Method and system for detecting high-sensitivity conformation of lactic acid enantiomer based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum technology and application

Abstract

The invention relates to a method and a system for high-sensitivity conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum technology and application, the method and the system are applied to a detection system, and the method comprises the following steps: a terahertz transmitting module outputs terahertz waves; the polarization state of the terahertz photons is pre-selected through the first polaroid to serve as a pre-selection state alpha of the quantum system; weak coupling interaction of terahertz waves and lactic acid enantiomers is realized between the pre-selection process and the post-selection process of a system state; a terahertz photon polarization state which is weakly coupled with the lactic acid enantiomer is screened by a second polaroid and is used as a post-selection state beta of the quantum system; the terahertz detection module receives the post-selected output signal; a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is constructed, and terahertz wave intensity variation is calculated and output and reflects physical properties of lactic acid enantiomers. Through the arrangement, high-sensitivity conformation detection of the lactic acid enantiomer is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of terahertz spectroscopy, and in particular to a method, system and application for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology. Background Art

[0002] In the medical field, lactic acid, as a metabolite of anaerobic glycolysis of glucose, exists mainly in the left-handed form (L-LA) in the human body, and the content of right-handed lactic acid (D-LA) is only about 1% of L-LA. When the body produces too much lactic acid and (or) reduces its clearance, resulting in a significant increase in blood lactate, metabolic acidosis will occur, including L-LA acidosis (serum L-LA content ≥ 5mmol / L) and D-LA acidosis (serum D-LA content ≥ 3mmol / L). The cause of lactic acidosis is complex and is related to abnormal lactic acid metabolism, circulatory disorders, diabetes and other systemic diseases in the body. Certain drugs or poisons may also induce the disease. Taking diabetic lactic acidosis as an example, it can be divided into diabetic L-LA acidosis and diabetic D-LA acidosis. Among them, diabetic L-LA acidosis is more common. Although the incidence of diabetic D-LA acidosis is only 0.25%-4.0%, the consequences are serious and the mortality rate is high. Therefore, constructing a sensitive and effective method for detecting lactate enantiomers is of great clinical significance.

[0003] Currently, existing lactic acid detection methods, such as enzyme reaction, high performance liquid chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, etc., usually require the additional addition of chiral reagents, take a long time to detect, rely on complex and sophisticated equipment, and are costly.

[0004] The terahertz (THz) frequency range is 0.1-10THz, which is between microwave and infrared bands. It has excellent characteristics such as strong penetration, non-ionization, and high temporal and spatial resolution. Many biological molecules show unique fingerprints in this band, and it has a resonant response to hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces and molecular conformation changes, showing great potential in the detection of chiral molecular enantiomers. However, due to the characteristics of terahertz water absorption, the sensitivity of terahertz detection technology is not high when applied to the detection of physical parameters of lactic acid enantiomers. Summary of the invention

[0005] In order to solve the defect of low sensitivity when terahertz detection technology is applied to the detection of physical parameters of lactic acid enantiomers, the present invention proposes a method, system and application for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology.

[0006] The technical solution adopted by the present invention is a method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology, which is applied to a system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology. The system includes: a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, a first polarizer, a sample carrier, a second polarizer, a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy detection calculation unit, and a chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit includes a terahertz emission module and a terahertz detection module. The method includes:

[0007] S10, transmitting, the terahertz transmitting module outputs a terahertz wave, and the terahertz wave passes through the first polarizer, the sample carrier, the second polarizer, and the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection and calculation unit in sequence;

[0008] S20, pre-selection, pre-selecting the polarization state of the terahertz photon via the first polarizer as the pre-selected state α of the quantum system;

[0009] S30, weak coupling, placing the sample carrier loaded with the lactic acid enantiomer between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and realizing the weak coupling interaction between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer between the pre-selection and post-selection processes of the system state;

[0010] S40, post-selection, the polarization state of the terahertz photon after weak coupling with the lactic acid enantiomer is screened by the second polarizer as the post-selected state β of the quantum system;

[0011] S50, receiving, the terahertz detection module receives the post-selected output signal;

[0012] S60, calculating, constructing a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model, and calculating the output terahertz wave intensity change according to the post-selected output signal, wherein the output terahertz wave intensity change reflects the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomers.

[0013] Furthermore, before the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomers have a weak coupling effect, the pre-selected state and the post-selected state of the system are close to orthogonal.

[0014] Further, the system is respectively set to a transmission transmission mode and a reflection transmission mode, and the sample carrier includes a sample pool and a prism; in the transmission transmission mode, the lactic acid enantiomer is loaded onto the sample pool, and the weak coupling interaction mode between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer is a transmission mode; in the reflection transmission mode, the lactic acid enantiomer is loaded onto the prism, and the weak coupling interaction mode between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer is a reflection mode;

[0015] The S60 specifically includes:

[0016] S61, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit obtains the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal;

[0017] S62. The chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to achieve accurate characterization of the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample.

[0018] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission type, the terahertz emission module outputs terahertz waves, which are vertically incident on the sample pool loaded with lactic acid enantiomers and then received by the terahertz detection module.

[0019] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission, the physical information of the lactic acid enantiomer carried by the output signal is the refractive index and optical rotation.

