Antenna, radar and vehicle

Abstract

The invention provides an antenna, a radar and a vehicle, relates to the technical field of antennas, and aims to solve the problem of how to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The antenna comprises a slot antenna and a metasurface structure, the metasurface structure is located on the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna and is opposite to a radiation slot of the slot antenna, the slot antenna can excite the metasurface structure to generate resonance, and the resonance center frequency of the metasurface structure is located in the working frequency band of the slot antenna.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of antenna technology, and in particular to an antenna, a radar and a vehicle. Background Art

[0002] At present, antennas are increasingly used in scenarios such as radars, routers, and base stations. The radiation efficiency determines the performance of the antenna. The higher the radiation efficiency, the better the performance of the antenna. However, in the existing technology, the radiation efficiency of some antennas cannot meet the performance requirements. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of this application is to provide an antenna, a radar and a vehicle, aiming to solve the problem of how to improve the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0004] In the first aspect, an antenna is provided, which includes a slot antenna and a metasurface structure. The metasurface structure is located on the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna and is opposite to the radiation slot of the slot antenna. The slot antenna can excite the metasurface structure to produce resonance, and the resonant center frequency of the metasurface structure is within the operating frequency band of the slot antenna.

[0005] In this way, after the RF circuit feeds the RF electrical signal within the working frequency band, the slot antenna converts the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it through the radiation slot. At the same time, the slot antenna also excites the super-surface structure to produce resonance, and the resonant center frequency of the super-surface structure is located within the working frequency band of the slot antenna. Therefore, part of the signal energy can be radiated with the help of the super-surface structure, and the radiation signal energy of the antenna is the superposition of the radiation signal energy of the slot antenna and the radiation signal energy of the super-surface structure. And / or, when the electromagnetic wave signal in the working frequency band is transmitted to the antenna, in addition to receiving the signal energy with the help of the slot antenna, the antenna also receives part of the signal energy with the help of the super-surface structure, so that the intensity of the received electrical signal is also the superposition of the received signal energy of the slot antenna and the received signal energy of the super-surface structure. In this way, the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be improved, the gain can be improved, and the performance of the antenna can be improved. After the antenna is applied to the radar, the detection capability of the radar can be improved.

[0006] Optionally, the metasurface structure includes a first metasurface array, the first metasurface array includes a plurality of metasurface units arranged in an array, the metasurface units include metal sheets, the metal sheets of the plurality of metasurface units form a metal sheet group, and the metal sheet group is opposite to the radiation gap.

[0007] Optionally, the length of the metal sheet group along the first direction and / or the second direction is within the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal of the slot antenna transmitted by the metal sheet group; the first direction is consistent with the length direction of the radiation slot, the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction, and the second direction is parallel to the plane in which the metal sheet group is located.

[0008] Optionally, the outer contour of the metal sheet group is square, and two adjacent sides of the outer contour are parallel to the first direction and the second direction respectively; the length of the metal sheet group along the first direction and the length along the second direction are both within the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal of the slot antenna transmitted by the metal sheet group.

[0009] Optionally, along a direction perpendicular to the metal sheet group, the center of the metal sheet group is opposite to the center of the radiation gap.

[0010] Optionally, the multiple supersurface units include a first supersurface unit and a second supersurface unit arranged at intervals along a first direction, and a third supersurface unit and a fourth supersurface unit arranged along the first direction; the first supersurface unit and the third supersurface unit are arranged at intervals along the second direction, and the second supersurface unit and the fourth supersurface unit are also arranged at intervals along the second direction.

[0011] Optionally, the gap between the metal sheet of the first super surface unit and the metal sheet of the third super surface unit is the first gap, and the gap between the metal sheet of the second super surface unit and the metal sheet of the fourth super surface unit is the second gap; along the direction perpendicular to the metal sheet group, the first gap and the second gap are opposite to the radiation gap.

[0012] Optionally, the metasurface unit further includes a metal protrusion, which is located between the metal sheet and the slot antenna and is electrically connected to both the metal sheet and the slot antenna.

[0013] Optionally, the metasurface structure also includes a second metasurface array and a third metasurface array, which are respectively located on opposite sides of the first metasurface array, and the arrangement direction of the second metasurface array and the third metasurface array is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiation slot.

[0014] Optionally, the number of radiation slots is multiple, the number of first metasurface arrays is also multiple, and the number of multiple first metasurface arrays is equal to the number of multiple radiation slots and corresponds one to one.

