Karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic site microclimate investigation and evaluation method

Abstract

The invention discloses a Karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic site microclimate investigation and evaluation method. The method mainly comprises the following steps of: investigating characteristic analysis of a Karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic site; determining the positions and the number of microclimate monitoring points; determining a survey date; survey content of the monitoring points; data arrangement, analysis, evaluation and the like. The method is high in operability and remarkable in effect, a standard method is provided for investigation, evaluation and research of the Karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic site microclimate, and the method has wide application prospects in the aspects of agriculture, ecological environment management and the like based on photovoltaic site microclimate characteristics.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of investigation and evaluation of the impact of photovoltaic sites on microclimate, and in particular to a method for investigating and evaluating the microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains. The present invention also relates to an extended research design method for studying agriculture, ecological environment governance and other aspects based on the microclimate characteristics of photovoltaic sites. Background Art

[0002] The karst region is one of the important ecologically fragile areas, and the control of karst rocky desertification is an arduous and urgent ecological governance task facing this type of region. In recent years, "photovoltaic +" has been widely applied and practiced in many regions. Among them, the development of photovoltaic power stations in rocky desertification areas and the promotion of ecological governance in rocky desertification areas of photovoltaic sites have been applied and practiced in some rocky desertification areas with rich light resources.

[0003] Microclimate is an important habitat environmental factor that affects the growth of ground plants. Therefore, it is particularly necessary to understand the characteristics of microclimates in different regions, especially to investigate the characteristics of the impact of different artificial measures on the ground microclimate. At present, there are few reports on the impact of photovoltaic power stations built in karst rocky desertification areas on regional microclimates. The microclimate monitoring of existing photovoltaic power stations is based on the microclimate monitoring of fixed meteorological stations. This construction cost is high, and the monitoring sites of fixed meteorological stations are single points or have certain duplications. However, it is difficult to reflect the microclimate indicators under the board in general, and it is also impossible to give a full and objective reflection of the actual microclimate conditions of various types of areas in photovoltaic power stations. Therefore, how to scientifically carry out the monitoring and evaluation of the impact of photovoltaic power station construction on the site microclimate in karst rocky desertification areas is an important prerequisite for scientifically formulating ecological restoration and governance measures for rocky desertification photovoltaic sites.

[0004] Although there are some guidelines and norms for microclimate monitoring, there are no reports on how to carry out flexible, simple and effective microclimate monitoring and evaluation methods for rocky desertification habitats and photovoltaic power plant construction in rocky desertification areas. This seriously restricts the understanding of the impact of photovoltaic power plant construction on the microclimate in rocky desertification areas, as well as the scientific and reasonable formulation of photovoltaic site ecological restoration technology and governance measures. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the current lack of relevant methods for the investigation and research of microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains, as well as the lack of evaluation of the impact of photovoltaic site construction on the microclimate of karst rocky desertification mountains, the present invention provides a method for the investigation and evaluation of microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains, gives the main contents and specific investigation indicator system of the investigation and evaluation of microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains, and provides guidance for the standardized and scientific investigation and evaluation of microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains.

[0006] The present invention provides a method for investigating and evaluating microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains, which mainly includes the following steps:

[0007] S1, investigate the characteristics of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains, including: topographic characteristics of photovoltaic sites, photovoltaic panels and their installation parameters, and typical habitats in areas without photovoltaic panels around the sites;

[0008] S2, set the location and number of microclimate monitoring points according to the characteristics of the PV site;

[0009] S3, determine the survey date;

[0010] S4, based on the set monitoring points, investigate the microclimate index data, including: surface vegetation conditions, microclimate factors, natural and human interference factors;

[0011] S5, organize, analyze and evaluate the microclimate index data around the photovoltaic panels.

[0012] Furthermore, the step S1 specifically includes:

[0013] Through field surveys, or by using photovoltaic site topographic maps, satellite remote sensing maps or drone aerial photography to produce topographic maps, comprehensive information on the karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic sites to be investigated can be obtained, including: the topographic characteristics of the photovoltaic site, the photovoltaic panel installation type, the length, width and height of the photovoltaic panel assembly above the ground, the distance between photovoltaic panel groups, and the typical habitat of the photovoltaic panel-free area around the site used as a control.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S2, the specific method for setting the microclimate monitoring point includes:

[0015] Based on the actual conditions of the photovoltaic site, including: mountain terrain, photovoltaic panel installation type, photovoltaic module size, photovoltaic panel spacing and aisle distribution, first divide the photovoltaic panel installation type area;

