Dual-polarization electric control beam scanning antenna

Abstract

A dual-polarization electrically-controlled wave beam scanning antenna is composed of a horizontal polarization array and a vertical polarization array, the horizontal polarization array has a narrow transverse size and can be arranged close to the vertical polarization array, and it is guaranteed that the antenna radiates horizontal polarization wave beams and vertical polarization wave beams at the same time under a certain size; the radiation structure of the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array is composed of a radiation unit and a bias circuit, the antenna has an electric control wave beam scanning capability, the wave guide structure is a dual-channel structure and is used for exciting the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array, and the feed structures are located at two sides of the wave guide structure and feed electromagnetic waves into the wave guide structure. And the beam control module is connected with the biasing circuit and is used for electrically controlling the working state of the unit. The dual-polarization electric control beam scanning antenna can realize horizontal and vertical polarization beam scanning at the same time, has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, low power consumption, easiness in processing, light weight, easiness in integration and the like, and can be applied to a wireless communication system.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of antennas and relates to a dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna. Background Art

[0002] With its flexible beam control and wide coverage capabilities, beam scanning antennas have shown unique advantages and broad application prospects in the fields of communications, radar, military and environmental monitoring. According to the beam control method, beam scanning antennas can be divided into two types: mechanical and electrically controlled. Among them, electrically controlled beam scanning antennas have been widely used due to their faster scanning speed and wider scanning range. Electrically controlled beam scanning antennas with dual polarization characteristics can effectively increase channel capacity, reduce the impact of multipath fading, and solve the problem of polarization mismatch. Therefore, they are widely used in radar, imaging and wireless communication systems.

[0003] At present, dual-polarized electrically steerable beam scanning antennas in communication systems mainly rely on phased array technology. Since phased arrays integrate a large number of T / R components (transmitter / receiver modules), their manufacturing cost is high, the design is complex, and the system power consumption is high. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims at solving the problems in the prior art and provides a dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna.

[0005] A dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, the antenna consists of a horizontal polarization array and a vertical polarization array, the horizontal polarization array has a narrow lateral dimension and can be arranged closely to the vertical polarization array to ensure that the antenna radiates horizontal polarization beams and vertical polarization beams at the same time under a certain dimension, the radiation structure of the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array consists of a radiation unit and a bias circuit, the antenna has the ability of electrically controlled beam scanning, the waveguide structure is a dual-channel structure for exciting the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array, the feeding structure is located on both sides of the waveguide structure to feed electromagnetic waves into the waveguide structure, and the beam control module is connected to the bias circuit for the working state of the electronic control unit.

[0006] The invention has the advantages of: a dual-polarization beam scanning antenna which can scan dual-polarization beams simultaneously, has a compact structure, high gain, high efficiency and is lightweight.

[0007] Compared with mechanical rotating reflector antennas or array antennas, the dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna of the present invention has the advantages of fast beam response speed and no need for a mechanical servo system. Compared with traditional active phased arrays, the present invention avoids the use of T / R components, thereby greatly reducing the cost of the antenna. The waveguide structure and feeding structure of the present invention have the advantages of low transmission loss, low profile, easy processing, and easy integration, so that the antenna has the advantages of high gain, high efficiency, low profile, and light weight. The radiation beam of the present invention has wide-angle, high-gain, and electrically controlled two-dimensional scanning characteristics. The radiation units are densely arranged, and the beam has good continuity. The present invention uses a beam control module to provide the antenna with a beam control coding signal to control the bias state of the electronic components, with quick response and high stability. The beam control module is easy to integrate with the antenna system. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0008] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the prior art descriptions. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative work. As shown in the figure:

[0009] Figure 1 A side view of a principle architecture diagram of a dual-polarization electrically-controlled beam scanning antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0010] Figure 2 A front view of a principle architecture diagram of a dual-polarization electrically-controlled beam scanning antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0011] Figure 3 An embodiment of the present invention provides a radiation unit array in a staggered arrangement.

[0012] Figure 4 An embodiment of the present invention provides a radiation unit array in a non-staggered arrangement.

[0013] Figure 5 An embodiment of the present invention provides a vertically polarized array radiation unit for selecting a slot structure, as well as typical shapes that can be selected for the slot structure.

