Self-adaptive multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism capable of resisting vertical impact and helmet

Abstract

The invention relates to a self-adaptive multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism capable of resisting vertical impact and a helmet. Comprising a pressure-torsion buffering module and a self-adaptive airflow impact buffering module. The self-adaptive airflow impact buffering module comprises a deformation regulation and control airflow valve and a flower type airflow impact pressure buffering pad, a plurality of protruding blocks are evenly distributed on the lower surface of the deformation regulation and control airflow valve, and the flower type airflow impact pressure buffering pad comprises a middle large air cavity and edge petal-shaped small air cavities; when being subjected to vertical impact, the compression-torsion buffering module converts compression deformation into torsion deformation, and the compression-torsion coupling effect is achieved; the pattern airflow impacts the reciprocating flow between the airflow in the small air cavity and the airflow in the large air cavity of the pressure buffering pad, so that the vertical impact is weakened twice; the deformation regulation and control air flow valve not only absorbs energy and buffers, but also strengthens the first weakening effect of the flower type air flow impact pressure buffering pad on the vertical impact. An energy absorption and dissipation system which is wide in range, high in efficiency and high in stability is constructed, and the protection performance under severe vertical impact is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of passive safety protection, and in particular relates to an adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism and a helmet capable of resisting vertical impact. Background Art

[0002] In modern asymmetric combat environments, vehicles face a series of severe security challenges, among which the threat posed by explosives under the vehicle, such as IEDs (Improvised Explosive Devices), is particularly prominent. The explosion of explosives instantly generates a huge shock wave acting on the bottom deck of the vehicle, causing the bottom deck to bulge and deform rapidly and in large quantities, and also transmits extremely high impact acceleration to the vehicle body, causing a large displacement of the passenger seat, resulting in a violent collision between the passenger helmet and the roof structure, which will produce a severe vertical impact.

[0003] The mainstream design of existing protective helmets mainly focuses on improving ballistic performance. Among them, the top lining of the helmet, as a key component to limit excessive movement of the head, is made of materials with poor elasticity and a simple structure. When subjected to the above-mentioned severe vertical impact, it will exert huge downward pressure on the top of the occupant's head and cannot play a good cushioning role, thereby greatly increasing the risk of damage to the head and neck.

[0004] In view of the above problems, it is extremely necessary to develop a protective structure that can provide excellent buffering and energy absorption effect, maintain stable structural deformation and have the ability to be reused under severe vertical impact, so as to further improve the safety protection performance of the helmet on the occupant's head and neck under severe vertical impact. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide an adaptive multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism and a helmet that can resist vertical impact. Through the cooperation of the multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism, a wide-range, high-efficiency and highly stable energy absorption and dissipation system is constructed, thereby ensuring that the occupant's head and neck can be extremely protected under severe vertical impact.

[0006] The technical solution to achieve the purpose of the present invention is: an adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact, comprising a compression-torsion buffer module at the bottom and an adaptive airflow impact buffer module located on the compression-torsion buffer module;

[0007] The adaptive airflow impact buffer module includes a deformation regulating airflow valve and a flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad. A plurality of convex blocks are evenly distributed on the outer periphery of the lower surface of the deformation regulating airflow valve. The flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad includes a large air cavity in the middle and a petal-shaped small air cavity at the edge. After assembly, a small air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad is located between two adjacent convex blocks of the deformation regulating airflow valve.

