Sheep feed based on silage tea leaf residues as well as preparation method and application of sheep feed

Abstract

The invention discloses sheep feed based on silage tea leaf residues as well as a preparation method and application of the sheep feed, and belongs to the technical field of Hu sheep feed. According to the sheep feed based on the silage tea leaf residues, the content of lignin in the tea leaf residues can be reduced through silage treatment, soluble sugar and tea polyphenols are released, and the adverse effects of harmful substances in the tea leaf residues are effectively removed or reduced; the silage tea leaf residues partially replace straw and rice straw, meanwhile, NCG is added, the silage tea leaf residues and the NCG can generate a synergistic effect, the ingestion desire, the nitrogen metabolism capability and the digestion performance of the Hu sheep can be remarkably improved, the growth performance and the slaughtering performance of the Hu sheep can be effectively promoted, then the total profit of the Hu sheep is increased, and good application prospects are achieved; the method is of great significance in realizing resource utilization of the tea leaf residues, increasing the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of Hu sheep feed, and in particular to a sheep feed based on silage tea residues, and a preparation method and application thereof. Background Art

[0002] Tea residue refers to the solid organic waste generated during the production, processing, sales and drinking of tea. These wastes mainly include discarded tea leaves after soaking and extraction during the deep processing of tea, unsalable rough and old tea produced during the sales process, and secondary tea produced during the processing process (accounting for about 10% of the total output of finished tea). my country is a major tea producer and consumer in the world, with tea production accounting for about 50% of the global total production. It is estimated that more than 1 million tons of tea residue are produced each year. Realizing the resource utilization of tea residue is of great significance to increasing the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution.

[0003] Tea residue contains many nutrients and medicinal ingredients, such as protein, fat, crude fiber, polysaccharides, tea polyphenols, tea saponins, vitamins, minerals, etc. These ingredients make tea residue have many potential uses and values. However, the various alkaloids such as theophylline and caffeine contained in tea residue will destroy the organic components of the soil, reduce soil fertility, and may also have adverse effects on the digestive system of animals. For example, Camellia chickens that eat tea residue will have nutritional imbalance and digestive problems. In addition, ingredients such as tea oil contained in tea residue will also have adverse effects on the digestive system of some animals.

[0004] Traditional roughage for Hu sheep mainly consists of corn stalks, silage corn, etc. Nowadays, some feeds are supplemented with Chinese herbal medicine or fermented products to improve their nutrition. For example, some technologies try to use Chinese medicine residues (such as Citrus aurantium, honeysuckle residue, etc.) instead of grass. So far, there are no reports of adding tea residues to Hu sheep feed.

[0005] Carbamylglutamate, abbreviated as NCG, is a nitrogen-containing organic compound with a structure similar to N-acetylglutamate (NAG). It can be used as a substitute to activate carbamyl phosphate synthetase and promote the endogenous synthesis of arginine. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a sheep feed based on silage tea residues and a preparation method and application thereof, so as to provide a Hu sheep feed with high feed conversion rate, low cost and effective improvement of the growth performance and slaughter performance of Hu sheep.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides a sheep feed based on silage tea residue, wherein the addition amount of silage tea residue is 8-12% of the total mass, the addition amount of carbamylglutamic acid is 0.07-0.2% of the total mass, the addition amount of yellow corn stalk is 22-26% of the total mass, and the addition amount of rice straw is 3-6% of the total mass; The sheep feed also includes the following components in percentage by mass: Tofu residue 9-13%, oats 9-13%, corn 13-18%, bran 9-13%, soybean meal 5-9%, rapeseed cake 2-6%, premix 0.6-1.2%, calcium bicarbonate 0.2-0.6%, salt 0.3-0.7%; The preparation method of silage tea residue is as follows: The tea residues are dried and crushed, and then cellulase is added for enzymatic hydrolysis. Then water, urea and molasses are added in sequence. After mixing evenly, a composite bacterial agent is inoculated and anaerobically fermented. After the fermentation is completed, the moisture content is adjusted to the storage standard.

[0008] Preferably, the sheep feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Corn stalks 24%, rice straw 6%, silage tea residues 10%, tofu residues 9.9%, oats 10%, corn 16%, bran 10%, soybean meal 8%, rapeseed cake 4%, premix 1.0%, calcium bicarbonate 0.5%, salt 0.5%, carbamylglutamate 0.10%.

