interval through human-computer interaction, it is convenient for users to flexibly obtain evaporation data for the required time period, thereby improving the convenience of use. The present invention has a simple structure and strong adaptability. It is particularly suitable for soil moisture monitoring in special environments such as drought and sandy land, and has good promotion and application value. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work.

[0019] Figure 1 An overall flow chart of a detection method for a sand lysimeter provided in one embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2This is a device diagram of method three in a supporting device for a detection method of a sand lysimeter provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a device diagram of method 1 in a supporting device for a detection method of a sand lysimeter provided by an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present invention more obvious and easy to understand, the specific implementation methods of the present invention are described in detail below in conjunction with the drawings of the specification. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, but not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary persons in the art without creative work should fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0023] Embodiment 1 is the first embodiment of the present invention, which provides a detection system for a sand lysimeter, including: a collection module, an analysis module, a calculation module, and an output module.

[0024] The collection module obtains the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel through the sensor on the outer cylinder; and obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through the sensor of the water receiving basin.

[0025] The analysis module performs abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marks the abnormal quality data for providing a reminder on the data quality when selecting the metering interval.

[0026] The calculation module calculates the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction.

[0027] The output module outputs the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0028] The sand land lysimeter consists of three parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a water receiving basin.

[0029] The outer cylinder is equipped with a mass sensor, and the inner cylinder is supported by a slot and suspended above the water basin.

[0030] Earth columns are installed in the inner tube; there is a rain shield on the outer tube, which is higher than the outer tube wall and slopes outward.

[0031] The inner tube is placed in the outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is flush with the rain shield.

[0032] Example 2, reference Figure 1 , which is a second embodiment of the present invention, provides a detection method for a sand lysimeter, comprising: When the sand lysimeter is buried, supporting devices are arranged around the burying position.

[0033] The supporting device includes a sand control and sand fixation scheme that can minimize the impact on the experimental data of the lysimeter through preliminary experiments. The sand control and sand fixation scheme includes method one: vertically inserting the sand barrier of Salix psammophila around the lysimeter; method two: directly placing the sand barrier of Salix psammophila around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil; method three: cutting the soft rubber hollow mat made of PVC into three circles that are 1, 2, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, stacking them on top of the lysimeter in sequence, and cutting the position of the middle lysimeter to leak out the lysimeter.

[0034] S1: The mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the bucket is obtained through the sensor on the outer cylinder; the mass of the water in the water receiving basin is obtained through the sensor on the water receiving basin.

[0035] S2: Perform abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and mark the abnormal quality data to provide data quality reminders when selecting the measurement interval.

[0036] Assume that the mass of the inner tube together with the soil column in the bucket and the mass in the water basin all change in a step-by-step manner; and during the observation period, the speed of mass change shows a trend of first fast and then slow. Among them, the mass change of the inner tube together with the soil column in the bucket changes continuously between the gradients. According to the synchronization of the mass change of the inner tube together with the soil column in the bucket and the mass change in the water basin, the anomaly is analyzed.

[0037] Furthermore, the assumption that the "mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket" and the "mass in the water basin" both change in a step-by-step manner and show a trend of first fast and then slow during the observation period is based on the comprehensive consideration of the following scientific and experimental laws: 1. The evaporation process of water in the soil column is usually divided into three stages: Stage 1 (fast evaporation): The soil surface is well-watered, evaporation mainly depends on atmospheric driving force, and the evaporation rate is high. Stage 2 (slowing evaporation): As the surface moisture decreases, the capillary water supply capacity decreases, and the evaporation rate gradually slows down. Stage 3 (slowing evaporation): The soil becomes dry, water migration is difficult, and evaporation tends to be stable or even very low.

[0038] Therefore, from the perspective of mass, the mass decrease rate (i.e., evaporation) of the inner tube soil column shows a trend of first fast and then slow, and the slope of the corresponding mass change curve gradually decreases.