[0015] Optionally, the metasurface structure also includes a lower metal sheet, which is arranged between the metal sheet group and the slot antenna, and an avoidance gap is provided at the position of the lower metal sheet corresponding to the radiation slot; the metal protrusion is arranged between the metal sheet group and the lower metal sheet, and the metal protrusion is electrically connected to the metal sheet group and the lower metal sheet, and the lower metal sheet is electrically connected to the slot antenna.

[0016] Optionally, the metasurface structure also includes a dielectric substrate, which is located on the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna, and the largest surface of the dielectric substrate is opposite to the radiation slot of the slot antenna, the metal sheet group is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate facing away from the slot antenna, the lower metal sheet is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate facing the slot antenna, and the metal protrusion is embedded in the dielectric substrate.

[0017] Optionally, the metal sheet group and the lower metal sheet are both metal layers formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate, and the metal protrusion is a metallized via hole embedded in the dielectric substrate.

[0018] Optionally, the slot antenna includes a first metal plate and a second metal plate relative to each other and a plurality of metal pillars arranged between the first metal plate and the second metal plate; the first metal plate, the second metal plate and the plurality of metal pillars form a gap waveguide having at least one waveguide cavity; the first metal plate is located between the metasurface structure and the second metal plate, and the radiation slot is arranged in the first metal plate and is connected to the waveguide cavity of the gap waveguide.

[0019] Optionally, a plurality of metal columns are disposed on the first metal plate and spaced apart from the second metal plate; or a plurality of metal columns are disposed on the second metal plate and spaced apart from the first metal plate.

[0020] Optionally, the multiple metal pillars form multiple groups of first metal pillars and a group of second metal pillars; the multiple groups of first metal pillars are arranged in sequence along the second direction, and a group of second metal pillars are cross-arranged with the multiple groups of first metal pillars; two adjacent groups of first metal pillars and a group of second metal pillars along the second direction form a waveguide cavity.

[0021] Optionally, each group of first metal pillars includes at least one row of first metal pillars arranged along the second direction, and each row of first metal pillars includes a plurality of first metal pillars arranged along the first direction.

[0022] Optionally, a group of second metal pillars includes at least one row of second metal pillars arranged along the first direction, and each row of second metal pillars includes a plurality of second metal pillars arranged along the second direction.

[0023] Optionally, there are multiple radiation slots connected to each waveguide cavity, and the multiple radiation slots are arranged at intervals along the first direction, and along the second direction, the multiple radiation slots are alternately arranged on opposite sides of the central axis of the waveguide cavity.

[0024] In a second aspect, the present application also provides a radar, comprising an antenna as described in any of the above technical solutions.

[0025] In a third aspect, the present application also provides a vehicle, comprising an antenna as described in any of the above technical solutions, or a radar as described in the above technical solutions.

[0026] Since the vehicle and radar provided in the present application include the antenna described in any of the above technical solutions, the same problem can be solved and the same effect can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of an antenna provided in some embodiments of the present application; Figure 2 for Figure 1 a top view of the antenna shown; Figure 3 for Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the antenna shown; Figure 4 for Figure 1-Figure 3 A perspective view of the metasurface structure in the antenna shown; Figure 5 for Figure 4 A top view of the metasurface structure shown; Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the relative positions of the metasurface structure and the radiation gap shown; Figure 7 A schematic diagram of the relative positions of the metasurface structure and the radiation gap provided in some other embodiments of the present application; Figure 8 for Figure 3 A schematic structural diagram of a portion of the first metal plate, a portion of the second metal plate and a portion of the metal column of the slot antenna in the antenna shown; Fig. 9 for Figure 8 a top view of a portion of the structure shown; Fig.10 for Figure 8 The structure shown is a three-dimensional view after the first metal plate is provided with a radiation slot; Fig.11 for Figure 8 A top view of a portion of the structure shown after the first metal plate is provided with a radiation slot; Fig.12 for Figure 8 A top view of a portion of the structure shown after the first metal plate is provided with a radiation slot; Fig.13 for Figure 3 A curve diagram showing the gain of the antenna structure after the metasurface structure is removed as a function of frequency; Fig.14 for Figure 3 A curve diagram showing a change in gain of an antenna provided with a metasurface structure as a function of frequency; Fig.15 for Figure 3A curve diagram showing the variation of the isolation of the antenna structure with the frequency after the metasurface structure is removed; Fig.16 for Figure 3 The graph showing the variation of the isolation of the antenna provided with the metasurface structure with the frequency.