[0008] When subjected to vertical impact, the compression-twist buffer module converts compression deformation into torsional deformation, realizing the compression-twist coupling effect so that the impact energy is converted into torsional deformation energy; at the same time, the compression-twist buffer module squeezes the deformation regulating airflow valve and the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad upward, and the small air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad is pressurized, and the internal gas is squeezed out and impacts the center of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad along the guide structure, colliding and confronting with the central area of ​​the upward-moving compression-twist buffer module, thereby achieving the first weakening of the vertical impact; with the continuous squeezing of the compression-twist buffer module, the airflow in the center of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad is squeezed back into the small air cavity, causing the small air cavity to expand, generating a reaction force on the edge of the compression-twist buffer module, thereby achieving the secondary weakening of the vertical impact; while the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad is under pressure, the convex block of the deformation regulating airflow valve undergoes lateral deformation, which not only absorbs energy through elastic deformation but also squeezes the side wall of the small air cavity, reduces the cross-sectional area of ​​the air outlet, intensifies the squeezing deformation, increases the velocity of the jet airflow, and strengthens the effect of the first weakening of the vertical impact.

[0009] Furthermore, the compression-torsion buffer module is integrally formed of resin and is composed of a lower circular plate, a plurality of torsion bars and a special-shaped upper circular plate;

[0010] The lower annular plate has an outer diameter of D1 and an inner diameter of d1;

[0011] The outer diameter of the special-shaped upper circular plate is D1, the lower end is a plane, the middle of the upper end structure presents an arc-shaped concave with a diameter of d1 and a maximum depth of h1 less than the thickness of the special-shaped upper circular plate, and the edge presents an undulating stepped terrace. The groove of the stepped terrace of the special-shaped upper circular plate is used to cooperate with the convex block on the lower surface of the deformation regulating airflow valve, and the convexity of the stepped terrace of the special-shaped upper circular plate matches the shape of multiple petal-shaped small air cavities of the flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure relief pad;

[0012] The torsion bar is tilted between the lower circular plate and the special-shaped upper circular plate. The axis of the torsion bar intersects the lower circular plate and the special-shaped upper circular plate on an intermediate circle with a diameter of d2, d2 = (D1 + d1) / 2, the angle between the torsion bar and the lower circular plate is 45° ± 15°, and the torsion bars are evenly distributed along the circular ring with consistent rotation direction.

[0013] Furthermore, the compression-torsion buffer module adopts PP synthetic resin.

[0014] Furthermore, the adaptive airflow impact buffer module also includes a slowly variable Pozidrivium support plate and a deformation control ring;

[0015] The deformation regulating airflow valve is made of rubber, is annular in shape from top view, has a diameter of D1, and has an arc surface or a plane at the top. A through hole with a diameter of d1 is opened in the center of the deformation regulating airflow valve, and a plurality of protrusions with a height of h2 are arranged on the outer periphery of the lower end. The lower bottom surface of the protrusion matches with the groove of the terrace surface on the upper end surface of the special-shaped upper circular plate, and is connected by gluing.

[0016] The material of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-relief pad is rubber, and the overall shape is flower-shaped, with a maximum diameter of D1, and a hollow interior, forming a connecting structure of several "petal" small air cavities on the edge and a large air cavity in the middle. The lower surface of the "petal" small air cavity matches the protrusion of the terrace surface on the upper end surface of the special-shaped upper circular plate, and the upper surface of the middle large air cavity is a concave arc surface with a diameter of d2 and a maximum height of h1. The lower surface is parallel to the upper surface, forming a gas flow guiding structure. The flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-relief pad is sandwiched between the deformation regulating airflow valve and the special-shaped upper circular plate;

[0017] The deformation control ring is sleeved on the side outer wall of the deformation regulating airflow valve by gluing, and is used to suppress the deformation of the deformation regulating airflow valve and the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-reducing pad in the radial direction;

[0018] The slowly changing cross-shaped support plate is placed above the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad. A cross-shaped cutout is opened in the middle of the bottom surface of the slowly changing cross-shaped support plate to release the top space when the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad below is over-squeezed, thereby playing an overload protection role.

[0019] Furthermore, the deformation regulating airflow valve and the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure relief pad are made of polyurethane rubber, each protrusion of the deformation regulating airflow valve is provided with two holes on one side close to the central through hole, and a deformation inducing groove is provided in the middle section of the side wall of each hole.

