Photovoltaic module and photovoltaic system

Abstract

The invention discloses a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system, relates to the technical field of photovoltaics, and is used for solving the problem of packaging and sealing. The photovoltaic module comprises a cover plate and a back plate which are oppositely arranged; the battery pack is arranged between the cover plate and the back plate; the battery pack is fixed with the cover plate and the back plate through the packaging adhesive film; the waterproof layer is arranged on the outer side of the packaging adhesive film; wherein the water vapor transmittance of the water-blocking layer is smaller than that of the packaging adhesive film, and the size of the water-blocking layer is smaller than that of the packaging adhesive film in the direction from the water-blocking layer to the packaging adhesive film. Compared with an existing photovoltaic module, the water vapor transmittance of the water-blocking layer is smaller than that of the packaging adhesive film, and the water-blocking layer is located on the outer side of the packaging adhesive film, so that the water-blocking capacity is better when the battery pack to be packaged and protected is closer to the outer side and closer to the air environment. The combination of the waterproof layer on the outer side and the packaging adhesive film on the inner side can well isolate water vapor invasion, and plays a role in protecting the reliability of the electrode on the battery piece.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of photovoltaic technology, and in particular to a photovoltaic component and a photovoltaic system. Background Art

[0002] With the development of photovoltaic module technology, cost reduction is an important development direction. Battery cost accounts for an important part of photovoltaic module cost, and the consumption of silver paste of electrode accounts for a major part of battery cost. In order to reduce the consumption of silver paste, batteries have now developed silver-copper paste, and even no silver paste (such as copper paste) as the main component of the paste. However, with the introduction of other metal pastes, other metal pastes are not as stable as silver paste. When photovoltaic modules are operating outdoors, although they are encapsulated, water vapor will still penetrate, thus affecting the performance of non-pure silver electrodes, causing blackening or even failure. Summary of the invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a photovoltaic module and a photovoltaic system to improve the encapsulation and water-blocking measures of the photovoltaic module, to prevent the intrusion of water vapor as much as possible, thereby ensuring the reliability of batteries with non-silver electrodes and achieving cost reduction.

[0004] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, comprising:

[0005] A cover plate and a back plate arranged opposite to each other;

[0006] A battery pack is arranged between the cover plate and the back plate;

[0007] Packaging film, the battery pack is fixed to the cover plate and the back plate through the packaging film;

[0008] and a water-blocking layer disposed outside the packaging film; wherein the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer is lower than that of the packaging film, and the size of the water-blocking layer in the direction from the water-blocking layer to the packaging film is smaller than that of the packaging film.

[0009] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, the water vapor permeability of the water barrier layer is less than the water vapor permeability of the encapsulation film and the water barrier layer is located on the outside of the encapsulation film. For the battery pack to be encapsulated and protected, the closer to the outside and the closer to the air environment, the better the water barrier ability. The combination of the outer water barrier layer and the inner encapsulation film can better isolate the invasion of water vapor and play a role in protecting the reliability of the electrodes on the battery cells. In addition, while the water vapor permeability of the water barrier layer is less than the water vapor permeability of the encapsulation film, the size of the water barrier layer in the direction from the water barrier layer to the encapsulation film is smaller than the size of the encapsulation film. The water barrier layer mainly plays a role in water blocking, and the encapsulation film mainly plays a role in protecting and fixing the battery pack. When the size of the water barrier layer is smaller than the size of the encapsulation film, it can be prioritized to ensure that the battery pack is reliable and free of debris, further improving the reliability of the electrodes on the battery cells included in the battery pack.

[0010] In some possible implementations, the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.12 g / (m 2 ·d). In this way, the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking layer is further improved.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0012] A. The water vapor permeability of the water barrier layer is less than or equal to 0.03g / (m 2 d);

[0013] B. The water-blocking layer includes butyl rubber, and the encapsulating film includes EVA;

[0014] C. In the direction from the water-blocking layer to the packaging film, the size of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.1 times the size of the packaging film.

[0015] When the above technical solution is adopted, the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.03g / (m 2 ·d), at this time, the manufactured photovoltaic module has excellent water barrier performance, and the electrode structure of the module can operate reliably in a high humidity environment. The water barrier layer is made of butyl rubber, which can meet the water vapor transmission rate of less than or equal to 0.03g / (m 2 ·d), which is much lower than the water vapor transmission rate of the encapsulation film, and has an excellent water-blocking effect. The encapsulation film uses EVA combined with butyl rubber as the main material of the water-blocking layer, both of which can be well bonded and fixed to the cover plate and the back plate, improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module and reducing the risk of delamination and peeling of the layers of the module. The water-blocking layer with a water-blocking effect often has a low light transmittance. The size of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.1 times the size of the encapsulation film, which can minimize the adverse effects on the light absorption rate of the module.

[0016] The auxiliary water-blocking layer is made of silicone, and the frame can be sealed by silicone bonding to surround the edge of the photovoltaic module, while also having a certain water-blocking effect. The water vapor permeability of the auxiliary water-blocking layer is greater than that of the encapsulation film, and it can effectively block part of the water vapor from passing through the three-layer water-blocking structure, thereby improving the water-blocking effect.

[0017] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, the packaging film wraps the surface of the battery included in the battery pack, and there is a packaging film between the battery and the water-blocking layer. The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, which can reduce the side length of the photovoltaic module, and for butyl rubber, improves the fixing effect and sealing effect of butyl rubber with the cover plate and the back plate. The packaging film wraps the surface of all the batteries in the battery pack, improves the buffering, fixing and insulating effect of the battery, and the battery and the water-blocking layer are separated by the packaging film, which can reduce the risk of battery damage and cracking caused by direct contact between the relatively hard water-blocking layer and the battery.

[0018] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer and the packaging film satisfy at least one of the following conditions:

[0019] D. The water-blocking layer is in contact with the encapsulating film and the peeling force between the two is less than or equal to 5N / cm;

[0020] E. There are gaps or holes between the water-blocking layer and the packaging film.

[0021] When the above technical solution is adopted, when the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, the water-blocking layer and the encapsulation film are simply in contact or combined, and there is no chemical fusion such as cross-linking between the two. The peeling force is less than or equal to 5N / cm, and there are gaps or holes between the water-blocking layer and the encapsulation film to prevent the encapsulation film from invading the water-blocking layer and affecting the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking layer.

[0022] In some possible implementations, the melting point of the water-blocking layer is lower than the melting point of the encapsulation film. During the preparation of photovoltaic modules, the water-blocking layer melts first after being heated and adheres to the cover plate and the back plate, which can prevent the encapsulation film from melting first and then invading the water-blocking layer and between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate, thereby ensuring the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking layer.