[0014] Figure 6 A vertically polarized array radiation unit is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the unit is composed of a slot and a patch structure excited by the slot, and the patch structure can have a typical shape.

[0015] Figure 7 An optional form of a horizontally polarized array radiation unit is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0016] Figure 8 A horizontally polarized array radiation unit is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the unit is a printed dipole structure, and a typical shape of the printed dipole structure can be selected.

[0017] Fig. 9 A horizontally polarized array coupling structure 1 provided in an embodiment of the present invention is composed of a slot and a microstrip line coupled to the slot, and a typical shape that can be selected for the slot structure.

[0018] Fig.10 A horizontally polarized array coupling structure 2 provided in an embodiment of the present invention is composed of slots and slot-coupled microstrip lines.

[0019] Fig.11 A top view of a first optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0020] Fig.12 A side view of a first optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0021] Fig.13 A top view of a second optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Fig.14 A side view of a second optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating element and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Fig.15 A top view of a third optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Fig.16 A side view of a third optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating element and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Fig.17 A top view of a fourth optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Fig.18 A side view of a fourth optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating element and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Fig.19 A top view of a fifth optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0028] Fig. 20 A side view of a fifth optional form of a vertically polarized array radiating unit and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0029] Fig.21 A top view of a first optional form of a horizontally polarized array coupling structure 1 and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0030] Fig. 22 A side view of a first optional form of a horizontally polarized array coupling structure 1 and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0031] Fig.23 A top view of a second optional form of a horizontally polarized array coupling structure 1 and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0032] Fig.24 A side view of a second optional form of a horizontally polarized array coupling structure 1 and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] Fig.25 A feeding structure of a parallel feeding form is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0034] Fig.26 A feeding structure of a series feeding form is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] Fig. 27 A feeding structure of a reflective surface feeding type provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0036] Fig.28 A feeding structure of a lens feeding form is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0037] Fig.29 A feeding structure of a multi-channel independent signal feeding form is provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0038] Fig.30 The present invention provides a beam scanning result of a specific embodiment of a dual-polarization electrically-controlled beam scanning antenna. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0039] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0040] Embodiment 1: A dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna can realize electrically controlled beam scanning by loading tunable electronic components such as PIN diodes, varactor diodes, MEMS switches, etc. or tunable materials such as liquid crystal, graphene, ferrite, etc. It has the advantages of simple structure, low cost, fast beam response speed and large beam scanning range.

[0041] An embodiment of the present invention provides a dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, which is composed of a horizontal polarization array and a vertical polarization array. The horizontal polarization array has a narrow lateral dimension and can be arranged close to the vertical polarization array, thereby ensuring that the antenna radiates horizontal polarization beams and vertical polarization beams at the same time under a certain size. The radiation structure of the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array is composed of a radiation unit and a bias circuit, so that the antenna has the ability of electrically controlled beam scanning. The waveguide structure is a dual-channel structure for exciting the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array. The feeding structure is located on both sides of the waveguide structure to feed electromagnetic waves into the waveguide structure. The beam control module is connected to the bias circuit for the working state of the electronic control unit.

[0042] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A side view and a front view of a principle architecture diagram of a dual-polarization electrically-controlled beam scanning antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] Figure 1 and Figure 2 A side view and a front view of a principle architecture diagram of a dual-polarization electrically-controlled beam scanning antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] A dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna comprises a horizontal polarization array 1, a vertical polarization array 2, a waveguide structure 3, a feeding structure 4 and a beam control module 5.

[0045] The horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 are composed of any number of one-dimensional arrays alternately distributed along the arrangement direction, and radiate horizontal polarization beams and vertical polarization beams into the free space.

[0046] Each unit in the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 includes a radiating unit and a bias circuit. The bias state of the bias circuit is controlled by the beam control module 5. The bias state of the bias circuit can change the working state of the radiating unit, thereby realizing the electrically controlled beam scanning characteristics of the antenna.

[0047] The waveguide structure 3 is a waveguide structure in a two-dimensional plane form obtained by arranging any number of one-dimensional waveguide structures in parallel. The waveguide structure 3 is a dual-channel transmission structure that transmits electromagnetic waves 6 in the form of traveling waves. The upper channel excites the vertical polarization array 2 through the electromagnetic wave 6, and the lower channel excites the horizontal polarization array 1 through the electromagnetic wave 6.