[0016] Secondly, in the same photovoltaic panel installation type area, the gradient is set according to the slope position; if the actual slope length is insufficient and the distance between the slope gradients is less than 30m, the slope gradient is reduced; the monitoring points are set to cover the area under the photovoltaic panels, the area between the photovoltaic panels, the sidewalk area and the area around the photovoltaic panel site. Among them, the monitoring points of the area under the photovoltaic panels, the area between the photovoltaic panels and the sidewalk area are set in the middle position, and the coordinates of the monitoring points are located by GPS and marked;

[0017] As a control, the surrounding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel site is set with a gradient of vertical distance from the photovoltaic panels, with 6m, 12m and 18m as one monitoring point respectively. Each gradient monitoring point needs to be set up with more than 3 monitoring points repeated.

[0018] Furthermore, the survey date setting method in step S3 includes:

[0019] 1) Routine monitoring: carried out monthly throughout the year;

[0020] 2) Investigative monitoring: Select representative months for monitoring;

[0021] During each monitoring survey, we select dates with more than three consecutive sunny days for monitoring based on the local weather forecast.

[0022] Furthermore, the method for investigating various indicator data in step S4 includes:

[0023] Vegetation factor survey at monitoring points:

[0024] With the monitoring point as the center, a circular survey plot with a radius of 1.5m was established to investigate vegetation information, including: species composition, coverage, and height of vegetation;

[0025] Determination of microclimate factors at monitoring points:

[0026] 1) Use an automatic recorder of temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation and illumination to automatically collect daily changes in microclimate at the surface and fixed height at 15-minute intervals;

[0027] 2) Use one or more portable microclimate measuring devices including temperature, humidity, wind speed, air negative ion meter, carbon dioxide, total radiation, and photosynthetically active radiation to directly measure microclimate indicators at heights of 0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.5m;

[0028] Interference factor investigation:

[0029] Investigate whether there are natural and human-induced disturbances, and record the specific type, intensity and frequency of disturbances.

[0030] Furthermore, the specific method of step S5 includes:

[0031] According to different monitoring site types and microclimate indicator data types, combined with the common methods of quantitative ecological statistics, we analyzed whether there were significant differences in microclimate indicators between the area under the photovoltaic panels, the area between the photovoltaic panels, the sidewalk area, and the area around the photovoltaic panel site.

[0032] Through the hierarchical analysis method, after standardizing the data, a comprehensive evaluation of the microclimates in different regions is carried out.

[0033] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: (1) a relatively systematic investigation, research and evaluation method for the microclimate of karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic sites is proposed, providing a scientific basis for the ecological restoration and management of karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic sites; (2) through field investigation, basic data for quantitative analysis of the microclimate characteristics of karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic sites is provided, which can provide data support for the ecological management and utilization of karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic sites; (3) systematic design, strong operability, simplicity and ease of use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0034] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present disclosure will become more apparent through a more detailed description of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals generally represent like components throughout the exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0035] Figure 1 A flow chart for investigating and evaluating microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains according to the present disclosure;

[0036] Figure 2 The types of photovoltaic panel installation on rocky desertified mountains with fixed brackets (left) and flexible brackets (right);

[0037] Figure 3 This is a topographic map of a photovoltaic site in rocky desertification;

[0038] Figure 4 The daily variation characteristics of light intensity in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area of ​​the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0039] Figure 5 The daily variation characteristics of ultraviolet radiation in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area of ​​the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0040] Figure 6 The daily variation characteristics of the ground surface temperature in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel areas of the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0041] Figure 7 The daily variation characteristics of relative humidity on the surface of the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area in the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0042] Figure 8 The daily variation characteristics of average wind speed in the fixed support and flexible photovoltaic panel areas of rocky desertification photovoltaic sites;

[0043] Fig. 9 The daily temperature variation characteristics of the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area in the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0044] Fig.10 The daily variation characteristics of relative humidity in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area of ​​the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0045] Fig.11The daily variation characteristics of air carbon dioxide in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel areas of rocky desertification photovoltaic sites;

[0046] Fig.12 The daily variation characteristics of negative air ions in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel areas of rocky desertification photovoltaic sites;

[0047] Fig.13 The daily variation characteristics of light radiation in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area of ​​the rocky desertification photovoltaic site;

[0048] Fig.14 The daily variation characteristics of effective photosynthetic radiation in the fixed bracket and flexible photovoltaic panel area of ​​the rocky desertification photovoltaic site. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0049] The preferred embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Although the preferred embodiments of the present disclosure are shown in the accompanying drawings, it should be understood that the present disclosure can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited by the embodiments set forth herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the present disclosure more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.

