Device and method for separating micro plastic particles in water
By using electric field and magnetic field technology in the microplastic particle separation device in the water, the microplastic particles are combined with magnetic nanoparticles and selective separation is solved, and the problem of difficult separation of microplastic particles of different sizes and water pollution in the prior art is solved, and an efficient and environmentally friendly separation effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202510329742.7
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-03-20
- Publication Date
- 2025-05-16
- Estimated Expiration
- Not applicable · inactive patent
AI Technical Summary
In the prior art, when treating microplastic particles in water, it is difficult to selectively separate microplastic particles of different sizes, and a density solution is required, which can easily lead to water pollution and complex operation.
A separation device is adopted, which combines the microplastic particles with magnetic nanoparticles through an electric field, and separates the combination into different channels through a magnetic field, achieving selective separation of microplastic particles of different sizes, while using the recovery function of magnetic nanoparticles to avoid water pollution.
It realizes efficient selective separation of microplastic particles in water, and can recover magnetic nanoparticles, avoid water pollution, and is simple to operate.
Smart Images
Figure CN120004385A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of solid waste treatment, and in particular to a device and method for separating microplastic particles in water. Background Art
[0002] With the production and use of plastic products, plastic waste, as a pollutant widely present in the environment, has gradually attracted people's attention. However, due to its difficult-to-degrade properties, plastic can exist in the environment for a long time, including natural water bodies and soil, which greatly enhances the harm of this pollutant. Microplastics refer to plastic particles with a diameter of less than 5 mm. They are usually decomposed from large particles of plastic waste. They can also be produced from additives in personal care products and industrial granular raw materials. A more common source is the discharge of washing wastewater from chemical fiber clothing. Common microplastic particles can be composed of various materials such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyurethane, polycarbonate and nylon. Microplastics can hinder the propagation of light in water bodies, and the toxic additives contained in plastics are more likely to be released into the environment when they exist in the form of microplastics, thereby causing harm to organisms in the environment and threatening the health and safety of the ecosystem. Some of these microplastic particles have a density greater than 1, and some have a density less than 1. Microplastics with a density greater than 1 will settle into the sediment after entering the water body; microplastics with a density less than 1 may also sink to the bottom of the water after microorganisms are attached to their surface. These microplastic pollutants may be ingested by benthic animals, thus posing a threat to benthic organisms. Aquatic organisms that ingest microplastics can harm human health through the food chain.
[0003] Publication No. CN106363835 discloses a method and device for separating microplastics, which includes: 1) collecting sediments from natural water bodies in the wild; 2) low-temperature drying or freeze-drying the sediments from natural water bodies in the wild to obtain samples to be processed; 3) adding a density solution to the sample to be processed and stirring it fully until the sample to be processed is completely suspended in the density solution, and after standing, it is divided into a non-precipitation layer and a precipitation layer from top to bottom; 4) extracting the non-precipitation layer and passing the non-precipitation layer through a filter membrane; the liquid after the filter membrane is reused; the microplastic particles in the sediments of natural water bodies in the wild are isolated by the filter membrane, including but not limited to. The device provides a method and device for separating microplastic pollutants that can quickly and effectively separate and extract microplastic particles from sediments in water bodies such as rivers, lakes, etc.
[0004] The device can recycle microplastic particles in water, but a density solution needs to be added during the process, which easily produces residues in the water and requires subsequent treatment, which is very troublesome. At the same time, microplastics of different particle sizes cannot be selectively separated during the treatment. Summary of the invention
[0005] In order to overcome the above-mentioned defects of the prior art, the present invention provides a device and method for separating microplastic particles in water to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned background technology.
