Meteorological monitoring and fault detection method and device for photovoltaic power station, and storage medium
By laying meteorological sensors at the four corners of the photovoltaic power station field, and using geometric center-weighted fusion and threshold determination fault detection algorithms, the problem of insufficient capture capability of edge cloud clusters and wind direction changes and poor fault detection in the existing technology is solved, and high-precision and low-cost meteorological monitoring and fault isolation are achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411951116.3
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-12-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-13
AI Technical Summary
The existing meteorological monitoring systems of photovoltaic power stations are difficult to effectively capture changes in cloud clusters or wind directions at the edge of the field, and lack an efficient fault detection mechanism, resulting in a decrease in prediction accuracy.
The meteorological data acquisition method based on the four corner points of the "easternest, wester, southernest, and northerly" is adopted, and a geometric center-weighted fusion and threshold determination fault detection algorithm is combined to achieve stable, real-time and accurate meteorological monitoring and fault alarm.
Through the four-corner layout, the ability to capture boundary weather changes is significantly improved, construction and maintenance costs are reduced, real-time fault isolation is achieved, and prediction accuracy and system reliability are improved.
Smart Images
Figure CN119986865A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power generation, and in particular to a method, device and storage medium for meteorological monitoring and fault detection of a photovoltaic power station. Background Art
[0002] As the scale of global photovoltaic installations continues to grow, higher requirements are placed on the accurate prediction of power generation and the stability of sensor data. Traditional practices often deploy a single meteorological station at random points in power stations, which makes it difficult to capture cloud clusters or wind direction changes at the edge of the site in a timely manner. If there is no timely detection when a sensor fails, it often leads to a significant decrease in the accuracy of the entire prediction system.
[0003] The existing technology still lacks a simple and effective solution to deploy multiple meteorological stations at typical points in the field to achieve low-cost high-coverage meteorological monitoring. In addition, if there is no fault detection mechanism during the fusion process of multi-point observation data, it is easy to be interfered by single-point abnormal data, which weakens the overall prediction reliability. Summary of the invention
[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a meteorological data collection method based on the four corner points of "easternmost, westernmost, southernmost and northernmost", and combine the geometric centroid weighted fusion and threshold judgment fault detection algorithm to provide photovoltaic power stations with stable, real-time and more accurate meteorological monitoring and fault alarm capabilities.
[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method, the specific steps are as follows:
[0006] S1. Obtain the geographic information of the current photovoltaic power plant area and select four boundary points based on the boundary information;
[0007] S2. Calculate the centroid coordinates of the quadrilateral formed by the four boundary points in step S1, and set the weight function according to the distance from each point to the centroid ), synthesize a single fusion value A fusion ;
[0008] S3. Compare the observed value of a single boundary point with the fusion value or the average value of other corner points to see if there is a deviation;
[0009] S4. Based on the comparison result in step S3, if the deviation exceeds the threshold and occurs continuously, it is determined that the sensor is faulty or drifting.
[0010] Preferably, the step S1 includes step S11, and the step S11 is specifically as follows:
[0011] S11. After obtaining the boundary geographic information of the photovoltaic power station plant area, determine whether the current plant area is a regular or approximately regular rectangular plant area.
[0012] Preferably, the step S1 includes step S12, and the step S12 is specifically as follows:
[0013] S12. If the current factory area is a regular or approximately regular rectangular factory area, four points of the minimum longitude, maximum longitude, minimum latitude and maximum latitude of the rectangle are obtained as four boundary points through GIS mapping or other methods.
[0014] Preferably, the step S1 includes step S13, and the step S13 is specifically as follows:
[0015] S13. If the current plant area is irregular or inclined, obtain the coordinate set of all vertices of the outer polygon of the site through GIS or surveying and mapping means, and select four points with the largest and smallest X coordinates and Y coordinates respectively as boundary points from the point set.
[0016] Preferably, the step S1 includes step S14, and the step S14 is specifically as follows:
[0017] S14. Install a set of meteorological observation equipment at each of the four border points and maintain communication connection with the central data acquisition and processing system.
[0018] Preferably, the method further comprises step S5, wherein the specific details of step S5 are as follows:
[0019] S5. The integrated meteorological elements are transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation prediction model or energy management system to improve the accuracy of scheduling and operation and maintenance decisions, and the fault alarm information is sent to the operation and maintenance end so that the sensor can be replaced or calibrated in time.
[0020] The present invention also provides a computer device, which includes a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, wherein the processor implements the steps of the above method when executing the program.