[0050] The present disclosure provides a method for investigating and evaluating microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains. A flowchart in an exemplary embodiment is shown in the attached figure. Figure 1 As shown, the specific steps are as follows:

[0051] (1) Investigate and analyze the characteristics of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains: Through field investigations, using photovoltaic site topographic maps or drone aerial photography to make topographic maps, analyze the distribution and spacing of photovoltaic panels in the photovoltaic sites in the investigated area, and the typical habitats (control) of areas without photovoltaic panels around the sites;

[0052] (2) Determine the location and number of microclimate monitoring points: Based on the terrain characteristics of the PV site, the type of PV panel installation, the length, width and height of the PV panel assembly, the distance between PV panel groups, and the typical habitat of the area without PV panels around the site. Among them: the terrain of the PV site can be classified into upper slope, middle slope and lower slope of the mountain; the type of PV panel installation can be divided into fixed bracket and flexible bracket type; the monitoring point type under the PV panels, the open space between the panels, the sidewalk, and the blank control of the area without PV panels can be set according to the gradient of the vertical distance from the PV site, such as 6m, 12m, 18m, etc.

[0053] (3) Determine the survey date: Generally, it is divided into routine microclimate monitoring every month throughout the year and investigative monitoring mainly in representative months. According to the local weather forecast, the monitoring should be carried out on a date with more than three consecutive sunny days.

[0054] (4) Investigation contents of monitoring points: mainly include (a) the location of monitoring points and their relationship with photovoltaic panels, (b) surface vegetation conditions, (c) microclimate factors, and (d) interference factors, etc., as follows:

[0055] (a) The location of monitoring points and their relationship with PV panels: Based on the actual situation of the PV site, such as the terrain of the mountain, the type of PV panel installation, the size of PV modules, the spacing between PV panels and the distribution of aisles, first divide the areas with different PV panel installation types (if there is only one type of area in the entire site, it can be considered as one type); secondly, within the same PV panel installation type area, set the gradient of the upper, middle and lower slopes according to the slope position (the PV panel installation area is generally on the sunny slope, so the slope direction setting does not need to be considered). If the actual slope length is insufficient and the distance between the slope gradients is less than 30m, the slope gradient setting should be reduced; the monitoring points should cover the area under the PV panels, the area between the PV panels, the sidewalk area and the area around the PV panel site (control). Among them, the monitoring points of the area under the PV panels, the area between the PV panels and the sidewalk area should be set in the middle position, and the coordinates of the monitoring points should be located by GPS and marked. The area around the PV panel site (control) should be set with a gradient vertically away from the PV panels, such as 5m or 10m as a monitoring point. Three monitoring points should be set for each type of monitoring points.

[0056] (b) Vegetation factor survey at the monitoring point: A circular survey plot with a radius of 1.5 m was established with the monitoring point as the center to investigate vegetation information such as species composition, coverage, height, etc.

[0057] (c) Determination of microclimate factors at monitoring points: 1) Using automatic recorders of temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation and illumination at 15-minute intervals, mainly for automatic collection of daily changes in microclimate at the surface and fixed heights; 2) Using microclimate measurement equipment such as temperature, humidity and wind speed handheld weather stations, air negative ion meters, and portable carbon dioxide, total radiation and photosynthetically active radiation meters, mainly for direct measurement of microclimate indicators at heights of 0.5m and 1.5m;

[0058] (d) Interference factor investigation: investigate whether interference exists, and record the specific type, intensity and frequency of interference;

[0059] (5) Data collation, analysis and evaluation: Based on the different types of monitoring sites and microclimate indicator data, combined with the common methods of quantitative ecological statistics, it is possible to analyze whether there are significant differences in the microclimate indicators between the area under the photovoltaic panels, the area between the photovoltaic panels, the sidewalk area and the area around the photovoltaic panel site (control); finally, through the hierarchical analysis method, after standardizing the data, a comprehensive evaluation of the microclimates of different regions can be carried out.

[0060] The map in step (1) includes topographic maps, satellite remote sensing maps, topographic maps produced by drone aerial photography, etc.

[0061] The step (2) collects comprehensive information such as the terrain features of the photovoltaic site, the type of photovoltaic panel installation, the length, width and height of the photovoltaic panel assembly from the ground, the distance between photovoltaic panel groups, and the typical habitat of the area without photovoltaic panels around the site.

[0062] The step (3) is generally divided into routine monitoring of microclimate every month throughout the year and investigative monitoring mainly in representative months.