[0006] The present invention provides the following technical solution: a device for separating microplastic particles in water, comprising a No. 1 separation device, wherein a No. 1 loading port and a No. 2 loading port are fixedly connected to the top of the No. 1 separation device, wherein the No. 1 loading port is used for loading sample water, and the No. 2 loading port is used for loading magnetic nanoparticles, the No. 1 separation device is internally rotatably connected with a stirring device, wherein the stirring device is used for stirring and mixing the internal liquid, the No. 1 separation device is internally fixedly connected with electrodes and magnetic poles, an electromagnetic shielding cover is fixedly connected between the electrodes and the magnetic poles, the No. 2 separation device is fixedly connected to the side of the No. 1 separation device, wherein the No. 2 separation device is used to separate microplastic particles, and the No. 3 separation device is fixedly connected to the side of the No. 2 separation device, wherein the No. 3 separation device is used to recover magnetic nanoparticles.
[0007] Furthermore, a separation chamber is provided inside the No. 1 separation device, and a plurality of separation partitions are provided on the separation chamber, and the separation chamber is used to separate microplastic particles of different sizes.
[0008] Furthermore, the bottom of the No. 1 separation device is rotatably connected to a support frame, the support frame is rotatably connected to an adjusting device, the inner side of the adjusting device is fixedly connected to a movable rod, the movable rod is fixedly connected to a connecting plate, the connecting plate is rotatably connected to the No. 3 separation device, and the angle between the No. 1 separation device and the horizontal plane can be adjusted by the adjusting device, and the control range is between five degrees and fifteen degrees. An inclination angle is beneficial to the flow of liquid, and a smaller inclination angle can enable the liquid to be stirred more fully.
[0009] Furthermore, a collecting box is provided at the bottom of the No. 2 separation device, and a collecting device is provided at the bottom of the No. 3 separation device.
[0010] Furthermore, a filter plate is fixedly connected to the interior of the second separation device, and a plurality of filter holes are formed on the filter plate. The filter plate is made of polypropylene material and has elasticity, which can prevent the combined microplastic particles from dispersing during filtering and is not easy to clog the filter holes on the filter plate.
[0011] Furthermore, a control board is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the No. 3 separation device, and a plurality of unevenly distributed separation rods are fixedly connected to the control board. When in use, the separation rods are powered by the control board, so that they have magnetism and can adsorb and recover dispersed magnetic nanoparticles.
[0012] Furthermore, a guide plate is provided on the outer ring of the stirring device, and the guide plate is fixedly connected to the No. 1 separation device.
[0013] A method for using a device for separating microplastic particles in water, the method comprising:
[0014] S1: Add sample water with microplastic particles to the No. 1 feeding port, and add magnetic nanoparticles to the No. 2 feeding port at the same time, and stir through the stirring device to make the microplastic particles and magnetic nanoparticles in the water more evenly distributed. During stirring, the water diffuses outward due to the centrifugal effect, part of which is blocked by the drainage plate, and the other part flows out from the gap between the drainage plate and the No. 1 separation device, so that the amount of water entering the left and middle is small, and most of it enters the channel on the right;
[0015] S2: At the same time, the electrodes apply an electric field to the interior of the No. 1 separation device. The microplastic particles are affected by the electrophoretic force and combine with the magnetic nanoparticles. The larger the volume and surface area of the microplastic particles, the more magnetic nanoparticles they adsorb. The more magnetic nanoparticles they adsorb, the greater the magnetism of the combination.
[0016] S3: Applying a magnetic field through the magnetic poles causes the combination to move toward the regulating device under the action of the magnetic field. Water enters the No. 2 separation device from the rightmost side of the separation chamber. The small particle combination in the microplastic particles has a weaker magnetism and moves from between the two separation partitions to the No. 2 separation device. The large particle combination has a stronger magnetism and enters the No. 2 separation device from the leftmost side.
