Immersion cooling battery pack with porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution

Abstract

The invention discloses an immersion cooling battery pack with a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution, which comprises a plurality of square batteries and immersion cooling flow channels arranged around the square batteries, and the immersion cooling flow channels comprise a first-stage inflow / outflow flow channel, a second-stage inflow / outflow flow channel and a third-stage flow channel, the second-stage inflow / outflow flow channel is a branch flow channel of the first-stage inflow / outflow flow channel, the third-stage flow channel is connected with the second-stage inflow flow channel and the second-stage outflow flow channel, a heat conduction perforated plate is arranged in the second-stage inflow flow channel and provided with a plurality of through hole columns, and the through hole columns are arranged at intervals in the flowing direction of the immersion cooling liquid; the immersion cooling liquid of the secondary flow-in flow channel flows into the tertiary flow channel after passing through the through hole, the tertiary flow channel is positioned between the adjacent square batteries, the plurality of square batteries form a battery pack, the secondary flow-in flow channel and the secondary flow-out flow channel are positioned on two opposite sides of the battery pack, and the plurality of battery packs form a battery pack. The temperature uniformity of the battery pack can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to an immersion cooling battery pack, belonging to the technical field of battery pack temperature control. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of new energy vehicles, the requirements for battery cooling effect are gradually increasing. Because the battery is one of the most important parts of new energy vehicles, the temperature uniformity of the battery greatly affects the service life of new energy vehicles and is also one of the important factors affecting vehicle safety. In new energy vehicles, the cooling methods of the battery include air cooling, indirect liquid cooling, phase change cooling, direct liquid cooling, etc. Air cooling has a simple structure and low cost but low heat exchange efficiency; indirect liquid cooling has good heat exchange effect but complex structure; phase change cooling can effectively control the battery temperature, but the cooling effect drops sharply after the phase change and the overall mass is large; immersion cooling has an extremely high convection heat transfer coefficient and good cooling effect, but there is a problem that the immersion liquid temperature at the immersion liquid inlet is low and the cooling effect is good, and the immersion liquid temperature at the immersion liquid outlet is high and the cooling effect is poor, which leads to the problem of uneven temperature distribution of the battery pack. Summary of the invention

[0003] In view of the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the task of the present invention is to provide an immersion-cooled battery pack with a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution to solve the problem of uneven temperature distribution of the battery pack.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: an immersion cooling battery pack with a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution, comprising a plurality of square batteries and an immersion cooling channel arranged around the square batteries, wherein the immersion cooling channel comprises a primary inflow channel, a primary outflow channel, a secondary inflow channel, a secondary outflow channel and a tertiary channel, wherein the secondary inflow channel is a branch channel of the primary inflow channel and is arranged along the short side of the square battery, the secondary outflow channel is a branch channel of the primary outflow channel and is arranged along the short side of the square battery, and the tertiary channel is connected to the secondary inflow channel and the secondary outflow channel. The secondary inlet channel is provided with a heat-conducting porous plate, and a plurality of through holes arranged in columns are opened on the heat-conducting porous plate. The through holes of each through hole column are arranged along the height direction of the square battery, and the through hole columns are arranged at intervals in the flow direction of the immersion coolant. The immersion coolant flowing from the primary inlet channel into the secondary inlet channel passes through the through holes and then flows into the tertiary channel. The tertiary channel is located between adjacent square batteries. A plurality of the square batteries constitute a battery pack. The secondary inlet channel and the secondary outflow channel are located on opposite sides of the battery pack.

[0005] Furthermore, two adjacent groups of battery packs share one secondary inlet channel, and two thermally conductive porous plates are provided in the secondary inlet channel. The immersion coolant flowing from the primary inlet channel into the secondary inlet channel passes through one of the thermally conductive porous plates and then flows into the tertiary channel.

[0006] Furthermore, a plurality of the tertiary flow channels are provided between two adjacent square batteries, and the plurality of the tertiary flow channels are arranged at intervals in the height direction of the square batteries.

[0007] Furthermore, a plurality of heat-conducting fins are provided between two adjacent square batteries, the heat-conducting fins are located laterally of the tertiary flow channel, and opposite sides of the heat-conducting fins are in contact with the two adjacent square batteries.

[0008] The addition of heat-conducting fins can improve the temperature difference of the battery along the flow direction of the immersion fluid of the tertiary flow channel.

[0009] Furthermore, the number of through holes in the through hole row gradually increases along the flow direction of the immersion cooling liquid.