[0063] The step (4) includes the location of the monitoring point and its relationship with the photovoltaic panel, the surface vegetation conditions, microclimate factors, interference factors, etc.

[0064] The step (5) analyzes whether there are significant differences in the microclimate indicators between the area under the photovoltaic panels, the area between the photovoltaic panels, the sidewalk area and the area around the photovoltaic panel site (control); finally, a hierarchical analysis method can be used to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the microclimates of different regions after standardizing the data.

[0065] The method described in this embodiment is highly operational and effective, and provides a standard method for the investigation and evaluation of microclimates of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains. It has broad application prospects in agriculture and ecological environment management based on the microclimate characteristics of photovoltaic sites.

[0066] The above technical scheme is only an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, it is easy to make various types of improvements or modifications based on the application methods and principles disclosed in the present invention, and it is not limited to the method described in the above specific embodiment of the present invention. Therefore, the method described above is only preferred and does not have a restrictive meaning.

Claims

1. A method for investigating and evaluating microclimate of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountainous areas, comprising the following steps: S1, investigate the characteristics of photovoltaic sites in karst rocky desertification mountains, including: topographic characteristics of photovoltaic sites, photovoltaic panels and their installation parameters, and typical habitats in areas without photovoltaic panels around the sites; S2, set the location and number of microclimate monitoring points according to the characteristics of the PV site; S3, determine the survey date; S4, based on the set monitoring points, investigate the microclimate index data, including: surface vegetation conditions, microclimate factors, natural and human interference factors; S5, organize, analyze and evaluate the microclimate index data around the photovoltaic panels.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The step S1 specifically includes: Through field surveys, or by using photovoltaic site topographic maps, satellite remote sensing maps or drone aerial photography to produce topographic maps, comprehensive information on the karst rocky desertification mountain photovoltaic sites to be investigated can be obtained, including: the topographic characteristics of the photovoltaic site, the photovoltaic panel installation type, the length, width and height of the photovoltaic panel assembly above the ground, the distance between photovoltaic panel groups, and the typical habitat of the photovoltaic panel-free area around the site used as a control.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: In step S2, the specific method for setting the microclimate monitoring point includes: Based on the actual conditions of the photovoltaic site, including: mountain terrain, photovoltaic panel installation type, photovoltaic module size, photovoltaic panel spacing and aisle distribution, first divide the photovoltaic panel installation type area; Secondly, in the same photovoltaic panel installation type area, the gradient is set according to the slope position; if the actual slope length is insufficient and the distance between the slope gradients is less than 30m, the slope gradient is reduced; The monitoring points are set up in the areas under the photovoltaic panels, between the photovoltaic panels, on the sidewalks, and around the photovoltaic panel sites. The monitoring points under the photovoltaic panels, between the photovoltaic panels, and on the sidewalks are set up in the middle, and the coordinates of the monitoring points are located by GPS and marked. As a control, the surrounding area of ​​the photovoltaic panel site is set with a gradient of vertical distance from the photovoltaic panels, with 6m, 12m and 18m as one monitoring point respectively. Each gradient monitoring point needs to be set up with more than 3 monitoring points repeated.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The survey date setting method in step S3 includes: 1) Routine monitoring: carried out monthly throughout the year; 2) Investigative monitoring: Select representative months for monitoring; During each monitoring survey, we select dates with more than three consecutive sunny days for monitoring based on the local weather forecast.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for investigating various indicator data in step S4 includes: Vegetation factor survey at monitoring points: With the monitoring point as the center, a circular survey plot with a radius of 1.5m was established to investigate vegetation information, including: species composition, coverage, and height of vegetation; Determination of microclimate factors at monitoring points: 1) Use an automatic recorder of temperature, humidity, ultraviolet radiation and illumination to automatically collect daily changes in microclimate at the surface and fixed height at 15-minute intervals; 2) Use one or more portable microclimate measuring devices including temperature, humidity, wind speed, air negative ion meter, carbon dioxide, total radiation, and photosynthetically active radiation to directly measure microclimate indicators at heights of 0.5m, 1.0m, and 1.5m; Interference factor investigation: Investigate whether there are natural and human-induced disturbances, and record the specific type, intensity and frequency of disturbances.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The specific method of step S5 includes: According to different monitoring site types and microclimate indicator data types, combined with the common methods of quantitative ecological statistics, we analyzed whether there were significant differences in microclimate indicators between the area under the photovoltaic panels, the area between the photovoltaic panels, the sidewalk area, and the area around the photovoltaic panel site. Through the hierarchical analysis method, after standardizing the data, a comprehensive evaluation of the microclimates in different regions is carried out.

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