[0023] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, and in the width direction of the water-blocking layer, the water-blocking layer is in direct contact with the cover plate and / or the back plate for more than 70% of the width area from the outside to the inside. With such an arrangement, the width area in which the water-blocking layer is in direct contact with the cover plate and / or the back plate is more than 70% from the outside to the inside, which means that the encapsulation film intrudes into a smaller area between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and / or the back plate, and only enters the part of the water-blocking layer close to the inside, while the outside part is not invaded by the encapsulation film, which reduces the effect of the encapsulation film on the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking layer, ensures the sealing and bonding effect between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and / or the back plate, and reduces the risk of water vapor entering the interior of the photovoltaic module through the gap between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and / or the back plate.

[0024] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the overlap width of the orthographic projection of the water-blocking layer on the cover plate and the orthographic projection of the encapsulating film on the cover plate is 0-1 mm; the overlap width of the orthographic projection of the water-blocking layer on the back plate and the orthographic projection of the encapsulating film on the back plate is 0-1 mm. With such an arrangement, the encapsulating film intrudes into a smaller area between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and / or the back plate, thereby reducing the influence of the encapsulating film on the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking layer.

[0025] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0026] F. The width of the water-blocking layer is 3mm to 16mm;

[0027] G. The difference between the width of the water-blocking layer at the first position and the width of the water-blocking layer at the second position is less than or equal to 40% of the larger width of the two.

[0028] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate. If the width of the water-blocking layer is less than 3 mm, the width of the water-blocking layer is too small and the water-blocking effect is not ideal. If the width of the water-blocking layer is greater than 16 mm, the width of the water-blocking layer is too wide and the width of the edge of the photovoltaic module is too large, which increases the size of the photovoltaic module or reduces the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​the battery, and increases the material cost of the water-blocking layer. The overall width of the water-blocking layer is relatively uniform, and the water-blocking effect of the photovoltaic module is also relatively balanced.

[0029] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer is bonded to the cover plate and the back plate, and there are no holes with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate, and the water-blocking layer has no holes with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. With such an arrangement, the holes between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate, as well as the holes in the water-blocking layer itself, are relatively small, thereby improving the sealing and bonding effect between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate, as well as the sealing effect of the water-blocking layer itself, thereby improving the water-blocking performance of the photovoltaic module.

[0030] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0031] H. The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the bonding force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate is greater than the bonding force between the encapsulating film and the cover plate; the bonding force between the water-blocking layer and the back plate is greater than the bonding force between the encapsulating film and the back plate;

[0032] I. The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, and the peeling force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate is greater than or equal to 200N / cm;

[0033] J. The hardness of the water barrier layer is greater than the hardness of the packaging film.

[0034] When the above technical solution is adopted, the adhesive force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and / or the back plate is greater, which can improve the adhesive sealing effect between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and / or the back plate, thereby improving the water-blocking performance. The peeling force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate is greater than or equal to 200N / cm, and it is not easy to be debonded during use and transportation, thereby improving the sealing and water-blocking performance. The hardness of the water-blocking layer is greater than the hardness of the encapsulating film, and the water-blocking layer is on the outside of the encapsulating film, which can provide better support performance.

[0035] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is disposed in the surrounding area between the cover plate and the back plate, and the encapsulation film is disposed between the cover plate and the back plate and is located in the area surrounded by the water-blocking layer. In this configuration, the water-blocking layer is disposed in the surrounding area between the cover plate and the back plate, and the encapsulation film is surrounded in the area surrounded by the water-blocking layer, thereby improving the water-blocking performance of the photovoltaic module around.

[0036] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module further includes a water-blocking reinforcement layer; the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking reinforcement layer is lower than that of the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer, and the water-blocking reinforcement layer is disposed at least one of the following locations: between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate, between the water-blocking layer and the back plate, and on the side of the water-blocking layer away from the battery pack. The water-blocking performance of the photovoltaic module is further improved by providing the water-blocking reinforcement layer.

[0037] In some possible implementations, the outer edge of the water-blocking layer is flush with the outer edge of the cover plate;

[0038] Or the outer edge of the water-blocking layer protrudes from the outer edge of the cover plate.

[0039] When the above technical solution is adopted, the outer edge of the water-blocking layer is flush with the outer edge of the cover plate and the back plate, and the edge area between the cover plate and the back plate can be used to the maximum extent for water-blocking sealing. The flush setting is more conducive to the smooth bonding and fixing between the frame and the outer edges of the cover plate, the water-blocking layer and the back plate than the concave setting, reducing the gap due to the position difference, thereby improving the sealing effect. The frame is bonded and fixed to the edge of the component through the auxiliary water-blocking layer. The outer edge of the water-blocking layer protrudes from the outer edge of the cover plate, which can ensure that the water-blocking layer has a sufficient width and is conducive to the glue encapsulation and glue overflow effect between the cover plate, the water-blocking layer, the back plate laminate and the frame.

[0040] In some possible implementations, an end water-blocking tape is further disposed between the outer periphery of the cover plate and the back plate and the auxiliary water-blocking layer, and the water vapor permeability of the end water-blocking tape is greater than the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer, and less than the water vapor permeability of the packaging film. In this configuration, the end water-blocking tape is wrapped and attached to the outer periphery of the cover plate, the back plate, and the water-blocking layer, and the water-blocking structure composed of the end water-blocking tape, the water-blocking layer, and the packaging film from the outside to the inside, the water vapor permeability changes in a step-like manner, not in a linear manner, and the water-blocking sealing performance can be further improved.

[0041] In some possible implementations, the back plate is provided with an outlet hole, and a water-blocking structure is provided at the outlet hole, and the difference in water vapor permeability between the water-blocking structure and the water-blocking layer is less than 0.5 g / (m 2 ·d). In addition to setting a water-blocking structure at the edge of the photovoltaic module, a water-blocking structure is also set at the lead-out hole of the back plate. The water-blocking effect of the water-blocking structure is similar to that of the water-blocking layer, which reduces the risk of water vapor entering the module from the lead-out hole, thereby improving the sealing and water-blocking performance of the module as a whole.

[0042] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module also includes a frame and an auxiliary water-blocking layer, and the frame is fixed to the periphery of the cover plate and the back plate through the auxiliary water-blocking layer; along the side of the frame to the center of the battery pack, the auxiliary water-blocking layer, the water-blocking layer and the packaging film are arranged in sequence and the water vapor permeability of the three first decreases and then increases, and the water vapor permeability of the packaging film is less than the water vapor permeability of the auxiliary water-blocking layer.

[0043] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module meets at least one of the following conditions:

[0044] K. In the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the cover plate, the orthographic projection of the frame covers the orthographic projection of the water-blocking layer;

[0045] L. The auxiliary water-blocking layer covers the outer side of the water-blocking layer;

[0046] M. An end water-blocking tape is provided between the auxiliary water-blocking layer and the side of the cover plate.

[0047] With this arrangement, non-transparent water-blocking layers such as black and gray can be shielded by the A surface of the frame, that is, the top surface, to improve the appearance of the photovoltaic module. The auxiliary water-blocking layer covers the outer side of the water-blocking layer, which can protect the water-blocking layer. The auxiliary water-blocking layer and the end water-blocking tape are combined with the encapsulation film to improve the water-blocking performance and facilitate the repair of the end water-blocking tape.

