Environmental protection and water conservation system management method for mechanical construction of power transmission line

Abstract

The invention discloses an environmental protection and water conservation system management method for mechanical construction of a power transmission line, and the method employs scientific decision support and systematic management strategies, reduces the damage to an ecological system through the comprehensive optimization of environmental impact assessment, path optimization selection, basic type selection, construction machinery optimization, temporary road design and other links, and improves the construction efficiency. And soil disturbance, vegetation damage and water and soil loss are effectively reduced. The introduction of the dynamic environment monitoring system enables the construction management to have the capability of real-time adjustment, can quickly respond to sudden environmental problems, and improves the environmental protection and safety of the construction process. The measures of surface soil stripping and covering, vegetation recovery and land improvement further promote the ecological restoration after construction, recover the soil structure and biological diversity, and reduce the long-term influence on the natural environment. According to the optimization method, the environmental friendliness and the management intelligence level of power transmission line construction can be improved from the perspective of a full life cycle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of construction environmental protection technology, and in particular to a method for managing an environmental protection and water conservation system for mechanized construction of power transmission lines. Background Art

[0002] In the construction of power transmission line projects, with the continuous expansion of the scale of power grids and the continuous extension of power transmission lines, the environmental impact of construction activities has become increasingly prominent. Traditional construction methods usually rely on a large amount of manual operation and basic mechanical equipment. During the construction process, temporary roads need to be built, earthwork excavation and large-scale infrastructure construction need to be carried out, which not only causes serious damage to the local ecosystem, but also may cause a series of environmental problems such as soil erosion, vegetation destruction and water pollution. In addition, as power transmission lines gradually extend to mountainous areas, hilly areas and other areas with complex terrain, the difficulty of construction has further increased. How to ensure construction efficiency while minimizing the impact on the environment has become an important issue that needs to be urgently solved in the field of power transmission line construction.

[0003] In the existing technology, some technologies and methods for the environmental protection and water conservation issues of power transmission line construction have been proposed one after another. For example, the vegetation restoration assessment system for hilly terrain monitors and predicts the vegetation restoration effect of the construction site through basic assessment modules, feature assessment modules, etc., which improves the effect of vegetation restoration; the processing method of the green evaluation index of the distribution line can evaluate the greenness in the whole life cycle of planning, design, construction and operation and maintenance in quasi-real time, and provide guidance for green construction; the power transmission line construction process control system improves the control efficiency of the construction site through drone image processing and data integration. However, these technologies are mostly concentrated on a single link, such as vegetation restoration or construction monitoring, lack of systematic optimization solutions for construction environmental protection and water conservation measures, and it is difficult to cope with the complex and diverse environmental protection needs during the construction process. In addition, the existing technology does not take into account the key links such as temporary road design, construction machinery optimization and topsoil protection, resulting in the inability to effectively avoid damage to the ecological environment.

[0004] Therefore, in the mechanized construction of transmission lines, the complex impact of the construction process on the environment, the limitations of existing technologies, and the lack of systematic disposal methods in the construction process have become problems that need to be solved urgently. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides an environmental protection and water conservation system management method for mechanized construction of power transmission lines, aiming to solve the problems of the complex impact of the construction process on the environment, the limitations of the existing technology, and the lack of systematic optimization strategies in the construction process in the mechanized construction of power transmission lines in the prior art.

[0006] In a first aspect, a method for managing an environmental protection and water conservation system for mechanized construction of a power transmission line is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Planning phase of transmission line project:

[0008] Conduct a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the construction area to identify and avoid ecologically sensitive areas. The assessment includes air pollution, noise, electromagnetic environment, ecosystem, water environment, socio-economics, landscape and visual aspects, and risk aspects;

[0009] Optimize the construction path according to environmental impact, construction cost and feasibility, and give priority to the path with the least damage to the environment;

[0010] Select the foundation type based on environmental impact, cost, geological adaptability, construction difficulty, long-term stability and environmental resilience factors;

[0011] Mechanized construction stage:

[0012] Select target construction machinery based on environmental impact, cost, efficiency, geological adaptability, terrain adaptability, safety and sustainability factors;

[0013] Optimize temporary road design, limit road width and length, and use environmentally friendly materials to reduce environmental impact;

[0014] After construction is completed:

[0015] Establish a real-time environmental monitoring system during the construction process to dynamically monitor the quality of air, water and soil; strip the topsoil before construction and cover it after construction to restore soil structure and vegetation;

[0016] Implement soil and water conservation measures, including building ditches, slag retaining walls, and using covering materials to protect soil resources;

[0017] Implement water resource protection measures in water source protection areas, restrict construction activities, use environmentally friendly materials, and after construction, carry out vegetation restoration and land improvement in the construction area, and plant native plants to restore ecological functions.

[0018] In the above scheme, optionally, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment is conducted on the construction area and quantified by the following mathematical model:

[0019] Particle Diffusion Model:

[0020] Where C(x,y,z) is the pollutant concentration, Q is the emission rate of the emission source, u is the diffusion parameter, and y and z are the horizontal and vertical distances from the source;

[0021] Noise attenuation model: L = L0-20log 10 (r)-A;

[0022] Where L is the noise level at the receiving point, L0 is the noise level at the sound source, r is the distance from the sound source to the receiving point, and A is the attenuation;

[0023] Electromagnetic environment impact model:

[0024] Where E is the electric field strength, U is the voltage, k is a constant, and d is the distance;

[0025] Ecological Impact Assessment Model:

[0026] Among them, E t is the total ecological impact, E i is the impact degree of the i-th ecological factor, which can be species extinction risk, habitat destruction, etc., S i is the sensitivity of the ith ecological element, R i is the effectiveness of mitigation measures;

[0027] Surface Water Quality Model: C t =C0exp(-kL);

[0028] Among them, C t is the pollutant concentration at a point downstream, C0 is the pollutant concentration at the source, k is the attenuation coefficient, and L is the distance from the source;

[0029] Employment impact model: T = I × M;

[0030] Among them, T is the employment impact, I is the investment amount, and M is the number of jobs created per unit of investment;

[0031] Comprehensive evaluation of landscape visual resources: VI = S d ×w1+S a ×w2+S n ×w3+S t ×w4;

[0032] Among them, VI is the comprehensive landscape visual index, S d , S a , S n , S t They are relative distance sensitivity, relative slope sensitivity, conspicuity and video sensitivity, w1 to w4 are the corresponding weights;

[0033] Risk matrix analysis method: R = L × S

[0034] Among them, R is the risk value, L is the possibility of an accident, and S is the severity of the accident consequences.

[0035] In the above scheme, optionally, the following formula is used to optimize the construction path according to environmental impact, construction cost and feasibility:

[0036] OP = argmin P∈Paths (α×EI(P)+β×C(P)+γ×F(P));

[0037] Among them, OP is the optimal path; Paths is the set of all possible paths; EI(P) is the environmental impact of path P; C(P) is the cost of path P; F(P) is the feasibility of path P; α, β, γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between environmental impact, cost and feasibility.