[0010] The flow rate of the immersion coolant in the tertiary flow channel at the far end of the secondary inflow flow channel is increased by changing the number of through holes, thereby improving the temperature uniformity.

[0011] Furthermore, the through hole columns are arranged in intervals according to the positions of the square batteries, and the position of the through hole column farthest from the primary inflow channel is opposite to the short side position of the square battery farthest from the primary inflow channel.

[0012] Furthermore, the number of the through hole columns is 4 to 10, the number of through holes in each of the through hole columns is 6 to 10, the diameter of the through holes is 1 to 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the thermally conductive porous plate is 1 to 2.5 mm.

[0013] Furthermore, two tertiary flow channels are provided between two adjacent square batteries, and the height of the tertiary flow channels is 9-11 mm and the width is 5-7 mm.

[0014] Furthermore, the heights of the primary inflow channel, the primary outflow channel, the secondary inflow channel and the secondary outflow channel are the same as the square battery, the width of the primary inflow channel is 14 to 18 mm, and the width of the primary outflow channel is 10 to 14 mm.

[0015] By controlling the width of the primary inflow channel and the primary outflow channel, the consistency of the immersion liquid flow rate of each battery pack is ensured.

[0016] Furthermore, a battery unit is formed by connecting the square batteries in a plurality of battery packs in series by a tertiary bus, a plurality of the battery units are connected in parallel by a secondary bus, a plurality of secondary buses are connected to a primary bus, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the tertiary bus and the secondary bus in the battery height direction is not less than 70 mm 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the primary busbar in the battery height direction is not less than 100mm 2 .

[0017] By adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​each level of bus, it is possible to avoid excessive ohmic heat caused by excessive bus current, which in turn affects the battery temperature.

[0018] The advantages of the present invention compared with the prior art are:

[0019] The present invention adds a thermally conductive porous plate to the secondary inflow channel. On the one hand, the heat of the high-temperature immersion coolant at the end of the secondary inflow channel can be transferred to the front end of the secondary inflow channel through the thermally conductive porous plate to increase the temperature of the immersion coolant at the front end of the secondary inflow channel, thereby increasing the temperature of the battery at the inlet of the immersion liquid, solving the problem in the traditional structure that the battery temperature at the inlet of the immersion liquid is low and the battery temperature at the outlet is high due to the low temperature of the immersion coolant at the inlet and the high temperature of the immersion coolant at the outlet. On the other hand, changes in the number of columns, rows, size, position, etc. of the through holes in the thermally conductive porous plate can adjust the flow distribution of the immersion liquid between the batteries, thereby improving the temperature uniformity between the batteries in the battery module.

[0020] The present invention further promotes heat exchange in the flow direction of the battery immersion liquid by adding fins between the batteries, increases the temperature of the battery at the immersion liquid inlet of the tertiary flow channel, and reduces the temperature of the battery at the immersion liquid outlet of the tertiary flow channel. And by controlling the cross section of the bus, the influence of the bus current and high heat generation on the battery is avoided. Finally, by adjusting the width of the primary inflow channel and the primary outflow channel, the consistency of the flow of each battery pack is ensured, thereby improving the overall temperature uniformity of the battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the structure of an immersion-cooled battery pack with a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 This is a graph showing the relationship between primary bus thickness and battery temperature uniformity.

[0023] Figure 3 This is a graph showing the relationship between the thickness of the secondary bus and tertiary bus and the uniformity of battery temperature.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the immersion cooling channel of the immersion cooling battery pack with a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution.

[0025] Figure 5 yes Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the immersion coolant flow direction of the immersion cooling channel is shown.

[0026] Figure 6 This is a graph showing the relationship between the width of the primary inflow channel and the uniformity of battery temperature.

[0027] Figure 7 This is a graph showing the relationship between the width of the primary outflow channel and the uniformity of battery temperature.

[0028] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack with a Z-shaped flow channel arrangement having 12 square batteries.

[0029] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack with a Z-shaped flow channel arrangement having 24 square batteries.

[0030] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack with a Z-shaped flow channel arrangement having 36 square batteries.

[0031] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack with a Z-shaped flow channel arrangement having 48 square batteries.

[0032] Fig.12 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a battery pack in which three-stage flow channels and heat-conducting fins are arranged at intervals.

[0033] Fig.13 yes Fig.12 Schematic diagram of the local structure.

[0034] Fig.14 This is a graph showing the relationship between the number of tertiary flow channels and battery temperature uniformity.