[0020] Furthermore, the deformation control ring is made of stainless steel, the ring height is h3, h3=1.3*h2, and the inner diameter is D2, D2=0.9*D1.

[0021] Furthermore, the slowly changing cross-shaped support plate is made of PP synthetic resin, the upper section is a cylindrical surface with an outer diameter of d1, and the lower section is an outward convex arc surface, which fits the upper surface of the large air cavity in the middle of the flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure relief pad.

[0022] A helmet, comprising the above-mentioned adaptive multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact, a helmet shell, a shock-absorbing circular pad and a plurality of elastic bands;

[0023] The adaptive multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism uses the top of the deformation regulating airflow valve to be coated with glue on the inner top of the helmet shell, and the top of the deformation regulating airflow valve is a curved surface that matches the inner top of the helmet shell;

[0024] The shock-absorbing circular pad is fixed to the bottom of the lower circular ring plate by gluing and is in direct contact with the top of the occupant's head. A number of buckles are provided on the periphery of the lower circular ring plate, and the buckle is connected to one end of the connecting elastic band, and the other end of the elastic band is nailed to the inside of the helmet. The stretching and rebound mechanism of the elastic band is used to cope with the initial vertical impact, effectively absorb and dissipate the impact energy, avoid the compression-torsion buffer module from being compressed too quickly, and assist the compression-torsion buffer module to quickly recover to its initial state after experiencing torsional deformation.

[0025] Furthermore, the shock-absorbing circular pad is formed by polyester PU sponge covered with polyurethane skin, with a diameter of D1, and a plurality of air holes are arranged in a circular range with a middle diameter of d1; the elastic band is made of polyurethane rubber.

[0026] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following significant advantages:

[0027] The adaptive airflow impact buffer module of the present invention, by squeezing the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad, cleverly utilizes the dynamic changes of the airflow inside the small air cavity, thereby realizing an efficient vertical impact weakening mechanism; when subjected to a vertical impact, the small air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad is squeezed, and the airflow inside it is rapidly ejected and impacts the center of the pressure-absorbing pad, forming a direct confrontation with the middle area of ​​the upward-moving special-shaped upper circular plate, thereby realizing the first weakening of the vertical impact; with the further compression of the special-shaped upper circular plate, the airflow in the center of the pressure-absorbing pad is reversely squeezed back into the small air cavity, causing the small air cavity to expand rapidly, generating a strong reaction force on the edge of the special-shaped upper circular plate, thereby realizing a secondary weakening of the vertical impact; this design not only forms a reciprocating impact mechanism of the gas, but also innovatively adds two additional buffering energy absorption processes on the basis of the ordinary cavity pressure-absorbing pad; compared with the traditional design, the present invention not only improves the energy absorption efficiency, but also significantly enhances the impact resistance and stability of the structure.

[0028] The adaptive airflow impact buffer module designed by the present invention can accurately trigger the lower protrusion in the deformation control airflow valve according to the different impact speeds and intensities of the special-shaped upper circular plate, prompting it to respond with a corresponding deformation rate and a specific lateral deformation degree; this dynamic adjustment mechanism further acts on the small air cavity outlet in the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-reducing pad, and realizes adaptive control of the impact speed of the jet airflow by flexibly adjusting its cross-sectional change rate and size; the above-mentioned dynamic adjustment of the airflow output characteristics combined with the gas reciprocating impact mechanism ensures that in any vertical impact scenario, the module can exhibit excellent impact absorption and dispersion capabilities, effectively improving the overall buffering performance and stability.