[0038] In the above solution, optionally, the basic type of selection is specifically:

[0039] The basic type selection model and method are as follows:

[0040]

[0041] Among them: B * is the optimal basic type; B represents the set of basic types, including B1, B2, …, B n Different types; m is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; E i (B) Evaluation value of basic type B under the i-th evaluation index;

[0042] Evaluation index E i (B) Includes the following indicators:

[0043] Environmental impact E1(B)——Consider the impact of the basic model on the ecological environment;

[0044] Cost E2 (B) - includes economic factors such as material cost, construction cost, and maintenance cost;

[0045] Geological adaptability E3 (B) - Select the most suitable foundation type according to geological conditions;

[0046] Construction difficulty E4 (B) - Consider construction technical difficulty, construction period, and construction risk factors;

[0047] Long-term stability E5(B)——Consider the long-term stability and durability of the basic type;

[0048] Environmental restoration capacity E6(B) - Consider the difficulty and cost of environmental restoration after construction;

[0049] Weight w i Determined through expert scoring or hierarchical analysis method to ensure the scientificity and rationality of the decision-making process.

[0050] In the above scheme, optional construction machinery optimization includes:

[0051]

[0052] Where: M * is the optimal construction machinery; M represents the set of construction machinery, including M1, M2, …, M n Different types of machinery; k is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; E i (M, G, T are the impact assessment values ​​of construction machinery M under geological conditions G and terrain conditions T under the i-th evaluation index;

[0053] Evaluation index E i (M,G,T) includes the following indicators:

[0054] Environmental impact E1 (M, G, T) - quantify the impact of construction machinery on the environment;

[0055] Cost E2 (M, G, T) - includes the purchase cost, operation cost and maintenance cost of the machinery;

[0056] Efficiency E3 (M, G, T) - considers the construction speed, productivity and quality of the completed tasks of the machinery;

[0057] Geological adaptability E4 (M, G, T) - evaluates the performance and applicability of machinery under different geological conditions;

[0058] Terrain adaptability E5 (M, G, T) - evaluates the performance and applicability of machinery under different terrain conditions;

[0059] Safety E6 (M, G, T) - Consider the safety and accident risks of mechanical operation;

[0060] Sustainability E7 (M,G,T) – Assess the long-term environmental impact and resource consumption of machinery.

[0061] In the above solution, optionally, the optimizing temporary road design and limiting the road width and length include:

[0062] Optimizing road width and length to reduce land disturbance;

[0063] using environmentally friendly materials, including mud-bound macadam road surfaces;

[0064] The decision is made based on the following formula:

[0065] Where: E temp represents the total environmental impact of temporary road construction; W represents the width of the road; L represents the length of the road; M env Indicates the proportion of environmentally friendly materials used; M totalIndicates the total material usage; C env It represents the long-term impact of temporary roads on the environment, including the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration; α, β, and γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between road size, material selection, and environmental impact.

[0066] In the above scheme, optionally, the real-time environmental monitoring system established during the construction process includes dynamic monitoring of the following parameters: PM2.5, PM10, SOx, NOx concentrations in the air, COD, BOD, SS and pH values ​​in water bodies, heavy metal and organic pollutant concentrations in the soil, as well as noise and soil erosion.

[0067] In the above scheme, optionally, the topsoil is stripped before construction, and the topsoil is covered after construction. The restoration of soil structure and vegetation is evaluated by the following formula:

[0068]

[0069] Among them, E soil V represents the total environmental impact of topsoil stripping and restoration; strip V represents the volume of topsoil stripped; total represents the total soil volume; V rec Indicates the volume of topsoil recovery; D soil Indicates the degree of soil disturbance; C veg It indicates the difficulty and cost of vegetation restoration; α, β, γ, and δ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between topsoil stripping ratio, topsoil recovery efficiency, soil disturbance degree, and vegetation restoration.

[0070] In the above scheme, optionally, the soil and water conservation measures include constructing ditches and slag retaining walls, and using colored strips of cloth or other materials to protect the soil and reduce soil erosion.

[0071] In the above scheme, optionally, after the construction is completed, vegetation restoration and land improvement are carried out in the construction area, and native plants are planted to restore ecological functions, including:

[0072] Planting native plants that are suitable for local ecological conditions;

[0073] The vegetation restoration effect was evaluated according to the following formula:

[0074]

[0075] Among them, QER score represents the total score of quantified ecological restoration; r is the number of positive impact indicators; s is the number of negative impact indicators; w i and w j ' is the weight of the i-th positive impact indicator and the j-th negative impact indicator; Q iis the quantitative value of the ith positive impact indicator; C j is the quantitative value of the jth negative impact indicator;

[0076] Positive Impact Index Q i include:

[0077] Vegetation coverage change Q1: Among them, V fi is the final vegetation coverage, V in is the initial vegetation coverage, V max is the maximum possible vegetation cover;

[0078] Biodiversity index changes Q2: Where t is the total number of species, p i is the relative abundance of the ith species;

[0079] Soil quality improvement Q3: A t is the actual soil mass, B t For ideal soil quality;

[0080] Negative Impact Indicator C j include:

[0081] Soil erosion risk C1: C1 = R × K × L × S × C × P; where R is the rainfall erosion factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, L is the slope length factor, S is the slope factor, C is the vegetation cover factor, and P is the protection measure factor;

[0082] Soil contamination level C2: Among them, P k is the content of the kth pollutant, P k,max is the maximum permissible level of the pollutant;

[0083] Environmental damage cost C3: Among them, S i is the loss of the i-th non-market resource, P i is the shadow price of the ith resource.

[0084] Compared with the prior art, this application has at least the following beneficial effects:

[0085] Based on further analysis and research on the problems of the prior art, this application recognizes the complex impact of the construction process on the environment, the limitations of the prior art, and the lack of a systematic optimization strategy in the construction process in the mechanized construction of power transmission lines in the prior art. Through scientific decision support and systematic management strategies, the construction process is optimized, the environmental impact is minimized, and soil and water loss is controlled, which is helpful to promote the progress of construction technology and the modernization of construction management. It can comprehensively solve the problems of complex environmental impacts, limitations of the prior art, and lack of a systematic optimization strategy in the construction process. This method reduces the damage to the ecosystem through comprehensive optimization of environmental impact assessment, path optimization selection, foundation type selection, construction machinery optimization, temporary road design, etc., and effectively reduces soil disturbance, vegetation destruction and soil and water loss. The introduction of a dynamic environmental monitoring system enables construction management to have the ability to adjust in real time, can quickly respond to sudden environmental problems, and improves the environmental protection and safety of the construction process. Topsoil stripping and recovery, vegetation restoration and land improvement measures further promote ecological restoration after construction, restore soil structure and biodiversity, and reduce long-term impacts on the natural environment. In addition, water and soil conservation and water resource protection measures effectively reduce water pollution and soil erosion, ensuring the sustainability of the construction area and surrounding environment. The optimization method of the present invention can improve the environmental friendliness and intelligent management level of power transmission line construction from the perspective of the entire life cycle, and provides a systematic solution to the construction environmental protection problem in the current background technology. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0086] Figure 1 A flow chart of a method for managing an environmental protection and water conservation system for mechanized construction of a power transmission line provided in one embodiment of the present application;

[0087] Figure 2 A flowchart for optimizing environmental protection and water conservation measures for mechanized construction of power transmission lines provided in one embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0088] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present application more clearly understood, the present application is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present application and are not used to limit the present application.