[0017] S4: The microplastic particle complexes that enter the No. 2 separation device cannot pass through the filter plate due to their large volume and can only enter the No. 3 separation device along the filter plate. Part of the water that enters flows out from the filter holes opened on the filter plate. By opening the control panel on the No. 3 separation device, the separation rod is made magnetic. After the microplastic particle complexes slide off the filter plate, they collide with the unevenly distributed separation rods and disintegrate. The disintegrated magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed by the separation rods, and the non-magnetic microplastic particles fall from the No. 3 separation device into the collection device. After the sample water is poured at the No. 1 feeding port, the electrodes and magnetic poles are closed, so that part of the complexes adsorbed on the inner wall of the magnetic pole enter the No. 2 separation device, and then the separated microplastic particles enter the collection device. Finally, a new collection device is replaced, the control panel is closed, and the magnetic nanoparticles are recovered.
[0018] Beneficial effects:
[0019] 1. The device and method for separating microplastic particles in water use an electric field to combine microplastic particles with magnetic nanoparticles, and use a magnetic field to allow different combinations to enter different channels, thereby selectively separating microplastic particles of different sizes. At the same time, the magnetic nanoparticles can also be recovered, without polluting the water body, and the operation is simple. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] Figure 1 This is a left side view of a device for separating microplastic particles in water proposed by the present invention;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a device for separating microplastic particles in water proposed by the present invention;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the third separation device of the device for separating microplastic particles in water proposed by the present invention;
[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of a method for separating microplastic particles in water proposed by the present invention.
[0024] Among them: 1. Separation device No. 1; 2. Support frame; 3. Adjustment device; 4. Loading port No. 1; 5. Loading port No. 2; 6. Stirring device; 7. Separation chamber; 8. Separation partition; 9. Separation device No. 2; 10. Collection box; 11. Filter plate; 12. Control board; 13. Separation device No. 3; 14. Collection device; 15. Drainage plate; 16. Electrode; 17. Electromagnetic shielding cover; 18. Magnetic pole; 19. Connecting plate; 20. Movable rod; 21. Separation rod. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0026] Embodiment 1
[0027] See also Figure 1-Figure 3 A device for separating microplastic particles in water comprises a separation device No. 1, wherein a feeding port No. 1 and a feeding port No. 2 are fixedly connected to the top of the separation device No. 1, wherein the feeding port No. 1 is used for feeding sample water, and the feeding port No. 2 is used for feeding magnetic nanoparticles. The interior of the separation device No. 1 is rotatably connected with a stirring device 6, and the stirring device 6 is used for stirring and mixing the internal liquid. An electrode 16 and a magnetic pole 18 are fixedly connected to the interior of the separation device No. 1, and an electromagnetic shielding cover 17 is fixedly connected between the electrode 16 and the magnetic pole 18. A separation device No. 2 is fixedly connected to the side of the separation device No. 1, and the separation device No. 2 is used for separating microplastic particles. A separation device No. 3 is fixedly connected to the side of the separation device No. 2, and the separation device No. 3 is used for recovering magnetic nanoparticles.
[0028] A separation chamber 7 is provided inside the separation device No. 1, and a plurality of separation partitions 8 are arranged on the separation chamber 7. The separation chamber 7 is used to separate microplastic particles of different sizes.
[0029] The bottom of the No. 1 separation device 1 is rotatably connected to a support frame 2, the support frame 2 is rotatably connected to an adjusting device 3, the inner side of the adjusting device 3 is fixedly connected to a movable rod 20, the movable rod 20 is fixedly connected to a connecting plate 19, the connecting plate 19 is rotatably connected to the No. 3 separation device 13, and the angle between the No. 1 separation device 1 and the horizontal plane can be adjusted by the adjusting device 3, and the control range is between five degrees and fifteen degrees. A large inclination is conducive to the flow of liquid, and a smaller inclination can enable the liquid to be more fully stirred.
[0030] A collecting box 10 is provided at the bottom of the No. 2 separation device 9 , and a collecting device 14 is provided at the bottom of the No. 3 separation device 13 .
[0031] A filter plate 11 is fixedly connected to the interior of the second separation device 9, and a plurality of filter holes are formed on the filter plate 11. The filter plate 11 is made of polypropylene material and has elasticity, so that the combined microplastic particles will not disperse during filtering and will not easily clog the filter holes on the filter plate 11.