[0029] The present invention integrates a multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism to construct an excellent dynamic balance system; the system integrates multiple mechanisms such as elastic deformation, compression-torsion coupling, air damping, airflow reciprocating impact and adaptive airflow impact. The elastic deformation mechanism can quickly absorb and disperse energy, and can also achieve repeated use; the compression-torsion coupling mechanism further consolidates the structural stability and effectively resists external forces; the air damping mechanism slows down the impact speed and prolongs the energy absorption time; the airflow reciprocating impact mechanism provides two additional buffering energy absorption processes to improve the energy absorption rate; and the adaptive airflow impact mechanism automatically adjusts according to the impact speed and intensity to ensure that the energy is efficiently dissipated; these mechanisms work together to form a wide-range, high-efficiency and highly stable energy absorption and dissipation system, which can achieve excellent energy absorption effect, stable structural deformation and repeated use capability in the face of vertical impact loads of different degrees, and effectively protect the human head and neck from injury. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the buffer energy absorption mechanism of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 2 It is an exploded view of the buffer energy absorption mechanism of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the compression-torsion buffer module of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 4 It is a cross-sectional view of the special-shaped upper circular plate of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the deformation regulating airflow valve of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 6 It is a cross-sectional view of the deformation regulating airflow valve of the present invention.

[0036] Figure 7 It is a cross-sectional view of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad of the present invention.

[0037] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the slowly changing Pozidrivium support disc of the present invention.

[0038] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of a helmet of the present invention.

[0039] Fig.10 It is an exploded view of the buffering and energy absorbing mechanism in the helmet of the present invention.

[0040] Fig.11 It is a cross-sectional view of the buffering and energy absorbing mechanism in the helmet of the present invention.

[0041] Description of reference numerals:

[0042] 1-helmet shell, 2-shock-absorbing circular pad, 3-elastic belt, 4-lower circular ring plate, 5-torsion bar, 6-special-shaped upper circular plate, 7-deformation regulating airflow valve, 8-flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad, 9-deformation control ring, 10-slowly changing cross-shaped support plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0043] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0044] Example 1

[0045] like Figures 1 to 8 As shown, an adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact is provided. The energy absorption mechanism is divided into two upper and lower modules, including a lower compression-torsion buffer module and an upper adaptive airflow impact buffer module.

[0046] The compression-torsion buffer module utilizes the inclined torsion bar 5 to convert the compression deformation of the module into torsion deformation, thereby realizing the compression-torsion coupling effect to effectively disperse the impact energy into the entire module, weaken the initial impact of the entire mechanism, and enhance the stability of the structural deformation.

[0047] The adaptive airflow impact buffer module utilizes the damping effect of the internal air flow accompanied by friction when the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-relief pad 8 is under pressure, which not only dissipates the impact energy, but also slows down the deformation rate, prolongs the energy absorption process, and optimizes the energy dispersion effect; the inner and outer parts of the pressure-relief pad are subjected to pressure in a staggered manner, so that the internal gas forms a reciprocating impact mechanism, which adds two additional buffering energy absorption processes to the pressure-relief pad, improves the energy absorption rate, and further enhances the generation and exertion of the damping effect; the lower protrusion in the deformation-controlled airflow valve will produce a corresponding deformation rate and a certain degree of lateral deformation when subjected to different impact speeds and intensities. Through this dynamic adjustment mechanism, the change rate and size of the cross-section of the small air cavity outlet in the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-relief pad are controlled, thereby realizing adaptive regulation of the jet airflow impact speed, ensuring that the gas reciprocating impact mechanism exhibits excellent response speed and appropriate gas impact strength under various vertical impacts.