[0020] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission type, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is:

[0021]

[0022] Wherein, α in formula (1) is the polarization state of the incident terahertz wave, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states respectively; formula (2) represents the system pre-selected state when the sample state does not change, |T p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the transmission mode transfer function respectively; Equation (3) represents the transfer function. If the terahertz wave is incident vertically from air to the sample cell medium, the sample, and then penetrates the sample and then enters the sample cell medium again, and finally enters the air, a p,s and a′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from the sample cell medium to the sample and from the sample to the sample cell medium, b p,s and b′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from air to the sample cell medium and from the sample cell medium to air, P and P′ are the propagation factors of the terahertz wave in the air and sample; Formula (4) represents the intermediate state of the system when the sample state changes, where ΔT=Δ|T p | / |T p |-Δ|T s | / |T s|; Formula (5) represents the post-selection state of the system, β is the post-selection angle; Formula (6) represents the system output signal intensity; Formula (7) represents the initial state signal intensity when the sample state does not change; Formula (8) represents the system weak value; Formula (9) represents the signal intensity change when the sample state changes, which is the basis for obtaining the transmission mode sensing equation. The above model needs to satisfy ΔT / 2<<1 and

[0023] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is reflective, the terahertz emission module outputs a terahertz wave, which is incident on the prism at a certain angle, undergoes total reflection at the prism-lactic acid enantiomer interface, and is received by the terahertz detection module after being emitted from the prism at a certain angle.

[0024] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is reflective, the physical information of the lactic acid enantiomer carried by the output signal is the refractive index.

[0025] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is reflection type, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is:

[0026]

[0027]

[0028] Wherein, α in equation (10) is the polarization state of the incident terahertz wave, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states respectively; equation (11) represents the system preselected state when the sample state does not change, |R p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the generalized Fresnel reflection coefficient respectively; Formula (12) represents the intermediate state of the system when the sample state changes, where Formula (13) represents the post-selection state of the system, β is the post-selection angle; Formula (14) represents the system output signal intensity; Formula (15) represents the initial state signal intensity when the sample state does not change; Formula (16) represents the system weak value; Formula (17) represents the signal intensity change when the sample state changes, which is the basis for obtaining the reflection transmission mode sensing equation. The above model needs to satisfy ΔR / 2<<1 and

[0029] The present invention also provides a system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology, using the above-mentioned method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology, the system is respectively set to a transmission transmission mode and a reflection transmission mode, and the system comprises:

[0030] A terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, which is configured to emit, transmit, regulate, detect terahertz waves and measure time-domain and frequency-domain parameters of terahertz waves, and the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit includes a terahertz emission module and a terahertz detection module;

[0031] A first polarizer, which is arranged between the terahertz emission module and the sample carrier, selects the polarization state of the terahertz photon to select the system pre-selection state;

[0032] A sample carrier, comprising a sample pool and a prism, wherein the sample pool is used in a transmission mode system, and the prism is used in a reflection mode system;

[0033] A second polarizer is disposed between the sample carrier and the terahertz detection module, and selects the terahertz photons after interacting with the sample, and selects the post-selection state of the selection system;

[0034] A terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit, which obtains the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal;

[0035] The chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to achieve accurate characterization of the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample.

[0036] Furthermore, the system further comprises:

[0037] A first lens is arranged between the terahertz emission module and the first polarizer to collimate and adjust the terahertz wave;

[0038] The second lens is arranged between the second polarizer and the terahertz detection module to adjust the focus of the terahertz wave.

[0039] Furthermore, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit further includes:

[0040] Femtosecond lasers, which emit ultrashort pulses of laser beams;

[0041] A beam splitter, which is used to split the laser beam emitted by the femtosecond laser into two optical paths, one for generating terahertz waves through the terahertz emission module, and the other for detecting terahertz waves through the terahertz detection module;

[0042] An optical delay control module, which is used to control the optical path difference between the two optical paths;

[0043] A current preamplifier, which is used to amplify and output the current signal output by the terahertz detection module;

[0044] A lock-in amplifier, which is used to extract and output a useful signal from the current signal output by the current preamplifier;

[0045] A computer, which receives the signal output by the lock-in amplifier;

[0046] Several mirrors are used to change the direction of the laser beam path.

[0047] The present invention also provides an application of the system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on the above-mentioned terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology in highly sensitive multi-physical parameter detection of lactic acid enantiomers.

[0048] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0049] 1. The present invention proposes a method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology, which combines quantum weak measurement technology with terahertz time-domain spectroscopy technology. It is applicable to two common transmission modes, transmission and reflection. The optical path system is simple, easy to build and debug, and has strong robustness.

[0050] 2. Establishing transmission and reflection terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy transmission models and clarifying the relationship between the system output and the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomers of the sample to be tested is an important support for building a highly sensitive conformation detection system and application of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology;

[0051] 3. The highly sensitive conformation detection method for lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology proposed in the present invention is expected to improve the test accuracy by 2 to 3 orders of magnitude compared with the traditional terahertz time-domain spectroscopy detection method;

[0052] 4. The sensing equations obtained under the combined transmission mode and reflection transmission mode can accurately characterize the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of lactic acid enantiomer samples. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0053] The present invention is described in detail below with reference to the embodiments and accompanying drawings, wherein:

[0054] Figure 1 The figure is a flow chart of a method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology;

[0055] Figure 2 Schematic diagram of a system for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy in transmission mode;

[0056] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the sample carrier in the transmission mode;

[0057] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a system for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy in reflection transmission mode;

[0058] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the sample carrier in reflection transmission mode;

[0059] Figure 6 The present invention is a flow chart of a method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology in another embodiment.