[0032] A control board 12 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the No. 3 separation device 13, and a plurality of unevenly distributed separation rods 21 are fixedly connected to the control board 12. When in use, the separation rods 21 are powered by the control board 12, so that 21 has magnetism and absorbs and recovers dispersed magnetic nanoparticles.
[0033] A guide plate 15 is provided on the outer ring of the stirring device 6 , and the guide plate 15 is fixedly connected to the first separation device 1 .
[0034] Embodiment 2
[0035] See also Figure 1-Figure 4 , a method for using a device for separating microplastic particles in water, the method comprising:
[0036] S1: Add sample water containing microplastic particles to the No. 1 feeding port 4, and add magnetic nanoparticles to the No. 2 feeding port 5 at the same time, and stir through the stirring device 6 to make the microplastic particles and magnetic nanoparticles in the water more evenly distributed. During stirring, the water diffuses outward under the centrifugal effect, part of which is blocked by the drainage plate 15, and the other part flows out from the gap between the drainage plate 15 and the No. 1 separation device 1, so that the amount of water entering the left and middle is small, and most of it enters the channel on the right;
[0037] S2: At the same time, the electrode 16 applies an electric field to the interior of the first separation device 1. The microplastic particles are affected by the electrophoretic force and combine with the magnetic nanoparticles. The larger the volume and surface area of the microplastic particles, the more magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed. The more magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed, the greater the magnetism of the combination.
[0038] S3: A magnetic field is applied through the magnetic pole 18, so that the combination moves toward the regulating device 3 under the action of the magnetic field, and water enters the second separation device 9 from the rightmost side of the separation chamber 7. The small particle combination in the microplastic particles has a weaker magnetism and moves from between the two separation partitions 8 to the second separation device 9. The large particle combination has a stronger magnetism and enters the second separation device 9 from the leftmost side.
[0039] S4: The microplastic particle complex entering the No. 2 separation device 9 cannot pass through the filter plate 11 due to its large volume, and can only enter the No. 3 separation device 13 along the filter plate 11. Part of the water that enters flows out from the filter holes opened on the filter plate 11. By opening the control panel 12 on the No. 3 separation device 13, the separation rod 21 is made magnetic. After the microplastic particle complex slides off the filter plate 11, it collides with the unevenly distributed separation rod 21 and disintegrates. The disintegrated magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed by the separation rod 21, and the non-magnetic microplastic particles fall from the No. 3 separation device 13 into the collection device 14. After the sample water is poured at the No. 1 feeding port 4, the electrode 16 and the magnetic pole 18 are closed, so that part of the complex adsorbed on the inner wall of the magnetic pole 18 enters the No. 2 separation device 9, and then the separated microplastic particles enter the collection device 14. Finally, a new collection device 14 is replaced, the control panel 12 is closed, and the magnetic nanoparticles are recovered.
[0040] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations may be made to the embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and that the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims
1. A device for separating microplastic particles in water, comprising a first separation device (1), characterized in that: The top of the separation device No. 1 (1) is fixedly connected to a feeding port No. 1 (4) and a feeding port No. 2 (5), wherein the feeding port No. 1 (4) is used for feeding sample water, and the feeding port No. 2 (5) is used for feeding magnetic nanoparticles. The interior of the separation device No. 1 (1) is rotatably connected to a stirring device (6), and the stirring device (6) is used for stirring and mixing the internal liquid. The interior of the separation device No. 1 (1) is fixedly connected to an electrode (16) and a magnetic pole (18), and an electromagnetic shielding cover (17) is fixedly connected between the electrode (16) and the magnetic pole (18). The side of the separation device No. 1 (1) is fixedly connected to a separation device No. 2 (9), and the separation device No. 2 (9) is used for separating microplastic particles. The side of the separation device No. 2 (9) is fixedly connected to a separation device No. 3 (13), and the separation device No. 3 (13) is used for recovering magnetic nanoparticles.