[0048] The compression-torsion buffer module consists of a lower circular plate 4, a plurality of torsion bars 5 and a special-shaped upper circular plate 6, wherein the lower circular plate 4 has an outer diameter of D1 and an inner diameter of d1; the special-shaped upper circular plate 6 has an outer diameter of D1, a plane at the lower end, a concave with a diameter of d1 and a depth of h1 in the middle of the upper end structure, and an undulating stepped terrace at the edge; the torsion bar 5 is obliquely arranged between the lower circular plate 4 and the special-shaped upper circular plate 6, and its axis intersects with the lower circular plate 4 and the special-shaped upper circular plate 6 on an intermediate circle with a diameter of d2, d2=(D1+d1) / 2, the angle between the torsion bar 5 and the lower circular plate 4 is 45°±15°, the torsion bar 5 is evenly distributed in an array along the circular ring, with the same rotation direction, and no limit on forward and reverse rotation; the entire module is made of PP synthetic resin and is processed into an integrated type through 3D printing technology. When subjected to vertical impact, the compression-torsion buffer module converts compression deformation into torsion deformation through the inclined torsion bar 5, thereby realizing the compression-torsion coupling effect, converting the impact energy into torsion deformation energy, effectively dispersing the impact energy throughout the module, improving energy absorption efficiency and increasing deformation stability, and forming a first-level buffer energy absorption. With the excellent toughness of PP synthetic resin, the module can automatically recover to its initial state after the impact disappears, and has excellent reusability.

[0049] The adaptive airflow impact buffer module is composed of a deformation regulating airflow valve 7, a flower-shaped airflow impact pressure cushion 8, a slow-changing cross-shaped support plate 10 and a deformation control ring 9. The deformation regulating airflow valve 7 is made of polyurethane rubber, and is in a circular shape when viewed from above, with a diameter of D1. The top can be an arc surface or a plane surface, depending on the specific situation. The top of the deformation regulating airflow valve 7 is closely connected to the inner side of the helmet shell by gluing. A through hole with a diameter of d1 is opened in the center of the valve body, and there are several identical protrusions around the lower end with a height of h2. The lower bottom surface of the protrusion is aligned with the lower surface of the upper end edge of the special-shaped upper circular plate 6 and has the same shape. The two end surfaces are connected by gluing. Two holes are opened on the side of the protrusion close to the through hole, and a deformation inducing groove is opened in the middle of the hole.

[0050] The material of the flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure-relief pad 8 is polyurethane rubber, and the whole is in a flower shape with a maximum diameter of D1. It is hollow inside, forming a connecting structure between several "petal" small air cavities on the edge and a large air cavity in the middle. The lower surface of the "petal" small air cavity is aligned with the high surface of the upper end edge of the special-shaped upper circular plate 6 and has the same shape. The upper surface of the middle large air cavity is a concave arc surface with a diameter of d2 and a height of h1. The lower surface is parallel to the upper surface, forming a gas flow guiding structure. The flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure-relief pad 8 is clamped between the deformation regulating airflow valve 7 and the special-shaped upper circular plate 6.

[0051] The deformation control ring 9 is tightly mounted on the side outer wall of the deformation regulating airflow valve 7 by gluing. It is made of stainless steel, has a ring height h3, h3=1.3*h2, an inner diameter D2, D2=0.9*D1, and is tightly mounted on the side outer wall of the deformation regulating airflow valve 7 by interference fit.

[0052] The material of the slowly changing 'P' support plate 10 is PP synthetic resin, the upper section is a cylindrical surface with an outer diameter of d1, and the lower section is an outward convex arc surface. The lower section fits with the upper surface of the middle atmospheric cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure relief pad 8, and a 'P' cut is opened in the middle of the lower section.