[0048] Each one-dimensional waveguide corresponds to two rows of one-dimensional horizontal polarization arrays and one row of vertical polarization arrays. The horizontal polarization array 1 has a narrow lateral dimension. The two rows of horizontal polarization arrays 1 are arranged closely to one row of vertical polarization array 2 .

[0049] The starting end and the end of the waveguide structure 3 are each connected to a feeding structure 4. If the residual electromagnetic power at the end is very small, the feeding structure 4 at the end can be removed.

[0050] The beam control module 5 is connected to the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2, and the beam control module 5 controls the bias state of the bias circuit.

[0051] Typical types of waveguide structures 3 that can be selected include rectangular waveguide, ridge waveguide, circular waveguide, parallel plate waveguide, gap waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide, dielectric waveguide, microstrip transmission line, stripline, coplanar waveguide, slotline and other waveguide structure forms.

[0052] The horizontally polarized array 1 and the vertically polarized array 2 can be processed and manufactured by various processes such as PCBPrinted circuit boards, LTCCLow Temperature Co-fired Ceramic, and wafer processing.

[0053] Example 2: Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna provides a radiating element array in a staggered arrangement and a radiating element array in a non-staggered arrangement. Figure 4 shown.

[0054] Each row of horizontal polarization array 1 is provided with a row of radiating elements, and each row of vertical polarization array 2 is provided with two rows of radiating elements, and the radiating elements in each row are staggered. Figure 3 or non-interleaved Figure 4 Arrangement.

[0055] Example 3: Figure 5 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Figure 5 A vertically polarized array radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention is a slot structure, and typical shapes of the slot structure can be selected. The radiation unit of the radiation unit can be a slot structure, and typical shapes of the slot structure can be selected include rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, triangular slots, "H"-shaped slots, "dumbbell"-shaped slots or slots of other shapes and forms, etc. The slot structure directly leaks the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide structure into free space.

[0056] Example 4: Figure 6 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Figure 6A vertically polarized array radiation unit is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit is composed of a slot and a slot-excited patch structure, and a typical shape that can be selected for the patch structure. The patch structure is located above the slot structure, the slot structure couples the electromagnetic energy carried by the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide structure to the patch structure, and the patch structure radiates the electromagnetic energy into free space. Figure 6 Typical shapes that can be selected for the patch structure include rectangular patches, circular patches, elliptical patches, triangular patches, patches with etched gaps, patches with parasitic structures, or patches of other shapes and forms, etc. Typical types that can be selected for the slot structure include rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, "H"-shaped slots, "dumbbell"-shaped slots, or slots of other shapes and forms, etc.

[0057] Example 5: Figure 7 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Figure 7 An optional form of a horizontally polarized array radiation unit provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation structure of the horizontally polarized array is composed of a coupling structure, a microstrip line, a coupling structure and a horizontally polarized radiation array, the coupling structure couples the electromagnetic waves of the waveguide below to the microstrip line, and the coupling structure couples the electromagnetic waves on the microstrip line to the horizontally polarized radiation array.

[0058] Example 6: Figure 8 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Figure 8 A horizontally polarized array radiation unit is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the unit is a printed dipole structure, and typical shapes of the printed dipole structure can be selected, including a printed dipole, a printed dipole with a director, a right-angle bent printed dipole, and an obliquely bent printed dipole.

[0059] Example 7: Fig. 9 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig. 9 A horizontally polarized array coupling structure is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the structure consists of a slot structure and a slot-coupled microstrip line, and typical shapes that can be selected for the slot structure include rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, "H"-shaped slots, "dumbbell"-shaped slots or slots of other shapes and forms.

[0060] Example 8: Fig.10 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.10 A horizontally polarized array coupling structure is provided in an embodiment of the present invention, and the structure consists of a slot structure and a slot-coupled microstrip line, and typical shapes that can be selected for the slot structure include rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, "H"-shaped slots, "dumbbell"-shaped slots or slots of other shapes and forms.

[0061] Example 9: Fig.11 and Fig.12 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.11 and Fig.12 The first optional form of a vertically polarized array radiation unit and bias circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit is a slot structure, and the figure only takes an "H"-shaped slot as an example, and slots of various shapes can actually be selected. An active electronic component is used in the bias circuit, and the bias circuit is located below the slot structure. The pad 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through a via. A bias voltage is introduced to the pad 2.