[0060] 10. Femtosecond laser; 11. Beam splitter; 12. Optical delay control module; 13. Current preamplifier; 14. Lock-in amplifier; 15. Computer; 16. Reflector;

[0061] 21. Terahertz emission module; 22. Terahertz detection module;

[0062] 31. a first polarizer; 32. a second polarizer;

[0063] 41. Sample cell; 42. Prism;

[0064] 51. First lens; 52. Second lens. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0065] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar components or components with the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and cannot be interpreted as limiting the present invention.

[0066] In one embodiment, a method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology is applied to a system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology, the system comprising: a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, a first polarizer, a sample carrier, a second polarizer, a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy detection calculation unit, and a chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit comprising a terahertz emission module and a terahertz detection module, such as Figure 1 As shown, the method includes:

[0067] S10, emission, the terahertz emission module outputs terahertz waves, and the terahertz waves pass through the first polarizer, the sample carrier, the second polarizer, and the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection and calculation unit in sequence. The terahertz emission module acts as a signal source to generate terahertz waves. As an electromagnetic wave with a frequency between microwaves and infrared rays, terahertz waves have unique penetrability, low energy and other characteristics, and are suitable for detecting biological molecules such as lactic acid enantiomers. The emitted terahertz waves pass through the first polarizer, the sample carrier, the second polarizer, and the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection and calculation unit in sequence to provide an initial signal for the subsequent detection process.

[0068] S20, pre-selection, pre-selecting the polarization state of the terahertz photon through the first polarizer as the pre-selected state α of the quantum system. The first polarizer screens the polarization state of the terahertz photon to determine the pre-selected state α of the quantum system. In quantum mechanics, the polarization state is one of the important quantum properties of photons. By accurately selecting the pre-selected state, the foundation is laid for subsequent quantum measurement and analysis. This pre-selection operation enables the system to focus on terahertz photons with specific polarization characteristics, improving the accuracy and consistency of the measurement.

[0069] S30, weak coupling, placing the sample carrier loaded with lactic acid enantiomers between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and realizing the weak coupling interaction between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomers between the pre-selection and post-selection processes of the system state. The sample carrier loaded with lactic acid enantiomers is placed between two polarizers, and the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomers undergo weak coupling interaction. Under this interaction, the characteristics of the terahertz wave will change due to the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomers (such as refractive index, optical rotation, etc.), but this change is weak. The advantage of weak coupling is that it can minimize the interference with the original state of the lactic acid enantiomers, while allowing the terahertz wave to carry relevant physical information of the lactic acid enantiomers, providing the possibility for subsequent detection.

[0070] S40, post-selection, the second polarizer screens the polarization state of the terahertz photon after weak coupling with the lactic acid enantiomer as the post-selection state β of the quantum system. The second polarizer screens the polarization state of the terahertz photon after weak coupling with the lactic acid enantiomer to determine the post-selection state β of the quantum system. The setting of the front and back selection states α and β, combined with quantum weak measurement technology, can amplify the weak signal generated by the interaction between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer, thereby improving the sensitivity of detection. The determination of the post-selection state β further clarifies the measurement range of the quantum system, allowing the system to more accurately capture signal changes related to the lactic acid enantiomers.

[0071] S50, receiving, the terahertz detection module receives the post-selected output signal. The terahertz detection module receives the post-selected output signal. The terahertz detection module can convert the terahertz optical signal into an electrical signal for subsequent analysis and processing. This link is a key step in converting the terahertz wave signal carrying the lactic acid enantiomer information into processable data, providing a data basis for subsequent calculation and analysis.

[0072] S60, calculation, constructing a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model, calculating the output terahertz wave intensity change according to the post-selected output signal, and the output terahertz wave intensity change reflects the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomer. Constructing a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model, the model is based on the principles of quantum mechanics and the theory of the interaction between terahertz waves and matter, and takes into account multiple factors such as the propagation of terahertz waves in the entire detection process, polarization changes, and interactions with lactic acid enantiomers. According to the post-selected output signal, the output terahertz wave intensity change is calculated using the model. Since the terahertz wave intensity change is closely related to the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomer, the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomer, such as refractive index, optical rotation, etc., can be inferred by analyzing the intensity change, thereby achieving highly sensitive conformational detection of the lactic acid enantiomer.

[0073] In this embodiment, a method for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology is based on quantum weak measurement technology. By designing front and back selection states, it is possible to effectively amplify the weak signal generated by the interaction between terahertz waves and lactic acid enantiomers without amplifying technical noise. Through the constructed terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy transmission model, the output terahertz wave intensity change can be accurately calculated, and then the physical properties of lactic acid enantiomers, such as refractive index and optical rotation, can be accurately inferred. Compared with traditional detection methods, the detection sensitivity of lactic acid enantiomers is greatly improved, and the test accuracy is improved by about 2 to 3 orders of magnitude. It can detect extremely low concentrations of lactic acid enantiomers, meeting the needs of highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers.

[0074] Terahertz waves interact with lactic acid enantiomers in a weak coupling manner, which has almost no damage to the structure and properties of lactic acid enantiomers, and can achieve non-destructive testing. For the detection of living samples or precious samples in the biomedical field, the required information can be obtained without changing the original state of the samples.