[0039] 2. The behavior of leaking water into the water basin is also staged: Since seepage is a process in which water moves downward layer by layer, the mass in the water collection basin (i.e., the accumulated mass of the seepage water) will also change in a similar rhythm: at the beginning, there is more seepage water and the mass increases faster. As the soil column dries, the seepage rate slows down and the mass change of the water collection basin slows down. It shows a step-by-step increase trend, but the growth rate gradually decreases.

[0040] Furthermore, if the actual data features do not meet this assumption, it is necessary to use a neural network to process the data. In this embodiment, a time series model with a transformer structure is used: Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN). Compared with traditional time series networks such as LSTM / GRU, TCN is based on a one-dimensional convolution operation, can process the entire sequence in parallel, has higher computational efficiency, and avoids the problem of gradient disappearance. TCN can accurately capture the mutation points, stable segments, and transition changes in the data through convolution kernels with different receptive fields, which is very suitable for the quality image data processing of "breakpoint-slow change-jump change" in the present invention. TCN uses causal convolution to ensure that the model only uses past and current information to predict the current state, does not introduce future information, and conforms to the unidirectionality of the evaporation-leakage physical process. Through the superposition of multiple layers of convolution, the original quality change image can be structurally "fitted and reconstructed", and a smooth prediction curve that meets the characteristics of "step-by-step + fast first and slow later" can be output as a reference image for abnormal analysis and trend comparison.

[0041] When the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket increases, it is determined to be a regular abnormality, and the increased mass value is recorded as the abnormal part. The synchronization includes two situations when the mass of the tube and the soil column in the bucket decreases in a gradient manner. 1. The mass in the water collection basin does not increase in a gradient manner (this means that only the mass of the upper part has changed, and the lower part has not changed). 2. Both the upper and lower parts have changed, but the upper part has changed too much or too little, resulting in asymmetry with the analysis results below (for example, a particle is blown away from the upper part, and a drop of water is collected from the lower part at the same time).

[0042] Calculate the actual change in total mass between the current moment and the previous moment ;like (For example, a particle is blown onto the inner cylinder, and the mass of the blown particle is less than the mass of the falling water droplet at this time) or (For example, if a particle is blown away), it is considered as a synchronization anomaly, and the abnormal part is passed express:

[0043] in, It indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the previous moment. It indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the current moment. represents the mass in the water basin at the previous moment, Indicates the mass in the water basin at the current moment, Indicates the predicted value of evaporation rate at the current moment; It indicates the minimum deviation of the predicted evaporation rate in the historical records; Indicates the maximum deviation of the evaporation rate prediction value in the historical records.

[0044] It should be noted that in the actual operating environment, external disturbances (such as wind, particle blowing, animal interference, etc.) may cause: the upper mass (inner tube) to decrease (such as particles being blown away); the lower mass (water basin) to increase at the same time (such as water drops falling in).

[0045] However, such events should not be misjudged by the system as normal evaporation-leakage. Therefore, by judging whether the upper and lower parts change at the same time and whether the magnitude of the upper and lower changes is seriously mismatched, this "false synchronization" phenomenon can be effectively identified to avoid mistaking interference data for real evaporation-seepage processes.

[0046] Using an implicit premise of total mass conservation: under ideal conditions without abnormal interference, the sum of mass changes between the inner tube and the water basin should be approximately equal to the actual evaporation. If in actual observation, the difference between the total mass change and the predicted evaporation rate is too large, and there is an abnormality in the direction / amplitude of the up and down changes (such as "up + down" or extremely mismatched magnitude), it can be determined as a synchronous abnormal event. This treatment avoids generalizing and omitting complex disturbances.

[0047] In order to avoid the misjudgment caused by "pure difference logic", the present invention introduces the evaporation rate prediction value and its historical deviation range (minimum value / maximum value) to achieve: intelligent comparison of "total mass change" and "evaporation trend"; use the historical model to reversely infer whether the current fluctuation deviates from the reasonable range; if the fluctuation falls outside the deviation, it is judged as abnormal; this reflects the intelligent and adaptive judgment mechanism in the invention design, which is more scientific and reliable than the traditional fixed threshold method.