[0053] When the adaptive airflow impact buffer module is subjected to vertical impact, the shaped upper circular plate 6 will squeeze the deformation regulating airflow valve 7 and the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure relief pad 8 upward at the same time. The small air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure relief pad 8 is pressurized, and the internal gas is quickly squeezed out and impacts the center of the pressure relief pad 8 along the guiding structure, colliding with the central area of ​​the upward shaped upper circular plate 6, and realizing the first weakening of the vertical impact. Since there is a certain gap between the lower surface of the large air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure relief pad 8 and the concave surface in the middle of the shaped upper circular plate 6, the contact moment between the two is delayed, giving the impact airflow time to fully converge. With the continuous extrusion of the shaped upper circular plate 6, the airflow in the center of the pressure relief pad is reversely squeezed back to the small air cavity, causing the small air cavity to expand rapidly, generating a strong reaction force on the edge of the shaped upper circular plate 6, and realizing the secondary weakening of the vertical impact. This gas reciprocating impact mechanism makes the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure relief pad 8 add two additional buffering energy absorption processes compared to the ordinary cavity pressure relief pad, improves the energy absorption efficiency, significantly enhances the impact resistance and stability of the structure, and forms a secondary buffering energy absorption. While the flower-shaped airflow impact buffer pad 8 is under pressure, the lower protrusion of the deformation regulating airflow valve 7 undergoes lateral deformation under the action of the holes and the induction grooves, which not only absorbs energy through elastic deformation, but also squeezes the side wall of the small air cavity, reduces its outlet cross-sectional area, aggravates the extrusion deformation, increases the jet airflow velocity, and strengthens the effect of the first weakening of the vertical impact. In this process, the greater the impact speed and intensity of the special-shaped upper circular plate 6, the greater the deformation rate and degree of the lower protrusion of the deformation regulating airflow valve 7, the faster the cross-sectional area of ​​the small air cavity outlet is reduced, the greater the degree of its extrusion, the faster the response of the jet airflow, and the greater the airflow velocity. This dynamic adjustment mechanism realizes the adaptive regulation of the response and flow rate of the airflow impact. It ensures that the module exhibits excellent impact absorption and dispersion capabilities under various vertical impacts, and effectively improves the overall buffering performance and stability. The deformation control ring 9 is used to suppress the radial and outward deformation of the deformation regulating airflow valve and the flower-shaped airflow impact buffer pad, aggravates the inward deformation, and enhances the effect of adaptive airflow impact.

[0054] When the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-relief pad 8 is subjected to vertical impact, it effectively absorbs and disperses the impact energy through its elastic deformation mechanism. Its internal cavity area allows it to be further compressed when under pressure, thereby increasing the deformation capacity, enhancing the kinetic energy absorption and attenuation performance, and forming a three-level buffering energy absorption. During the deformation and recovery process of the pressure-relief pad 8, the internal air flow is accompanied by friction to produce a damping effect. This effect not only dissipates the impact energy, but also slows down the deformation rate, prolongs the energy absorption process, optimizes the energy dispersion effect, and forms a four-level buffering energy absorption. In addition, the air damping mechanism improves the stability of the pressure-relief pad 8 under impact, especially in high-speed impact scenarios, its performance is more significant.

[0055] The slowly changing cross-shaped support plate 10 is placed above the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad 8, and its bottom is close to the concave arc surface of the upper end of the pressure buffer pad 8 to improve the rigidity of the contact area, ensure that the top of the guiding structure does not deform when guiding the airflow to impact the center of the pressure buffer pad 8, and maintain the airflow guiding efficiency. A cross-shaped cutout is opened in the middle of the bottom surface of the support plate 10, which provides a top space release channel when the pressure buffer pad 8 is over-extruded, realizing the overload protection function.

[0056] Example 2

[0057] It should be noted that: in the embodiment of the present invention, the six directions of up, down, front, back, left, and right are based on the attached Fig. 9 The coordinate system shown.

[0058] like Figures 9-11 As shown, a helmet with an adaptive multi-stage buffering and energy-absorbing mechanism that can resist vertical impact is provided. The buffering and energy-absorbing mechanism of Example 1 replaces the top lining assembly of the existing protective helmet, and the other components of the helmet remain unchanged. The helmet includes the buffering and energy-absorbing mechanism of Example 1, a helmet shell 1, a shock-absorbing circular pad 2, and a plurality of elastic bands 3.

[0059] The buffering energy absorption mechanism of Example 1 utilizes the deformation to regulate the top end of the airflow valve 7 to be glued and tightly adhered to the top inner side of the helmet shell.