[0021] The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium on which a computer program is stored, characterized in that the program implements the steps of the above method when executed by a processor.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution proposed in this application has the following beneficial effects: Sensitive to boundary weather changes: through the four-corner point layout, it can "surround" the monitoring of the entire site perimeter, greatly improving the ability to capture rapid cloud invasion or sudden changes in wind direction;
[0023] Reduce construction and maintenance costs: Compared with the method of deploying multiple stations in a dispersed manner, only four main weather stations are needed to obtain more complete edge information;
[0024] Real-time fault isolation: Using multi-point comparison and threshold determination, sensor faults can be quickly identified and eliminated without causing lasting interference to the overall prediction;
[0025] Versatility and scalability: It is suitable for photovoltaic fields of different shapes and can also be combined with high-order meteorological numerical forecasting or machine learning methods to further improve prediction accuracy. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0026] Other features, objects and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:
[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0028] The following will clearly and completely describe and discuss the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention in conjunction with the accompanying drawings of the present invention. Obviously, what is described here is only a part of the examples of the present invention, not all the examples. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0029] It should be noted that when a component is referred to as being "fixed to" another component, it may be directly on the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "connected to" another component, it may be directly connected to the other component or there may also be a component centered. When a component is considered to be "set on" another component, it may be directly set on the other component or there may also be a component centered. The terms "vertical", "horizontal", "left", "right" and similar expressions used herein are for illustrative purposes only.
[0030] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those commonly understood by those skilled in the art of the present invention. The terms used herein in the specification of the present invention are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. The term "and / or" used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more related listed items.
[0031] Example 1
[0032] See also Figure 1 This embodiment provides a photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method, and the specific steps are as follows:
[0033] (1) Selection of four corner points
[0034] Obtain the geographic information of the boundaries of the photovoltaic power station site, select the point with the largest longitude as the "easternmost point", the point with the smallest longitude as the "westernmost point", the point with the largest latitude as the "northernmost point", and the point with the smallest latitude as the "southernmost point"; if necessary, make a small amount of fine-tuning based on the terrain and constructability to ensure safety and ease of maintenance.
[0035] (2) Centroid weighted fusion
[0036] Calculate the centroid coordinates of the quadrilateral formed by the above four points; periodically collect meteorological observation values of the four corner points, and set a weight function (such as ), synthesize a single fusion value A fusion The fused value can be used as an estimate of the average radiation, temperature, wind speed and other parameters in the field and input into the subsequent prediction module.
[0037] (3) Fault detection and correction
[0038] By comparing the observation value of a single corner point with the fusion value or the average value of other corner points, if the deviation exceeds the threshold and occurs continuously, the sensor is judged to be faulty or drifting; when the fault judgment is established, the contribution of the sensor in the weighted fusion is automatically reduced or eliminated, and an alarm is issued for operation and maintenance personnel to repair.
[0039] (4) Output and application
[0040] The integrated meteorological elements are transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation prediction model (or energy management system) to improve the accuracy of scheduling and operation and maintenance decisions;
[0041] Fault alarm information enters the operation and maintenance end so that the sensor can be replaced or calibrated in time.
[0042] Specifically, when it comes to regular or approximately regular rectangular fields:
[0043] (1) Obtaining the site boundary
[0044] This embodiment assumes that the photovoltaic power station area is roughly rectangular, and its boundary is approximately parallel to the coordinate axis direction. The minimum longitude (x min ), maximum longitude (x max ), minimum latitude (y min ) and the maximum latitude (y max ).
[0045] (2) Select four extreme points
[0046] Southwest corner (Point 1): (x min ,y min )
[0047] Northwest corner (Point 2): (x min,y max )
[0048] Southeast corner (Point 3): (x max ,y min )
[0049] Northeast corner (Point 4): (x max ,y max )
[0050] (3) Weather station layout
[0051] Meteorological sensors (such as solar irradiance meter, thermometer and hygrometer, anemometer, ceilometer, all-sky imager, etc.) are installed at the above four corner points respectively and connected to the centralized data processing unit through wired / wireless networks.
[0052] (4) Calculation of centroid coordinates
[0053] For the four vertices of this rectangle, directly use the geometric center formula:
[0054]
[0055] Therefore, the centroid (x c ,y c ) is the center of the venue.
[0056] (5) Weighted fusion and fault detection
[0057] a) Data collection: Meteorological data of four corner points are collected at time intervals T (e.g., 5 minutes), and are recorded as A1, A2, A3, and A4.