[0048] The calculation process specifically includes: In the mass change curve of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel, the mass data at all gradient change moments are removed to obtain segments with continuous changes between each gradient.

[0049] Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, including the time axis and the mass axis.

[0050] On the timeline, fix the first segment and translate the other segments up and down; assume that the tail of segment 1 is point P, the head of segment 2 is point Q, and segment 1 is the previous segment of segment 2; by translating segment 2, connect points P and Q so that the smoothness of the connection between points P and Q is the highest.

[0051] After translating all segments in sequence, the prediction curve is obtained.

[0052] In a two-dimensional coordinate system, The corresponding time interval is locked, and the mass change within the interval is used as The calculation result of .

[0053] The interval length of the time interval is equal to the time interval of sensor sampling.

[0054] In the mass change curve, the so-called "gradient change moment" often represents a data jump caused by a sudden anomaly (such as a particle falling in, etc.), which can easily cover up the real evaporation trend. Removing these sudden changes and retaining only the continuous and slowly changing segments between each segment will help to "restore" the real evaporation behavior from the disturbance data. At the same time, when water leaks downward in the barrel, it is impossible for the water to be a gas like evaporation, and the leaking water will only fall when it gathers into droplets. Then when the water droplets fall, they will also be captured by high-precision sensors, so they will also appear as a gradient. By eliminating all gradient factors, the result is the mass evaporated in the form of gas.

[0055] Each continuous change segment is aligned by translation up and down in the two-dimensional time-mass coordinate system, and the smoothness between the adjacent segments at the joint point (P, Q) is maximized, so that multiple segments are fitted into a continuous and smooth curve. This curve is the ideal evaporation trend prediction curve after "abnormal removal + trend alignment", which provides a baseline for subsequent abnormal judgment. Compared with directly identifying trends on the original curve, this method converts discrete curve segments into a structured translation alignment process, and establishes a logically clear, stable and reliable trend model through unified alignment rules (P to Q), thereby improving the calculation accuracy and consistency of evaporation rate prediction. Once the prediction curve is constructed, the predicted mass change can be obtained within the time interval corresponding to the current moment (equal to the sampling interval) by locking the time interval corresponding to the current moment, as the "evaporation rate prediction value". This method is more flexible, intuitive and visual than fitting formulas or fixed models, and is suitable for prediction needs under variable natural conditions.

[0056] The final prediction curve can be used to compare with the actual mass change curve. If the mass change of an actual sampling point is far away from the prediction curve, it can be identified as an abnormality, which helps to accurately identify abnormal behaviors such as falling sand and stone particles and wind disturbances.

[0057] In this embodiment, the smoothness judgment process includes judging the smoothness of the prediction curve through a pre-trained discriminator, and fixing the segments in the time series in sequence until each segment is smooth.

[0058] A pre-trained discriminator is introduced. The model has the ability to judge whether a mass change curve is "smooth enough" by training a large number of historical real evaporation trend curves. The input of the discriminator is each pair of spliced ​​segments (the first segment has a fixed position, and the second segment is not fixed), and the output is a smoothness evaluation score. When the score is the maximum, the "second segment" is fixed, and so on.

[0059] The recorded data is visualized. At each recording moment, for the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket: if the mass change between the previous moment and the current moment is abnormal, the mass at the current moment is marked and the abnormal part is recorded. When selecting the metering interval, if there is a mark in the selected metering interval, the user is reminded that the data quality is poor; if there is no mark in the selected metering interval, no reminder is issued to the user, and the default data quality is excellent.

[0060] It should be noted that in actual measurement, the "mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel" is weighed at the start and end times, and the volume of the leaked water in the water collection basin is measured. The evaporation amount is obtained by subtracting the weight difference between the start and end times from the weight of the leaked water during the period. This measured value is usually used to verify the calculated value of evaporation (the output result of this scheme). If there is no mark of an abnormal part in a time interval, the measured value should be approximately equal to the calculated value. If the difference is too large, it means that the calculation accuracy is not enough and needs to be adjusted. The fitting process is readjusted.