[0062] Example 10: Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.13 and Fig.14 The second optional form of a vertically polarized array radiation unit and bias circuit structure provided by an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit is a slot structure, and the figure only takes an "H"-shaped slot as an example. In fact, slots of various shapes can be selected. Two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit, and the bias circuit can be above or below the slot structure. Pads 1 and 2 are connected to the slot metal layer through vias 1 and 2 respectively, and there is no via on pad 3. A bias voltage is introduced to pad 3.

[0063] Example 11: Fig.15 and Fig.16 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.15 and Fig.16 A third optional form of a vertically polarized array radiation unit and bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit is composed of a slot and a slot-excited patch structure, the figure only takes an "H"-shaped slot and a rectangular patch as an example, and a variety of slots and patches of different shapes can actually be selected, and an active electronic component is used in the bias circuit, and the bias circuit is located below the slot structure. Pad 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through a via. A bias voltage is introduced to pad 2.

[0064] Example 12: Fig.17 and Fig.18 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.17 and Fig.18 A fourth optional form of a vertically polarized array radiation unit and bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit is composed of a slot and a slot-excited patch structure. The figure only takes an "H"-shaped slot and a rectangular patch as examples, and a variety of slots and patches of different shapes can actually be selected. An active electronic component is used in the bias circuit, and the bias circuit is located above or below the slot structure. The pad is connected to the slot metal layer through a via. A bias voltage is introduced to the patch structure 1.

[0065] Example 13: Fig.19 and Fig. 20 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.19 and Fig. 20 A fifth optional form of a vertically polarized array radiation unit and bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, the radiation unit is composed of a slot and a slot-excited patch structure. The figure only takes an "H"-shaped slot and a rectangular patch as examples, and actually a variety of slots and patches of different shapes can be selected. Two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit, and the bias circuit is located below the slot structure. Pads 1 and 2 are connected to the slot metal layer through vias 1 and 2, and pads 1 and 2 are connected to the slot metal layer through vias 1 and 2, respectively. A bias voltage is introduced to pad 3.

[0066] Example 14: Fig.21 and Fig. 22 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.21 and Fig. 22 The first optional form of a horizontally polarized array coupling structure and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the coupling structure is a slot-coupled microstrip line structure, the bias circuit and the microstrip line are respectively located on both sides of the slot structure, an active electronic component is used in the bias circuit, pad 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through a via, and a bias voltage is introduced to pad 2.

[0067] Example 15: Fig.23 and Fig.24 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.23 and Fig.24 A second optional form of a horizontally polarized array coupling structure 1 and a bias circuit structure provided in an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the coupling structure is a slot-coupled microstrip line structure, the bias circuit and the microstrip line are located on both sides of the slot structure, two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit, pads 1 and 2 are respectively connected to the slot metal layer through vias 1 and 2, there are no vias on pad 3, and a bias voltage is introduced on pad 3.

[0068] like Fig.25 , Fig.26 , Fig. 27 , Fig.28 and Fig.29 As shown, the feeding structure 4 is used to feed electromagnetic energy into the waveguide structure 3. Typical types of the feeding structure 4 include parallel feeding Fig.25 , Series Feed Fig.26 , reflector feed Fig. 27 , lens feed Fig.28 and multiple independent signal feeds Fig.29 And other feeding structure types.

[0069] Example 16: Fig.30 As shown, a dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, Fig.30 The beam scanning result of a specific embodiment of a dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna provided in an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the waveguide structure 3 of the antenna adopts a gap waveguide, and a total of 8 rows of gap waveguides are placed in parallel. Each row of gap waveguides corresponds to two rows of one-dimensional horizontal polarization arrays and one row of vertical polarization arrays. The radiating units of the horizontal polarization array are printed dipoles, and the radiating units of the vertical polarization array are slot structure coupled patch structures. The slot structure is an "H"-shaped slot, and the patch structure adopts a rectangular patch form. The radiating units of the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array are arranged in a staggered manner. The feeding structure 4 adopts a parallel feeding waveguide structure. Fig.30 The beam scanning result given is the normalized radiation pattern, corresponding to the scanning plane with an azimuth angle of 0° and a frequency of 26 GHz. Only five representative beams are given. In practice, more beam directions can be generated through the beam control module.

