Laser processing device

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of laser processing, and discloses a laser processing device. The laser processing device comprises a shell, a nozzle and an air knife piece. A light emitting channel and an air supply channel are arranged in the shell, and the air supply tail end of the air supply channel is arranged at the front end part of the shell; the nozzle is arranged at the front end part of the shell, the nozzle is provided with a light outlet, and the light outlet channel is used as a channel for transmitting laser, so that the laser enters the nozzle and is output through the light outlet; an air inlet is formed in one end of the air knife part and communicates with the air supply tail end of the air supply channel, an air outlet facing the light outlet is formed in the other end of the air knife part, and the air outlet is used for outputting the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel and enabling the protective gas to enter the nozzle, so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet. The laser processing device can effectively reduce or prevent flue gas, splash and other sundries from polluting the protective glass in the gun barrel, reduce the replacement frequency of the protective glass and prolong the service life of the protective glass.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of laser processing, and in particular to a laser processing device. Background Art

[0002] Laser welding is an efficient and precise welding method that uses a high-energy-density laser beam as a heat source. Laser welding is one of the important aspects of laser material processing applications. In the 1970s, laser welding was mainly used to weld thin-walled materials or in the field of low-speed welding. The welding process is a heat conduction type, that is, the laser radiation heats the surface of the workpiece, and the surface heat diffuses to the inside through heat conduction. By controlling the width, energy, peak power and repetition frequency of the laser pulse, the workpiece is melted to form a specific molten pool. Due to its unique advantages, it has been successfully used in the precision welding of micro and small parts.

[0003] During the laser welding process, impurities such as smoke and spatter are easily generated. These impurities will splash up and enter the channel of the barrel through the light outlet of the nozzle, and then contaminate the protective mirror inside the barrel. Under the contamination of impurities, the protective mirror will be contaminated, affecting the quality of welding.

[0004] In the prior art, laser welding heads usually set up an anti-slag channel inside the barrel or output a protective gas near the protective mirror to prevent smoke and spatter from entering the welding gun, but this method is not effective, and some smoke and spatter will enter the welding gun and contaminate the protective mirror. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a laser processing device, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art that an anti-slag channel is formed by a gun barrel to prevent smoke and spatter from entering the interior of a welding gun, and the impurity removal effect is poor. The laser processing device can effectively reduce or prevent smoke, spatter and other debris from contaminating the protective mirror in the gun barrel, reduce the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, and increase the service life of the protective mirror.

[0006] To achieve this object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] A laser processing device, comprising:

[0008] A housing, wherein a light outlet channel and an air supply channel are provided in the housing, and an air supply end of the air supply channel is provided at a front end of the housing;

[0009] A nozzle is arranged at the front end of the housing, the nozzle has a light outlet, and the light outlet channel is used as a channel for transmitting laser light, so that the laser light enters the nozzle and is output through the light outlet;

[0010] A wind blade component, one end of which is provided with an air inlet, the air inlet is connected to the air supply end of the air supply channel, and the other end of the wind blade component is provided with an air outlet arranged toward the light outlet, the air outlet is used to output the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel and enter the nozzle, so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet.

[0011] In some possible implementations, the wind blade is disposed at a front end portion of the shell.

[0012] In some possible implementations, the air outlet is a round hole or an elongated hole.

[0013] In some possible embodiments, when the air outlet is a round hole, several of the round holes are arranged in an array, or in a circular pattern, or in a U-shape, or in an X-shape; when the air outlet is a long hole, several of the long holes are staggered.

[0014] In some possible implementations, the air outlet direction of the air outlet is inclined toward the light outlet.

[0015] In some possible implementations, the air outlet direction of the air outlet is a first direction, the output direction of the laser is a second direction, an angle θ between the first direction and the second direction is an inclination angle, and the range of the angle θ is: 30°≤θ≤60°.

[0016] In some possible embodiments, a cavity wall of the wind blade member connecting the air supply channel and the air outlet is recessed with an air guide groove connected to the air outlet, and the air guide groove is used to guide the protective gas to the air outlet.

[0017] In some possible embodiments, a partition plate is provided in the nozzle, one end of the partition plate is provided at the light outlet, and the other end of the partition plate does not exceed the front end of the wind blade, and the partition plate divides the channel in the nozzle into a first channel and a second channel; the first channel is located on a side close to the wind blade, and is used to output the laser; the second channel is provided on a side away from the wind blade, and is used to output the protective gas.

[0018] In some possible implementations, a step protrusion is provided on the inner wall between the second channel and the light outlet channel of the nozzle, and the step protrusion is used to prevent the protective gas output from the air outlet from entering the shell.

[0019] In some possible implementations, a three-stage slag-blocking ring with a stepped structure is provided in the shell to prevent impurities from entering the shell and contaminating the protective mirror.