[0035] Fig.15 This is the relationship diagram between the three-level flow channel height and the battery temperature uniformity.

[0036] Fig.16 This is the relationship diagram between the thickness of the three-level flow channel and the uniformity of battery temperature.

[0037] Fig.17 It is the relationship diagram between the height of the tertiary flow channel and the pressure difference at both ends of the tertiary flow channel.

[0038] Fig.18 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of two battery packs arranged in a Ran type flow channel.

[0039] Fig.19 This is a graph showing the relationship between different flow channel arrangements and battery temperature uniformity.

[0040] Fig. 20 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermally conductive porous plate.

[0041] Fig.21 This is a graph showing the relationship between the through-hole diameter of the thermally conductive porous plate and the battery temperature uniformity.

[0042] Fig. 22 This is the relationship between the thickness of the thermally conductive porous plate and the uniformity of battery temperature.

[0043] Fig.23 This is a graph showing the relationship between the number of through-hole columns in the thermally conductive porous plate and the temperature uniformity of the battery.

[0044] Fig.24 It is a relationship diagram between the number of through-hole rows of the thermally conductive porous plate (the number of through-holes in each through-hole column) and the battery temperature uniformity.

[0045] Fig.25 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of a thermally conductive porous plate in which rows of through holes are arranged in accordance with the positions of square batteries.

[0046] Fig.26 This is a diagram showing the relationship between the thermally conductive porous plate structure and the battery temperature uniformity.

[0047] Fig. 27 It is a structural diagram of a thermally conductive porous plate with different numbers of through holes in the through hole columns.

[0048] Fig.28 It is a graph showing the relationship between whether the number of through holes in each through hole column of the thermally conductive porous plate is equal and the uniformity of battery temperature.

[0049] Fig.29 It is a schematic diagram of a series structure with 12 square batteries. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the embodiments, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0051] Please combine Figure 1 As shown, the immersion cooling battery pack with a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of square batteries 1 and immersion cooling channels arranged around the square batteries. The square batteries 1 are placed in a battery case (not shown in the figure), and the immersion cooling channels are formed by the gaps between the structures of the battery case itself or by the gaps between the structures of the battery case and the sides of the square batteries.

[0052] The square battery 1 of the entire battery pack is divided into two left and right battery modules. The two battery modules are arranged symmetrically. Each battery module includes multiple battery groups arranged side by side. Each battery group generally includes 12 to 48 square batteries 1.

[0053] The positive and negative electrodes of the square batteries 1 in each battery pack are connected in series through a tertiary bus 2. One battery pack forms a battery unit, or a plurality of battery packs arranged side by side are further connected in series through a tertiary bus 2 to form a battery unit.

[0054] The battery cells in a battery module are connected in parallel via the secondary busbar 3. Finally, the two groups of battery modules are connected in parallel via the primary busbar 4.

[0055] The maximum temperature of the battery pack is defined as the maximum temperature of each square battery in the battery pack, T max， The maximum temperature difference of the battery pack is defined as: the highest temperature of all batteries in the battery pack minus the lowest temperature of all batteries. Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 and Figure 3 The maximum temperature value T of the battery pack is shown when the thickness of the primary bus, secondary bus and tertiary bus is different. max , and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack ΔT max .in, Figure 2 The data is based on Figure 1 The battery pack model shown is obtained, Figure 3 The data is based on Fig.29 The battery pack model shown is obtained. Because all batteries are connected in series in the battery unit, the number of batteries in the battery unit has no effect on the current in the tertiary bus, and therefore has no effect on the choice of the thickness of the tertiary return bus. In addition, since the currents in the second and third level buses are the same, the thicknesses of the secondary and tertiary return buses are consistent. The cross-sectional area and thickness of each level of the bus will affect the resistance of the bus, and thus affect the ohmic heat generated by the bus and the temperature of the square battery. The cross-sectional area of ​​the first level bus in the battery height direction is preferably greater than 100mm. 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the secondary busbar and the tertiary busbar in the battery height direction is preferably not less than 70 mm 2 According to the general bus width design of 35mm, the thickness of the primary bus is preferably not less than 3mm, and the thickness of the secondary bus and the tertiary bus is preferably not less than 2mm.