[0058] b) Distance calculation: Calculate the distance from the four corner points to the centroid respectively:
[0059]
[0060] Where i = 1, 2, 3, 4.
[0061] c) Weighted fusion: According to the pre-defined weight function (such as w i =1 / d i a ), and perform weighted average on the data of each point:
[0062]
[0063] d) Fault detection: If a station observes value A i With the fusion value A fusion If the difference exceeds the set threshold Threshold and occurs N times in a row, the site is judged to be faulty or the reading is drifting; its weight is automatically reduced or eliminated, and the operation and maintenance personnel are notified.
[0064] e) Output application: The fused meteorological value A fusion It is sent to the photovoltaic power generation prediction module or the power station dispatching system to achieve high-reliability meteorological input when data from a single central point is insufficient.
[0065] (6) Effect:
[0066] In the case of a regular shape and the field area being approximately parallel to the coordinate axis, this embodiment is easy to operate and can quickly obtain the coordinates of the four boundary corner points of "westmost, eastmost, southmost, and northmost" and deploy sensors. It is very sensitive to boundary weather changes (clouds coming, wind direction changes, etc.), and only 4 sets of main meteorological equipment are needed to cover the entire field area.
[0067] When dealing with irregular or sloping fields:
[0068] (1) Site boundary description
[0069] This embodiment is applicable to most photovoltaic power station sites with irregular shapes (possibly polygonal) or not perpendicular / parallel to the longitude and latitude lines. The coordinate set of all vertices of the outer polygon of the site {(x k ,y k )}
[0070] (2) Extract four extreme boundary points
[0071] From this point set find:
[0072] Easternmost point: The point with the largest x coordinate (x E ,y E );
[0073] Westernmost point: The point with the smallest x coordinate (x W ,y W );
[0074] The northernmost point: the point with the largest y coordinate (x N ,y N );
[0075] Southernmost point: the point with the smallest y coordinate (x S ,y S ).
[0076] (3) If there are multiple parallel extreme value points in a certain direction, appropriate fine-tuning should be done according to construction accessibility, occlusion conditions, operation and maintenance requirements, etc. For example, if there are two points with both x max However, since the altitudes are different, the one with flat terrain and convenient communications may be selected as the easternmost point.
[0077] (4) Weather station layout
[0078] A set of meteorological observation equipment is installed at each of the four extreme boundary points mentioned above, and communication is maintained with the central data acquisition and processing system. If the actual terrain is complex, a secondary site selection can be carried out within a few dozen meters around the point to ensure safe construction and sensor quality.
[0079] (5) Centroid coordinates
[0080] The field area in this embodiment is not a standard rectangle, so the following can be used:
[0081]
[0082] As a simplified way of estimating the centroid.
[0083] If the internal distribution of the field area needs to be reflected more accurately, the polygon center formula or other methods can be used to calculate the centroid, but to simplify the description, this embodiment uses the above-mentioned average coordinate method.
[0084] (6) Data collection and fusion
[0085] As in Example 1, the sensor data of four extreme points (A E , A W , A N , A S ), and then according to their distances to the centroid d E , d W , d N , d S Set weights and perform weighted fusion to get A fusion .
[0086] The methods for fault detection, sensor drift determination and alarm processing are also similar to those in Example 1.
[0087] (7) Application of results
[0088] A fusion Used as input for subsequent PV power forecasting or microgrid energy management systems;
[0089] Once a point is detected to have a continuous large deviation, it will be considered a fault and eliminated to ensure the overall data quality. (8)
[0091] Effect: Does not rely on field alignment with coordinate axes and can adapt to most shapes.
[0092] By selecting the "easternmost, westernmost, southernmost, and northernmost" extreme points to deploy stations, we can still have a better perception of sudden changes in boundary weather, which is more targeted than deploying sensors only in the center or randomly scattered points.
[0093] Due to the use of distance weighting and fault detection, the system's fault tolerance can be improved while ensuring accuracy.
[0094] It should be noted that: no matter the field area is a regular rectangle or an irregular polygon, small-scale fine-tuning can be performed based on the "theoretical extreme point". The reasons for fine-tuning include:
[0095] a) Accessibility of construction site: whether there are roads, mountains or obstacles;
[0096] b) Communication requirements: The sensor needs to maintain a good signal with the central acquisition system;
[0097] c) Safety and equipment stability: Some extreme points may be located on steep slopes, flood-prone areas, etc. and need to be avoided.