[0020] Beneficial effects of the present invention: The laser processing device provided by the present invention, by arranging a wind blade member in the nozzle, and the wind blade member has an air outlet arranged toward the light outlet, the air outlet direction of the air outlet can output the protective gas obliquely to the wind blade member and enter the nozzle, and the obliquely output protective gas is output to the inner wall of the nozzle on the opposite side, so that the airflow flows out of the nozzle along the inner wall, and at the same time, the impurities splashed back into the nozzle are blown out of the nozzle, so as to reduce or prevent smoke, splashes and other debris from contaminating the protective mirror, reduce the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, increase the service life of the equipment, reduce production costs, and improve welding quality; in addition, during the welding process, the laser processing device provided by the present invention has a better effect of isolating the air at the weld, so that the welding quality is better. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a laser processing device provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of a three-stage slag retaining ring and a negative pressure chamber of a shell provided in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled nozzle and housing provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of a wind blade member provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 5 is a three-dimensional view of a nozzle at a viewing angle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view of a nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 7 is a three-dimensional view of a nozzle from another perspective provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 8 is a three-dimensional view of a wind blade member at a viewing angle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Fig. 9 is a three-dimensional view of the wind blade member from another perspective provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of the angle θ involved in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Fig.11 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the assembled gun body, housing and nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0032] Fig.12 is a cross-sectional view of the assembled gun body, housing and nozzle provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0033] Fig.13 It is the simulation data of the previous generation of equipment;

[0034] Fig.14 It is the simulation data of the laser processing device provided in this embodiment of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure:

[0036] 100, shell; 110, light outlet channel; 120, air supply channel; 130, three-stage slag blocking ring; 140, negative pressure chamber; 200, nozzle; 210, light outlet; 220, partition plate; 230, first channel; 240, second channel; 250, step protrusion; 300, wind knife; 310, air outlet; 320, air guide groove; 330, air inlet; 400, gun body. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, rather than to limit the present invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only parts related to the present invention, rather than all structures, are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0038] In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "connected", "connected", and "fixed" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0039] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may include that the first and second features are in direct contact, or may include that the first and second features are not in direct contact but are in contact through another feature between them. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" and "above" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" and "below" a second feature includes that the first feature is directly below and obliquely below the second feature, or simply indicates that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0040] In the description of this embodiment, the terms "upper", "lower", "right", etc., directions or positional relationships are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of description and simplification of operation, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore cannot be understood as limiting the present invention. In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are only used to distinguish in the description and have no special meaning.

[0041] The present embodiment provides a laser processing device, which aims to solve the problem in the prior art that an anti-slag channel is formed by a gun barrel to prevent smoke and spatter from entering the interior of the welding gun, and the impurity removal effect is poor. The laser processing device can effectively reduce or prevent smoke, spatter and other debris from contaminating the internal protective mirror, reduce the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, and increase the service life of the protective mirror.

[0042] See also Figures 1 to 12 As shown, the laser processing device includes a housing 100, a nozzle 200 and an air blade 300. A light outlet channel 110 and an air supply channel 120 are provided in the housing 100. An optical path is provided in the light outlet channel 110, a protective mirror is provided on the optical path, the light outlet channel 110 forms a light propagation path, and an air supply end of the air supply channel 120 is provided at the front end of the housing 100. The nozzle 200 is provided at the front end of the housing 100, and the nozzle 200 has a light outlet 210. The laser light emitted by the laser passes through the light outlet channel 110, and the light outlet channel 110 is used as a channel for transmitting the laser light, so that the laser light enters the nozzle 200 and is output through the light outlet 210. An air inlet 330 is provided at one end of the air blade 300, and the air inlet 330 is connected to the air supply end of the air supply channel 120. An air outlet 310 is provided at the other end of the air blade 300, and is arranged toward the light outlet 210. The air outlet 310 is used to output the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel 120 and enter the nozzle 200, so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet 210. When installed, the air blade 300 can be fixed at the front end of the housing 100, or on the nozzle 200. Fig.11 and Fig.12 During assembly, the housing 100 is installed at the front end of the gun body 400 .

[0043] The above-mentioned laser processing device is fixedly provided with a wind blade 300, and the wind blade 300 has an air outlet 310 arranged toward the light outlet 210. The air outlet direction of the air outlet 310 can obliquely output the shielding gas from the wind blade 300 and enter the nozzle 200. The obliquely output shielding gas can be output to the inner wall of the nozzle 200 on the opposite side, so that the airflow flows out of the nozzle 200 along the inner wall, and at the same time, the impurities splashed back into the nozzle 200 are blown out of the nozzle 200, so as to reduce or prevent the smoke, splashes and other debris from polluting the protective mirror, thereby achieving the purpose of increasing the service life of the protective mirror, reducing the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, and facilitating the guarantee of welding quality. In this embodiment, the wind blade 300 is arranged as an arc cylinder, one end of the arc cylinder is provided with a cavity connected to the air supply channel 120, and the side plane of the arc cylinder is provided with an air outlet 310 connected to the cavity and obliquely arranged and close to the light outlet 210. The arc surface of the arc cylinder can be closely connected with the arc wall of the nozzle 200, thereby improving installation reliability.