[0048] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer is located outside the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0049] N. The cross section of the water-blocking layer is C-shaped;

[0050] O. The water-blocking layer is an aluminum foil tape. In this way, the water-blocking layer is wrapped around the outside of the cover plate and the back plate, and is fixed with an aluminum foil tape. The water vapor permeability of the aluminum foil tape is much lower than that of the encapsulation film, so it can also improve the water-blocking and sealing performance. The water-blocking layer is located outside the cover plate and the back plate, which can reduce the space occupied between the cover plate and the back plate, increase the proportion of the battery pack, and improve the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module.

[0051] In some possible implementations, the outer side of the water-blocking layer is fixed to the frame through an auxiliary water-blocking layer, and in a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module and perpendicular to one side of the photovoltaic module, the cross-sectional shape of the auxiliary water-blocking layer is C-shaped, and the middle part of the auxiliary water-blocking layer is bonded to the water-blocking layer; the auxiliary water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0052] P. The two ends of the auxiliary water-blocking layer are bonded to the cover plate and the back plate respectively;

[0053] Q. The width of the auxiliary water-blocking layer and the cover plate is 5mm-10mm. In this way, based on the water-blocking layer being located on the outside of the cover plate and the back plate, the auxiliary water-blocking layer is a C-shaped structure, wrapped around the outside of the water-blocking layer, and the two ends of the auxiliary water-blocking layer are bonded to the cover plate and the back plate. The auxiliary water-blocking layer improves the fixing effect of the water-blocking layer on the outside of the cover plate and the back plate, and it is not easy to fall off. If the width of the auxiliary water-blocking layer and the cover plate is less than 5mm, the bonding effect of the auxiliary water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the fixing effect of the frame are not good. If the width is greater than 10mm, the auxiliary water-blocking layer increases the shielding of the light-receiving area of ​​the battery, and the material cost increases.

[0054] In some possible implementations, the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions:

[0055] R. The width of the water-blocking layer bonded to the front of the cover plate and / or the back of the back plate is 2 mm to 5 mm;

[0056] S. The adhesion between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and back plate is greater than or equal to 5N / cm.

[0057] When the above technical solution is adopted, when the width of the water-blocking layer and the front of the cover plate and / or the back of the back plate is less than 2 mm, the width of the water-blocking layer is too small and the fixing effect of the water-blocking layer is poor. When the width is greater than 5 mm, it is easy to block the light-receiving area of ​​the battery and affect the bonding effect of the auxiliary water-blocking layer with the cover plate and the back plate, resulting in unnecessary waste of materials. The bonding force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate is greater than or equal to 5N / cm to ensure good bonding and fixing performance.

[0058] In a second aspect, the present invention further provides a photovoltaic system, comprising any photovoltaic assembly as described above. The beneficial effects of the photovoltaic system are the same as those of the first aspect and any of the above technical solutions, and are not described in detail. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0059] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention and constitute a part of the present invention. The exemplary embodiments of the present invention and their descriptions are used to explain the present invention and do not constitute an improper limitation of the present invention. In the drawings:

[0060] Figure 1 A schematic cross-sectional view of a photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0061] Figure 2 A schematic cross-sectional view of another photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 3 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of another photovoltaic module provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0063] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the water blocking effect of the existing photovoltaic module;

[0064] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the water blocking effect of the photovoltaic module in the embodiment of the present invention.

[0065] Figure numerals: 1 is a frame, 2 is an auxiliary water-blocking layer, 3 is a water-blocking layer, 4 is a packaging film, 5 is a battery pack, 6 is a cover plate, 7 is a back plate, and 8 is an end water-blocking tape. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0066] In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and beneficial effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0067] It should be noted that when an element is referred to as being "fixed to" or "disposed on" another element, it can be directly on the other element or indirectly on the other element. When an element is referred to as being "connected to" another element, it can be directly connected to the other element or indirectly connected to the other element.

[0068] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "multiple" is two or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined. The meaning of "several" is one or more, unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0069] In the description of the present invention, it is necessary to understand that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as a limitation on the present invention.

[0070] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0071] like Figure 1-Figure 3 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a photovoltaic module, including a cover plate 6, a back plate 7, a battery group 5, a water-blocking layer 3 and a packaging film 4; wherein the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 are arranged opposite to each other, the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 can both be transparent plates, or the cover plate 6 is a transparent plate and the back plate 7 is a non-transparent plate, the transparent plate can be a transparent glass or a transparent plastic plate, etc., and the non-transparent plate can be a non-transparent glass or a non-transparent plastic plate, etc.; the battery group 5 is arranged between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the battery group 5 includes a plurality of batteries arranged in an array for series-parallel connection; there is a packaging film 4 between the battery group 5 and the cover plate 6, and between the battery group 5 and the back plate 7, and the battery group 5 is fixed to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 through the packaging film 4. The water-blocking layer 3 is arranged on the outside of the packaging film 4, and in the direction from the water-blocking layer 3 to the packaging film 4, the size of the water-blocking layer 3 is smaller than the size of the packaging film 4.

[0072] For example, in the long side direction of the parallel component, the size of the water blocking layer 3 is the width of the water blocking layer, and the size of the encapsulation film 4 is the length of the encapsulation film. In the short side direction of the parallel component, the size of the water blocking layer 3 is the width of the water blocking layer, and the size of the encapsulation film 4 is the width of the encapsulation film.

[0073] It should be understood that water vapor transmission rate refers to the amount of water vapor that passes through a material per unit area per unit time. The unit is usually g / (m 2 d), mark every 1m per day (24h) 2 The weight of water vapor permeability per area.

[0074] The test method for water vapor transmission rate can be selected from the test methods of the prior art such as GB 1037-88, GB / T 26253-2010, GB / T1037-2021, GB / T 30412-2013, etc. Preferably, the water barrier layer and the encapsulation film are tested using the same test method.

[0075] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than the water vapor permeability of the encapsulating film 4 and the water-blocking layer 3 is located on the outside of the encapsulating film 4. For the encapsulated and protected battery pack 5, the closer to the outside and the closer to the air environment, the better the water-blocking ability. The combination of the outer water-blocking layer 3 and the inner encapsulating film 4 can better isolate the invasion of water vapor and play a role in protecting the reliability of the electrodes on the battery cells. In addition, while the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than the water vapor permeability of the encapsulating film 4, the size of the water-blocking layer 3 is smaller than the size of the encapsulating film 4 in the direction from the water-blocking layer 3 to the encapsulating film 4. The water-blocking layer 3 mainly plays a role in blocking water, and the encapsulating film 4 mainly plays a role in protecting and fixing the battery pack. When the size of the water-blocking layer 3 is smaller than the size of the encapsulating film 4, it can be prioritized to ensure that the battery pack is reliable and free of debris, further improving the reliability of the electrodes on the battery cells included in the battery pack 5.