[0075] Among them, before the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomers have weak coupling, the pre-selected state and post-selected state of the system are close to orthogonal. when Based on the principle of quantum weak measurement, the system is extremely sensitive to the tiny changes caused by the interaction between terahertz waves and lactic acid enantiomers. In this orthogonal state, even if the terahertz wave signal changes caused by lactic acid enantiomers are extremely weak, these weak signals can be effectively amplified by setting the front and back selection states. Compared with the detection in the non-orthogonal state, it can accurately capture the presence of lactic acid enantiomers at lower concentrations, greatly improving the detection sensitivity.

[0076] In one embodiment, the system is respectively set to a transmission transmission mode and a reflection transmission mode, and the sample carrier includes a sample cell and a prism. The material of the sample cell usually has good light transmittance, which allows the terahertz wave to pass smoothly and interact with the lactic acid enantiomers in a transmission-type weak coupling manner. In the transmission transmission mode, the lactic acid enantiomers are loaded onto the sample cell, and the weak coupling interaction mode between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomers is transmission-type. The prism has the characteristic of reflecting light. In the reflection transmission mode, the lactic acid enantiomers are loaded onto the prism, and the weak coupling interaction mode between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomers is reflection-type;

[0077] S60, including:

[0078] S61, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit obtains the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal;

[0079] S62, the chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to achieve accurate characterization of the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample.

[0080] The method in this embodiment combines the sensing equations obtained in the transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to accurately characterize the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample, solving the problem that the current terahertz spectroscopy technology lacks the ability to analyze and detect multiple physical properties of lactic acid enantiomers.

[0081] Among them, the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission or reflection, which depends on the type of sample carrier and the relative position relationship between the emitting end, the detection end and the sample carrier of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit. For each lactic acid enantiomer, it is respectively configured in a transmission sample carrier (sample pool) for terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection, and in a reflection sample carrier (prism) for terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection, and the corresponding sensing equation is obtained. For each lactic acid enantiomer, when performing transmission terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection and reflection terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection, these two steps are in no particular order. The sensing equation of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum system of lactic acid enantiomers in the transmission transmission mode and the sensing equation of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum system in the reflection transmission mode are combined, and finally the highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers and the accurate characterization of multiple physical parameters (refractive index, optical rotation) are obtained.

[0082] In one embodiment, when the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission, the terahertz emission module outputs terahertz waves, which are vertically incident on the sample pool loaded with lactic acid enantiomers and then received by the terahertz detection module. Vertical incidence ensures that the propagation path of the terahertz waves in the sample pool is relatively fixed, avoiding signal fluctuations caused by changes in the incident angle.

[0083] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission, the physical information of the lactic acid enantiomer carried by the output signal is the refractive index and optical rotation. The refractive index reflects the ratio of the propagation speed of the terahertz wave in the lactic acid enantiomer to the propagation speed in a vacuum, which is closely related to the structural properties of the lactic acid enantiomer, such as the molecular density and electron cloud distribution. The optical rotation reflects the ability of the lactic acid enantiomer to rotate the polarization plane of polarized light, which is closely related to the chiral structure and spatial arrangement of the molecule. By obtaining these two pieces of physical information, we can deeply understand the molecular characteristics of the lactic acid enantiomer from different angles, and provide comprehensive data support for studying its metabolic process and chemical reaction mechanism in the body.

[0084] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission type, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is:

[0085]

[0086]

[0087]

[0088] Wherein, α in formula (1) is the polarization state of the incident terahertz wave, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states respectively; formula (2) represents the system pre-selected state when the sample state does not change, |T p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the transmission mode transfer function respectively; Equation (3) represents the transfer function. If the terahertz wave is incident vertically from air to the sample cell medium, the sample, and then penetrates the sample and then enters the sample cell medium again, and finally enters the air, a p,s and a′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from the sample cell medium to the sample and from the sample to the sample cell medium, b p,s and b′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from air to the sample cell medium and from the sample cell medium to air, P and P′ are the propagation factors of the terahertz wave in the air and sample; Formula (4) represents the intermediate state of the system when the sample state changes, where ΔT=Δ|T p | / |T p |-Δ|T s | / |T s |; Formula (5) represents the post-selection state of the system, β is the post-selection angle; Formula (6) represents the system output signal intensity; Formula (7) represents the initial state signal intensity when the sample state does not change; Formula (8) represents the system weak value; Formula (9) represents the signal intensity change when the sample state changes, which is the basis for obtaining the transmission mode sensing equation. The above model needs to satisfy ΔT / 2<<1 and

[0089] In one embodiment, when the weak coupling interaction mode is reflective, the terahertz emission module outputs terahertz waves, which are incident on the prism at a certain angle, and are totally reflected at the prism-lactic acid enantiomer interface. After being emitted from the prism at a certain angle, they are received by the terahertz detection module. During this period, even if the refractive index of the lactic acid enantiomer changes slightly, it can cause detectable changes in the terahertz wave signal, thereby greatly improving the detection sensitivity. Moreover, due to the use of a fixed-angle total reflection mode, it is less affected by the external environment, which enhances the signal stability during the detection process.

[0090] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is reflective, the physical information of the lactic acid enantiomer carried by the output signal is the refractive index.