[0089] In one embodiment, Figure 1 As shown, a method for managing an environmental protection and water conservation system for mechanized construction of a transmission line is provided, comprising the following steps:

[0090] Planning phase of transmission line project:

[0091] Conduct a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the construction area to identify and avoid ecologically sensitive areas. The assessment includes air pollution, noise, electromagnetic environment, ecosystem, water environment, socio-economics, landscape and visual aspects, and risk aspects;

[0092] Optimize the construction path according to environmental impact, construction cost and feasibility, and give priority to the path with the least damage to the environment;

[0093] Select the foundation type based on environmental impact, cost, geological adaptability, construction difficulty, long-term stability and environmental resilience factors;

[0094] Mechanized construction stage:

[0095] Select target construction machinery based on environmental impact, cost, efficiency, geological adaptability, terrain adaptability, safety and sustainability factors;

[0096] Optimize temporary road design, limit road width and length, and use environmentally friendly materials to reduce environmental impact;

[0097] After construction is completed:

[0098] Establish a real-time environmental monitoring system during the construction process to dynamically monitor the quality of air, water and soil; strip the topsoil before construction and cover it after construction to restore soil structure and vegetation;

[0099] Implement soil and water conservation measures, including building ditches, slag retaining walls, and using covering materials to protect soil resources;

[0100] Implement water resource protection measures in water source protection areas, restrict construction activities, use environmentally friendly materials, and after construction, carry out vegetation restoration and land improvement in the construction area, and plant native plants to restore ecological functions.

[0101] This embodiment proposes a method for managing the environmental protection and water conservation system of mechanized construction of power transmission lines, which proposes specific optimization methods for key links involved in the construction process through comprehensive step decomposition. The specific implementation method is as follows:

[0102] Before the construction of the transmission line project, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment is conducted on the construction area. The diffusion law of particulate matter generated during the construction process in the air is calculated through the particle diffusion model; the impact range of mechanical construction noise on the surrounding environment is predicted through the noise attenuation model; the potential impact of the electromagnetic field of the transmission line on the ecological environment and human health is evaluated through the electromagnetic environment impact model; at the same time, the water pollution model and ecological assessment model are combined to quantify the impact of construction activities on water bodies, soil and biodiversity. The assessment results are used to guide the planning of subsequent construction links.

[0103] Using a multi-objective optimization model, the construction route is comprehensively selected based on environmental impacts (such as soil erosion and biodiversity damage), construction costs (road construction costs, foundation construction costs) and construction feasibility (geological conditions and terrain complexity). Existing traffic roads are given priority to reduce environmental disturbance. The optimized route can effectively reduce earthwork volume and construction interference range.

[0104] According to the geological conditions of the construction area, select the appropriate foundation type. For example, in hard rock areas, rock anchor foundation is preferred to reduce damage to the ground; in soft soil areas, micro pile foundation is used to reduce the impact on geological stability. At the same time, the construction difficulty and economy are comprehensively considered to ensure that the foundation type strikes a balance between long-term stability and environmental friendliness.

[0105] Choose small construction machinery and equipment with low noise and vibration, such as small modular anchor drilling rigs and micro pile drilling rigs. These equipment are suitable for operations in complex terrains, can reduce damage to terrain and vegetation, and reduce the noise and vibration impact of construction on the surrounding environment.

[0106] When planning and constructing temporary roads in the construction area, environmentally friendly materials such as mud-bound gravel are used, and the width and length of the roads are strictly limited. The amount of topsoil stripping during road construction is optimized to ensure minimal environmental disturbance and facilitate subsequent topsoil recovery and vegetation restoration.

[0107] During the construction process, a dynamic environmental monitoring system will be established to monitor air quality (dust concentration caused by soil erosion), water quality (changes in COD and BOD indicators), noise (mechanical vibration noise) and soil disturbance (heavy metal content, etc.) in real time, and the construction plan will be adjusted in a timely manner based on the monitoring data.

[0108] Before construction, the topsoil is stripped and stored in a designated area. After construction, the topsoil is restored to restore its structure and fertility to facilitate vegetation recovery. After construction, local plants are planted to promote the restoration of the ecosystem.

[0109] Soil and water loss are controlled by building intercepting ditches, slag retaining walls and other facilities. At the same time, the construction site is covered with protective materials to prevent soil erosion. Soil and water conservation measures are reasonably designed in combination with the terrain characteristics to ensure that soil resources are protected to the greatest extent during construction.

[0110] In water source protection areas, the scope and intensity of construction activities are limited, pollution-free materials are strictly selected, and construction waste is prevented from entering the water source to ensure the stability of the water ecosystem.

[0111] After the construction is completed, land consolidation and vegetation restoration will be carried out according to the ecological characteristics of the construction area, with priority given to planting local plants to restore biodiversity. Vegetation will be covered on the exposed land after construction to improve soil stability and reduce the risk of soil erosion.

[0112] The above implementation method can effectively solve the problems mentioned in the background technology, such as the complex influence of the construction environment, the limitations of existing technologies, and the lack of systematic optimization strategies in the construction process. Specific technical effects include:

[0113] Through comprehensive environmental impact assessments, we can accurately identify the potential threats of construction activities to the air, water, soil and biodiversity, and by optimizing the path and foundation type design, we can minimize the scope of soil disturbance and avoid large-scale vegetation destruction.

[0114] By implementing soil and water conservation measures (such as intercepting ditches and slag retaining walls) and topsoil stripping and restoration measures, the amount of soil and water loss during and after construction can be significantly reduced, protecting soil resources in the area.

[0115] The use of low-noise, low-vibration construction machinery and environmentally friendly materials can effectively reduce the impact of mechanical vibration on the surrounding environment and residents, and reduce the pollution of the ecological environment by construction waste.

[0116] By optimizing the design of temporary roads and the selection of construction routes, the transportation demand for construction materials and equipment can be reduced, while costs and energy consumption can be reduced.

[0117] Through vegetation restoration and land reclamation measures, the ecosystem in the construction area can be effectively repaired, the soil structure and biodiversity can be restored, and the long-term impact on the natural environment can be reduced.

[0118] The dynamic environmental monitoring system provides real-time data support, enabling construction management to have efficient adjustment capabilities and respond quickly to emergencies, further improving the safety and environmental protection of the construction process.

[0119] This embodiment uses the synergistic effect of multiple optimization measures to perform environmental protection and water conservation optimization design throughout the entire process from before construction, during construction to after construction, which can significantly improve the environmental friendliness of transmission line construction and promote the modernization and sustainable development of construction management.