[0060] The shock-absorbing circular pad 2 is made of polyester PU sponge covered with polyurethane skin, fixed to the bottom of the lower circular plate 4 by gluing, directly contacting the top of the occupant's head, and has a diameter of D1. A number of air holes are arranged within a circular range with a middle diameter of d1 to improve the comfort and breathability of the top of the user's head, so that the head and the buffer energy-absorbing pad are in flexible contact. The periphery of the lower circular plate 4 needs to be provided with a number of buckles, which are connected to one end of the connecting elastic band 3 by tying, and the other end of the elastic band 3 is nailed to the inside of the helmet by rivets. The elastic band 3 is made of polyurethane rubber, and the stretching and rebound mechanism of the elastic band 3 is used to deal with the initial vertical impact, which can effectively absorb and dissipate the impact energy, prevent the compression-torsion buffer module from being compressed too quickly, and can also assist the compression-torsion buffer module to quickly return to the initial state after experiencing torsional deformation.

[0061] When the impact load is transmitted to the buffer energy absorption mechanism, it is implemented according to embodiment 1.

[0062] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact, characterized in that: It includes a compression-twist buffer module at the bottom and an adaptive airflow impact buffer module located on the compression-twist buffer module; The adaptive airflow impact buffer module comprises a deformation regulating airflow valve (7) and a flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad (8). A plurality of protrusions are evenly distributed on the periphery of the lower surface of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7). The flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad (8) comprises a large air cavity in the middle and a petal-shaped small air cavity at the edge. After assembly, a small air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure buffer pad (8) is located between two adjacent protrusions of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7). When subjected to vertical impact, the compression-twist buffer module converts compression deformation into torsion deformation, realizing compression-twist coupling effect so that impact energy is converted into torsion deformation energy; at the same time, the compression-twist buffer module upwardly squeezes the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) and the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8), and the small air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8) is compressed, and the internal gas is squeezed out and impacts the center of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8) along the guide structure, and collides and resists with the central area of ​​the upwardly moving compression-twist buffer module, thereby achieving the first weakening of the vertical impact; as the compression-twist buffer module continues to squeeze, the central airflow of the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8) is reversely squeezed back into the small air cavity, causing the small air cavity to expand, generating a reaction force on the edge of the compression-twist buffer module, thereby achieving the second weakening of the vertical impact; while the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8) is compressed, the convex block of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) is transversely deformed, which absorbs energy through elastic deformation and squeezes the side wall of the small air cavity, thereby reducing the cross-sectional area of ​​the air outlet, aggravating the squeezing deformation, increasing the flow rate of the jet airflow, and strengthening the effect of the first weakening of the vertical impact.

2. The adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The compression-torsion buffer module is integrally formed of resin and is composed of a lower circular plate (4), a plurality of torsion bars (5) and a special-shaped upper circular plate (6); The lower annular plate (4) has an outer diameter D1 and an inner diameter d1; The outer diameter of the special-shaped upper circular plate (6) is D1, the lower end is a plane, the middle of the upper end structure presents an arc-shaped concave with a diameter of d1 and a maximum depth of h1 less than the thickness of the special-shaped upper circular plate, and the edge presents an undulating stepped terrace surface, the groove of the stepped terrace surface of the special-shaped upper circular plate (6) is used to cooperate with the convex block on the lower surface of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7), and the convexity of the stepped terrace surface of the special-shaped upper circular plate (6) matches the shape of multiple petal-shaped small air cavities of the flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure relief pad (8); The torsion bar (5) is obliquely arranged between the lower circular plate (4) and the special-shaped upper circular plate (6); the axis of the torsion bar (5) intersects with the lower circular plate (4) and the special-shaped upper circular plate (6) on an intermediate circle with a diameter d2, d2=(D1+d1) / 2; the angle between the torsion bar (5) and the lower circular plate (4) is 45°±15°; the torsion bars (5) are evenly distributed in an array along the circular ring, and the rotation direction is consistent.

3. The adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The compression and torsion buffer module is made of PP synthetic resin.