2. A device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 1, characterized in that: A separation chamber (7) is provided inside the first separation device (1), and a plurality of separation partitions (8) are arranged on the separation chamber (7). The separation chamber (7) is used to separate microplastic particles of different sizes.
3. A device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 2, characterized in that: The bottom of the No. 1 separation device (1) is rotatably connected to a support frame (2), the support frame (2) is rotatably connected to an adjustment device (3), the inner side of the adjustment device (3) is fixedly connected to a movable rod (20), the movable rod (20) is fixedly connected to a connecting plate (19), the connecting plate (19) is rotatably connected to the No. 3 separation device (13), and the angle between the No. 1 separation device (1) and the horizontal plane can be adjusted by the adjustment device (3), and the control range is between five degrees and fifteen degrees.
4. A device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 3, characterized in that: A collecting box (10) is provided at the bottom of the No. 2 separation device (9), and a collecting device (14) is provided at the bottom of the No. 3 separation device (13).
5. A device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 4, characterized in that: A filter plate (11) is fixedly connected inside the second separation device (9), and a plurality of filter holes are formed on the filter plate (11). The filter plate (11) is made of polypropylene material.
6. A device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 5, characterized in that: A control panel (12) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the No. 3 separation device (13), and a plurality of unevenly distributed separation rods (21) are fixedly connected to the control panel (12).
7. A device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 6, characterized in that: A guide plate (15) is provided on the outer ring of the stirring device (6), and the guide plate (15) is fixedly connected to the first separation device (1).
8. A method for using a device for separating microplastic particles in water, the device for separating microplastic particles in water according to claim 7, characterized in that: The method includes: S1: adding sample water containing microplastic particles to the first feeding port (4), and adding magnetic nanoparticles to the second feeding port (5) at the same time, stirring by a stirring device (6) so that the microplastic particles and magnetic nanoparticles in the water are more evenly distributed. During stirring, the water is centrifugally acted to diffuse outward, part of which is blocked by the drainage plate (15), and the other part flows out from the gap between the drainage plate (15) and the first separation device (1), so that the amount of water entering the left side and the middle is small, and most of it enters the channel on the right side; S2: At the same time, the electrode (16) applies an electric field to the interior of the first separation device (1), and the microplastic particles are affected by the electrophoretic force and combine with the magnetic nanoparticles. The larger the volume and surface area of the microplastic particles, the more magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed, and the more magnetic nanoparticles are adsorbed, the greater the magnetism of the combination; S3: A magnetic field is applied through the magnetic pole (18), so that the combination moves towards the regulating device (3) under the action of the magnetic field, and the water enters the second separation device (9) from the rightmost side of the separation chamber (7). The small particle combination in the microplastic particles has a weaker magnetism and moves from between the two separation partitions (8) to the second separation device (9). The large particle combination has a stronger magnetism and enters the second separation device (9) from the leftmost side. S4: The microplastic particle combination that enters the No. 2 separation device (9) cannot pass through the filter plate (11) due to its large volume, and can only enter the No. 3 separation device (13) along the filter plate (11). Part of the water that enters flows out from the filter holes opened on the filter plate (11). By opening the control panel (12) on the No. 3 separation device (13), the separation rod (21) is made magnetic. After the microplastic particle combination slides off the filter plate (11), it collides with the unevenly distributed separation rod (21) and disintegrates. The magnetic The nanoparticles are adsorbed by the separation rod (21), and the non-magnetic microplastic particles fall from the No. 3 separation device (13) into the collection device (14). After the sample water is poured at the No. 1 feeding port (4), the electrode (16) and the magnetic pole (18) are closed, so that part of the combined substance adsorbed on the inner wall of the magnetic pole (18) enters the No. 2 separation device (9), and then the separated microplastic particles enter the collection device (14). Finally, a new collection device (14) is replaced, and the control panel (12) is closed to recover the magnetic nanoparticles.