[0120] In this embodiment, the comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the construction area is quantified by the following mathematical model:

[0121] Particle Diffusion Model:

[0122] Where C(x,y,z) is the pollutant concentration, Q is the emission rate of the emission source, u is the diffusion parameter, and y and z are the horizontal and vertical distances from the source;

[0123] Noise attenuation model: L = L0-20log 10 (r)-A;

[0124] Where L is the noise level at the receiving point, L0 is the noise level at the sound source, r is the distance from the sound source to the receiving point, and A is the attenuation;

[0125] Electromagnetic environment impact model:

[0126] Where E is the electric field strength, U is the voltage, k is a constant, and d is the distance;

[0127] Ecological Impact Assessment Model:

[0128] Among them, E t is the total ecological impact, E i is the impact degree of the i-th ecological factor, which can be species extinction risk, habitat destruction, etc., S i is the sensitivity of the ith ecological element, R i is the effectiveness of mitigation measures;

[0129] Surface Water Quality Model: C t =C0exp(-kL);

[0130] Among them, C t is the pollutant concentration at a point downstream, C0 is the pollutant concentration at the source, k is the attenuation coefficient, and L is the distance from the source;

[0131] Employment impact model: T = I × M;

[0132] Among them, T is the employment impact, I is the investment amount, and M is the number of jobs created per unit of investment;

[0133] Comprehensive evaluation of landscape visual resources: VI = S d ×w1+S a ×w2+S n ×w3+S t ×w4;

[0134] Among them, VI is the comprehensive landscape visual index, S d , S a , S n , S t They are relative distance sensitivity, relative slope sensitivity, conspicuity and video sensitivity, w1 to w4 are the corresponding weights;

[0135] Risk matrix analysis method: R = L × S

[0136] Among them, R is the risk value, L is the possibility of an accident, and S is the severity of the accident consequences.

[0137] In this embodiment, the following formula is used to optimize the construction path according to environmental impact, construction cost and feasibility:

[0138] OP = argmin P∈Paths (α×EI(P)+β×C(P)+γ×F(P));

[0139] Among them, OP is the optimal path; Paths is the set of all possible paths; EI(P) is the environmental impact of path P; C(P) is the cost of path P; F(P) is the feasibility of path P; α, β, γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between environmental impact, cost and feasibility.

[0140] In this embodiment, the basic type is selected, specifically:

[0141] The basic type selection model and method are as follows:

[0142]

[0143] Among them: B * is the optimal basic type; B represents the set of basic types, including B1, B2, …, B n Different types; m is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; E i (B) Evaluation value of basic type B under the i-th evaluation index;

[0144] Evaluation index E i (B) Includes the following indicators:

[0145] Environmental impact E1(B)——Consider the impact of the basic model on the ecological environment;

[0146] Cost E2 (B) - includes economic factors such as material cost, construction cost, and maintenance cost;

[0147] Geological adaptability E3 (B) - Select the most suitable foundation type according to geological conditions;

[0148] Construction difficulty E4 (B) - Consider construction technical difficulty, construction period, and construction risk factors;

[0149] Long-term stability E5(B)——Consider the long-term stability and durability of the basic type;

[0150] Environmental restoration capacity E6(B) - Consider the difficulty and cost of environmental restoration after construction;

[0151] Weight w i Determined through expert scoring or hierarchical analysis method to ensure the scientificity and rationality of the decision-making process.

[0152] In this embodiment, construction machinery optimization includes:

[0153]

[0154] Where: M * is the optimal construction machinery; M represents the set of construction machinery, including M1, M2, …, M n Different types of machinery; k is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; E i (M, G, T are the impact assessment values ​​of construction machinery M under geological conditions G and terrain conditions T under the i-th evaluation index;

[0155] Evaluation index E i (M,G,T) includes the following indicators:

[0156] Environmental impact E1 (M, G, T) - quantify the impact of construction machinery on the environment;

[0157] Cost E2 (M, G, T) - includes the purchase cost, operation cost and maintenance cost of the machinery;

[0158] Efficiency E3 (M, G, T) - considers the construction speed, productivity and quality of the completed tasks of the machinery;

[0159] Geological adaptability E4 (M, G, T) - evaluates the performance and applicability of machinery under different geological conditions;

[0160] Terrain adaptability E5 (M, G, T) - evaluates the performance and applicability of machinery under different terrain conditions;

[0161] Safety E6 (M, G, T) - Consider the safety and accident risks of mechanical operation;

[0162] Sustainability E7 (M,G,T) – Assess the long-term environmental impact and resource consumption of machinery.

[0163] In this embodiment, the optimization of temporary road design and limiting road width and length include:

[0164] Optimizing road width and length to reduce land disturbance;

[0165] using environmentally friendly materials, including mud-bound macadam road surfaces;

[0166] The decision is made based on the following formula:

[0167] Where: E temp represents the total environmental impact of temporary road construction; W represents the width of the road; L represents the length of the road; M env Indicates the proportion of environmentally friendly materials used; M total Indicates the total material usage; Cenv It represents the long-term impact of temporary roads on the environment, including the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration; α, β, and γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between road size, material selection, and environmental impact.

[0168] In this embodiment, the real-time environmental monitoring system established during the construction process includes dynamic monitoring of the following parameters: PM2.5, PM10, SO x 、NO x concentration, COD, BOD, SS and pH values ​​in water bodies, concentrations of heavy metals and organic pollutants in soil, as well as noise and soil erosion.

[0169] In this embodiment, the topsoil is stripped before construction, and the topsoil is covered after construction. The restoration of soil structure and vegetation is evaluated by the following formula:

[0170]

[0171] Among them, E soil V represents the total environmental impact of topsoil stripping and restoration; strip V represents the volume of topsoil stripped; total represents the total soil volume; V rec Indicates the volume of topsoil recovery; D soil Indicates the degree of soil disturbance; C veg It indicates the difficulty and cost of vegetation restoration; α, β, γ, and δ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between topsoil stripping ratio, topsoil recovery efficiency, soil disturbance degree, and vegetation restoration.

[0172] In this embodiment, the soil and water conservation measures include constructing ditches and slag retaining walls, and using colored strips of cloth or other materials to protect the soil and reduce soil erosion.

[0173] In this embodiment, after the construction is completed, vegetation restoration and land improvement are carried out in the construction area, and native plants are planted to restore ecological functions, including:

[0174] Planting native plants that are suitable for local ecological conditions;

[0175] The vegetation restoration effect was evaluated according to the following formula:

[0176]

[0177] Among them, QER score represents the total score of quantified ecological restoration; r is the number of positive impact indicators; s is the number of negative impact indicators; w i and w j ' is the weight of the i-th positive impact indicator and the j-th negative impact indicator; Q iis the quantitative value of the ith positive impact indicator; C j is the quantitative value of the jth negative impact indicator;

[0178] Positive Impact Index Q i include:

[0179] Vegetation coverage change Q1: Among them, V fi is the final vegetation coverage, V in is the initial vegetation coverage, V max is the maximum possible vegetation cover;

[0180] Biodiversity index changes Q2: Where t is the total number of species, p i is the relative abundance of the ith species;

[0181] Soil quality improvement Q3: A t is the actual soil mass, B t For ideal soil quality;

[0182] Negative Impact Indicator C j include:

[0183] Soil erosion risk C1: C1 = R × K × L × S × C × P; where R is the rainfall erosion factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, L is the slope length factor, S is the slope factor, C is the vegetation cover factor, and P is the protection measure factor;

[0184] Soil contamination level C2: Among them, P k is the content of the kth pollutant, P k,max is the maximum permissible content of the pollutant;

[0185] Environmental damage cost C3: Among them, S i is the loss of the i-th non-market resource, P i is the shadow price of the ith resource.