4. The adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The adaptive airflow impact buffer module also includes a slowly changing Pozidrivium support plate (10) and a deformation control ring (9); The deformation regulating airflow valve (7) is made of rubber, is in a circular shape when viewed from above, has a diameter of D1, and has a curved or flat top. A through hole with a diameter of d1 is provided in the center of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7), and a plurality of protrusions with a height of h2 are provided on the outer periphery of the lower end. The lower bottom surface of the protrusions matches the groove of the terrace surface on the upper end surface of the special-shaped upper circular plate (6), and is connected by gluing. The flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-reducing pad (8) is made of rubber and is in a flower shape as a whole, with a maximum diameter of D1 and a hollow interior, forming a connecting structure of a plurality of "petal" small air cavities on the edge and a large air cavity in the middle. The lower surface of the "petal" small air cavity matches the protrusion of the stepped terrace surface on the upper end face of the special-shaped upper circular plate (6). The upper surface of the middle large air cavity is a concave arc surface with a diameter of d2 and a maximum height of h1. The lower surface is parallel to the upper surface, forming a gas flow guiding structure. The flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-reducing pad (8) is sandwiched between the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) and the special-shaped upper circular plate (6); The deformation control ring (9) is sleeved on the side outer wall of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) by gluing, and is used to suppress the deformation of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) and the flower-shaped airflow impact buffer pad (8) in the radial direction; The slowly changing cross-shaped support plate (10) is placed above the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8), and a cross-shaped cutout is provided in the middle of the bottom surface of the slowly changing cross-shaped support plate (10) to release the top space when the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-absorbing pad (8) below is over-squeezed, thereby playing an overload protection role.

5. The adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The deformation regulating airflow valve (7) and the flower-shaped airflow impact pressure-reducing pad (8) are made of polyurethane rubber. Each protrusion of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) is provided with two holes on one side close to the central through hole, and a deformation inducing groove is provided in the middle section of the side wall of each hole.

6. The adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The deformation control ring (9) is made of stainless steel, has a ring height of h3, h3=1.3*h2, and an inner diameter of D2, D2=0.9*D1.

7. The adaptive multi-stage buffer energy absorption mechanism for resisting vertical impact according to claim 4 is characterized in that: The material of the slowly changing cross-shaped support plate (10) is PP synthetic resin, the upper section is a cylindrical surface with an outer diameter of d1, and the lower section is an outward convex arc surface, which fits the upper surface of the middle air cavity of the flower-shaped airflow impact and pressure relief pad (8).

8. A helmet, characterized in that: It comprises the adaptive multi-stage buffering energy-absorbing mechanism for resisting vertical impact as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, a helmet shell (1), a shock-absorbing circular pad (2) and a plurality of elastic bands (3); The adaptive multi-stage buffering energy absorption mechanism utilizes the top end of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) to be coated with glue on the inner top of the helmet shell, and the top end of the deformation regulating airflow valve (7) is a curved surface matching the inner top of the helmet shell; The shock-absorbing circular pad (2) is fixed to the bottom of the lower circular ring plate (4) by gluing, and directly contacts the top of the occupant's head; a plurality of buckles are provided on the periphery of the lower circular ring plate (4), and the buckles are connected to one end of the connecting elastic band (3); the other end of the elastic band (3) is nailed to the inside of the helmet, and the stretching and rebound mechanism of the elastic band (3) is used to cope with the initial vertical impact, effectively absorb and dissipate the impact energy, avoid the compression-torsion buffer module from being compressed too quickly, and assist the compression-torsion buffer module to quickly recover to the initial state after experiencing torsional deformation.

9. The helmet according to claim 8, characterized in that The shock-absorbing circular pad (2) is formed by a polyester PU sponge covered with a polyurethane skin, with a diameter of D1, and a plurality of air holes are arranged in a circular range with a middle diameter of d1; the elastic band (3) is made of polyurethane rubber.

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