[0076] like Figure 4-Figure 5 As shown, Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the water-blocking effect of existing photovoltaic modules. It can be seen that in the existing photovoltaic modules, in the absence of a water-blocking layer, water vapor penetrates into the edge of the photovoltaic module, causing the edge of the non-silver paste battery to turn black. Figure 5 The schematic diagram of the water-blocking effect of the sealed edges of the photovoltaic module provided in the embodiment of the present invention shows that when the water-blocking structure in the present application is adopted on all the edges of the photovoltaic module, the non-silver paste batteries on the edges of the photovoltaic module basically do not turn black, thereby ensuring the reliability of the non-silver paste batteries.

[0077] In some embodiments, the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than or equal to 4 g / (m 2 ·d). For example, the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking layer 3 may be 0.01 g / (m 2 ·d)、0.03g / (m 2 ·d)、0.05g / (m 2 ·d)、0.08g / (m 2 ·d)、0.1g / (m 2 ·d)、0.12g / (m 2 ·d)、0.15g / (m 2 ·d)、0.18g / (m 2 ·d)、0.2g / (m 2 ·d)、0.3g / (m 2 ·d)、0.4g / (m 2 ·d)、0.5g / (m 2 ·d)、0.6g / (m 2 ·d)、0.7g / (m 2 ·d)、0.9g / (m 2 ·d)、1g / (m 2 ·d)、1.2g / (m 2 ·d)、1.5g / (m 2 ·d)、1.7g / (m 2 ·d)、2g / (m 2 ·d)、2.5g / (m 2 ·d)、3g / (m 2 ·d)、3.5g / (m 2 ·d)、4g / (m 2 ·d) etc. The water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking layer 3 is greater than 4g / (m 2 ·d), the water barrier effect of the water barrier layer 3 cannot meet the reliability requirements of non-silver paste batteries. When the water vapor permeability of the water barrier layer 3 is less than or equal to 4g / (m 2 ·d), the encapsulated photovoltaic modules can meet the EL test requirements of good products.

[0078] Furthermore, the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than or equal to 0.12 g / (m 2 ·d). In this way, within the 25-year service life of the photovoltaic module, the attenuation of water resistance and aging performance caused by long-term exposure to air can be improved, ensuring the reliability of the electrodes on the module during service.

[0079] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the water vapor transmission rate of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than or equal to 0.03 g / (m 2 ·d), specifically 0.002g / (m 2 ·d)、0.005g / (m 2 ·d)、0.008g / (m 2 ·d)、0.01g / (m 2 ·d)、0.01g / (m 2 ·d)、0.015g / (m 2 ·d)、0.018g / (m 2 ·d)、0.02g / (m 2 ·d)、0.022g / (m 2 ·d)、0.025g / (m 2 ·d)、0.028g / (m 2 ·d)、0.03g / (m 2 ·d), etc. At this time, the manufactured photovoltaic module has excellent water-blocking performance, and the electrode structure of the module can operate reliably in a high-humidity environment.

[0080] In some embodiments, the water-blocking layer 3 includes butyl rubber, and the packaging film 4 includes EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer). At this time, the main component of the water-blocking layer 3 is butyl rubber, and other components are not specifically limited in this application.

[0081] When the above technical solution is adopted, the water-blocking layer 3 is made of butyl rubber, which can satisfy the requirement that the water vapor transmission rate is less than or equal to 0.03g / (m 2 ·d), which is much lower than the water vapor transmission rate of the encapsulation film 4 (5-10g / (m 2 ·d)), with excellent water-blocking effect. The encapsulation film 4 uses a water-blocking layer 3 with EVA combined with butyl rubber as the main material, both of which can be well bonded and fixed to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, thereby improving the structural stability of the photovoltaic module and reducing the risk of delamination and peeling of the layers of the module.

[0082] Of course, the water-blocking layer 3 may also be made of other materials with lower water vapor permeability, which are not listed here one by one.

[0083] In some embodiments, in the direction from the water-blocking layer 3 to the encapsulating film 4, the size of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than or equal to 0.1 times the size of the encapsulating film 4. The water-blocking layer 3 with a water-blocking effect often has a low light transmittance. Such a design can minimize the adverse effect on the light absorption rate of the component. For example, the size of the water-blocking layer 3 is 0.05 times, 0.06 times, 0.07 times, 0.08 times, 0.09 times, 0.1 times, etc., of the size of the encapsulating film 4. Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some possible implementations, the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, that is, the water blocking layer 3 is sandwiched between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. When the water blocking layer 3 is made of butyl rubber, the butyl rubber is filled between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. The packaging film 4 wraps the surface of the battery included in the battery pack 5, that is, there is a packaging film 4 between the front of the battery and the cover plate 6, between the back of the battery and the back plate 7, and on the side of the battery. All the batteries in the battery pack are wrapped in the packaging film 4, and there is a packaging film 4 between the battery and the water blocking layer 3.

[0084] In the case of adopting the above technical solution, the water-blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. Under the condition of having the same water-blocking and sealing effect, the side length of the photovoltaic module can be reduced. In addition, for butyl rubber, the butyl rubber is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, which provides a relatively stable filling space for the butyl rubber, thereby improving the fixing effect and sealing effect of the butyl rubber with the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. At the same time, the butyl rubber can also prevent the packaging film 4 from flowing out. The packaging film 4 wraps the surface of all the batteries in the battery pack 5, improving the buffering, fixing and insulating effect of the batteries. In addition, the batteries can be water-blocked and sealed in all directions, and the batteries and the water-blocking layer 3 are separated by the packaging film 4, which can reduce the risk of battery edge fragments and hidden cracks caused by direct contact between the water-blocking layer 3 of the relatively large hardness butyl rubber and the batteries.

[0085] In some embodiments, when the water-blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the water-blocking layer 3 is in contact with the encapsulating film 4 and the peeling force between the two is less than or equal to 5N / cm, which can be 1N / cm, 2N / cm, 3N / cm, 4N / cm, 5N / cm, etc. When the above technical solution is adopted, the water-blocking layer 3 and the encapsulating film 4 are mainly in simple contact or combination, and there is no chemical fusion phenomenon such as cross-linking between the two, and the peeling force is less than or equal to 5N / cm. The encapsulating film can be reduced to invade the water-blocking layer and affect its water-blocking effect.

[0086] In some embodiments, there is a gap or hole between the water-blocking layer 3 and the encapsulating film 4. The gap or hole between the water-blocking layer 3 and the encapsulating film 4 prevents the encapsulating film 4 from invading the water-blocking layer 3 and affecting the water-blocking effect of the water-blocking layer 3. It also prevents the water-blocking layer 3 (such as butyl rubber) from extending onto the battery, blocking the battery and affecting the power generation efficiency. Of course, the butyl rubber can be transparent butyl rubber.