[0009] Preferably, the premix contains the following components: VA 190000IU / kg, VE 900mg / kg, VD3 81000mg / kg, Se 16.6mg / kg, I 100mg / kg, Cu 600mg / kg, Mn 1582mg / kg, Zn 900.8mg / kg, and Co 40mg / kg.

[0010] Application of silage tea residue and carbamylglutamic acid in preparing sheep feed.

[0011] A method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue as described above comprises the following steps: S1. Prepare silage tea residues, dry and crush the tea residues, add cellulase for enzymolysis, then add urea and molasses in sequence, mix well and inoculate composite bacteria, and adjust the moisture content to the storage standard after anaerobic fermentation; S2, prepare concentrated feed, mix crushed oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, rapeseed cake and bean curd residue in proportion, add premix, calcium bicarbonate, salt, and finally add carbamylglutamic acid, stir and mix; S3, mix the crushed yellow corn stalks and rice straw, the silage tea residue prepared in S1, and the concentrated feed prepared in S2 according to the proportion.

[0012] Preferably, the mass ratio of the crushed tea residue in S1: cellulase, urea, molasses: composite bacterial agent is 100:0.5:2:1:5; the composite bacterial agent is compounded by Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:1.

[0013] Preferably, the cellulase enzymolysis in S1 is maintained at 40°C for 24 hours; and the anaerobic fermentation is maintained at 31.7°C for 5-7 days.

[0014] Application of the above-mentioned sheep feed based on silage tea residue in Hu sheep breeding.

[0015] Therefore, the present invention provides a sheep feed based on silage tea residues and a preparation method and application thereof, and its specific technical effects are as follows: (1) The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can reduce the content of lignin in the tea residue through silage treatment, release soluble sugars and tea polyphenols, and effectively remove or reduce the adverse effects of harmful substances in the tea residue; (2) The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention partially replaces straw and rice stalks with silage tea residue and adds NCG at the same time. The silage tea residue and NCG can produce a synergistic effect, which can significantly improve the feeding appetite, nitrogen metabolism ability and digestion performance of Hu sheep, effectively promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of Hu sheep, and thus improve the total profit of Hu sheep, and has good application prospects; (3) The sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention is of great significance for realizing resource utilization of tea residue, improving the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0016] The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.

[0017] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the present application clearer, more thorough and complete, the technical scheme of the present invention is clearly and completely described below by examples. The following detailed description is the description of the embodiments, and is intended to provide further detailed description of the present invention. Unless otherwise specified, all technical terms used in the present invention have the same meaning as those generally understood by those skilled in the art to which the present application belongs.

[0018] The Hu sheep used in the examples were purchased from Hangzhou Caiyang Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd.; conventional feed was prepared by referring to my country's "Meat Sheep Feeding Standards" (NY / T816-2016) and combining local actual production; NCG was purchased from Hubei Meiba New Materials Co., Ltd., in the form of white powder with an effective ingredient content of 95%; tea residues were purchased from Hangzhou Mingbao Biotechnology Co., Ltd.; Bacillus subtilis activity ≥ 20×10 9 CFU / g; Candida viability ≥8×10 9 CFU / mL (liquid inoculum); Aspergillus niger activity ≥ 1×10 9 Spores / g (spore suspension).

[0019] Embodiment 1 The specific steps for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue are as follows: (1) Preparation of silage tea residue: Dry the tea residue to a moisture content of 45%, take 150 kg, crush it to 2-3 mm, add 0.75 kg of cellulase (0.5% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), and pre-hydrolyze it at 40°C for 24 hours. After hydrolysis, add water to adjust the moisture content to 65%, add 3 kg of urea (2% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), 1.5 kg of molasses (1% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), mix well, inoculate 7.5 kg of composite bacterial agent (inoculation amount 5%, the composite bacterial agent is composed of Bacillus subtilis, Candida, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:1), and ferment it anaerobically at 31.7°C for 5 days, and control the pH value at 4.0-4.5. After fermentation, air it to a moisture content of 15%.

[0020] (2) Preparation of concentrated feed: Dry the tofu residue naturally to a moisture content of 10%, dry and crush oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, and rapeseed cake to 2-3 mm, and pass carbamoylglutamic acid through a 60-mesh sieve. Mix 16.50% tofu residue, 16.67% oats, 26.67% corn, 16.67% bran, 13.33% soybean meal, and 6.67% rapeseed cake, then add 1.66% premix, 0.83% calcium bicarbonate, 0.83% salt, and finally add 0.17% carbamoylglutamic acid (NCG), stir to ensure that the NCG is evenly mixed, and then seal and store.