[0061] Another thing to say is that the abnormal part is marked to indicate that the data in this part is "unavailable". The abnormal part needs to be submitted to the manual part for data processing. Generally, when an abnormal part appears, the data in this time period will not be allowed to participate in the calculation or measurement of evaporation. When selecting the time interval for measurement, the time interval cannot contain the mark of the abnormal part. If there is a mark of the abnormal part in the selected time interval, and the user accepts a certain degree of "inaccuracy", the calculated value can be output; however, the calculated value cannot be negated by the measured value of evaporation in this time interval.

[0062] S3: Calculate the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction.

[0063] Furthermore, the start and end times of the measurement interval are selected through human-computer interaction, and the masses of the start and end times are obtained in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the prediction curve. After subtracting the masses of the start and end times, the evaporation in the measurement interval is obtained. If daily evaporation is selected, the measurement interval is: from the current time to 24 hours traced back. By selecting the measurement interval, it can help researchers measure daily evaporation, weekly evaporation, monthly evaporation, or evaporation in any period. It has great research significance for analyzing vegetation growth and other aspects.

[0064] It should be said that by visualizing the quality data at each recorded moment, users can intuitively view the quality change curve and quickly identify possible jump points on the image. The system automatically determines whether the quality changes at adjacent moments are abnormal in the background and marks them on the graph. This design realizes graphical prompts and tracking of abnormal points, which is convenient for users to understand and verify. After selecting the time interval on the graphical interface, the system can automatically extract the quality data of the start and end points in the two-dimensional coordinate system, perform difference operations, and calculate the evaporation amount. By combining the visual "click-compare-calculate" process, error calculations caused by the mixing of abnormal data can be avoided to ensure the scientificity and effectiveness of the evaporation amount.

[0065] For research needs that require daily-scale analysis, the system provides a convenient measurement method that automatically "traces back 24 hours" to quickly output daily evaporation data, facilitating horizontal comparison and analysis in different time periods, different devices or different test conditions.

[0066] S4: Outputting the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

[0067] Embodiment 3 is the third embodiment of the present invention, which is different from the first two embodiments in that: If the functions are implemented in the form of software functional units and sold or used as independent products, they can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. Based on this understanding, the technical solution of the present invention, or the part that contributes to the prior art or the part of the technical solution, can be embodied in the form of a software product. The computer software product is stored in a storage medium, including several instructions for a computer device (which can be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the method described in each embodiment of the present invention. The aforementioned storage medium includes: U disk, mobile hard disk, read-only memory (ROM, Read-Only Memory), random access memory (RAM, Random Access Memory), disk or optical disk, etc., which can store program codes.

[0068] The logic and / or steps represented in the flowchart or otherwise described herein, for example, can be considered as an ordered list of executable instructions for implementing logical functions, and can be embodied in any computer-readable medium for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus (such as a computer-based system, a system including a processor, or other system that can fetch instructions from an instruction execution system, device or apparatus and execute instructions), or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses. For the purposes of this specification, "computer-readable medium" can be any device that can contain, store, communicate, propagate or transmit a program for use by an instruction execution system, device or apparatus, or in conjunction with such instruction execution systems, devices or apparatuses.

[0069] More specific examples of computer-readable media (a non-exhaustive list) include the following: an electrical connection with one or more wires (electronic device), a portable computer disk case (magnetic device), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable and programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), an optical fiber device, and a portable compact disk read-only memory (CDROM). In addition, the computer-readable medium may even be a paper or other suitable medium on which the program is printed, since the program may be obtained electronically, for example, by optically scanning the paper or other medium, followed by editing, deciphering or, if necessary, processing in another suitable manner, and then stored in a computer memory.