[0087] For example, when the water-blocking layer 3 is made of butyl rubber, in order to prevent the butyl rubber from cross-linking with the encapsulating film 4 and to prevent the encapsulating film 4 from invading the water-blocking layer 3, the diffusion of the butyl rubber during the lamination process needs to be considered during preparation. The butyl rubber will diffuse 20%-25% after lamination, and the creepage distance from the battery to the edge of the cover plate is generally 13mm-14mm. Therefore, during preparation, the width d of the butyl rubber must satisfy: d·1.25≤creepage distance, and the width of the film must satisfy: battery pack width≤film width≤cover plate width-2·(d·1.25); where 1.25 is the ductility coefficient of the butyl rubber. In this way, after the butyl rubber diffuses after lamination, it will not diffuse onto the battery, and will simply contact the encapsulating film or have gaps or holes.

[0088] In some embodiments, the melting point of the water-blocking layer 3 is lower than the melting point of the encapsulating film 4. In this way, during the preparation of the photovoltaic module, the water-blocking layer 3 melts first after being heated and bonds to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, achieving good bonding and sealing, which can prevent the encapsulating film 4 from melting first and then flowing out from the gap between the unmelted water-blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7, effectively seal the encapsulating film 4, and prevent the encapsulating film 4 from melting first and then invading the water-blocking layer 3 and between the water-blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, thereby affecting the water-blocking performance of the water-blocking layer 3, thereby ensuring the water-blocking and sealing effect of the water-blocking layer 3 and the photovoltaic module.

[0089] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the width direction of the water blocking layer 3 (i.e. Figure 1 In the direction from left to right in the middle), the width area of ​​the water blocking layer 3 from outside to inside is more than 70% in direct contact with the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7. Specifically, the width area can be 70%, 75%, 80%, 85%, 90%, 95%, 100%, etc. In this way, the width area of ​​the water blocking layer 3 directly contacting the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7 is more than 70% from outside to inside, which means that the area between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7 invaded by the encapsulating film 4 is small or there is no encapsulating film 4, and the encapsulating film 4 only enters the part close to the inside of the water blocking layer 3, while the outside part is not invaded by the encapsulating film 4, which reduces the influence of the encapsulating film 4 on the water blocking effect of the water blocking layer 3, and ensures the sealing and bonding effect between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7, and reduces the risk of water vapor entering the interior of the photovoltaic module through the gap between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7.

[0090] For example, when the water-blocking layer 3 is made of butyl rubber, in order to avoid or reduce the intrusion of the packaging film 4 between the butyl rubber and the cover plate 6 and / or the back plate 7, it is necessary to enable the butyl rubber to support the gap between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. Considering the ductility of the butyl rubber during lamination, during preparation, the thickness of the butyl rubber is ≥ 2 times the thickness of the packaging film + the thickness of the battery pack, so that the butyl rubber is in full contact with the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, reducing the existence of the gap and preventing the packaging film 4 from intruding into the gap and affecting the water-blocking sealing effect.

[0091] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the overlapping width of the projection of the water blocking layer 3 on the cover plate 6 and the projection of the encapsulation film 4 on the cover plate 6 is 0-1mm; the overlapping width of the projection of the water blocking layer 3 on the back plate 7 and the projection of the encapsulation film 4 on the back plate 7 is 0-1mm. The overlapping width can be 0mm, 0.2mm, 0.4mm, 0.6mm, 0.8mm, 1mm, etc. In this way, the encapsulation film 4 intrudes into a smaller area between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, which reduces the influence of the encapsulation film 4 on the water blocking effect of the water blocking layer 3, and ensures the overall water blocking and sealing effect of the photovoltaic module.

[0092] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the width of the water blocking layer 3 is 3 mm to 16 mm, and specifically can be 3 mm, 5 mm, 7 mm, 9 mm, 11 mm, 13 mm, 16 mm, etc. If the width of the water blocking layer 3 is less than 3 mm, the width of the water blocking layer 3 is too small, and the water blocking and sealing effect is not ideal. If the width of the water blocking layer 3 is greater than 16 mm, the width of the water blocking layer 3 is too wide, and the width occupied by the edge of the photovoltaic module is too large, which increases the size of the photovoltaic module or reduces the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​the battery, and increases the material cost of the water blocking layer 3.

[0093] In some embodiments, the difference between the width of the first position and the width of the second position of the water blocking layer 3 is less than or equal to 40% of the larger width of the two, that is, the difference between the widths of any two positions of the water blocking layer 3 is less than or equal to 40% of the larger width of the two positions, and can be specifically 0, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, etc. In this way, the overall width of the water blocking layer 3 is more uniform, the water blocking effect of each edge of the photovoltaic module is also more balanced, the weight of the required materials is basically the same, and the weight uniformity of each edge of the photovoltaic module is improved.

[0094] In some possible implementations, the water blocking layer 3 is bonded to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. For example, the water blocking layer 3 is butyl rubber, and the butyl rubber is bonded and sealed to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. There are no holes with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the water blocking layer 3 itself has no holes with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm. In this way, there are no holes or small holes between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and between the water blocking layer 3 itself, which improves the sealing and bonding effect between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 and the water blocking and sealing effect of the water blocking layer 3 itself, thereby improving the water blocking and sealing performance of the photovoltaic module. When there are holes, the diameter of the holes can be 0.1 mm, 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, etc.

[0095] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the adhesive force between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 is greater than the adhesive force between the encapsulation film 4 and the cover plate 6. The adhesive force between the water blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7 is greater than the adhesive force between the encapsulation film 4 and the back plate 7. In this way, the adhesive force between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 is greater, which can improve the adhesive sealing effect between the upper and lower interfaces of the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the encapsulation film 4 is not easy to flow out, thereby improving the water blocking performance.

[0096] In some embodiments, the peeling force between the water-blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 is greater than or equal to 200 N / cm, and can be specifically 200 N / cm, 250 N / cm, 300 N / cm, 350 N / cm, 400 N / cm, etc. It is not easy to be debonded during use and transportation, thereby improving the sealing and water-blocking performance and structural reliability.

[0097] In some embodiments, the hardness of the water-blocking layer 3 is greater than the hardness of the packaging film 4. At this time, the water-blocking layer 3 is on the outside of the packaging film 4, which can provide better supporting performance.

[0098] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, the water-blocking layer 3 is arranged in the surrounding area between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the encapsulation film 4 is arranged between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 and is located in the area surrounded by the water-blocking layer 3. That is, the water-blocking layer 3 is arranged in a circle around the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and a circle of closed sealed water-blocking space is surrounded by the water-blocking layer 3. In this way, the water-blocking layer 3 is arranged in the surrounding area between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the encapsulation film 4 is surrounded in the area surrounded by the water-blocking layer 3, thereby improving the water-blocking and sealing performance of the photovoltaic module around. Of course, the water-blocking layer 3 can also be arranged in the local area of ​​the edge between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 corresponding to the battery position, and the water-blocking treatment is performed on the key position that needs to be waterproof.