[0186] The existing technology provides a system for evaluating vegetation restoration in hilly terrain during power grid construction:

[0187] A vegetation restoration assessment system for hilly terrain in power grid construction includes a basic assessment module, a feature assessment module, a case data module and a scheme assessment module. The basic assessment module is used to assess the common features of vegetation restoration in the area to which the target restoration construction site belongs. The feature assessment module is used to assess multiple target features of the target restoration construction site. The case data module is used to generate vegetation restoration case data according to the common features of vegetation restoration in the area to which the target restoration construction site belongs and multiple target features. The restoration assessment module is used to assess the vegetation restoration status of the vegetation restoration case to obtain vegetation restoration status features, and train and generate a vegetation restoration case assessment model according to the vegetation restoration case data and the vegetation restoration status features. The state of vegetation restoration of the transmission and transformation tower base in hilly terrain is effectively monitored and assessed to improve the vegetation restoration effect.

[0188] In the prior art, a method for processing green evaluation indicators of distribution lines uses data from the entire life cycle of distribution lines from planning and design, construction to operation and maintenance to automatically participate in the green evaluation of distribution lines, which has the characteristics of multiple time scales, full life cycle, network adaptation and quasi-real-time evaluation. The evaluation results obtained can provide a useful basis and guidance for the planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance and other work of distribution lines that take greenness into account.

[0189] In the prior art, a control system and a control method for the construction process of a power transmission line relate to the technical field of power transmission line engineering construction, and can conveniently, timely, efficiently and safely control the construction process of a power transmission line. The control system includes: a drone, used to take aerial photos of the construction site; a drone flight control module connected to the drone signal, used to control the drone to take aerial photos along a set path, at a set angle and height; an image processing module connected to the drone signal, used to process the image taken by the drone, and extract effective information that meets the requirements for controlling the construction site; a construction site control platform connected to the image processing module, used to integrate various data on the construction site according to the extracted effective information. The above-mentioned control system is applied to the construction process of power transmission lines to manage and control the construction process.

[0190] These patented technologies demonstrate the trend of environmental and water conservation technologies in mechanized construction. With the continuous advancement of technology, future mechanized construction will pay more attention to environmental friendliness, real-time monitoring and evaluation, data-driven decision support, and full life cycle management. The application of these technologies will help improve the environmental protection and water conservation level of mechanized construction, and promote the advancement of construction technology and the modernization of construction management.

[0191] This embodiment provides a method for managing the environmental protection and water conservation system of mechanized construction of power transmission lines. Figure 2As shown, through scientific decision support and systematic management strategies, the construction process can be optimized, environmental impact can be minimized, soil and water loss can be controlled, etc., which will help promote the advancement of construction technology and the modernization of construction management.

[0192] Implementation background of this embodiment: Compared with conventional construction methods, mechanized construction requires the construction of machinery access roads. Towers in mountainous areas are often far away from existing roads, so the construction scale of temporary roads is large and the amount of earthwork is increased. On the other hand, for sloping terrain, in order to provide a platform for mechanical operations, earthwork excavation must be carried out near the tower base, which increases the scope of ground disturbance and has a greater impact on environmental and water conservation.

[0193] The main process of this embodiment is as follows:

[0194] Environmental impact assessment: During the planning stage of the transmission line project, a comprehensive environmental impact assessment should be conducted to identify and avoid ecologically sensitive areas and reduce the impact on the environment. The assessment should include the impact on animal and plant habitats, water sources and cultural sites.

[0195] Path optimization selection: When selecting a path, priority is given to using existing transportation routes to reduce damage to the natural environment. At the same time, the topography is considered to select the path with the least impact on the environment.

[0196] Selection of foundation type: Based on geological and topographic conditions, select the foundation type with the least environmental impact, such as rock anchor foundation and micropile foundation, to reduce soil disturbance and vegetation damage.

[0197] Construction machinery optimization: Select low-noise and low-vibration construction machinery, such as small modular anchor drilling rigs and micro-pile drilling rigs, to reduce interference with terrain and vegetation and reduce the impact of construction on the environment.

[0198] Temporary road construction: Optimize temporary road design, limit road width and length, use environmentally friendly materials such as mud-bound gravel pavement, and reduce the impact of road construction on the environment.

[0199] Environmental monitoring: Establish an environmental monitoring system to conduct real-time monitoring of the ecological and environmental impacts during the construction process, and adjust the construction plan based on the monitoring results to ensure environmental safety.

[0200] Topsoil stripping and restoration: The topsoil should be stripped and properly preserved before construction, and the topsoil should be restored after construction to protect the soil structure, promote vegetation recovery, and maintain soil fertility.

[0201] Soil and water conservation measures: Implement soil and water conservation measures, such as building ditches and slag retaining walls, using colored striped cloth for covering, etc., to reduce soil erosion and protect soil resources.

[0202] Water resource protection: In water source protection areas, strict water resource protection measures are taken to restrict construction activities, use environmentally friendly materials and construction methods, and prevent water pollution.

[0203] Vegetation restoration and land improvement: After the construction is completed, land improvement and vegetation restoration work will be carried out, native plants will be planted, the ecological functions of the construction area will be restored, and biodiversity will be improved.

[0204] In a specific embodiment, the embodiment includes:

[0205] Environmental Impact Assessment: Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process for evaluating the impact of a proposed construction project, plan or policy on the environment. It aims to identify, predict and assess the possible environmental changes brought about by these activities and their impacts on ecosystems, biodiversity, human health and well-being.

[0206] This work needs to be completed based on the following types of models:

[0207] Air pollution model: Analyze the impact of transmission line construction on air quality, including the emission and diffusion of pollutants such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides.

[0208] Acoustic environment impact model: Evaluate the impact of noise generated during the operation of transmission lines on the surrounding environment and residents.

[0209] Electromagnetic environment impact model: study the impact of electromagnetic fields generated during the operation of transmission lines on the ecological environment and human health.

[0210] Ecological impact assessment model: Analyze the impact of transmission line construction on the ecosystem, including habitat destruction, interference with species migration routes, etc.

[0211] Water Environmental Impact Assessment Model: Assess the impact of transmission line construction on water bodies, including surface water and groundwater.

[0212] Socioeconomic impact assessment model: Study the socioeconomic impact of transmission line construction on local communities, including employment opportunities, land use changes, etc.

[0213] Landscape and visual impact assessment model: Evaluate the impact of transmission line construction on natural landscape and visual effects.

[0214] Risk assessment model: Analyze various risks that may arise during the construction of transmission lines, including natural disasters, construction accidents, etc., and formulate corresponding risk management and mitigation measures.