[0091] Furthermore, when the weak coupling interaction mode is reflection type, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is:

[0092]

[0093] Wherein, α in equation (10) is the polarization state of the incident terahertz wave, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states respectively; equation (11) represents the system preselected state when the sample state does not change, |R p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the generalized Fresnel reflection coefficient respectively; Formula (12) represents the intermediate state of the system when the sample state changes, where ΔR=Δ|R p | / |R p |-Δ|R s | / |R s |; Formula (13) represents the post-selection state of the system, β is the post-selection angle; Formula (14) represents the system output signal intensity; Formula (15) represents the initial state signal intensity when the sample state does not change; Formula (16) represents the system weak value; Formula (17) represents the signal intensity change when the sample state changes, which is the basis for obtaining the reflection transmission mode sensing equation. The above model needs to satisfy ΔR / 2<<1 and

[0094] In one embodiment, a system for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology adopts the above-mentioned method for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology, and the system is set to a transmission transmission mode and a reflection transmission mode respectively. The system includes a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, a first polarizer 31, a sample carrier, a second polarizer 32, a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy detection calculation unit, and a chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit.

[0095] The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit is configured to emit, transmit, regulate, detect terahertz waves, and measure the time-domain and frequency-domain parameters of terahertz waves. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit includes a terahertz emission module 21 and a terahertz detection module 22. The terahertz emission module 21 is responsible for generating terahertz waves, which have the characteristics of strong penetration and non-ionization, and provide basic signals for detecting lactic acid enantiomers. At the same time, the unit can also transmit and regulate terahertz waves to ensure that they propagate along a predetermined path within the system and have appropriate parameters such as intensity and frequency. The terahertz detection module 22 receives the terahertz waves after various processing, converts them into analyzable electrical signals, measures the parameters of the terahertz waves in the time domain and frequency domain, and provides raw data for subsequent analysis.

[0096] The first polarizer 31 is configured between the terahertz emission module 21 and the sample carrier to select the polarization state of the terahertz photons to select the pre-selection state of the system. The second polarizer 32 is configured between the sample carrier and the terahertz detection module 22 to select the terahertz photons after interacting with the sample to select the post-selection state of the system. The first polarizer 31 is located between the terahertz emission module 21 and the sample carrier. It screens the polarization state of the terahertz photons, determines the pre-selection state of the system, sets a specific initial condition for the system, and allows terahertz photons of a specific polarization state to enter the subsequent detection process. The second polarizer 32 is between the sample carrier and the terahertz detection module 22 to screen the terahertz photons after interacting with the sample to determine the post-selection state. The setting of the front and back selection states is based on the principle of quantum weak measurement. By selecting the appropriate polarization state, the weak signal generated by the interaction between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer can be amplified to improve the detection sensitivity.

[0097] The sample carrier includes a sample pool 41 and a prism 42. The sample pool 41 is used in a system in a transmission transmission mode, and the prism 42 is used in a system in a reflection transmission mode. In the transmission transmission mode, the sample pool 41 carries the lactic acid enantiomers, and the terahertz wave penetrates the sample pool 41 and interacts weakly with the lactic acid enantiomers. This method can obtain the overall information of the internal part of the lactic acid enantiomers. In the reflection transmission mode, the prism 42 carries the lactic acid enantiomers, and the terahertz wave undergoes a reflective weak coupling interaction at the prism 42-lactic acid enantiomer interface, focusing on obtaining information on the surface and near-surface area of ​​the lactic acid enantiomers. The two transmission modes provide information on the lactic acid enantiomers from different angles.

[0098] The terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit obtains the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal. The chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to accurately characterize the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample. The terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit derives the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal. These equations establish the mathematical connection between the terahertz wave characteristics and the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomers. The chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the sensing equations in the two modes and comprehensively utilizes the information in different modes to accurately calculate the physical parameters such as the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomers.

[0099] Among them, for each lactic acid enantiomer, it is respectively configured in a transmission sample carrier (sample pool 41) for terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection, and in a reflection sample carrier (prism 42) for terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection, and these two spectrum test steps are not in order; when the sample carrier (sample pool 41) and the relative position relationship between the sample carrier and the transmitting end and the receiving end of the terahertz time domain spectroscopy unit are transmission type, the physical information of the lactic acid enantiomer carried by the output signal intensity change is the refractive index and the optical rotation, and the corresponding sensor is obtained. Equation; when the sample carrier (prism 42) and the relative position relationship between the sample carrier and the transmitting end and the receiving end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit are reflective, the physical information of the lactic acid enantiomer carried by the output signal intensity change is the refractive index, and the corresponding sensing equation is obtained; the sensing equation of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system of the lactic acid enantiomer in the transmission transmission mode and the sensing equation of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system in the reflection transmission mode are combined, and finally a highly sensitive conformational detection of the lactic acid enantiomer and an accurate characterization of multiple physical parameters (refractive index, optical rotation) are obtained.

[0100] In one embodiment, a system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology also includes a first lens 51 and a second lens 52, wherein the first lens 51 is disposed between the terahertz emission module 21 and the first polarizer 31 to collimate the terahertz wave; the second lens 52 is disposed between the second polarizer 32 and the terahertz detection module 22 to focus the terahertz wave. The collimation adjustment of the first lens 51 ensures that the energy distribution of the terahertz wave is uniform during transmission, reduces energy loss, and thus increases the signal intensity reaching the first polarizer 31 and subsequent components. The focusing adjustment of the second lens 52 further enhances the signal intensity received by the terahertz detection module 22, making the signal more stable. A stable and high-intensity signal is essential for accurately extracting relevant information about lactic acid enantiomers, and can effectively reduce the signal-to-noise ratio and improve the accuracy of detection.