[0044] Optionally, the air outlet 310 is a circular hole or an elongated hole. In other embodiments, the air outlet 310 can also be set to other shapes, such as an ellipse, etc., which can be set as needed.

[0045] Furthermore, when the air outlet 310 is a circular hole, a plurality of circular holes are arranged in an array, or in a circular pattern, or in a U-shaped arrangement, or in an X-shaped arrangement, and when the air outlet 310 is a long hole, a plurality of long holes are arranged in a staggered manner. This arrangement ensures all-round air outlet and prevents impurities from entering the protective lens.

[0046] In this embodiment, the outlet direction of the air outlet 310 is tilted toward the light outlet 210, so that the airflow of the protective gas directly blows the impurities out of the nozzle 200 smoothly, effectively reducing or preventing smoke, splashes and other debris from contaminating the protective lens.

[0047] Preferably, the air outlet direction of the air outlet 310 is the first direction, the output direction of the laser is the second direction, the angle θ between the first direction and the second direction is the inclination angle, and the range of θ is: 30°≤θ≤60°; the width range of the air outlet 310 is: 0.2mm≤d≤1.0mm. This setting can make the protective gas output to the nozzle 200 at an angle toward the air outlet 310, and flow along the inner wall of the nozzle 200. Finally, the protective gas is output from the light outlet 210 to prevent debris from entering the inside of the nozzle 200, effectively protecting the protective mirror arranged inside the housing 100 from being contaminated by debris, extending the service life of the protective mirror, and thus reducing the cost of use. In this embodiment, the width of the air outlet 310 is 0.2mm. In other embodiments, the width of the air outlet 310 can be set to 0.3mm or 0.4mm or other values, which can be set as needed.

[0048] Optionally, the cavity wall of the air outlet 310 of the wind blade 300 is recessed with an air guide groove 320 connected to the air outlet 310 , and the air guide groove 320 is used to guide the protective gas to the air outlet 310 , which is more conducive to the air outlet 310 to discharge the protective gas.

[0049] Preferably, a partition plate 220 is provided in the nozzle 200, one end of the partition plate 220 is provided at the light outlet 210, and the other end of the partition plate 220 does not exceed the front end of the wind blade 300. The partition plate 220 divides the channel in the nozzle 200 into a first channel 230 and a second channel 240. The first channel 230 is located on the side close to the wind blade (300) and is used to output laser, and the second channel 240 is located on the side away from the wind blade 300 and is used to output protective gas and impurities. It should be noted that the front end of the wind blade 300 refers to the end of the wind blade 300 close to the light outlet 210. The other end of the partition plate 220 does not exceed the front end of the wind blade 300, ensuring that the protective gas is blown across the laser beam to the opposite side and output from the nozzle 200, and the protective gas outputs the impurities from the second channel 240 away from the wind blade 300.

[0050] Optionally, the inner wall of the nozzle 200 is provided with a step protrusion 250 for blocking slag and arranged opposite to the wind blade 300. The step protrusion 250 is specifically arranged on the inner wall between the second channel 240 of the nozzle 200 and the light outlet channel 110. The step protrusion 250 is used to block the protective gas output from the air outlet 310 or impurities in the nozzle 200 from entering the shell 100 to avoid contaminating the protective mirror.

[0051] Preferably, a three-stage slag stop ring 130 with a step structure is provided in the shell 100 to prevent impurities entering the shell 100 from contaminating the protective mirror. The protective gas blown out by the wind blade 300 blows the welding slag off and transmits it out of the nozzle 200. The three-stage slag stop ring 130 is set to a step structure, which can further prevent the welding slag that penetrates into the shell 100 from entering the deep part of the shell 100. In this embodiment, the three-stage slag stop ring 130 has three slag stop surfaces arranged at intervals, and the three slag stop surfaces are distributed at intervals along the axial direction of the shell 100. Specifically, the end face of the three-stage slag stop ring 130 close to the nozzle 200 constitutes a first slag stop surface, and the inner wall of the three-stage slag stop ring 130 is recessed with a second slag stop surface and a third slag stop surface arranged at intervals. In other embodiments, the number of slag stop surfaces can be set to other, such as two or four, etc., which can be set as needed.