[0056] like Figure 4 , Figure 5As shown, the immersion cooling channel of this embodiment includes a primary inlet channel 5, a primary outlet channel 6, a secondary inlet channel 7, a secondary outlet channel 8 and a tertiary channel 9. Among them, one primary inlet channel 5 is provided, which is located in the middle of the two battery modules. Two primary outflow channels 6 are provided, which are respectively located on the other side of the two battery modules opposite to the primary inlet channel 5. Neither the primary inlet channel 5 nor the primary outflow channel 6 is in direct contact with the square battery 1, that is, the primary inlet channel 5 and the primary outflow channel 6 are constructed by the gap between the structures of the battery box itself. In order to ensure that each square battery 1 is sufficiently immersed in coolant for cooling. Figure 6 and Figure 7 Based on Figure 4 The maximum temperature T of the battery pack when the primary inflow channel 5 and the primary outflow channel 6 of the structure shown have different widths max , and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack ΔT max In this embodiment, the height of the primary inflow channel 5 is consistent with the height of the square battery 1, which is 91 mm, and the width is preferably between 14 and 18 mm. The height of the primary outflow channel 6 is consistent with the height of the square battery 1, which is 91 mm, and the width is preferably between 10 and 14 mm.

[0057] Please combine Figures 8 to 11 As shown, each battery pack is provided with a secondary inlet flow channel 7, a secondary outlet flow channel 8 and a tertiary flow channel 9. The secondary inlet flow channel 7 is arranged along the short side of the square battery 1 and is located on the first side of the battery pack. The secondary inlet flow channel 7 is vertically connected to the primary inlet flow channel 5 to form a tributary flow channel of the primary inlet flow channel 5. The secondary outflow flow channel 8 is also arranged along the short side of the square battery 1, but is located on the second side of the battery pack. The first side and the second side of the battery pack are opposite sides. The secondary outflow flow channel 8 is vertically connected to the primary outflow flow channel 6 to form a tributary flow channel of the primary outflow flow channel 6. The flow directions of the immersed coolant in the secondary inflow flow channel 7 and the secondary outflow flow channel 8 are parallel to each other and in the same direction. The secondary inflow flow channel 7 and the secondary outflow flow channel 8 are formed by the gap between the structure of the battery box and the side of the square battery 1, and both have at least one side in contact with the square battery 1. The height of the secondary inlet flow channel 7 and the secondary outlet flow channel 8 is also consistent with the height of the square battery 1, which is 91 mm. The width of the secondary inlet flow channel 7 and the secondary outlet flow channel 8 is more appropriately 8 to 12 mm.

[0058] like Fig.12 , Fig.13As shown, the tertiary flow channel 9 is located between two adjacent square batteries 1 and arranged along the long sides of the square batteries 1. The two ends of the tertiary flow channel 9 are connected to the secondary inlet flow channel 7 and the secondary outlet flow channel 8 respectively. It should also be noted that the tertiary flow channel 9 is also provided on the outward long side of the square batteries 1 located on both sides of the battery pack. In this way, the square battery 1 is surrounded by the secondary inlet flow channel 7, the secondary outlet flow channel 8 and the tertiary flow channel 9 for heat dissipation. The width of the tertiary flow channel 9 is determined by the gap between the long sides of the square battery 1, and the width D is 5 to 7 mm. As a preferred embodiment, in two adjacent square batteries 1, the number of tertiary flow channels 9 is more than one, and the height of the tertiary flow channel 9 is less than the height of the square battery 1. In this embodiment, the tertiary flow channels 9 are set as two in the two square batteries 1, and are arranged at intervals in the height direction. The height H of the tertiary flow channel 9 is 9 to 11 mm. Although reducing the height of the tertiary flow channel 9 is conducive to temperature uniformity, it also increases the pressure drop. Therefore, it is more appropriate to be in the range of 9 to 11 mm. In addition, heat-conducting fins 11 are provided on the upper and lower sides of the tertiary flow channel 9. The heat-conducting fins 11 and the tertiary flow channel 9 are spaced apart from each other in the height direction of the square battery 1. The overall height of the heat-conducting fins 11 and the tertiary flow channel 9 is the same as the height of the square battery 1. The thickness of the heat-conducting fins 11 is the same as the gap between the square batteries 1, that is, the same as the width of the tertiary flow channel 9. The opposite sides of the heat-conducting fins 11 are in contact with two adjacent square batteries 1. By adding the heat-conducting fins 11, the temperature uniformity between adjacent square batteries 1 is further improved. Based on Fig.11 The number, height, thickness and maximum temperature T of the battery pack are obtained by changing the parameters of the tertiary flow channel 9 according to the structure of max , and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack ΔT max The relationship is as Fig.14 , Fig.15 , Fig.16 As shown, the relationship between the height of the tertiary flow channel 9 and the pressure difference at both ends of the tertiary flow channel is as follows: Fig.17 shown.