[0101] In one embodiment, the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit further includes a femtosecond laser 10, a beam splitter 11, an optical delay control module 12, a current preamplifier 13, a phase-locked amplifier 14, a computer 15 and a plurality of reflectors 16. The femtosecond laser 10 can emit an ultrashort pulse laser beam, and the beam splitter 11 is used to divide the laser beam emitted by the femtosecond laser 10 into two optical paths, one for generating terahertz waves through the terahertz emission module 21, and the other for detecting terahertz waves through the terahertz detection module 22. The optical delay control module 12 is used to control the optical path difference between the two optical paths. The current preamplifier 13 is used to amplify and output the current signal output by the terahertz detection module 22. The phase-locked amplifier 14 is used to extract and output the useful signal from the current signal output by the current preamplifier 13. The computer 15 receives the signal output by the phase-locked amplifier 14. A plurality of reflectors 16 are used to change the direction of the laser beam optical path.

[0102] Through the ultrashort pulses provided by the femtosecond laser 10 and the precise optical path difference control of the optical delay control module 12, combined with the processing power of the terahertz detection module 22 and the computer 15, the time domain and frequency domain information of the terahertz wave can be accurately measured. The combined use of the current preamplifier 13 and the phase-locked amplifier 14 enables the system to extract useful signals with a high signal-to-noise ratio from the weak terahertz wave detection signal. The coordinated work of multiple components in the system makes the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit powerful. It can not only generate and detect terahertz waves, but also adjust the optical path, control the optical path difference, amplify and extract signals according to different application requirements, and is suitable for various complex detection scenarios.

[0103] In one embodiment, a system for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology in the above-mentioned embodiment is used in highly sensitive multi-physical parameter detection of lactic acid enantiomers. Based on the weak value amplification principle of quantum weak measurement technology, terahertz high-sensitivity detection is achieved, and based on the different interaction modes (transmission and reflection) between terahertz waves and chiral enantiomers, highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers is achieved. A terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system is constructed based on the polarization of terahertz photons to achieve weak value amplification of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system. Taking lactic acid enantiomers as the detection object, when the state of the lactic acid enantiomer sample changes slightly, accompanied by changes in the physical properties of refractive index and optical rotation, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system output in the transmission mode carries the sample refractive index and optical rotation information, and the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system output in the reflection transmission mode carries the sample refractive index information. By combining the sensing equations in these two transmission modes, the refractive index and optical rotation information of the lactic acid enantiomers can be obtained, realizing highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers and accurate characterization of multiple physical parameters.

[0104] In a more specific embodiment, a method for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology is provided. The flow chart of the detection method is shown in the attached specification. Figure 6 The specific plan is as follows:

[0105] Pre-selection: The terahertz radiation is outputted from the transmitting end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, and the polarization state of the terahertz photon is pre-selected by the first polarizer as the pre-selected state α of the quantum system;

[0106] Weak coupling: The terahertz wave interacts weakly with the lactic acid enantiomers loaded on the sample carrier (transmission, reflection). Before weak coupling occurs, the pre-selection and subsequent post-selection states are nearly orthogonal. The weak coupling interaction mode is transmission or reflection;

[0107] Post-selection: The polarization state of the terahertz photon after weak coupling with the lactic acid enantiomer is screened by the second polarizer as the post-selected state β of the quantum system;

[0108] High-sensitivity conformation detection: Construct terahertz quantum weak measurement spectral transmission models with different transmission modes, obtain sensing equations for lactic acid enantiomers with different transmission modes, and jointly realize high-sensitivity conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers and accurate characterization of multiple physical parameters.

[0109] In a more specific embodiment, a system for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology is described in the attached manual. Figure 2 and attached Figure 4 The system includes: a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, a first polarizer, a transmission transmission mode sample carrier (sample pool), a reflection transmission mode sample carrier (prism), a second polarizer, a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit, and a chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit, and mainly includes the following steps:

[0110] Step 1: The sample carrier is in transmission mode, as shown in the instruction manual. Figure 3 As shown, the terahertz wave is outputted by the transmitting end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit;

[0111] Step 2: Select the polarization state of the terahertz photon by the first polarizer: α is the polarization state parameter, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states, respectively;

[0112] Step 3: The terahertz wave interacts with the lactic acid enantiomer loaded on the sample carrier in the transmission mode. When the sample state of the sample loaded on the sample carrier does not change, the system state is: |T p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the transmission mode transfer function, respectively, represents the transfer function. If the terahertz radiation is incident vertically from the air to the sample cell medium, the sample, penetrates the sample, and then enters the sample cell medium again, and finally enters the air, a p,s and a′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from the sample cell medium to the sample and from the sample to the sample cell medium, b p,s and b′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from air to the sample cell medium and from the sample cell medium to air, P and P′ are the propagation factors of the terahertz wave in air and lactic acid enantiomer samples;

[0113] Step 4: The system state when the state of the lactic acid enantiomer (including refractive index information and optical rotation information) changes slightly is: ΔT=Δ|T p | / |T p |-Δ|T s | / |T s |;

[0114] Step 5: Post-selection, screening the polarization state of the terahertz photon through the second polarizer as the post-selected state of this quantum system: β is the post-selection angle;

[0115] Step 6: The post-selection output signal intensity of this quantum weak measurement system is: where ΔT / 2<<1 and