[0215] The specific methods for each task are suggested in the following table:

[0216] Table 1 Environmental impact assessment related models and methods:

[0217]

[0218]

[0219] Path optimization selection: In the process of optimizing environmental and water conservation measures, path optimization selection needs to comprehensively consider environmental impact, cost and engineering feasibility, and select the optimal path by minimizing the weighted sum of environmental impact, cost and feasibility. The path optimization selection model and method are as follows:

[0220] OP = argmin P∈Paths (α×EI(P)+β×C(P)+γ×F(P));

[0221] Among them: OP is the optimal path; Paths is the set of all possible paths; EI(P) is the environmental impact of path P, which can be the area of ​​ecologically sensitive areas, biodiversity loss, soil erosion, etc.; C(P) is the cost of path P, including construction cost, maintenance cost, demolition cost, etc.; F(P) is the feasibility of path P, which can be engineering difficulty, construction conditions, technical requirements, etc.; α, β, γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between environmental impact, cost and feasibility. The determination of weight coefficients needs to be adjusted according to specific projects and environmental conditions to ensure that path selection meets the goal of optimizing environmental and water conservation measures.

[0222] Foundation type selection: In the optimization of environmental and water conservation measures, choosing the most suitable foundation type is a multi-factor decision-making problem, which requires comprehensive consideration of factors such as environmental impact, cost, geological conditions, and construction difficulty. The foundation type selection model and method are as follows:

[0223]

[0224] Among them: B * is the optimal basic type; B represents the set of basic types, including B1, B2, …, B n etc.; m is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index, reflecting the importance of this index in decision making; E i (B) Evaluation value of basic type B under the i-th evaluation index.

[0225] Evaluation index E i (B) Includes the following indicators:

[0226] Environmental impact E1(B)——Consider the impact of the foundation type on the ecological environment, such as soil disturbance, vegetation destruction, soil erosion, etc.

[0227] Cost E2(B) - includes economic factors such as material cost, construction cost, maintenance cost, etc.

[0228] Geological adaptability E3 (B) - Select the most suitable foundation type according to the geological conditions, such as rock anchor foundation is suitable for hard rock, and micropile foundation is suitable for soft soil.

[0229] Construction difficulty E4 (B) - Consider factors such as construction technical difficulty, construction period, and construction risks.

[0230] Long-term stability E5(B) - Consider the long-term stability and durability of the foundation type, especially under the influence of extreme climate and geological activities.

[0231] Environmental restoration capacity E6(B) - Consider the difficulty and cost of environmental restoration after construction.

[0232] Each of the above evaluation indicators can be quantified according to specific projects and environmental conditions. i It can be determined through expert scoring, analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and other methods to ensure the scientificity and rationality of the decision-making process.

[0233] Construction machinery optimization: In the scenario of optimizing the selection of construction machinery, factors such as the performance, cost, environmental impact, geological and terrain adaptability of the machinery need to be considered. The construction machinery optimization selection model and method are as follows:

[0234]

[0235] Where: M * is the optimal construction machinery; M represents the set of construction machinery, including M1, M2, …, M n etc. Different types of machinery; k is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index, reflecting the importance of this index in decision making; E i (M, G, T) is the impact assessment value of construction machinery M under geological conditions G and terrain conditions T under the i-th evaluation index.

[0236] Evaluation index E i (M,G,T) includes the following indicators:

[0237] Environmental impact E1 (M, G, T) – Quantify the impact of construction machinery on the environment, such as carbon emissions, noise levels, soil disturbance, etc.

[0238] Cost E2 (M, G, T) - includes the purchase cost, operating cost, maintenance cost, etc. of the machinery.

[0239] Efficiency E3 (M, G, T) - considers the construction speed, productivity and quality of the completed tasks of the machinery.

[0240] Geological adaptability E4 (M, G, T) - Evaluate the performance and applicability of machinery under different geological conditions.

[0241] Terrain adaptability E5 (M, G, T) - Evaluates the performance and suitability of machinery in different terrain conditions.

[0242] Safety E6 (M, G, T) - Consider the safety and accident risks of mechanical operation.

[0243] Sustainability E7 (M,G,T) – Assess the long-term environmental impact and resource consumption of machinery.

[0244] The above method can be used to comprehensively evaluate different construction machinery and select the construction machinery with the least environmental impact and the highest cost-effectiveness under specific geological and topographic conditions. This method helps to optimize environmental and water conservation measures, reduce the negative impact of construction on the environment, and improve construction efficiency and safety.

[0245] Temporary road construction: When optimizing the temporary road design, we need to consider the width, length, material selection and environmental impact of the temporary road. The decision model and method are as follows:

[0246]

[0247] Where: E temp represents the total environmental impact of temporary road construction; W represents the width of the road; L represents the length of the road; M env Indicates the proportion of environmentally friendly materials used; M total Indicates the total material usage; C env It represents the long-term impact of temporary roads on the environment, including the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration; α, β, and γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between road size, material selection, and environmental impact.

[0248] The above methods are helpful to evaluate and optimize the environmental impact of temporary road construction in the early stage of construction, thereby achieving more environmentally friendly construction management.

[0249] Environmental monitoring: When establishing an environmental monitoring system and monitoring the ecological and environmental impacts during construction in real time, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of the monitoring system and adjust the construction plan based on the monitoring results. The specific model and method are as follows:

[0250]

[0251] Where: E monitor represents the comprehensive effect of the environmental monitoring system; n is the total number of monitoring indicators; w iis the weight of the i-th monitoring indicator, reflecting the importance of this indicator in decision-making; i is the influence of the ith monitoring indicator, indicating the sensitivity and importance of the indicator to the environment; F i is the frequency of the i-th monitoring indicator, indicating the frequency with which the indicator is monitored; R i is the responsiveness of the ith monitoring indicator, indicating the effectiveness of the mitigation measures taken according to the monitoring results.

[0252] Monitoring indicators I i It includes the following:

[0253] Air quality I1 - monitor the concentration of PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx and other pollutants in the construction area.

[0254] Water quality I2——Monitor the COD, BOD, SS, pH and other indicators in the water bodies in the construction area.

[0255] Soil quality I3 - monitor indicators such as heavy metals and organic pollutants in the soil of the construction area.

[0256] Noise I4 – Monitor noise levels in construction areas.

[0257] Ecological impact I5 - Monitor indicators such as biodiversity and habitat destruction in the construction area.

[0258] Soil Erosion I6 - Monitor the amount of soil erosion in the construction area.

[0259] Socio-economic Impacts I7 – Monitor the socio-economic impacts of construction activities on local communities.

[0260] The above method can be used to comprehensively evaluate different environmental monitoring schemes and select the most effective monitoring scheme under specific conditions. This method helps to optimize environmental and water conservation measures, reduce the negative impact of construction on the environment, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of environmental monitoring.

[0261] Topsoil stripping and restoration: In scenarios where the topsoil is stripped and properly preserved before construction and then restored after construction, it is necessary to evaluate the impact of this process on soil structure and vegetation recovery. The specific model and method are as follows:

[0262]

[0263] Where: E soil V represents the total environmental impact of topsoil stripping and restoration; strip V represents the volume of topsoil stripped; total represents the total soil volume; V rec Indicates the volume of topsoil recovery; D soilIndicates the degree of soil disturbance, which can be quantified as soil compaction, soil structure damage, etc.; C veg It indicates the difficulty and cost of vegetation restoration; α, β, γ, and δ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between topsoil stripping ratio, topsoil recovery efficiency, soil disturbance degree, and vegetation restoration.