[0099] In some possible implementations, the photovoltaic module further includes a water-blocking reinforcement layer (not shown in the figure); the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking reinforcement layer is less than the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer 3, and the water-blocking reinforcement layer is arranged between the water-blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6, between the water-blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7, and at least one of the three places of the water-blocking reinforcement layer 3 away from the battery pack 5. The water-blocking reinforcement layer can be a material with a low water vapor permeability similar to butyl rubber. The water-blocking performance of the photovoltaic module is further improved by arranging the water-blocking reinforcement layer. For example, when the water-blocking reinforcement layer is arranged between the water-blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6, between the water-blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7, and when the water-blocking layer 3 is away from the battery pack 5, the water-blocking reinforcement layer surrounds the water-blocking layer 3 on three sides, together forming a water-blocking structure, and further improving the water-blocking sealing performance.

[0100] In some possible implementations, the back plate 7 is provided with a lead-out hole, which is used to lead out the conductive interconnection components (such as busbars, leads, etc.) in the assembly, so that the conductive interconnection components are connected to the junction box to lead out the current. A water-blocking structure is also provided at the lead-out hole, and the difference in water vapor permeability between the water-blocking structure and the water-blocking layer 3 is less than 0.5 g / (m 2 ·d), specifically 0, 0.01 g / (m 2 ·d)、0.05g / (m 2 ·d)、0.1g / (m 2 ·d)、0.2g / (m 2 ·d)、0.4g / (m 2 ·d)、0.5g / (m 2 ·d) etc. For example, the water-blocking structure of the lead-out hole can be butyl rubber, and the butyl rubber fills the lead-out hole and the area between the junction box and the back plate. In addition to setting the water-blocking structure at the edge of the photovoltaic module, the water-blocking structure is also set at the lead-out hole of the back plate. The water-blocking effect of the water-blocking structure is similar to that of the water-blocking layer 3, reducing the risk of water vapor entering the interior of the module from the lead-out hole, thereby improving the sealing and water-blocking performance of the module as a whole.

[0101] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 , the outer edge of the water blocking layer 3 is flush with the outer edges of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 .

[0102] When the above technical solution is adopted, the outer edge of the water blocking layer 3 is flush with the outer edge of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the edge space between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 can be filled to the maximum extent, so as to make full use of the edge area between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 for water blocking and sealing, and the flush setting is more conducive to the smooth bonding and fixing between the frame and the outer edges of the cover plate 6, the water blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7 compared to the concave, reducing the gap caused by the position difference between the water blocking layer 3 and the edges of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, thereby improving the sealing effect. The frame 1 is bonded and fixed to the edge of the component through the auxiliary water blocking layer 2.

[0103] In some embodiments, the outer edge of the water blocking layer 3 protrudes from the outer edge of the cover plate 6. In this case, the water blocking layer 3 can be ensured to have a sufficient width, and is conducive to the glue encapsulation and glue overflow effect between the cover plate 6, the water blocking layer 3, the back plate 7 and the frame.

[0104] like Figure 2 As shown, in some embodiments, on the basis that the water blocking layer 3 is located between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the photovoltaic module in this embodiment further includes an end water blocking tape 8, which is arranged on the periphery of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the water vapor permeability of the end water blocking tape 8 is greater than the water vapor permeability of the water blocking layer 3 and less than the water vapor permeability of the packaging film. In this way, the end water blocking tape 8 is wrapped and pasted on the periphery of the cover plate 6, the back plate 7 and the water blocking layer 3, and the water blocking structure composed of the end water blocking tape 8, the water blocking layer 3 and the packaging film 4 from the outside to the inside, the water vapor permeability changes in a step-like non-linear manner, which can further improve the water blocking and sealing performance.

[0105] For example, the end water-blocking tape 8 may be an aluminum foil tape. An aluminum foil tape is generally a tape containing an aluminum layer. The water vapor transmission rate of the aluminum foil tape is less than or equal to 0.1 g / (m 2 d), the cross section of the aluminum foil tape can be C-shaped, the two ends of the aluminum foil tape are respectively bonded to the upper surface edge of the cover plate 6 and the lower surface edge of the back plate 7, and the middle part is bonded to the side of the stacked cover plate 6, the water blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7. The bonding force between the aluminum foil tape and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 is greater than or equal to 5N / cm, so that the aluminum foil tape is firmly bonded. The width of the end of the aluminum foil tape bonded to the cover plate is greater than or equal to 3mm to ensure the firmness of the bonding.

[0106] In some embodiments, the photovoltaic module also includes a frame and an auxiliary water-blocking layer, and the frame is fixed to the periphery of the cover plate and the back plate through the auxiliary water-blocking layer; along the side of the frame to the center of the battery pack, the auxiliary water-blocking layer, the water-blocking layer and the packaging film are arranged in sequence and the water vapor permeability of the three first decreases and then increases, and the water vapor permeability of the packaging film is lower than that of the auxiliary water-blocking layer.

[0107] Exemplarily, the frame 1 is surrounded by the outer periphery of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the frame 1 has a card slot, and the frame 1 is surrounded by the edge of the laminate composed of the cover plate 6, the back plate 7, the battery pack 5, the packaging film 4, the water-blocking layer 3, and the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 through the card slot. The frame 1 includes an A surface, a B surface, and a C surface, wherein the A surface is the top of the frame 1, the B surface is the side of the frame 1, and the C surface is the bottom of the frame 1. The A surface and the C surface are connected through the B surface, and the A surface is arranged on the surface edge of the cover plate 6, and the B surface is arranged opposite to the outer peripheral side surface of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7; along the direction from the B surface of the frame 1 to the center of the battery pack 5, the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2, the water-blocking layer 3, and the packaging film 4 are sequentially arranged between the B surface of the frame 1 and the edge of the battery pack 5; wherein the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer 3 is less than the water vapor permeability of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 and the packaging film 4. For example, the cross-sectional shape of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 is C-shaped, and the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 covers the surface edges and sides of the cover plate 6, the water-blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7. The C-shaped auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 can wrap and seal the upper and lower surfaces and sides of the edge of the photovoltaic module, improve the sealing and water-blocking performance, and can improve the reliability and sealing of the bonding and fixing of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 to the frame 1. Of course, the cross-sectional shape of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 can also be other shapes, for example, L-shaped, I-shaped, etc., that is, only covering the side, or covering the upper surface and three side surfaces of the cover plate 6, or covering the lower surface and three side surfaces of the back plate, as long as it can be bonded to the frame 1 and serve as a layer of water-blocking structure.

[0108] An auxiliary water-blocking layer 2, a water-blocking layer 3 and a packaging film 4 are sequentially arranged between the B surface of the frame 1 and the battery pack 5. From the outside to the inside, the water vapor permeability first decreases and then increases. The smaller the water vapor permeability, the better the water-blocking effect. Compared with the existing photovoltaic modules, the edge of the photovoltaic module in the present application is water-blocking and sealed through a three-layer structure, wherein the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer 3 is the lowest and the water-blocking effect is the best. The auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 located on the outer layer is first used to block a part of the water vapor from passing through, and then the main water-blocking effect is achieved through the water-blocking layer 3 with the lowest water vapor permeability. Finally, the innermost packaging film 4 is used for water-blocking and sealing, which improves the water-blocking effect and can effectively prevent water vapor from penetrating into the interior of the photovoltaic module, thereby reducing the performance impact on the non-pure silver slurry electrode, ensuring the reliability of the electrode on the battery cell, and achieving the purpose of cost reduction.