[0029] Reference numerals: 10. Antenna; 1. slot antenna; 11. radiation slot; 12. first metal plate; 13. second metal plate; 14. metal column; 14a. first metal column; 14b. second metal column; 15. waveguide cavity; 2. Metasurface structure; 21. First metasurface array; 211. Metasurface unit; 211a. Metal sheet; 211b. Metal protrusion; 24. Dielectric substrate; 25. Lower metal sheet; 00. Metal sheet group; 22. Second metasurface array; 23. Third metasurface array. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first", "second", "third", and "fourth" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features.

[0031] In the embodiments of the present application, the terms "include", "comprises" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device including a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of further restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0032] The present application provides a radar that can be used as a detector in a vehicle to detect surrounding obstacles, such as obstacles on the road, pedestrians and other vehicles, during the process of starting, driving, reversing and parking the vehicle, thereby helping the driver to better understand the vehicle's surrounding environment and improve driving safety. Of course, radar can also be used in other fields, such as weather detection, navigation and other fields.

[0033] In some embodiments, the radar may include a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. The transmitting antenna is used to convert the electrical signal fed into the radio frequency circuit into an electromagnetic wave signal to achieve signal transmission. The receiving antenna is used to convert the electromagnetic wave signal into an electrical signal to achieve signal reception. When the radar is used in a specific application, the transmitting antenna transmits a signal. The emitted signal is reflected by an obstacle and then received by the receiving antenna. By comparing and analyzing the transmitted signal and the received signal, information about the surrounding obstacles can be obtained, thereby achieving obstacle detection. In some embodiments, the antenna may be a millimeter wave antenna. Of course, in other embodiments, the antenna may also be an antenna of other bands.

[0034] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 , Figure 1 A three-dimensional diagram of an antenna 10 provided in some embodiments of the present application, Figure 2 for Figure 1 A top view of the antenna 10 is shown, Figure 3 for Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the antenna 10 is shown. The antenna 10 can be used as a transmitting antenna of a radar, or as a receiving antenna of a radar, or a part of it can be used as a transmitting antenna of a radar, and another part of it can be used as a receiving antenna of a radar. Of course, in other embodiments, the antenna 10 can also be applied to other scenarios besides vehicle radar, and this application does not make specific limitations on this.

[0035] The antenna 10 includes a slot antenna 1 and a metasurface structure 2. The slot antenna 1 is used to connect to a radio frequency circuit to transmit and / or receive radio frequency signals. The slot antenna 1 has a radiation slot 11, and the radio frequency signal is specifically transmitted and / or received via the radiation slot 11. The metasurface structure 2 is located on the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna 1 and is opposite to the radiation slot 11. The slot antenna 1 can excite the metasurface structure 2 to resonate, and the resonant center frequency of the metasurface structure 2 is within the working frequency band of the slot antenna 1.

[0036] In this way, after the RF circuit feeds the RF electrical signal within the working frequency band, the slot antenna 1 converts the electrical signal into an electromagnetic wave signal and transmits it through the radiation slot 11. At the same time, the slot antenna 1 also excites the super surface structure 2 to produce resonance, and the resonant center frequency of the super surface structure 2 is located within the working frequency band of the slot antenna 1. Therefore, part of the signal energy can be radiated with the help of the super surface structure 2, and the radiation signal energy of the antenna 10 is the superposition of the radiation signal energy of the slot antenna 1 and the radiation signal energy of the super surface structure 2. And / or, when the electromagnetic wave signal in the working frequency band is transmitted to the antenna 10, in addition to receiving the signal energy with the help of the slot antenna 1, the antenna 10 also receives part of the signal energy with the help of the super surface structure 2, so that the intensity of the received electrical signal is also the superposition of the received signal energy of the slot antenna 1 and the received signal energy of the super surface structure 2. In this way, the radiation efficiency of the antenna 10 can be improved, the gain can be improved, and the performance of the antenna can be improved. After the antenna 10 is applied to the radar, the detection capability of the radar can be improved.

[0037] The super surface structure 2 can have various shapes.

[0038] In some embodiments, see Figure 4-Figure 6 , Figure 4 for Figure 1-Figure 3 A three-dimensional view of the metasurface structure 2 in the antenna 10 is shown, Figure 5 for Figure 4 The top view of the super surface structure 2 is shown. Figure 6 for Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the relative position of the super surface structure 2 and the radiation gap 11 shown. The super surface structure 2 includes a first super surface array 21. The first super surface array 21 includes a plurality of super surface units 211 arranged in an array. The super surface unit 211 includes a metal sheet 211a. The shape of the metal sheet 211a includes but is not limited to a square, a circle, a triangle, a fan, a polygon, etc., and the present application is exemplified by the shape of the metal sheet 211a as a square. The metal sheets 211a of the plurality of super surface units 211 in the first super surface array 21 form a metal sheet group 00, which is opposite to the radiation gap 11.