[0264] The above method can comprehensively consider the proportion of topsoil stripping, the efficiency of topsoil recovery, the degree of soil disturbance, and the difficulty and cost of vegetation restoration to evaluate the environmental impact of topsoil stripping and recovery.

[0265] Soil and water conservation measures: In the scenario of implementing soil and water conservation measures, it is necessary to evaluate the effect of these measures on reducing soil erosion and protecting soil resources, such as building intercepting ditches, slag retaining walls, and using colored strips to cover, etc., to reduce soil erosion and protect soil resources. The specific model and method are as follows:

[0266]

[0267] Among them: Z is the comprehensive benefit function, which represents the comprehensive effect of multiple goals; p is the total number of goals; w i is the weight of the i-th goal, reflecting the importance of the goal in decision making; u i (x) is the utility function of the i-th objective, which maps the input variable x to a utility value, indicating the degree of achievement of the objective; x represents the set of decision variables for soil and water conservation measures, including but not limited to the design parameters of the intercepting ditch, the structure of the slag retaining wall, the area covered by the colored striped cloth, etc.

[0268] Objective function u i (x) Include:

[0269] Minimization of environmental impact u1(x) - quantifying the impact of soil and water conservation measures on the environment, such as the reduction in soil erosion, the degree of improvement in water quality, etc.

[0270] Minimize cost u i (x) - includes implementation cost and maintenance cost of soil and water conservation measures.

[0271] Maximize construction efficiency i (x)——Consider the construction speed and difficulty of soil and water conservation measures.

[0272] Maximize the ecological restoration effect i (x) - Evaluate the contribution of soil and water conservation measures to ecological restoration, such as increased vegetation coverage and biodiversity.

[0273] Maximizing social benefits i (x) - Consider the positive impacts of soil and water conservation measures on local communities, such as increased agricultural production and reduced risk of flooding.

[0274] The above methods help to find a balance between multiple objectives and achieve the optimal selection of soil and water conservation measures to maximize environmental, economic and social benefits.

[0275] Water resource protection: When implementing water resource protection measures in water source protection areas, choosing appropriate measures requires comprehensive consideration of multiple factors such as environmental impact, cost-effectiveness, technical feasibility, and social impact. In order to evaluate and select the most appropriate water resource protection measures, the specific models and methods are as follows:

[0276]

[0277] Where: W * is the optimal water resource protection measure; W represents the set of water resource protection measures, including W1, W2, …, W n etc.; q is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index, reflecting the importance of this index in decision making; E i (W) is the performance evaluation value of measure W under the i-th evaluation index.

[0278] Evaluation index E i (W) include:

[0279] Environmental Impact E1(W) - Quantify the impact of the measure on water quality, aquatic ecosystems and water conservation areas.

[0280] Cost-effectiveness E2(W) – assesses the implementation costs of a measure versus the expected environmental benefits.

[0281] Technical feasibility E3(W) - Considers the technical requirements of the measure and the feasibility of implementation on site.

[0282] Social Impact E4(W) – Assess the impact of the measure on local communities and stakeholders.

[0283] Regulatory Compliance E5(W) – Ensure that measures comply with relevant environmental protection regulations and standards.

[0284] Long-term sustainability E6(W) – Assess the long-term effects of measures and their contribution to water conservation.

[0285] The above methods help to systematically evaluate and select the most appropriate water resource protection measures, ensuring that the measures implemented in water source protection areas can effectively prevent water pollution, while taking into account multiple economic, social and environmental factors.

[0286] Vegetation restoration and land improvement: For land improvement and vegetation restoration after construction, especially the application scenario of planting native plants to restore the ecological functions of the construction area and improve biodiversity, it is necessary to select appropriate environmental and water conservation measures and predict the effect of ecological restoration. The specific models and methods are as follows:

[0287]

[0288] Among them: QER score represents the total score of quantified ecological restoration; r is the number of positive impact indicators; s is the number of negative impact indicators; w i and w j ' is the weight of the i-th positive impact indicator and the j-th negative impact indicator; Q i is the quantitative value of the ith positive impact indicator; C j is the quantitative value of the jth negative impact indicator.

[0289] Positive Impact Index Q i include:

[0290] Vegetation coverage change Q1: Among them, V fi is the final vegetation coverage, V in is the initial vegetation coverage, V max is the maximum possible vegetation cover.

[0291] Biodiversity index changes Q2: Where t is the total number of species, p i is the relative abundance of the ith species (i.e., the number of individuals of the ith species divided by the total number of individuals). This index measures the uniformity of species distribution.

[0292] Soil quality improvement Q3: The soil quality index is an indicator for comprehensively evaluating soil quality and can include the weighted average of multiple soil characteristics. t is the actual soil mass, B t Ideal soil quality.

[0293] Negative Impact Indicator C j Including: soil erosion risk C1: C1=R×K×L×S×C×P; among them, R is the rainfall erosion factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, L is the slope length factor, S is the slope factor, C is the vegetation cover factor, and P is the protection measure factor.

[0294] Soil contamination level C2: Among them, P k is the content of the kth pollutant, P k,max is the maximum allowable content of the pollutant.

[0295] Environmental damage cost C3: Among them, S i is the loss of the i-th non-market resource, P i is the shadow price of the ith resource.

[0296] The above methods help to systematically evaluate and select the most appropriate vegetation restoration and land consolidation measures, ensuring that ecological, economic and social benefits are achieved during implementation. Through scientific methods and quantitative indicators, the model provides a powerful tool for achieving sustainable ecological restoration.

[0297] The technical features of the above embodiments may be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, not all possible combinations of the technical features in the above embodiments are described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, they should be considered to be within the scope of this specification.