[0070] In general, the antenna in the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously realize the electronically controlled beam scanning of two polarization beams in the 24-28 GHz frequency band. At the same time, the antenna also has the advantages of low cost and low profile, and is suitable for future millimeter wave wireless communication systems.

[0071] Embodiment 17: A dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna having dual-polarized radiation characteristics. It includes: a horizontally polarized array, a vertically polarized array, a waveguide structure, a feeding structure and a beam control module. The horizontally polarized array is composed of multiple rows of one-dimensional arrays. The structure of each row of the array is very thin and can be embedded in the vertically polarized array without increasing the size of the vertically polarized array, and the overall structure can achieve dual-polarized beam radiation. Each unit in the horizontal and vertical polarized arrays is provided with a bias circuit, and the beam control module is connected to the bias circuit to adjust the working state of the unit. The waveguide structure is a dual-channel structure that transmits electromagnetic waves in the form of traveling waves, excites the horizontal and vertical polarized arrays, and radiates horizontal and vertical polarized beams into free space. The feeding structure is connected to the waveguide structure to feed electromagnetic waves into the waveguide structure.

[0072] A dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna comprises: a horizontal polarization array 1, a vertical polarization array 2, a waveguide structure 3, a feeding structure 4, and a beam control module 5; the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 are alternately distributed along the arrangement direction, and radiate horizontal polarization beams and vertical polarization beams to the free space; each unit in the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 comprises a radiating unit and a bias circuit, and is used for electrically controlling and realizing beam scanning; the waveguide structure 3 is a dual-channel transmission structure, and excites the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array; the feeding structure 4 is connected to the waveguide structure 3, and electromagnetic waves 6 are fed into the waveguide structure 3; the beam control module 5 is connected to the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2, and the beam control module 5 controls the bias state of the bias circuit.

[0073] The horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 are composed of any number of one-dimensional arrays arranged at equal intervals, and each one-dimensional array includes two rows of horizontal polarization arrays 1 and one row of vertical polarization arrays 2, the two rows of horizontal polarization arrays 1 are located on both sides of the radiation aperture, and the one row of vertical polarization arrays 2 is located in the center of the radiation aperture.

[0074] The two rows of horizontal polarization arrays 1 have a narrow lateral dimension, and the two rows of horizontal polarization arrays 1 are arranged closely adjacent to the one row of vertical polarization array 2 .

[0075] Each row of the horizontal polarization array 1 is provided with a row of radiation units, and each row of the vertical polarization array 2 is provided with two rows of radiation units. The radiation units in each row are arranged in a staggered or non-staggered manner.

[0076] The waveguide structure 3 is a two-dimensional planar waveguide structure formed by arranging any number of one-dimensional waveguide structures in parallel. The one-dimensional waveguide structure is a dual-channel structure consisting of an upper channel and a lower channel. The upper channel is a vertically polarized array 2 excited by electromagnetic waves 6, and the lower channel is a horizontally polarized array 1 excited by electromagnetic waves 6.

[0077] The structural types of the waveguide structure 3 include rectangular waveguide, ridge waveguide, circular waveguide, parallel plate waveguide, gap waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide, dielectric waveguide, microstrip transmission line, stripline, coplanar waveguide and slotline.

[0078] Each radiating unit in the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 is composed of a radiating unit and a bias circuit. The radiating unit couples electromagnetic energy from the waveguide structure 3 and radiates into the free space. The bias circuit controls the working state of the radiating unit.

[0079] The structural types of the feeding structure 4 include parallel feeding, series feeding, reflection surface feeding, lens feeding and multi-channel independent signal feeding.

[0080] The beam control module 5 controls the working states of the radiation units in the horizontal polarization array 1 and the vertical polarization array 2 in real time, so that the antenna can achieve the performance of dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning.

[0081] The radiation unit of the vertical polarization array 2 adopts a slot structure or a slot-coupled patch structure to radiate electromagnetic waves. The structural types of the slot structure include rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, "H"-shaped slots and "dumbbell"-shaped slots. The structural types of the patch structure include rectangular patches, circular patches, elliptical patches, triangular patches, patches with etched slots and patches with parasitic structures.