[0109] In some embodiments, the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 includes silica gel. The auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 is made of silica gel, and the frame 1 can be sealed by silica gel bonding to surround the edge of the photovoltaic module, while achieving a certain water-blocking effect. The water vapor permeability of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 is greater than the water vapor permeability of the encapsulation film 4, and can effectively block part of the water vapor from passing through in the three-layer water-blocking structure, thereby improving the water-blocking effect.

[0110] In some embodiments, Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, in the direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the cover plate 6, the orthographic projection of the frame 1 covers the orthographic projection of the water blocking layer 3. In this way, the non-transparent water blocking layer 3, such as black or gray, can be shielded by the A surface of the frame 1, that is, the top surface, to improve the appearance of the photovoltaic module.

[0111] In some embodiments, the auxiliary water blocking layer covers the outer side of the water blocking layer. One side of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 is bonded and fixed to the frame 1, and the other side is bonded and fixed to the outer edge of the stacked cover plate 6, water blocking layer 3 and back plate 7, which can protect the water blocking layer.

[0112] In some embodiments, an end water-blocking tape 8 is provided between the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 and the side of the cover plate 6. At this time, the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 and the end water-blocking tape 8 are combined and superimposed with the packaging film 4, which improves the water-blocking performance and facilitates the repair of the end water-blocking tape 8.

[0113] When the cross-section of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 is C-shaped, the width of the two ends of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 covering the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 is greater than the width of the aluminum foil tape bonded to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, that is, the width of the card slot of the frame 1 is greater than the width of the aluminum foil tape bonded to the cover plate 6, so that the frame 1 is bonded to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 through the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2, avoiding the card slot of the frame 1 only bonding to the aluminum foil tape, so as to prevent the frame from falling off.

[0114] like Figure 3 As shown, in some possible implementations, another water-blocking layer 3 is provided, which is located on the outside of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and is not arranged between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. The cross section of the water-blocking layer 3 is C-shaped. The water-blocking layer 3 is an aluminum foil tape. In this way, the C-shaped water-blocking layer 3 is wrapped around the outside of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the water-blocking layer 3 is made of aluminum foil tape. The two ends of the aluminum foil tape are respectively bonded to the upper surface edge of the cover plate 6 and the lower surface edge of the back plate 7, and the middle part of the aluminum foil tape is bonded to the side of the stacked cover plate 6, the water-blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7. The aluminum foil tape is separated from the edge of the battery pack 5 by a packaging film 4, and the water vapor permeability of the aluminum foil tape is less than or equal to 0.1g / (m 2 d), which is much lower than the water vapor permeability of the encapsulation film 4. The water-blocking layer 3 of this structure can also improve the water-blocking and sealing performance. The water-blocking layer 3 is located outside the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, which can reduce the space occupied between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, increase the area share of the battery group 5, and improve the power generation efficiency per unit area of ​​the photovoltaic module.

[0115] Of course, the cross-section of the aluminum foil tape can also be L-shaped, I-shaped, etc., that is, the aluminum foil tape covers the upper surface edge of the cover plate 6 and the side of the laminate, or the aluminum foil tape covers the lower surface edge of the back plate 7 and the side of the laminate, or the aluminum foil tape covers the side of the laminate, as long as it can prevent water vapor from entering between the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7.

[0116] like Figure 3 As shown, in some embodiments, when the water-blocking layer 3 is disposed on the outer sides of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the outer side of the water-blocking layer is fixed to the frame through the auxiliary water-blocking layer, on a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module and perpendicular to one side of the photovoltaic module, the cross-sectional shape of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 is C-shaped, the middle part of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 is bonded to the water-blocking layer 3, and the two ends of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 are respectively bonded to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. In this way, on the basis that the water blocking layer 3 is located outside the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 is a C-shaped structure, wrapped outside the water blocking layer 3, and the two ends of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 are at least bonded to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, that is, while the two ends of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 are bonded to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, they can also be bonded to the two ends of the C-shaped water blocking layer 3. Since the bonding force between the auxiliary water blocking layer 2, such as silica gel and the aluminum foil tape, is less than the bonding force between silica gel and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the frame can be prevented from falling off by bonding silica gel at least to the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7. The auxiliary water blocking layer 2 improves the fixing effect of the water blocking layer 3 outside the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and it is not easy to fall off.

[0117] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is arranged on the outside of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and the frame 1 is fixed to the outside of the water blocking layer 3 through the auxiliary water blocking layer 2, the width of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 and the cover plate 6 is 5mm-10mm. Specifically, it can be 5mm, 6mm, 7mm, 8mm, 9mm, 10mm, etc., then the width of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 covering the cover plate 6 is greater than the width of the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6. At this time, it can be ensured that the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 with the installation fixing function and the water blocking function has a sufficient fixing width and bonding area with the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, so as to reduce the risk of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 and the frame 1 falling off. If the width of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 and the cover plate 6 is less than 5mm, the bonding effect of the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 and the cover plate 6 and the fixing effect of the frame 1 are not good. If the width is greater than 10mm, the auxiliary water blocking layer 2 increases the shielding of the light receiving area of ​​the battery, and the material cost is increased.

[0118] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is disposed on the outside of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the width of the water blocking layer 3 and the front of the cover plate 6 and the back of the back plate 7 are bonded to each other in a range of 2 mm to 5 mm, specifically 2 mm, 3 mm, 4 mm, 5 mm, etc. The width of the water blocking layer 3 on the front of the cover plate 6 and the width of the water blocking layer 3 on the back of the back plate 7 can be the same or different. When they are the same, the bonding force at both ends of the water blocking layer 3 can be more balanced. When they are different, the width of the water blocking layer 3 and the back plate 7 can be wider, thereby improving the bonding firmness and not affecting the light receiving of the front side. Moreover, under the above bonding width, the water blocking layer 3 can better cover the sides of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, and be bonded and fixed to both. When the width of the bonding between the water-blocking layer 3 and the front side of the cover plate 6 and / or the back side of the back plate 7 is less than 2 mm, the bonding width of the water-blocking layer 3 is too small and the fixing effect of the water-blocking layer 3 is poor. When the width is greater than 5 mm, it is easy to block the light-receiving area of ​​the battery and affect the bonding effect of the auxiliary water-blocking layer 2 with the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, thereby increasing the material cost.

[0119] In some embodiments, when the water blocking layer 3 is disposed on the outside of the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, the adhesive force between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 is greater than or equal to 5N / cm, and the adhesive force can be specifically 5N / cm, 10N / cm, 20N / cm, 30N / cm, 40N / cm, etc. When the above technical solution is adopted, the adhesive force between the water blocking layer 3 and the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7 is greater than or equal to 5N / cm, which ensures good adhesive fixing performance.