[0021] (3) Preparation of sheep feed: Dry the yellow corn stalks and rice straw to a moisture content of 15% and crush them into 2-3 cm. Evenly mix the yellow corn stalks, rice straw, silage tea residue and concentrated feed in a ratio of 24%, 6%, 10% and 60% and set aside.

[0022] Embodiment 2 Preparation of Huyang Feed 2, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of concentrated feed: Dry the tofu residue to a moisture content of 10%, dry and crush oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, and rapeseed cake to 2-3 mm, and pass carbamoylglutamic acid through a 60-mesh sieve. Mix 16.50% tofu residue, 16.67% oats, 26.67% corn, 16.67% bran, 13.33% soybean meal, and 6.67% rapeseed cake, then add 1.66% premix, 0.83% calcium bicarbonate, 0.83% salt, and finally 0.17% NCG. Stir for 10 minutes to ensure that NCG is evenly distributed, then seal and store.

[0023] (2) Preparation of sheep feed: Take the yellow corn stalks and rice straw that have been dried to a moisture content of 15% and crush them into 2-3 cm; mix the yellow corn stalks, rice straw and concentrated feed in the proportion of 25%, 15% and 60% and use.

[0024] Embodiment 3 Preparation of Huyang Feed 3, the specific steps are as follows: (1) Preparation of silage tea residue: Dry the tea residue to a moisture content of 45%, take 150 kg, crush it to 2-3 mm, add 0.75 kg of cellulase (0.5% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), and pre-hydrolyze it at 40°C for 24 hours. After hydrolysis, add water to adjust the moisture content to 65%, add 3 kg of urea (2% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), 1.5 kg of molasses (1% of the weight of the tea residue with a moisture content of 45%), mix well, inoculate 7.5 kg of composite bacterial agent (inoculation amount 5%, composed of Bacillus subtilis, Candida, and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:1), and ferment it anaerobically at 31.7°C for 5 days, controlling the pH value at 4.0-4.5. After fermentation, dry it in the sun until the moisture content is 15%.

[0025] (2) Preparation of concentrated feed: Dry the tofu residue naturally to a moisture content of 10%, and dry and crush the oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, and rapeseed cake to 2-3 mm. Mix them in a ratio of 16.67% tofu residue, 16.67% oats, 26.67% corn, 16.67% bran, 13.33% soybean meal, and 6.67% rapeseed cake, then add 1.66% premix, 0.83% calcium bicarbonate, and 0.83% salt, stir for 10 minutes to ensure that all components are evenly distributed, and then seal and store.

[0026] (3) Preparation of sheep feed: Take the dried corn stalks and rice straw that have been dried to a moisture content of 15% and crush them into 2-3 cm pieces. Mix the dried corn stalks, rice straw, silage tea residue and concentrated feed in the proportions of 24%, 6%, 10% and 60% and use.

[0027] Embodiment 4 The effects of the sheep feed prepared in Examples 1 to 3 on the growth of Hu sheep were investigated, as follows: 24 healthy 3-month-old Hu sheep male lambs with an average weight of (25.00±0.5) kg were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups, each with 6 male Hu sheep, and the experiment was carried out in Changhua Town, Lin'an District, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province. One group was fed with conventional feed (recorded as the control group), one group was fed with the sheep feed based on silage tea residue prepared in Example 1 (recorded as Experimental Group 1), one group was fed with Hu sheep feed 2 (recorded as Experimental Group 2), and the last group was fed with Hu sheep feed 3 (recorded as Experimental Group 3). The composition of the experimental feed is shown in Table 1, and the nutritional level of the experimental feed is shown in Table 2.

[0028] Table 1 ; Table 2 ; 1) It means that each kilogram of premix also contains: VA 190000 IU, VE 900 mg, VD3 81000 mg, Se 16.6 mg, I 100 mg, Cu 600 mg, Mn 1582 mg, Zn 900.8 mg, and Co 40 mg.

[0029] Each group of experimental sheep was raised in a semi-open sheep house. Before the start of the experiment, the pens were disinfected, dewormed and immunized according to routine procedures to ensure good ventilation and free drinking water.