[0052] In this embodiment, a negative pressure chamber 140 is provided at one end of the shell 100 away from the nozzle 200. Since the protective gas output from the air outlet 310 flows toward the nozzle 200, a negative pressure environment is formed on the side opposite to the blowing direction of the air outlet 310, and a negative pressure chamber 140 is formed near the protective mirror. The negative pressure chamber 140 effectively prevents the protective mirror from being contaminated by impurities such as welding slag, thereby increasing the service life of the protective mirror.

[0053] The laser processing device provided in this embodiment is simulated and calculated, and the simulation data is as follows: Fig.13 and Fig.14 As shown, Fig.13 Simulation data for previous generation devices, Fig.14 This is the simulation data of the laser processing device provided in this embodiment. Fig.13 In the previous generation equipment shown, during the laser welding process, impurities such as smoke and spatter will be generated at the welding point. These impurities will splash up and enter the channel of the barrel (the nozzle 200 is set at one end of the barrel and the protective mirror is set at the other end) through the light outlet 210 of the nozzle 200, thereby contaminating the protective mirror set at the end of the barrel away from the nozzle, affecting the quality of welding. According to the simulation experiment data, under the same test conditions, the turbulent kinetic energy output by the light outlet 210 of the nozzle 200 of the laser processing device of this embodiment is greater than that of the previous generation equipment. The laser processing device of this embodiment has a better effect of isolating air at the weld. By providing a wind knife 300, a step protrusion 250, and a three-level slag ring 130 to provide multi-level protection for the protective mirror, the laser processing device has a better effect of removing impurities, reduces the replacement frequency of the protective mirror, reduces the cost of production and manufacturing, realizes effective protection of the weld, and improves the welding quality.

[0054] Obviously, the above embodiments of the present invention are merely examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, various obvious changes, readjustments and substitutions can be made without departing from the protection scope of the present invention. It is not necessary and impossible to list all the embodiments here. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser processing device, characterized in that: include: A housing (100), wherein a light outlet channel (110) and an air supply channel (120) are provided in the housing (100), and an air supply end of the air supply channel (120) is provided at a front end of the housing (100); A nozzle (200) is arranged at the front end of the housing (100), the nozzle (200) having a light outlet (210), the light outlet channel (110) being used as a channel for transmitting laser light, so that the laser light enters the nozzle (200) and is output through the light outlet (210); A wind blade member (300), wherein one end of the wind blade member (300) is provided with an air inlet (330), wherein the air inlet (330) is connected to the air supply end of the air supply channel (120), and the other end of the wind blade member (300) is provided with an air outlet (310) arranged toward the light outlet (210), wherein the air outlet (310) is used to output the protective gas transmitted in the air supply channel (120) and enter into the nozzle (200), so that the protective gas is output from the light outlet (210).

2. The laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wind blade component (300) is arranged at the front end portion of the housing (100).

3. The laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet (310) is a round hole or a long hole.

4. The laser processing device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When the air outlet (310) is a circular hole, a plurality of the circular holes are arranged in an array, or in a circular pattern, or in a U-shaped arrangement, or in an X-shaped arrangement; when the air outlet (310) is a long strip hole, a plurality of the long strip holes are arranged in a staggered manner.

5. The laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air outlet direction of the air outlet (310) is arranged to be inclined toward the light outlet (210).

6. The laser processing device according to claim 5, characterized in that: The air outlet direction of the air outlet (310) is a first direction, the output direction of the laser is a second direction, an angle θ between the first direction and the second direction is an inclination angle, and the range of the angle θ is: 30°≤θ≤60°.

7. The laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: An air guide groove (320) connected to the air outlet (310) is recessed in the cavity wall of the air outlet (310), and the air guide groove (320) is used to guide the protective gas to the air outlet (310).

8. The laser processing device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A partition plate (220) is arranged in the nozzle (200), one end of the partition plate (220) is arranged at the light outlet (210), the other end of the partition plate (220) does not exceed the front end of the wind blade (300), and the partition plate (220) divides the channel in the nozzle (200) into a first channel (230) and a second channel (240); The first channel (230) is located on a side close to the wind blade (300) and is used to output the laser; The second channel (240) is arranged on a side away from the wind knife element (300) and is used for outputting the protective gas.

9. The laser processing device according to claim 8, characterized in that: A step protrusion (250) is provided on the inner wall between the second channel (240) of the nozzle (200) and the light outlet channel (110), and the step protrusion (250) is used to prevent the protective gas output from the air outlet (310) or impurities in the nozzle (200) from entering the shell (100).

10. The laser processing device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: A three-stage slag blocking ring (130) with a stepped structure is arranged in the shell (100) to prevent impurities entering the shell (100) from contaminating the protective mirror in the shell (100).

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