[0059] When a battery pack is composed of 12 square batteries 1, the short sides of the 12 square batteries 1 are aligned in a row, such as Figure 8 When a battery pack is composed of 24 square batteries 1, the short sides of 12 square batteries 1 are aligned and arranged in rows, and then arranged side by side to form two rows, and each tertiary flow channel 9 passes through two rows of square batteries 1, as shown in FIG. Fig. 9 As shown; when a battery pack is composed of 36 square batteries 1, the short sides of 12 square batteries 1 are aligned and arranged in rows, and then arranged side by side to form three rows, and each tertiary flow channel 9 passes through three rows of square batteries 1, as shown in FIG. Fig.10 As shown; when a battery pack is composed of 48 square batteries 1, the short sides of 12 square batteries 1 are aligned and arranged in rows, and then arranged side by side to form four rows, and each tertiary flow channel 9 passes through four rows of square batteries 1, as shown in FIG. Fig.11As shown, these arrangements are in a Z-type.

[0060] Generally speaking, each battery pack is provided with a secondary inflow channel 7 and a secondary outflow channel 8, such as Fig.18 As shown, in this embodiment, two adjacent battery groups can share a secondary inflow channel 7, and the two battery groups are distributed on both sides of the secondary inflow channel 7. This arrangement is a Ran type. Fig.19 Shows the maximum temperature T of the battery pack with different arrangements max , and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack ΔT max The Z type is a battery pack including 48 square batteries 1, such as Fig.12 The structure shown is a battery pack with two 24 square batteries 1, namely Fig.18 The structure shown.

[0061] Please combine Fig. 20 As shown, in order to adjust the temperature uniformity of the square battery 1 at different positions along the flow of the immersed coolant, a thermally conductive porous plate 10 is also provided in the secondary inflow channel 7. The thermally conductive porous plate 10 is arranged parallel to the side of the square battery 1 and is made of a material with a high thermal conductivity coefficient, such as a copper plate. Fig.21 and Fig. 22 (based on Figure 8 The basic structure shown is obtained, Fig.21 The number of holes in the plate is 10, the hole diameter is 2 mm, and the thickness of the thermally conductive porous plate 10 is 1 mm; Fig. 22 The number of rows of holes is 10, the hole diameter is 2 mm, and the thickness of the thermally conductive porous plate 10 is 1 mm), the thickness of the thermally conductive porous plate 10 is 1 to 2.5 mm, and the thermally conductive porous plate 10 is provided with a plurality of through holes 10a arranged in columns, the hole diameter of the through holes 10a is 1 to 1.5 mm, and the through holes 10a of each through hole 10a column are arranged along the height direction of the square battery 1, and the through hole 10a columns are arranged at intervals in the flow direction of the immersion coolant. The existence of the thermally conductive porous plate 10 requires the immersion coolant flowing from the primary inflow channel 5 into the secondary inflow channel 7 to pass through the through holes 10a of the thermally conductive porous plate 10 before flowing into the tertiary channel 9. The heat conduction of the thermally conductive porous plate 10 allows the heat at the end of the secondary inflow channel 7 to be transferred to the front end of the secondary inflow channel 7, thereby reducing the temperature difference between the two. In an embodiment where two adjacent battery packs can share a secondary inlet channel 7, the corresponding secondary inlet channel 7 is provided with two parallel heat-conducting porous plates 10, and the immersion coolant flowing from the primary inlet channel 5 into the secondary inlet channel 7 flows to both sides through a heat-conducting porous plate 10 and then flows into the tertiary channel 9.