[0098] Even after fine-tuning, the approximate orientation characteristics of "easternmost, westernmost, southernmost, and northernmost" are still retained, thus not weakening the sensitivity to border weather changes.
[0099] Example 2
[0100] The present embodiment provides a computer device, such as a smart phone, tablet computer, laptop computer, desktop computer, rack server, blade server, tower server or cabinet server (including an independent server or a server cluster composed of multiple servers) that can execute programs. The computer device of the present embodiment includes at least but is not limited to: a memory and a processor that can communicate with each other through a system bus.
[0101] In this embodiment, the memory (i.e., readable storage medium) includes flash memory, hard disk, multimedia card, card-type memory (e.g., SD or DX memory, etc.), random access memory (RAM), static random access memory (SRAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), magnetic memory, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc. In some embodiments, the memory may be an internal storage unit of a computer device, such as a hard disk or memory of the computer device. In other embodiments, the memory may also be an external storage device of a computer device, such as a plug-in hard disk, a smart memory card (Smart Media Card, SMC), a secure digital (Secure Digital, SD) card, a flash card (Flash Card), etc. equipped on the computer device. Of course, the memory may also include both the internal storage unit of the computer device and its external storage device. In this embodiment, the memory is generally used to store the operating system and various application software installed on the computer device. In addition, the memory may also be used to temporarily store various types of data that have been output or are to be output.
[0102] The processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), a controller, a microcontroller, a microprocessor, or other data processing chip in some embodiments. The processor 22 is generally used to control the overall operation of the computer device. In this embodiment, the processor is used to run the program code stored in the memory or process data.
[0103] This embodiment also provides a computer-readable storage medium, such as a flash memory, a hard disk, a multimedia card, a card-type memory (for example, an SD or DX memory, etc.), a random access memory (RAM), a static random access memory (SRAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), a magnetic memory, a disk, an optical disk, a server, an App application store, etc., on which a computer program is stored, and the corresponding function is realized when the program is executed by a processor.
[0104] The above describes the specific embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above specific embodiments, and one or more of the above embodiments are combined into one embodiment. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications or combinations within the scope of the claims, which does not affect the essence of the present invention. In the absence of conflict, the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other at will.
Claims
1. A photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method, characterized in that: The specific steps are as follows: S1. Obtain the geographic information of the current photovoltaic power plant area and select four boundary points based on the boundary information; S2. Calculate the centroid coordinates of the quadrilateral formed by the four boundary points in step S1, and set the weight function according to the distance from each point to the centroid ), synthesize a single fusion value A fusion ; S3. Compare the observed value of a single boundary point with the fusion value or the average value of other corner points to see if there is a deviation; S4. Based on the comparison result in step S3, if the deviation exceeds the threshold and occurs continuously, it is determined that the sensor is faulty or drifting.
2. A photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S1 includes step S11, and the step S11 is specifically as follows: S11. After obtaining the boundary geographic information of the photovoltaic power station plant area, determine whether the current plant area is a regular or approximately regular rectangular plant area.
3. A photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The step S1 includes step S12, and the step S12 is specifically as follows: S12. If the current factory area is a regular or approximately regular rectangular factory area, four points of the minimum longitude, maximum longitude, minimum latitude and maximum latitude of the rectangle are obtained as four boundary points through GIS mapping or other methods.
4. A photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method according to claim 3, characterized in that: The step S1 includes step S13, and the step S13 is specifically as follows: S13. If the current plant area is irregular or inclined, obtain the coordinate set of all vertices of the outer polygon of the site through GIS or surveying and mapping means, and select four points with the largest and smallest X coordinates and Y coordinates respectively as boundary points from the point set.
5. A photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method according to claim 4, characterized in that: The step S1 includes step S14, and the step S14 is specifically as follows: S14. Install a set of meteorological observation equipment at each of the four border points and maintain communication connection with the central data acquisition and processing system.
6. A photovoltaic power station meteorological monitoring and fault detection method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The step S5 is further included, and the specific details of the step S5 are as follows: S5. The integrated meteorological elements are transmitted to the photovoltaic power generation prediction model or energy management system to improve the accuracy of scheduling and operation and maintenance decisions, and the fault alarm information is sent to the operation and maintenance end so that the sensor can be replaced or calibrated in time.
7. A computer device, comprising a memory, a processor, and a computer program stored in the memory and executable on the processor, characterized in that: When the processor executes the program, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.
8. A computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, characterized in that: When the program is executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6 are implemented.