[0120] Exemplarily, when the water-blocking layer 3 is an aluminum foil tape, the width of the aluminum foil tape cut during preparation needs to satisfy the following conditions: the cutting width of the aluminum foil tape > the thickness of the cover plate + the thickness of the back plate + the bonding width of the aluminum foil tape to the cover plate + the bonding width of the aluminum foil tape to the back plate, and the cutting width of the aluminum foil tape < the width of the frame slot · 2 + the thickness of the cover plate + the thickness of the back plate. If the cutting width of the aluminum foil tape is larger, the frame 1 will directly contact the aluminum foil tape, and will not contact the cover plate 6 and the back plate 7, which will cause risks such as frame detachment.

[0121] Based on the photovoltaic components described in any of the above embodiments, an embodiment of the present invention further provides a photovoltaic system, including the photovoltaic components described in any of the above embodiments. Since the photovoltaic system adopts the photovoltaic components in the above embodiments, the photovoltaic system has the same beneficial effects as the photovoltaic components, which will not be elaborated.

[0122] In the description of the above embodiments, specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

[0123] The above is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or substitutions within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: include: A cover plate and a back plate arranged opposite to each other; A battery pack, disposed between the cover plate and the back plate; Packaging film, the battery pack is fixed to the cover plate and the back plate through the packaging film; and a water-blocking layer disposed on the outer side of the packaging film; The water vapor permeability of the water barrier layer is lower than that of the packaging film, and in a direction from the water barrier layer to the packaging film, the size of the water barrier layer is smaller than that of the packaging film.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.12 g / (m 2 ·d).

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: A. The water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.03 g / (m 2 d); B. The water-blocking layer comprises butyl rubber, and the encapsulating film comprises EVA; C. In the direction from the water-blocking layer to the packaging film, the size of the water-blocking layer is less than or equal to 0.1 times the size of the packaging film.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, the packaging film wraps the surface of the battery included in the battery pack, and the packaging film is located between the battery and the water-blocking layer.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer and the packaging film at least meet one of the following conditions: D. The water-blocking layer is in contact with the encapsulating film and the peeling force between the two is less than or equal to 5N / cm; E. There are gaps or holes between the water-blocking layer and the packaging film.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The melting point of the water-blocking layer is lower than the melting point of the packaging film.

7. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate. In the width direction of the water blocking layer, more than 70% of the width area of ​​the water blocking layer from the outside to the inside is in direct contact with the cover plate and / or the back plate.

8. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; The overlapping width of the orthographic projection of the water-blocking layer on the cover plate and the orthographic projection of the packaging film on the cover plate is 0-1mm; the overlapping width of the orthographic projection of the water-blocking layer on the back plate and the orthographic projection of the packaging film on the back plate is 0-1mm.

9. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: F. The width of the water-blocking layer is 3 mm to 16 mm; G. The difference between the width of the water-blocking layer at the first position and the width of the water-blocking layer at the second position is less than or equal to 40% of the larger width of the two.

10. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer is bonded to the cover plate and the back plate, and there are no holes with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate, and the water-blocking layer has no holes with a diameter greater than or equal to 0.5 mm.

11. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: H. The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate; the bonding force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate is greater than the bonding force between the encapsulating film and the cover plate; the bonding force between the water-blocking layer and the back plate is greater than the bonding force between the encapsulating film and the back plate; I. The water-blocking layer is located between the cover plate and the back plate, and the peeling force between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate is greater than or equal to 200 N / cm; J. The hardness of the water-blocking layer is greater than the hardness of the packaging film.

12. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer is arranged in the surrounding area between the cover plate and the back plate, and the packaging film is arranged between the cover plate and the back plate and is located in the area surrounded by the water-blocking layer.

13. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module also includes a water-blocking reinforcement layer; the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking reinforcement layer is lower than the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer, and the water-blocking reinforcement layer is arranged at least one of the following locations: between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate, between the water-blocking layer and the back plate, and on the side of the water-blocking layer away from the battery pack.

14. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: The outer edge of the water blocking layer is flush with the outer edge of the cover plate or the outer edge of the water blocking layer protrudes from the outer edge of the cover plate.

15. The photovoltaic module according to claim 12, characterized in that: The outer peripheries of the cover plate and the back plate are also provided with end water-blocking tapes, and the water vapor permeability of the end water-blocking tapes is greater than the water vapor permeability of the water-blocking layer and less than the water vapor permeability of the packaging film.

16. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The back plate is provided with an outlet hole, and a water-blocking structure is also provided at the outlet hole, and the difference in water vapor permeability between the water-blocking structure and the water-blocking layer is less than 0.5 g / (m 2 ·d).

17. The photovoltaic module according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module also includes a frame and an auxiliary water-blocking layer, wherein the frame is fixedly arranged on the periphery of the cover plate and the back plate through the auxiliary water-blocking layer; along the direction from the side of the frame to the center of the battery pack, the auxiliary water-blocking layer, the water-blocking layer and the packaging film are arranged in sequence, and the water vapor permeability of the three first decreases and then increases, and the water vapor permeability of the packaging film is less than the water vapor permeability of the auxiliary water-blocking layer.

18. The photovoltaic module according to claim 17, characterized in that: The photovoltaic module meets at least one of the following conditions: K. In a direction perpendicular to the upper surface of the cover plate, the orthographic projection of the frame covers the orthographic projection of the water-blocking layer; L. The auxiliary water-blocking layer covers the outer side of the water-blocking layer; M. An end water-blocking tape is provided between the auxiliary water-blocking layer and the side surface of the cover plate.

19. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer is located outside the cover plate and the back plate; the water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: N. The cross section of the water-blocking layer is C-shaped; O. The water-blocking layer is an aluminum foil tape.

20. The photovoltaic module according to claim 19, characterized in that: The outer side of the water-blocking layer is fixed to the frame through the auxiliary water-blocking layer. On a cross section parallel to the thickness direction of the photovoltaic module and perpendicular to one side of the photovoltaic module, the cross-sectional shape of the auxiliary water-blocking layer is C-shaped, and the middle part of the auxiliary water-blocking layer is bonded to the water-blocking layer; the auxiliary water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: P. The two ends of the auxiliary water-blocking layer are bonded to the cover plate and the back plate respectively; Q. The width of the bonding between the auxiliary water-blocking layer and the cover plate is 5mm-10mm.

21. The photovoltaic module according to claim 19, characterized in that: The water-blocking layer satisfies at least one of the following conditions: R. The width of the water-blocking layer bonded to the front side of the cover plate and the back side of the back plate is 2 mm to 5 mm; S. The adhesion between the water-blocking layer and the cover plate and the back plate is greater than or equal to 5N / cm.

22. A photovoltaic system, characterized in that: A photovoltaic module comprising any one of claims 1-21.

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