[0116] Step 7: When the enantiomer state of lactic acid does not change, the initial signal intensity of the system output is:

[0117] Step 8: The weak value A of this transmission mode terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system w The signal intensity change ΔI when the enantiomer state of lactic acid changes a (The change in signal intensity caused by the change in sample state) are:

[0118] Step 9: Change the sample carrier to reflection transmission mode, as shown in the attached manual. Figure 5 As shown, the terahertz wave is outputted by the transmitting end of the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit;

[0119] Step 10: Select the polarization state of the terahertz photon by the first polarizer: α is the polarization state parameter, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states, respectively;

[0120] Step 11: The terahertz wave interacts with the lactic acid enantiomer loaded on the reflection transmission mode sample carrier. When the sample state of the sample loaded on the sample carrier does not change, the system state is: |R p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the generalized Fresnel reflection coefficient, respectively;

[0121] Step 12: The system state when the enantiomer state (refractive index information) of lactic acid changes slightly is:

[0122] in ΔR=Δ|R p | / |R p |-Δ|R s | / |R s |;

[0123] Step 13: Post-selection, screening the polarization state of the terahertz photon through the second polarizer as the post-selected state of this quantum system: β is the post-selection angle;

[0124] Step 14: The post-selection output signal intensity of this quantum weak measurement system is: where ΔR / 2<<1 and

[0125] Step 15: When the state of the lactic acid enantiomer does not change, the initial signal intensity of the system output is:

[0126] Step 16: The weak value A of this reflection transmission mode terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system w The signal intensity change ΔI when the enantiomer state of lactic acid changes a (The change in signal intensity caused by the change in sample state) are:

[0127] Step 17: Obtaining the sensing equation of lactic acid enantiomers in the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system in the reflection transmission mode;

[0128] Step 18: Referring to: transmission formula ax+by+d=m and reflection formula cx+d=n, where x is the refractive index parameter and y is the optical rotation parameter, the sensing equation of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system of the lactic acid enantiomer in the transmission transmission mode and the sensing equation of the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy system in the reflection transmission mode are combined, and finally the highly sensitive conformation detection of the lactic acid enantiomer and the accurate characterization of multiple physical parameters (refractive index, optical rotation) are obtained. Here, a simple linear relationship is taken as an example. Regardless of whether the physical parameters of the lactic acid enantiomer and the terahertz optical parameters are quadratic, exponential, logarithmic or other relationships, it is reasonable to combine the sensing equations obtained based on these two detection methods to finally obtain two physical parameters.

[0129] In the description of this specification, if the terms "embodiment one", "this embodiment", "in an embodiment" and the like appear, it means that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in the invention or at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representation of the above terms does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example; moreover, the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in an appropriate manner.

[0130] In the description of this specification, the terms "connect", "install", "fix", "set", "have", etc. are all understood in a broad sense. For example, "connection" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0131] In the description of this specification, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used only to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "comprises", "comprising" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the statement "comprising a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0132] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate ordinary technicians in the technical field to understand and apply the technology of this case. People familiar with the technology in this field can obviously easily make various modifications to these examples and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, this case is not limited to the above embodiments. Modifications to the following situations should all be within the scope of protection of this case: ① A new technical solution implemented based on the technical solution of the present invention and combined with existing common knowledge, the technical effect produced by the new technical solution does not exceed the technical effect of the present invention; ② The equivalent replacement of some features of the technical solution of the present invention by using known technology, the technical effect produced is the same as the technical effect of the present invention; ③ The technical solution of the present invention can be expanded, and the substantive content of the expanded technical solution does not exceed the technical solution of the present invention; ④ The equivalent transformation made by using the contents of the description and drawings of the present invention is directly or indirectly applied to other related technical fields.

Claims

1. A method for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy, characterized in that: A system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy technology is applied, the system comprising: a terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, a first polarizer, a sample carrier, a second polarizer, a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy detection calculation unit, and a chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit. The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit comprises a terahertz emission module and a terahertz detection module. The method comprises: S10, transmitting, the terahertz transmitting module outputs a terahertz wave, and the terahertz wave passes through the first polarizer, the sample carrier, the second polarizer, and the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection and calculation unit in sequence; S20, pre-selection, pre-selecting the polarization state of the terahertz photon via the first polarizer as the pre-selected state α of the quantum system; S30, weak coupling, placing the sample carrier loaded with the lactic acid enantiomer between the first polarizer and the second polarizer, and realizing the weak coupling interaction between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer between the pre-selection and post-selection processes of the system state; S40, post-selection, the polarization state of the terahertz photon after weak coupling with the lactic acid enantiomer is screened by the second polarizer as the post-selected state β of the quantum system; S50, receiving, the terahertz detection module receives the post-selected output signal; S60, calculating, constructing a terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model, and calculating the output terahertz wave intensity change according to the post-selected output signal, wherein the output terahertz wave intensity change reflects the physical properties of the lactic acid enantiomers.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that Before the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer have a weak coupling effect, the pre-selected state and the post-selected state of the system are close to orthogonal.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that The system is respectively set to a transmission transmission mode and a reflection transmission mode, and the sample carrier includes a sample cell and a prism; in the transmission transmission mode, the lactic acid enantiomer is loaded onto the sample cell, and the weak coupling interaction mode between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer is a transmission mode; in the reflection transmission mode, the lactic acid enantiomer is loaded onto the prism, and the weak coupling interaction mode between the terahertz wave and the lactic acid enantiomer is a reflection mode; The S60 specifically includes: S61, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit obtains the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal; S62. The chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to achieve accurate characterization of the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample.