[0030] (1) First, a 4-day pre-feeding period was carried out, during which regular feed was fed at 8:00 and 16:00 every day to allow the sheep to adapt to the environment. After the pre-feeding period, there was a 56-day formal test period. The fasting body weight of each group of sheep was weighed and recorded at 8:00 on the 0th day and the 57th day of the formal test period. During the formal test period, each group of sheep was fed the corresponding feed twice a day at 8:00 and 16:00. The daily feeding amount was adjusted according to the amount of leftover feed from the previous day, so that there was a small amount of leftover feed in the trough every day to ensure the weight gain and satiety of the sheep. The feeding amount and leftover feed were weighed and recorded every day. The statistical results are shown in Table 3.

[0031] Table 3 ; It can be seen from Table 3 that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly increase the daily feed intake of Hu sheep ( P <0.05, and significantly increased the daily weight gain of Hu sheep ( P <0.05), indicating that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention not only improves the feeding appetite of Hu sheep, but also effectively promotes the growth performance of Hu sheep.

[0032] (2) After weighing, three sheep were randomly selected from each group and fasted for 24 hours and deprived of water for 12 hours before being slaughtered. After bleeding, the slaughter performance-related indicators were measured: Carcass weight (kg): After slaughtering the animal and bleeding it, keep the lard and kidneys, remove the head, hooves, viscera, fur, and lymph, and weigh it after leaving it for 30 minutes.

[0033] Back fat thickness (mm): Use a vernier caliper to measure the thickness of the fat layer between the 12th and 13th ribs, just above the middle of the eye muscle.

[0034] Eye muscle area: Use sulfuric acid paper to draw the outline of the cross section of the eye muscle on the spine between the 12th and 13th ribs on the back, and use the following formula to calculate the eye muscle area: Eye muscle area (cm 2 ) = length × width × 0.7 The results of the slaughter performance related indicators are shown in Table 4.

[0035] Table 4 ; It can be seen from Table 4 that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly increase the carcass weight of Hu sheep ( P <0.05), and there were no significant differences in live weight, backfat thickness, eye muscle area and slaughter rate before slaughter compared with the control group, indicating that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can improve the slaughter performance of Hu sheep.

[0036] (3) The remaining Hu sheep in each group were transferred to metabolic cages for digestion and metabolism experiments. Feed was provided at 08:00 and 16:00 every day during the experiment. The amount of feed and leftover feed for each sheep was recorded every day to determine the daily dry matter intake. The actual feces discharge was collected and recorded using the full feces collection method. Feces were collected and weighed once every 12 hours. Samples were collected at 10% of the actual discharge, and 10% dilute sulfuric acid was added to fix nitrogen at 10% of the feces weight. The feces samples of each sheep for 3 days were mixed and frozen at -20°C for later inspection and analysis. At the same time, feed samples were taken for subsequent component determination.

[0037] Referring to the book "Feed Analysis and Feed Quality Testing Technology" compiled by Zhang Liying, the neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and other conventional nutrients in the samples were determined, and the following formula was used to calculate the effects of Hu sheep on nitrogen metabolic rate and nutrient apparent digestibility. The results of the investigation on the effect on nitrogen metabolic rate are shown in Table 5, and the effect on nutrient apparent digestibility is shown in Table 6.

[0038] Intake of nitrogen = nitrogen content in feed (%) × daily feed intake (g / d) × (1 / 100); Fecal nitrogen = nitrogen content in fecal sample (%) × daily fecal excretion (g / d) × (1 / 100); Urine nitrogen = nitrogen concentration in urine (g / L) × daily urine output (L / d); Apparent digestible nitrogen = ingested nitrogen - fecal nitrogen; Apparent digestibility of nitrogen = ingested nitrogen / apparent digestible nitrogen × 100%; Nitrogen deposition = ingested nitrogen - (fecal nitrogen + urine nitrogen); Nitrogen deposition rate = ingested nitrogen / nitrogen deposition × 100%; Table 5 ; Table 6 ; It can be seen from Table 5 that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly increase the daily nitrogen deposition amount and nitrogen deposition rate of Hu sheep ( P <0.05), indicating that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can improve the nitrogen metabolism capacity of Hu sheep.

[0039] It can be seen from Table 6 that the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention can significantly improve the dry matter digestibility of Hu sheep ( P <0.05), improving the digestive performance of Hu sheep.