[0039] In this way, the slot antenna 1 feeds the metal sheet group 00 to radiate part of the signal energy with the help of the metal sheet group 00, thereby improving the radiation efficiency of the antenna. At the same time, since the metal sheet group 00 is composed of multiple metal sheets 211a, the energy of the slot antenna 1 can be radiated from the gaps between the multiple metal sheets 211a in the metal sheet group 00, thereby avoiding affecting the transmission or reception of the slot antenna 1. Of course, in other embodiments, the first metasurface array 21 may also include only one metasurface unit.

[0040] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5The length of the metal sheet group 00 along the first direction Y and / or the second direction X is within the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal of the slot antenna 1 transmitted by the metal sheet group 00 .

[0041] The first direction Y is consistent with the length direction of the radiation slot 11 , the second direction X is perpendicular to the first direction Y, and the second direction X is parallel to the plane where the metal sheet group is located.

[0042] The wavelength of the minimum frequency signal of the working frequency band of the slot antenna 1 transmitted in the metal sheet group 00 is the first wavelength, the wavelength of the maximum frequency signal of the working frequency band transmitted in the metal sheet group 00 is the second wavelength, and the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal transmitted in the metal sheet group 00 refers to the range from the second wavelength to the first wavelength.

[0043] It should be noted that the wavelength of different frequency signals transmitted in the metal sheet group 00 is related to the environment of the metal sheet group 00. Taking environmental factors into consideration, when the metal sheet group 00 is carried on the following dielectric substrate 24, the wavelength of the signal within the working frequency band of the slot antenna 1 transmitted in the metal sheet group 00 is equal to the wavelength of the signal within the working frequency band transmitted in the dielectric substrate 24 and the metal sheet group 00.

[0044] In this way, the slot antenna 1 can excite the metasurface structure 2 to generate resonance, and the resonance center frequency of the metasurface structure 2 is within the operating frequency band of the slot antenna 1 .

[0045] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 5 The outer contour of the metal sheet group 00 is square, and the adjacent two sides of the outer contour are parallel to the first direction Y and the second direction X, respectively. That is, one of the two adjacent sides of the outer contour is parallel to the first direction Y, and the other is parallel to the second direction X. The length of the metal sheet group 00 along the first direction Y and the length along the second direction X are both within the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal of the slot antenna 1 transmitted by the metal sheet group 00.

[0046] In this way, the slot antenna 1 can excite the metasurface structure 2 to resonate, and the resonant center frequency of the metasurface structure 2 is within the working frequency band of the slot antenna 1. At the same time, the metal sheet group 00 occupies a small area, which is conducive to the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0047] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 , along the direction perpendicular to the metal sheet group 00 (that is, the third direction Z), the center of the metal sheet group 00 is opposite to the center of the radiation slot 11. In this way, the uniformity of the distribution of the feeding current on the metal sheet group 00 is better, and the radiation signal of the metal sheet group 00 can be fully utilized, further improving the radiation efficiency and gain.

[0048] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6, the multiple supersurface units include a first supersurface unit a and a second supersurface unit b arranged at intervals along a first direction Y, and a third supersurface unit c and a fourth supersurface unit d arranged along the first direction Y. The first supersurface unit a and the third supersurface unit c are arranged at intervals along a second direction X, and the second supersurface unit b and the fourth supersurface unit d are also arranged at intervals along the second direction X. In this way, the multiple supersurface units are distributed in a square array, which has a simple structure and is easy to manufacture, and the proportion of the metal part and the gap part in the metal sheet group 00 is moderate, which can improve the radiation efficiency and gain.

[0049] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 6 , the gap between the metal sheet of the first metasurface unit a and the metal sheet of the third metasurface unit c is the first gap f1, and the gap between the metal sheet of the second metasurface unit b and the metal sheet of the fourth metasurface unit d is the second gap f2. Along the direction Z, the first gap f1 and the second gap f2 are both opposite to the radiation gap 11. In this way, by exposing the radiation gap 11 with the help of the first gap f1 and the second gap f2, the radiation efficiency of the slot antenna 1 can be guaranteed, and the radiation efficiency and gain of the entire antenna can be improved.

[0050] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 3-Figure 5 The metasurface unit 211 further includes a metal protrusion 211 b , which is located between the metal sheet 211 a and the slot antenna 1 , and is electrically connected to both the metal sheet 211 a and the slot antenna 1 .