4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that When the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission type, the terahertz emission module outputs terahertz waves, which are vertically incident on the sample pool loaded with lactic acid enantiomers and then received by the terahertz detection module.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that When the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission, the physical information of lactic acid enantiomers carried by the output signal is the refractive index and optical rotation.

6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that When the weak coupling interaction mode is transmission type, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is: Wherein, α in formula (1) is the polarization state of the incident terahertz wave, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states respectively; formula (2) represents the system pre-selected state when the sample state does not change, |T p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the transmission mode transfer function respectively; Equation (3) represents the transfer function. If the terahertz wave is incident vertically from air to the sample cell medium, the sample, and then penetrates the sample and then enters the sample cell medium again, and finally enters the air, a p,s and a ′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from the sample cell medium to the sample and from the sample to the sample cell medium, b p,s and b ′ p,s is the generalized Fresnel transmission coefficient from air to the sample cell medium and from the sample cell medium to air, P and P ′ is the propagation factor of the terahertz wave in the air and the sample; Formula (4) represents the intermediate state of the system when the sample state changes, where ΔT=Δ|T p | / |T p |-Δ|T s | / |T s |; Formula (5) represents the post-selection state of the system, β is the post-selection angle; Formula (6) represents the system output signal intensity; Formula (7) represents the initial signal intensity when the sample state does not change; Formula (8) represents the system weak value; Formula (9) represents the signal intensity change when the sample state changes, which is the basis for obtaining the transmission mode sensing equation. The above model needs to satisfy ΔT / 2<<1 and 7. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that When the weak coupling interaction mode is reflective, the terahertz emission module outputs a terahertz wave, which is incident on the prism at a certain angle, undergoes total reflection at the prism-lactic acid enantiomer interface, and is received by the terahertz detection module after being emitted from the prism at a certain angle.

8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that When the weak coupling interaction mode is reflection, the physical information of lactic acid enantiomers carried by the output signal is the refractive index.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that When the weak coupling interaction mode is reflection type, the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model is: Wherein, α in equation (10) is the polarization state of the incident terahertz wave, |H> and |V> represent the horizontal and vertical polarization states respectively; equation (11) represents the system pre-selected state when the sample state does not change, |R p,s | and represent the amplitude and phase of the generalized Fresnel reflection coefficient respectively; Equation (12) represents the intermediate state of the system when the sample state changes, where ΔR=Δ|R p | / |R p |-Δ|R s | / |R s |; Formula (13) represents the post-selection state of the system, β is the post-selection angle; Formula (14) represents the system output signal intensity; Formula (15) represents the initial state signal intensity when the sample state does not change; Formula (16) represents the system weak value; Formula (17) represents the signal intensity change when the sample state changes, which is the basis for obtaining the reflection transmission mode sensing equation. The above model needs to satisfy ΔR / 2<<1 and 10. A system for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy, characterized in that: The method for highly sensitive conformation detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy according to any one of claims 1 to 9 is adopted, wherein the system is respectively set to a transmission transmission mode and a reflection transmission mode, and the system comprises: A terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit, which is configured to emit, transmit, regulate, detect terahertz waves and measure time-domain and frequency-domain parameters of terahertz waves, and the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit includes a terahertz emission module and a terahertz detection module; A first polarizer, which is arranged between the terahertz emission module and the sample carrier, selects the polarization state of the terahertz photon to select the system pre-selection state; A sample carrier, comprising a sample pool and a prism, wherein the sample pool is used in a transmission mode system, and the prism is used in a reflection mode system; A second polarizer is disposed between the sample carrier and the terahertz detection module, and selects the terahertz photons after interacting with the sample, and selects the post-selection state of the selection system; A terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum detection calculation unit, which obtains the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode respectively according to the terahertz quantum weak measurement spectrum transmission model and the post-selected output signal; The chiral enantiomer multi-parameter calculation and analysis unit combines the lactic acid enantiomer sensing equations in the transmission mode and the reflection transmission mode to achieve accurate characterization of the physical parameters of the refractive index and optical rotation of the lactic acid enantiomer sample.

11. The system according to claim 10, characterized in that The system further comprises: A first lens is arranged between the terahertz emission module and the first polarizer to collimate and adjust the terahertz wave; The second lens is arranged between the second polarizer and the terahertz detection module to adjust the focus of the terahertz wave.

12. The system according to claim 11, characterized in that The terahertz time-domain spectroscopy unit also includes: Femtosecond lasers, which emit ultrashort pulses of laser beams; A beam splitter, which is used to split the laser beam emitted by the femtosecond laser into two optical paths, one for generating terahertz waves through the terahertz emission module, and the other for detecting terahertz waves through the terahertz detection module; An optical delay control module, which is used to control the optical path difference between the two optical paths; A current preamplifier, which is used to amplify and output the current signal output by the terahertz detection module; A lock-in amplifier, which is used to extract and output a useful signal from the current signal output by the current preamplifier; A computer, which receives the signal output by the lock-in amplifier; Several mirrors are used to change the direction of the laser beam path.

13. Use of a system for highly sensitive conformational detection of lactic acid enantiomers based on terahertz quantum weak measurement spectroscopy according to any one of claims 10 to 12 in highly sensitive multi-physical parameter detection of lactic acid enantiomers.

Images