[0040] (4) The total profit of each Hu sheep is calculated using the following formula: Weight gain benefit = weight gain × live sheep price; Profit = weight gain - feed cost - other costs.

[0041] The results are shown in Table 7.

[0042] Table 7 ; Note: Other expenses include labor costs and drug costs, calculated at an average of 0.62 yuan per day.

[0043] It can be seen from the data in Table 7 that, for the Hu sheep group fed with the sheep feed based on silage tea residue provided by the present invention, although the feed cost increased due to the increase in daily feed intake, the weight gain income after Hu sheep breeding was increased due to the increase in the average total weight gain of the group, thereby improving the total profit.

[0044] Therefore, the sheep feed based on silage tea residues provided by the present invention can reduce the content of lignin in the tea residues through silage treatment, release soluble sugars and tea polyphenols, and effectively remove or reduce the adverse effects of harmful substances in the tea residues; by partially replacing straw and rice stalks with silage tea residues and adding NCG at the same time, the silage tea residues and NCG can produce a synergistic effect, which can significantly improve the feeding appetite, nitrogen metabolism ability, and digestion performance of the Hu sheep, effectively promote the growth performance and slaughter performance of the Hu sheep, and then improve the total profit of the Hu sheep, and has good application prospects; it is of great significance for realizing the resource utilization of tea residues, enhancing the economic added value of the tea industry and avoiding environmental pollution.

[0045] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify or replace the technical solution of the present invention with equivalents, and these modifications or equivalent replacements cannot cause the modified technical solution to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sheep feed based on silage tea residue, characterized in that: The addition amount of silage tea residue is 8-12% of the total mass, the addition amount of carbamylglutamic acid is 0.07-0.2% of the total mass, the addition amount of yellow corn stalk is 22-26% of the total mass, and the addition amount of rice straw is 3-6% of the total mass; The sheep feed also includes the following components in percentage by mass: Tofu residue 9-13%, oats 9-13%, corn 13-18%, bran 9-13%, soybean meal 5-9%, rapeseed cake 2-6%, premix 0.6-1.2%, calcium bicarbonate 0.2-0.6%, salt 0.3-0.7%; The preparation method of silage tea residue is as follows: The tea residues are dried and crushed, and then cellulase is added for enzymatic hydrolysis. Then water, urea and molasses are added in sequence. After mixing evenly, a composite bacterial agent is inoculated and anaerobically fermented. After the fermentation is completed, the moisture content is adjusted to the storage standard.

2. The sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sheep feed comprises the following components in percentage by mass: Corn stalks 24%, rice straw 6%, silage tea residues 10%, tofu residues 9.9%, oats 10%, corn 16%, bran 10%, soybean meal 8%, rapeseed cake 4%, premix 1.0%, calcium bicarbonate 0.5%, salt 0.5%, carbamylglutamate 0.10%.

3. A sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The premix contains the following components: VA 190000 IU / kg, VE 900 mg / kg, VD3 81000 mg / kg, Se 16.6 mg / kg, I 100 mg / kg, Cu 600 mg / kg, Mn 1582 mg / kg, Zn 900.8 mg / kg, and Co 40 mg / kg.

4. Application of silage tea residue and carbamylglutamic acid in the preparation of sheep feed.

5. A method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residues according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Prepare silage tea residues, dry and crush the tea residues, add cellulase for enzymolysis, then add urea and molasses in sequence, mix well and inoculate composite bacteria, and adjust the moisture content to the storage standard after anaerobic fermentation; S2, prepare concentrated feed, mix crushed oats, corn, bran, soybean meal, rapeseed cake and bean curd residue in proportion, add premix, calcium bicarbonate, salt, and finally add carbamylglutamic acid, stir and mix; S3, mix the crushed yellow corn stalks and rice straw, the silage tea residue prepared in S1, and the concentrated feed prepared in S2 according to the proportion.

6. The method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the crushed tea residue in S1: cellulase, urea, molasses: composite bacterial agent is 100:0.5:2:1:5; the composite bacterial agent is prepared by compounding Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger in a mass ratio of 2:1:

1.

7. The method for preparing sheep feed based on silage tea residue according to claim 5, characterized in that: In S1, the cellulase enzymatic hydrolysis was maintained at 40°C for 24 hours; and the anaerobic fermentation was maintained at 31.7°C for 5-7 days.

8. Use of the sheep feed based on silage tea residue as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 in Hu sheep breeding.