Claims

1. A method for managing environmental protection and water conservation systems for mechanized construction of power transmission lines, characterized in that: The method comprises: Planning phase of transmission line project: Conduct a comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the construction area to identify and avoid ecologically sensitive areas. The assessment includes air pollution, noise, electromagnetic environment, ecosystem, water environment, socio-economics, landscape and visual aspects, and risk aspects; Optimize the construction path according to environmental impact, construction cost and feasibility, and give priority to the path with the least damage to the environment; Select the foundation type based on environmental impact, cost, geological adaptability, construction difficulty, long-term stability and environmental resilience factors; Mechanized construction stage: Select target construction machinery based on environmental impact, cost, efficiency, geological adaptability, terrain adaptability, safety and sustainability factors; Optimize temporary road design, limit road width and length, and use environmentally friendly materials to reduce environmental impact; After construction is completed: Establish a real-time environmental monitoring system during the construction process to dynamically monitor the quality of air, water and soil; strip the topsoil before construction and cover it after construction to restore soil structure and vegetation; Implement soil and water conservation measures, including building ditches, slag retaining walls, and using covering materials to protect soil resources; Implement water resource protection measures in water source protection areas, restrict construction activities, use environmentally friendly materials, and after construction, carry out vegetation restoration and land improvement in the construction area, and plant native plants to restore ecological functions.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The comprehensive environmental impact assessment of the construction area is quantified through the following mathematical model: Particle Diffusion Model: Where C(x,y,z) is the pollutant concentration, Q is the emission rate of the emission source, u is the diffusion parameter, and y and z are the horizontal and vertical distances from the source; Noise attenuation model: L = L0-20log 10 (r)-A; Where L is the noise level at the receiving point, L0 is the noise level at the sound source, r is the distance from the sound source to the receiving point, and A is the attenuation; Electromagnetic environment impact model: Where E is the electric field strength, U is the voltage, k is a constant, and d is the distance; Ecological Impact Assessment Model: Among them, E t is the total ecological impact, E i is the impact degree of the i-th ecological factor, which can be species extinction risk, habitat destruction, etc., S i is the sensitivity of the ith ecological element, R i is the effectiveness of mitigation measures; Surface Water Quality Model: C t =C0exp(-kL); Among them, C t is the pollutant concentration at a point downstream, C0 is the pollutant concentration at the source, k is the attenuation coefficient, and L is the distance from the source; Employment impact model: T = I × M; Among them, T is the employment impact, I is the investment amount, and M is the number of jobs created per unit of investment; Comprehensive evaluation of landscape visual resources: VI = S d ×w1+S a ×w2+S n ×w3+S t ×w4; Among them, VI is the comprehensive landscape visual index, S d , S a , S n , S t They are relative distance sensitivity, relative slope sensitivity, conspicuity and video sensitivity, w1 to w4 are the corresponding weights; Risk matrix analysis method: R = L × S Among them, R is the risk value, L is the possibility of an accident, and S is the severity of the accident consequences.

3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The following formula is used to optimize the construction path based on environmental impact, construction cost and feasibility: OP = arg min P∈Paths (α×EI(P)+β×C(P)+γ×F(P)); Among them, OP is the optimal path; Paths is the set of all possible paths; EI(P) is the environmental impact of path P; C(P) is the cost of path P; F(P) is the feasibility of path P; α, β, γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between environmental impact, cost and feasibility.

4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selection of basic types is as follows: The basic type selection model and method are as follows: Among them: B * is the optimal basic type; B represents the set of basic types, including B1, B2, …, B n Different types; m is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; E i (B) Evaluation value of basic type B under the i-th evaluation index; Evaluation index E i (B) Includes the following indicators: Environmental impact E1(B)——Consider the impact of the basic model on the ecological environment; Cost E2 (B) - includes economic factors such as material cost, construction cost, and maintenance cost; Geological adaptability E3 (B) - Select the most suitable foundation type according to geological conditions; Construction difficulty E4 (B) - Consider construction technical difficulty, construction period, and construction risk factors; Long-term stability E5(B)——Consider the long-term stability and durability of the basic type; Environmental restoration capacity E6(B) - Consider the difficulty and cost of environmental restoration after construction; Weight w i Determined through expert scoring or hierarchical analysis method to ensure the scientificity and rationality of the decision-making process.

5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Construction machinery optimization includes: Where: M * is the optimal construction machinery; M represents the set of construction machinery, including M1, M2, …, M n Different types of machinery; k is the total number of evaluation indicators; w i is the weight of the i-th evaluation index; E i (M, G, T) is the impact assessment value of construction machinery M under geological conditions G and terrain conditions T under the i-th evaluation index; Evaluation index E i (M,G,T) includes the following indicators: Environmental impact E1 (M, G, T) - quantify the impact of construction machinery on the environment; Cost E2 (M, G, T) - includes the purchase cost, operation cost and maintenance cost of the machinery; Efficiency E3 (M, G, T) - considers the construction speed, productivity and quality of the completed tasks of the machinery; Geological adaptability E4 (M, G, T) - evaluates the performance and applicability of machinery under different geological conditions; Terrain adaptability E5 (M, G, T) - evaluates the performance and applicability of machinery under different terrain conditions; Safety E6 (M, G, T) - Consider the safety and accident risks of mechanical operation; Sustainability E7 (M,G,T) – Assess the long-term environmental impact and resource consumption of machinery.

6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The optimization of temporary road design and limitation of road width and length include: Optimizing road width and length to reduce land disturbance; using environmentally friendly materials, including mud-bound macadam road surfaces; The decision is made based on the following formula: Where: E temp represents the total environmental impact of temporary road construction; W represents the width of the road; L represents the length of the road; M env Indicates the proportion of environmentally friendly materials used; M total Indicates the total material usage; C env It represents the long-term impact of temporary roads on the environment, including the difficulty and cost of ecological restoration; α, β, and γ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between road size, material selection, and environmental impact.

7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that The real-time environmental monitoring system established during the construction process includes dynamic monitoring of the following parameters: PM2.5, PM10, SOx, NOx concentrations in the air, COD, BOD, SS and pH values ​​in water bodies, heavy metal and organic pollutant concentrations in the soil, as well as noise and soil erosion.

8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The above-mentioned topsoil stripping is performed before construction, and the topsoil is covered after construction. The restoration of soil structure and vegetation is evaluated by the following formula: Among them, E soil V represents the total environmental impact of topsoil stripping and restoration; strip V represents the volume of topsoil stripped; total represents the total soil volume; V rec Indicates the volume of topsoil recovery; D soil Indicates the degree of soil disturbance; C veg It indicates the difficulty and cost of vegetation restoration; α, β, γ, and δ are weight coefficients used to balance the relationship between topsoil stripping ratio, topsoil recovery efficiency, soil disturbance degree, and vegetation restoration.

9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that: Soil and water conservation measures include building ditches and slag retaining walls, and using tarpaulin or other materials to protect the soil and reduce soil erosion.

10. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that After the construction is completed, the construction area will be revegetated and the land will be renovated, and native plants will be planted to restore ecological functions, including: Planting native plants that are suitable for local ecological conditions; The vegetation restoration effect was evaluated according to the following formula: Among them, QER score represents the total score of quantified ecological restoration; r is the number of positive impact indicators; s is the number of negative impact indicators; w i and w j ' is the weight of the i-th positive impact indicator and the j-th negative impact indicator; Q i is the quantitative value of the ith positive impact indicator; C j is the quantitative value of the jth negative impact indicator; Positive Impact Index Q i include: Vegetation coverage change Q1: Among them, V fi is the final vegetation coverage, V in is the initial vegetation coverage, V max is the maximum possible vegetation cover; Biodiversity index changes Q2: Where t is the total number of species, p i is the relative abundance of the ith species; Soil quality improvement Q3: A t is the actual soil mass, B t For ideal soil quality; Negative Impact Indicator C j include: Soil erosion risk C1: C1 = R × K × L × S × C × P; where R is the rainfall erosion factor, K is the soil erodibility factor, L is the slope length factor, S is the slope factor, C is the vegetation cover factor, and P is the protection measure factor; Soil contamination level C2: Among them, P k is the content of the kth pollutant, P k,max is the maximum permissible content of the pollutant; Environmental damage cost C3: Among them, S i is the loss of the i-th non-market resource, P i is the shadow price of the ith resource.

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