[0051] In this way, the metasurface unit 211 is mushroom-shaped or umbrella-shaped. Capacitive coupling is formed between the slot antenna 1 and the metal sheet 211a, and at the same time, inductive coupling is formed between the metal protrusion 211b and the metal sheet 211a, thereby forming an LC coupling feeding structure, which can improve the isolation of the antenna 10 and reduce the mutual coupling rate between two adjacent antennas 10, thereby reducing the volume of the antenna and the distance between two adjacent antennas, which is convenient for miniaturization and integration and easy to process.

[0052] In some embodiments, see Figure 7 , Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the relative position of the metasurface structure 2 and the radiation slot 11 provided in some embodiments of the present application. The metasurface structure 2 also includes a second metasurface array 22 and a third metasurface array 23. The second metasurface array 22 and the third metasurface array 23 are respectively located on opposite sides of the first metasurface array 21, and the arrangement direction of the second metasurface array 22 and the third metasurface array 23 is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiation slot 11. In this way, with the help of the second metasurface array 22 and the third metasurface array 23, the radiation efficiency of the antenna can be further improved.

[0053] Optionally, the structure of the second metasurface array 22 and the structure of the third metasurface array 23 may be the same as the structure of the first metasurface array 21 described above, and will not be described in detail herein.

[0054] In some embodiments, see Figure 3-Figure 7 The number of the radiation slots 11 of the slot antenna 1 is multiple, and the number of the first metasurface arrays 21 is also multiple. The number of the multiple first metasurface arrays 21 is equal to the number of the multiple radiation slots and corresponds one to one. In this way, the multiple radiation slots 11 and the first metasurface arrays 21 can form a multiple-transmit multiple-receive (MIMO) antenna, which can improve the gain of the antenna.

[0055] In some embodiments, please refer back to Figure 4 , the metasurface structure 2 also includes a lower metal sheet 25. The lower metal sheet 25 is arranged between the metal sheet group 00 and the slot antenna 1, and an avoidance gap is arranged at the position of the lower metal sheet 25 corresponding to the radiation gap 11. The shape and size of the avoidance gap can be consistent with the shape and size of the radiation gap 11, and of course they can also be inconsistent. The metal protrusion 211b is arranged between the metal sheet group 00 and the lower metal sheet 25, and the metal protrusion 211b is electrically connected to the metal sheet group 00 and the lower metal sheet 25, and the lower metal sheet 25 is electrically connected to the slot antenna 1. In this way, the metasurface structure 2 can be electrically connected to the slot antenna 1 with the help of the lower metal sheet 25. Compared with the metal protrusion 211b, the area of ​​the lower metal sheet 25 is larger, which can improve the stability of the electrical connection between the metal protrusion 211b and the slot antenna 1.

[0056] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4 , the metasurface structure 2 also includes a dielectric substrate 24. The dielectric substrate 24 includes but is not limited to a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) and a LTCC (Low Temperature Co-Fired Ceramic) substrate. The dielectric substrate 24 is located on the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna 1, and the largest surface of the dielectric substrate 24 is opposite to the radiation slot 11 of the slot antenna 1. The metal sheet group 00 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate 24 facing away from the slot antenna 1, the lower metal sheet 25 is arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate 24 facing the slot antenna 1, and the metal protrusion is embedded in the dielectric substrate. In this way, using the dielectric substrate 24 as a carrier of the metasurface array is conducive to simplifying the difficulty of assembly.

[0057] In some embodiments, please refer to Figure 4The metal sheet group 00 and the lower metal sheet 25 are both metal layers formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 24, and the metal protrusion 211b is a metallized via embedded in the dielectric substrate 24. In this way, the processing technology of the printed circuit board (PCB) can be used to form the metasurface structure 2, which can simplify the processing difficulty of the metasurface structure and help ensure the processing accuracy.

[0058] The slot antenna may be a dielectric integrated slot antenna, a metal rectangular waveguide slot antenna, or a gap waveguide slot antenna.

[0059] In some embodiments, please refer back to Figure 3 The slot antenna 1 includes a first metal plate 12 and a second metal plate 13 opposite to each other and a plurality of metal pillars 14 disposed between the first metal plate 12 and the second metal plate 13. The distance between the first metal plate 12 and the second metal plate 13 can be limited by a position limiter / height limiter to ensure a gap between the plurality of metal pillars 14 and the metal plates. The first metal plate 12, the second metal plate 13 and the plurality of metal pillars 14 form a gap waveguide having at least one waveguide cavity 15.

[0060] The first metal plate 12 is located between the metasurface structure 2 and the second metal plate 13 . The radiation slot 11 is provided in the first metal plate 12 and communicates with the waveguide cavity 15 of the gap waveguide.