[0062] As a preferred embodiment, please combine Fig.23 and Fig.24 As shown (based on Figure 8 The basic structure shown is obtained, Fig.23 The number of hole rows is 10, the number of hole columns is 6, and the thickness of the thermal conductive porous plate 10 is 1 mm; Fig.24 The number of hole rows is 10, the number of hole columns is 6, and the hole diameter is 1 mm). In this embodiment, the number of through hole 10a columns on each thermal conductive porous plate 10 is 4 to 10, and the number of through holes 10a in each through hole 10a column is 6 to 10. Fig.25 As shown, the through hole 10 a columns are arranged one by one according to the position of the square battery 1 , and the position of the through hole 10 a column farthest from the primary inlet channel 5 is opposite to the short side position of the square battery 1 farthest from the primary inlet channel 5 . Fig. 20 and Fig.25 The thermal conductive porous plate structure and the maximum temperature T of the square battery shown max , and the maximum temperature difference ΔT of the square battery max The relationship is as Fig.26 As shown. Therefore, for a battery pack composed of 12 square batteries 1 in a row, the number of through hole 10a columns is preferably 6. In addition, in order to further uniformly adjust the temperature of the square battery 1 by the flow of the immersion coolant, the number of through holes 10a in the through hole 10a column gradually increases along the flow direction of the immersion coolant in the secondary inlet channel 7. Fig. 27 and Fig.28 , Fig.28 Shown Fig.25 as well as Fig. 27 The thermal conductive porous plate structure and the maximum temperature value T of the square battery shown max , and the maximum temperature difference ΔT of each square battery max In this embodiment, the number of through holes 10a in each through hole 10a column is set to 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10 along the flow direction of the immersion coolant in the secondary inlet channel 7 to obtain the best temperature difference control effect.

Claims

1. An immersion cooled battery pack having a porous plate with non-uniform pore distribution, characterized in that: The invention comprises a plurality of square batteries and an immersion cooling channel arranged around the square batteries, wherein the immersion cooling channel comprises a primary inflow channel, a primary outflow channel, a secondary inflow channel, a secondary outflow channel and a tertiary channel, wherein the secondary inflow channel is a branch channel of the primary inflow channel and is arranged along the short side of the square battery, the secondary outflow channel is a branch channel of the primary outflow channel and is arranged along the short side of the square battery, the tertiary channel is connected to the secondary inflow channel and the secondary outflow channel and is arranged along the long side of the square battery, and the secondary outflow channel is connected to the secondary inflow channel and the secondary outflow channel and is arranged along the long side of the square battery. A heat-conducting porous plate is provided in the primary inlet flow channel, and a plurality of through holes arranged in columns are opened on the heat-conducting porous plate. The through holes of each through hole column are arranged along the height direction of the square battery, and the through hole columns are arranged at intervals in the flow direction of the immersion coolant. The immersion coolant flowing from the primary inlet flow channel into the secondary inlet flow channel passes through the through holes and then flows into the tertiary flow channel. The tertiary flow channel is located between adjacent square batteries. A plurality of the square batteries constitute a battery pack, and the secondary inlet flow channel and the secondary outflow flow channel are located on opposite sides of the battery pack.

2. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: Two adjacent battery packs share one secondary inlet channel, and two thermally conductive porous plates are arranged in the secondary inlet channel. The immersion coolant flowing from the primary inlet channel into the secondary inlet channel passes through one of the thermally conductive porous plates and then flows into the tertiary channel.

3. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of the three-level flow channels are provided between two adjacent square batteries, and the plurality of the three-level flow channels are arranged at intervals in the height direction of the square batteries.

4. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of heat-conducting fins are arranged between two adjacent square batteries. The heat-conducting fins are located on the side of the tertiary flow channel, and opposite sides of the heat-conducting fins are in contact with the two adjacent square batteries.

5. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The number of through holes in the through hole row gradually increases along the flow direction of the immersion cooling liquid.

6. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 5, characterized in that: The through hole rows are arranged in an alternating pattern according to the positions of the square batteries, and the position of the through hole row farthest from the primary inflow channel is opposite to the short side position of the square battery farthest from the primary inflow channel.

7. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that: The number of the through hole rows is 4 to 10, the number of through holes in each through hole row is 6 to 10, the aperture of the through holes is 1 to 1.5 mm, and the thickness of the thermally conductive porous plate is 1 to 2.5 mm.

8. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are two tertiary flow channels between two adjacent square batteries, and the height of the tertiary flow channels is 9-11 mm and the width is 5-7 mm.

9. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heights of the primary inflow channel, the primary outflow channel, the secondary inflow channel and the secondary outflow channel are the same as the square battery, the width of the primary inflow channel is 14 to 18 mm, and the width of the primary outflow channel is 10 to 14 mm.

10. The immersion cooled battery pack with a porous plate having a non-uniform pore distribution according to claim 1, characterized in that: A battery unit is formed by connecting a plurality of square batteries in a battery pack in series through a tertiary bus, and a plurality of said battery units are connected in parallel through a secondary bus, and a plurality of secondary buses are connected to a primary bus, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the tertiary bus and the secondary bus in the battery height direction is not less than 70 mm 2 The cross-sectional area of ​​the primary busbar in the battery height direction is not less than 100mm 2 .

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