[0070] It should be understood that the various parts of the present invention can be implemented by hardware, software, firmware or a combination thereof. In the above-mentioned embodiments, multiple steps or methods can be implemented by software or firmware stored in a memory and executed by a suitable instruction execution system. For example, if implemented by hardware, as in another embodiment, it can be implemented by any one or combination of the following technologies known in the art: a discrete logic circuit having a logic gate circuit for implementing a logic function for a data signal, a dedicated integrated circuit having a suitable combination of logic gate circuits, a programmable gate array (PGA), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), etc.

[0071] Example 4, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 , which is the fourth embodiment of the present invention, provides a detection method for a sand lysimeter, including.

[0072] A homemade micro-lysimeter was used to measure the evapotranspiration under the forest (including evaporation of soil, litter and transpiration of understory vegetation). The lysimeter consists of an outer cylinder (20.5 cm in diameter and 40 cm in height), an inner cylinder (20 cm in diameter and 35 cm in height) and a water collection basin (19.5 cm in diameter and 10 cm in height), as shown in the figure. During installation, first dig a soil column with the same diameter and height as the inner cylinder (try not to destroy the soil column structure), then insert the inner cylinder into the soil column, take out the inner cylinder and the soil column together, and cover the bottom cover. Then bury the outer cylinder in the original soil pit, and then put the water collection basin and the inner cylinder with the soil column back into the outer cylinder. Three lysimeters were randomly arranged in each plot.

[0073] In case of rainfall, the evapotranspiration under the forest is deemed to be 0 during the rainfall, and additional measurements are conducted after the rainfall stops.

[0074] The average value of all lysimeter measurement results in the sample plot was taken as the evapotranspiration of the forest floor (E, mm).

[0075] Since the study area is located in the Maowusu Desert, the special soil conditions and climate characteristics of the region lead to high wind speeds and low vegetation coverage in the area all year round. After installing the homemade lysimeter, the experimental data did not conform to the actual situation. After repeated tests, it was found that the reason was that the flowing sand next to the lysimeter was blown into the lysimeter, resulting in high test data. In order to prevent the influence of quicksand on lysimeter data, we set up a supporting device on the basis of the original lysimeter to prevent the surrounding quicksand from being blown into the lysimeter by the wind. Figure 3 Method 1: Insert the Salix psammophila sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; Method 2: Place the Salix psammophila sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil to prevent interference with the lysimeter data. Method 3: Figure 2 : Cut the soft rubber leather of PVC material (similar to diamond / square hollow floor mat) into circles 1, 2, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, cut the position of the middle lysimeter to expose the lysimeter, compare the data, and determine the sand prevention and fixation auxiliary device with the least impact on the lysimeter test data.

[0076] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the present invention may be modified or replaced by equivalents without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the present invention, which should all be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A detection system for a sand lysimeter, characterized in that: Including, acquisition module, analysis module, calculation module, output module; The acquisition module obtains the mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the barrel through the sensor on the outer cylinder; and obtains the mass of the water in the water receiving basin through the sensor of the water receiving basin; The analysis module performs abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and marks the abnormal quality data for reminding the data quality when selecting the measurement interval; The calculation module calculates the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction; The output module outputs the evaporation amount as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

2. A detection system for a sand lysimeter as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The sand land lysimeter is composed of three parts: an outer cylinder, an inner cylinder and a water receiving basin; The outer cylinder is equipped with a mass sensor, and the inner cylinder is supported by a slot and suspended above the water basin; The inner tube is equipped with soil columns; the outer tube is equipped with a rain shield, which is higher than the outer tube wall and slopes outwards; The inner tube is placed in the outer tube, and the top of the inner tube is flush with the rain shield.

3. A detection method for a sand lysimeter, applied to a detection system for a sand lysimeter as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that: The mass of the inner cylinder and the soil column in the bucket is obtained through the sensor on the outer cylinder; the mass of the water in the water receiving basin is obtained through the sensor on the water receiving basin; Perform abnormal analysis on the quality data of the sensor and mark the abnormal quality data to remind the data quality when selecting the measurement interval; Calculate the evaporation amount according to the metering interval selection of human-computer interaction; The evaporation amount is output as the detection result of the sand lysimeter.