[0061] In this way, the slot antenna 1 is a gap waveguide slot antenna. This type of antenna has low requirements on processing accuracy, which is beneficial to reducing processing complexity and improving yield.

[0062] Based on the above embodiments, please refer to Figure 3 and Figure 4 , the metal protrusion 211b of the super surface structure 2 and the lower metal sheet 25 can contact and electrically connect with the first metal plate 12. This structure is simple and easy to operate.

[0063] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , a plurality of metal pillars 14 are provided on the second metal plate 13 and are spaced apart from the first metal plate 12. In some other embodiments, a plurality of metal pillars 14 may also be provided on the first metal plate 12 and are spaced apart from the second metal plate 13. In this way, welding operation between the first metal plate 12 and the second metal plate 13 is not required, and processing accuracy can be reduced.

[0064] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 The plurality of metal pillars 14 form a plurality of groups of first metal pillars 14 a and a group of second metal pillars 14 b .

[0065] A plurality of groups of first metal pillars 14a are arranged in sequence along the second direction X, and a group of second metal pillars 14b is arranged crosswise with the plurality of groups of first metal pillars 14a. Two adjacent groups of first metal pillars 14a and a group of second metal pillars 14b along the second direction X form a waveguide cavity 15. In this way, a plurality of groups of first metal pillars 14a are used to form opposite side walls of at least one waveguide cavity 15, and a group of second metal pillars 14b is used to block one end of the waveguide cavity 15, thereby preventing electromagnetic wave leakage and ensuring radiation efficiency.

[0066] In some embodiments, a feeding port is formed at the end of the waveguide cavity 15 away from a group of second metal pillars 14b, and the RF circuit can feed RF electrical signals into the feeding port to achieve RF signal feeding. Specifically, the feeding port can be directly or indirectly (such as coupling) connected to the RF circuit (including RF IC) through a feeder line, and the feeder line includes but is not limited to a microstrip line, a substrate integrated waveguide (another transmission line / transmission structure based on a dielectric substrate), etc. The feeding part can be arranged on the side of the feeding port of the waveguide cavity 15 to achieve parallel interconnection with the RF circuit, and can also be arranged on the lower side of the second metal plate 13 that encloses the waveguide cavity 15 to achieve vertical interconnection with the RF circuit.

[0067] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , and refer to Figure 8-Figure 11 , Figure 8 for Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of a portion of the first metal plate 12, a portion of the second metal plate 13 and a portion of the metal column 14 of the slot antenna 1 in the antenna 10 shown, Fig. 9 for Figure 8 A top view of a portion of the structure shown, Fig.10 for Figure 8 The structure shown is a three-dimensional view after the first metal plate 12 is provided with a radiation gap. Fig.11 for Figure 8 The structure shown is a top view of a portion of the structure after the radiation slot is set in the first metal plate 12. Each group of first metal pillars 14a includes at least one row of first metal pillars arranged along the second direction X. For example, each group of first metal pillars 14a includes two rows of first metal pillars. Each row of first metal pillars includes a plurality of first metal pillars arranged along the first direction Y. This structure is simple and has a better impedance effect.

[0068] In some embodiments, see Figure 3 , and refer to Figure 8-Figure 11 A group of second metal pillars 14b includes at least one row of second metal pillars arranged along the first direction Y, and each row of second metal pillars includes a plurality of second metal pillars arranged along the second direction X. This structure is simple and has a better impedance effect.

[0069] In some embodiments, please refer to Fig.10 and Fig.11The number of radiation slots 11 connected to each waveguide cavity 15 is multiple, for example, 8, and of course other numbers are possible. The multiple radiation slots 11 are arranged at intervals along the first direction Y, and refer to Fig.12 , along the second direction X, a plurality of radiation slots 11 are alternately arranged on opposite sides of the central axis L1 of the waveguide cavity, that is, the plurality of radiation slots 11 arranged along the second direction X are sequentially located on the left side, right side, left side, right side, ... of the central axis. The axis extending along the first direction Y and passing through the center of the cross section of the waveguide cavity 15 perpendicular to the first direction Y is the first axis, and the central axis of the waveguide cavity refers to the projection line of the first axis on the first metal plate 12. In this way, the radiation slots 11 connected to the same waveguide cavity and the first metal plate 12, the second metal plate 13 and the metal column 14 forming the waveguide cavity 15 form an antenna unit, which can independently transmit and receive radio frequency signals. The structure is simple and convenient for processing.