[0082] The radiation structure of the horizontally polarized array 1 is composed of a coupling structure 17, a microstrip line 8, a coupling structure 29 and a horizontally polarized radiation unit 10. The coupling structure 17 couples the electromagnetic wave 6 of the waveguide below to the microstrip line 8, and the coupling structure 29 couples the electromagnetic wave on the microstrip line 8 to the horizontally polarized radiation unit 10. The structural types of the horizontally polarized radiation unit 10 include a printed dipole, a printed dipole with a director, a right-angle bent printed dipole and an obliquely bent printed dipole.

[0083] The coupling structure 17 couples the electromagnetic wave of the waveguide below to the microstrip line 8 in the form of a slot structure coupled microstrip line. The slot structure includes rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, "H"-shaped slots and "dumbbell"-shaped slots.

[0084] The coupling structure 29 couples the electromagnetic waves on the microstrip line 8 to the horizontally polarized radiation unit 10 in the form of a microstrip line coupling slot structure, and the slot structure types include rectangular slots, circular slots, elliptical slots, "H"-shaped slots and "dumbbell"-shaped slots.

[0085] The bias circuit includes active electronic components, metal patches and metal vias. The active electronic components are fixed on the metal patches. The metal patches are connected to the beam control module 5 through a DC bias line to provide a bias voltage to the active electronic components.

[0086] The radiation unit of the vertical polarization array 2 is a slot structure, an active electronic component is used in the bias circuit, the bias circuit is located below the radiation unit, the metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through a metal via, and a bias voltage is introduced to the metal patch 2;

[0087] or;

[0088] The radiation unit of the vertical polarization array 2 is a slot structure. Two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit. The bias circuit is located above or below the radiation unit. The metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through the metal via 1. The metal patch 2 is connected to the slot metal layer through the metal via 2. There is no via on the metal patch 3. A bias voltage is introduced on the metal patch 3.

[0089] or;

[0090] The radiation unit of the vertical polarization array 2 is composed of a slot structure and a slot-excited patch structure. An active electronic component is used in the bias circuit. The bias circuit is located below the radiation unit. The metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through the metal via 1. The bias voltage is introduced to the metal patch 2.

[0091] or;

[0092] The radiation unit of the vertical polarization array 2 is composed of a slot structure and a patch structure excited by the slot. An active electronic component is used in the bias circuit. The bias circuit is located on the side of the patch structure of the radiation unit. The metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through a metal via, and a bias voltage is introduced to the metal patch 2.

[0093] or;

[0094] The unit of the radiating vertical polarization array 2 is composed of a slot structure and a slot-excited patch structure. Two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit. The bias circuit is located below the radiating unit. Metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through metal via 1, metal patch 2 is connected to the slot metal layer through metal via 2, and a bias voltage is introduced to metal patch 3.

[0095] The coupling structure 17 of the horizontal polarization array 1 is a slot-coupled microstrip line structure, the bias circuit and the microstrip line 8 are located on both sides of the slot structure, an active electronic component is used in the bias circuit, the metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through a metal via, and a bias voltage is introduced to the metal patch 2;

[0096] or;

[0097] The coupling structure 17 of the horizontally polarized array 1 is a slot-coupled microstrip line structure. The bias circuit and the microstrip line 8 are located on both sides of the slot structure. Two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit. The metal patch 1 is connected to the slot metal layer through the metal via 1, and the metal patch 2 is connected to the slot metal layer through the metal via 2. There is no via on the metal patch 3, and a bias voltage is introduced on the metal patch 3.

[0098] It can be known from the description of the above implementation methods that those skilled in the art can clearly understand that the present invention can be implemented by means of software plus a necessary general hardware platform. Based on such an understanding, the technical solution of the present invention can be essentially or partly contributed to the prior art in the form of a software product, which can be stored in a storage medium such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, an optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions for enabling a computer device such as a personal computer, a server, or a network device to perform various embodiments of the present invention or methods of certain parts of the embodiments.