4. The detection method of a sand lysimeter as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: When the sand lysimeter is buried, supporting devices are arranged around the burying position; The supporting device includes, through preliminary experiments, obtaining a sand prevention and fixation scheme that can minimize the impact on the experimental data of the lysimeter; The sand prevention and fixation scheme includes: method one: inserting the tamarisk sand barrier vertically around the lysimeter; method two: placing the tamarisk sand barrier directly around the lysimeter without inserting it into the soil; method three: cutting the soft rubber hollow mat made of PVC into three circles that are 1, 2, and 3 times larger than the radius of the lysimeter, respectively, stacking them on top of the lysimeter in sequence, and cutting the position of the lysimeter in the middle to expose the lysimeter.

5. The detection method of a sand lysimeter as claimed in claim 4, characterized in that: The abnormal analysis includes assuming that the mass of the inner tube together with the soil column in the barrel and the mass in the water receiving basin are all step-wise changes; and during the observation period, the speed of mass change shows a trend of first fast and then slow; Among them, the mass change of the inner tube together with the soil column in the barrel changes continuously between the gradients; The anomaly is analyzed based on the synchronization of the mass changes of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel and the mass changes in the water receiving basin.

6. A method for detecting a sand lysimeter as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: When the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket increases, it is judged as a normal abnormality, and the increased mass value is recorded as the abnormal part; The synchronization includes calculating the actual change in total mass between the current moment and the previous moment when the mass of the barrel and the soil column in the barrel decreases gradually. ;like or , it is judged as a synchronization anomaly, and the abnormal part is passed express: in, It indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the previous moment. It indicates the mass of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket at the current moment. represents the mass in the water basin at the previous moment, Indicates the mass in the water basin at the current moment, Indicates the predicted value of evaporation rate at the current moment; It indicates the minimum deviation of the predicted evaporation rate in the historical records; It indicates the maximum deviation of the predicted evaporation rate in the historical records; The calculation process specifically includes: In the mass change curve of the inner tube and the soil column in the barrel, the mass data at all gradient change moments are removed to obtain the segments with continuous changes between each gradient; Establish a two-dimensional coordinate system, including the time axis and the mass axis; On the timeline, fix the first segment and translate the other segments up and down; assume that the end of segment 1 is point P, the head of segment 2 is point Q, and segment 1 is the previous segment of segment 2; connect points P and Q by translating segment 2, so that the smoothness of the connection between points P and Q is the highest; After translating all the segments in sequence, the prediction curve is obtained; In a two-dimensional coordinate system, The corresponding time interval is locked, and the mass change within the interval is used as The calculation results of The interval length of the time interval is equal to the time interval of sensor sampling.

7. A method for detecting a sand lysimeter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The marking of abnormal quality data includes visualizing the recorded data, and at each recording moment, for the quality of the inner tube and the soil column in the bucket: if the quality change between the previous moment and the current moment is abnormal, the quality at the current moment is marked, and the abnormal part is recorded at the same time; When selecting the metering interval, if there is a mark in the selected metering interval, the user is reminded: the data quality is poor; If there is no mark in the selected measurement interval, no reminder is given to the user and the default data quality is excellent.

8. The detection method of a sand lysimeter according to claim 6, characterized in that: The calculation of the evaporation amount includes selecting the start and end times of the metering interval through human-computer interaction, obtaining the masses at the start and end times in the two-dimensional coordinate system of the prediction curve, and obtaining the evaporation amount in the metering interval by subtracting the masses at the start and end times; If daily evaporation is selected, the evaporation from the current time to 24 hours ago will be obtained.

9. A computer device comprising a memory and a processor, wherein the memory stores a computer program, wherein: When the processor executes the computer program, the processor implements the steps of a detection method for a sand lysimeter according to any one of claims 3 to 8.

10. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the computer program is executed by a processor, the steps of a detection method of a sand lysimeter according to any one of claims 3 to 8 are implemented.

Images