[0070] In order to verify the performance of the antenna provided by the embodiments of the present application, the gain and isolation of the gap waveguide slot antenna provided with a super surface structure and the gap waveguide slot antenna without a super surface structure are compared. Figure 13-Figure 16 Specifically, Fig.13 for Figure 3 The gain (PeakGain) of the antenna structure after the metasurface structure is removed is plotted against the frequency (Freq); Fig.14 for Figure 3 The gain (PeakGain) of the antenna with a metasurface structure changes with frequency (Freq). Fig.13 and Fig.14 It can be seen that after loading the metasurface structure, the antenna gain can be increased by about 3dB in the frequency band range of 78GHz~81GHz. Fig.15 for Figure 3 A curve showing the variation of the isolation (S(2, 1)) of the antenna structure after the metasurface structure is removed with respect to the frequency (Freq); Fig.16 for Figure 3 The isolation (S(2, 1)) of the antenna with the metasurface structure changes with the frequency (Freq). Fig.15 and Fig.16It can be seen that after loading the metasurface structure, the isolation between antennas can be increased by at least 6dB in the frequency band range of 76GHz~81GHz. It can be seen that the antenna provided in the embodiment of the present application can improve the gain and isolation at the same time after the metasurface structure is set. In some embodiments, the radar may also include a housing and a circuit board, and the circuit board and the antenna are arranged in the housing. The housing plays a dustproof and waterproof protection role. In some embodiments, the housing may include a bottom shell and a protective cover, which facilitates the assembly of the radar. The circuit board is used to integrate the radio frequency circuit and the antenna described in any of the above embodiments, so as to facilitate the miniaturization of the radar.

[0071] The present application also provides a vehicle, which includes the antenna provided by any of the above embodiments or the radar provided by any of the above embodiments. Therefore, the vehicle can solve the same technical problems and achieve the same effects as the antenna provided by any of the above embodiments or the radar provided by any of the above embodiments.

[0072] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0073] The above are only specific implementations of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, which should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna (10), characterized in that: The invention comprises a slot antenna (1) and a metasurface structure (2), wherein the metasurface structure (2) is located at the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna (1) and is opposite to the radiation slot (11) of the slot antenna (1), and the slot antenna (1) can excite the metasurface structure (2) to generate resonance, and the resonance center frequency of the metasurface structure (2) is located within the operating frequency band of the slot antenna (1).

2. The antenna (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The metasurface structure (2) comprises a first metasurface array (21), the first metasurface array (21) comprising a plurality of metasurface units (211) arranged in an array, the metasurface units (211) comprising metal sheets (211a), the metal sheets of the plurality of metasurface units (211) forming a metal sheet group (00), and the metal sheet group (00) being opposite to the radiation slit (11).

3. The antenna (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that The length of the metal sheet group (00) along the first direction (Y) and / or the second direction (X) is within the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal of the slot antenna (1) transmitted by the metal sheet group; The first direction (Y) is consistent with the length direction of the radiation gap (11), the second direction (X) is perpendicular to the first direction (Y), and the second direction (X) is parallel to the plane where the metal sheet group (00) is located.

4. The antenna (10) according to claim 3, characterized in that The outer contour of the metal sheet group (00) is square, and two adjacent sides of the outer contour are respectively parallel to the first direction (Y) and the second direction (X); The length of the metal sheet group (00) along the first direction (Y) and the length along the second direction (X) are both within the wavelength range of the working frequency band signal of the slot antenna (1) transmitted by the metal sheet group.

5. The antenna (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that Along a direction perpendicular to the metal sheet group (00), the center of the metal sheet group (00) is opposite to the center of the radiation gap (11).

6. The antenna (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that The plurality of super-surface units (211) include a first super-surface unit (a), a second super-surface unit (b) arranged at intervals along a first direction (Y), and a third super-surface unit (c), a fourth super-surface unit (d) arranged along the first direction (Y); The first super surface unit (a) and the third super surface unit (c) are arranged at intervals along the second direction (X), and the second super surface unit (b) and the fourth super surface unit (d) are also arranged at intervals along the second direction (X); The first direction (Y) is consistent with the length direction of the radiation gap (11), the second direction (X) is perpendicular to the first direction (Y), and the second direction (X) is parallel to the plane where the metal sheet group (00) is located.

7. The antenna (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that The gap between the metal sheet of the first super surface unit (a) and the metal sheet of the third super surface unit (c) is a first gap (f1), and the gap between the metal sheet of the second super surface unit (b) and the metal sheet of the fourth super surface unit (d) is a second gap (f2); Along a direction perpendicular to the metal sheet group (00), the first gap (f1) and the second gap (f2) are both opposite to the radiation gap (11).