[0099] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A dual-polarized electrically controlled beam scanning antenna, characterized in that: The antenna is composed of a horizontally polarized array and a vertically polarized array. The horizontally polarized array has a narrow lateral dimension and can be arranged closely to the vertically polarized array to ensure that the antenna radiates horizontally polarized beams and vertically polarized beams at the same time within a certain size. The radiation structure of the horizontally polarized array and the vertically polarized array is composed of a radiation unit and a bias circuit. The antenna has the ability to electrically control beam scanning. The waveguide structure is a dual-channel structure for exciting the horizontally polarized array and the vertically polarized array. The feeding structure is located on both sides of the waveguide structure to feed electromagnetic waves into the waveguide structure. The beam control module is connected to the bias circuit for the working state of the electronic control unit.

2. A dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array are composed of any number of one-dimensional arrays alternately distributed along the arrangement direction, radiating horizontal polarization beams and vertical polarization beams into free space. Each unit in the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array includes a radiating unit and a bias circuit. The bias state of the bias circuit is controlled by a beam control module. The bias state of the bias circuit can change the working state of the radiating unit, thereby realizing the electrically controlled beam scanning characteristics of the antenna. The waveguide structure is a waveguide structure in a two-dimensional plane form obtained by arranging any number of one-dimensional waveguide structures in parallel. The waveguide structure is a dual-channel transmission structure that transmits electromagnetic waves in the form of traveling waves. The upper channel excites the vertical polarization array through electromagnetic waves, and the lower channel excites the horizontal polarization array through electromagnetic waves.

3. A dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: Each one-dimensional waveguide corresponds to two rows of one-dimensional horizontal polarization arrays and one row of vertical polarization arrays. The horizontal polarization array has a narrow lateral dimension. The two rows of horizontal polarization arrays are arranged closely to one row of vertical polarization array. The starting end and the end of the waveguide structure are each connected to a feeding structure.

4. The dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The beam control module is connected to the horizontal polarization array and the vertical polarization array. The beam control module controls the bias state of the bias circuit. The waveguide structure includes rectangular waveguide, ridge waveguide, circular waveguide, parallel plate waveguide, gap waveguide, substrate integrated waveguide, dielectric waveguide, microstrip transmission line, stripline, coplanar waveguide, and slot line.

5. The dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: A radiating element array in a staggered arrangement form is adopted, or a radiating element array in a non-staggered arrangement form is adopted, each row of the horizontal polarization array is provided with a row of radiating elements, and each row of the vertical polarization array is provided with two rows of radiating elements.

6. A dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation unit is a slot structure, which includes a rectangular slot, a circular slot, an elliptical slot, a triangular slot, an "H"-shaped slot, a "dumbbell"-shaped slot or slots of other shapes and forms. The slot structure directly leaks the electromagnetic waves in the waveguide structure into free space.

7. The dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation unit is composed of a slot and a slot-excited patch structure. The patch structure is located above the slot structure. The slot structure couples the electromagnetic energy carried by the electromagnetic wave in the waveguide structure to the patch structure. The patch structure radiates the electromagnetic energy into the free space. The patch structure includes a rectangular patch, a circular patch, an elliptical patch, a triangular patch, a patch with an etched slot, a patch with a parasitic structure, or a patch of other shapes and forms. The slot structure includes a rectangular slot, a circular slot, an elliptical slot, an "H"-shaped slot, a "dumbbell"-shaped slot, or a slot of other shapes and forms.

8. The dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiation structure of the horizontally polarized array consists of a coupling structure, a microstrip line, a coupling structure and a horizontally polarized radiation array. The coupling structure couples the electromagnetic waves of the waveguide below to the microstrip line, and the coupling structure couples the electromagnetic waves on the microstrip line to the horizontally polarized radiation array.

9. The dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: The radiating unit is a printed dipole structure, and the printed dipole structure includes a printed dipole, a printed dipole with a director, a right-angle bent printed dipole and an obliquely bent printed dipole. The coupling structure of the horizontally polarized array is composed of a slot structure and a slot-coupled microstrip line. The slot structure includes a rectangular slot, a circular slot, an elliptical slot, an "H"-shaped slot, a "dumbbell"-shaped slot or slots of other shapes and forms.

10. The dual-polarization electrically controlled beam scanning antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that: An active electronic component is used in the bias circuit. The bias circuit is located below the gap structure. The pad is connected to the gap metal layer through a via. A bias voltage is introduced to the pad. Alternatively, two active electronic components are used in the bias circuit, the bias circuit can be above or below the gap structure, the pads are connected to the gap metal layer through vias, there are no vias on the pads, and a bias voltage is introduced on the pads.

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