8. The antenna (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that The metasurface unit (211) further comprises a metal protrusion (211b), wherein the metal protrusion (211b) is located between the metal sheet (211a) and the slot antenna (1), and is electrically connected to both the metal sheet (211a) and the slot antenna (1).

9. The antenna (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that The metasurface structure (2) further comprises a second metasurface array (22) and a third metasurface array (23), wherein the second metasurface array (22) and the third metasurface array (23) are respectively located on two opposite sides of the first metasurface array (21), and the arrangement direction of the second metasurface array (22) and the third metasurface array (23) is perpendicular to the length direction of the radiation slot (11).

10. The antenna (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that The number of the radiation slots (11) is multiple, the number of the first metasurface arrays (21) is also multiple, and the number of the multiple first metasurface arrays (21) is equal to the number of the multiple radiation slots (11), and corresponds one to one.

11. The antenna (10) according to claim 8, characterized in that The metasurface structure (2) further comprises a lower metal sheet (25), wherein the lower metal sheet (25) is arranged between the metal sheet group (00) and the slot antenna (1), and an avoidance slot is arranged at a position of the lower metal sheet (25) corresponding to the radiation slot (11); The metal protrusion (211b) is arranged between the metal sheet group (00) and the lower metal sheet (25), and the metal protrusion (211b) is electrically connected to the metal sheet group (00) and the lower metal sheet (25), and the lower metal sheet (25) is electrically connected to the slot antenna (1).

12. The antenna (10) according to claim 11, characterized in that The metasurface structure (2) further comprises a dielectric substrate (24), the dielectric substrate (24) being located on the signal transmitting or receiving side of the slot antenna (1), and the largest surface of the dielectric substrate (24) being opposite to the radiation slot (11) of the slot antenna (1), the metal sheet group (00) being arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate (24) facing away from the slot antenna (1), the lower metal sheet (25) being arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate (24) facing the slot antenna (1), and the metal protrusion (211b) being embedded in the dielectric substrate (24).

13. The antenna (10) according to claim 12, characterized in that The metal sheet group (00) and the lower metal sheet (25) are both metal layers formed on the surface of the dielectric substrate (24), and the metal protrusion (211b) is a metallized via hole embedded in the dielectric substrate (24).

14. The antenna (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that The slot antenna (1) comprises a first metal plate (12) and a second metal plate (13) which are opposite to each other, and a plurality of metal pillars (14) arranged between the first metal plate (12) and the second metal plate (13); the first metal plate (12), the second metal plate (13) and the plurality of metal pillars (14) form a slot waveguide having at least one waveguide cavity (15); The first metal plate (12) is located between the metasurface structure (2) and the second metal plate (13); the radiation slot (11) is provided on the first metal plate (12) and is connected to the waveguide cavity (15) of the gap waveguide.

15. The antenna (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that The plurality of metal columns (14) are arranged on the first metal plate (12) and are spaced apart from the second metal plate (13); or the plurality of metal columns (14) are arranged on the second metal plate (13) and are spaced apart from the first metal plate (12).

16. The antenna (10) according to claim 14, characterized in that The plurality of metal pillars (14) constitute a plurality of groups of first metal pillars (14a) and a group of second metal pillars (14b); The multiple groups of first metal pillars (14a) are arranged in sequence and at intervals along the second direction (X); the group of second metal pillars (14b) is arranged crosswise with the multiple groups of first metal pillars (14a); two adjacent groups of first metal pillars (14a) and the group of second metal pillars (14b) along the second direction (X) enclose the waveguide cavity (15); The first direction (Y) is consistent with the length direction of the radiation gap (11), the second direction (X) is perpendicular to the first direction (Y), and the second direction (X) is parallel to the plane where the metal sheet group (00) is located.

17. The antenna (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that Each group of first metal pillars (14a) comprises at least one row of first metal pillars (14a) arranged along the second direction (X), and each row of first metal pillars (14a) comprises a plurality of first metal pillars (14a) arranged along the first direction (Y).

18. The antenna (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that The group of second metal pillars (14b) comprises at least one row of second metal pillars (14b) arranged along the first direction (Y), and each row of second metal pillars (14b) comprises a plurality of second metal pillars (14b) arranged along the second direction (X).

19. The antenna (10) according to claim 16, characterized in that There are a plurality of radiation slots (11) in communication with each of the waveguide cavities (15), the plurality of radiation slots (11) being arranged at intervals along the first direction (Y), and the plurality of radiation slots (11) being alternately arranged on opposite sides of a central axis of the waveguide cavity (15) along the second direction (X).

20. A radar, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 19.

21. A vehicle, characterized in that: Comprising the antenna (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 19, or the radar according to claim 20.

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