A method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material

Abstract

The application relates to a preparation method of a low-dimensional non-lead perovskite polymer composite applied to the field of low-dimensional semiconductors, and provides a novel microemulsion method of a proton solvent-mediated low-dimensional non-lead perovskite, so as to improve the dispersion difficulty of the perovskite in a mother liquor medium, improve the uniformity of the perovskite micro-nano structure, and further enhance the external quantum efficiency of a light-emitting solar concentrator using the composite material, effectively solve the barrier of the related technology at the present stage to the distribution regulation of the non-lead low-dimensional perovskite in the composite material, and abandon the introduction of a traditional lead metal based on the light-emitting solar concentrator of the non-lead low-dimensional perovskite, so that the environmental protection is high, the environmental hazards are small, the cost is low, the device output power is stable, the method is suitable for commercialized building integrated photovoltaic products, including but not limited to photovoltaic windows / roof / curtain walls and the like, and is helpful to the development of the zero-carbon building field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material, and particularly to a method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material for use in the field of low-dimensional semiconductors. Background Technology

[0002] Perovskite semiconductors offer significant advantages in photovoltaic cells, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and photodetectors due to their simple manufacturing cost and excellent optoelectronic properties. Compared to traditional three-dimensional perovskites, low-dimensional perovskite semiconductors possess reliable environmental stability. By designing the spatial configuration of spacer molecules and the binding sites of local branches, the database of formable low-dimensional structures (two-dimensional, one-dimensional, and zero-dimensional) can be greatly expanded. This provides a reliable theoretical basis and design strategy for controlling their emission spectrum bands, exciton radiation efficiency, and electron transport mechanisms. However, the lead ions contained in general perovskite structures are environmentally toxic, hindering the widespread application of corresponding low-dimensional structures in practical devices. Examples include the polymer-doped quasi-two-dimensional lead halide perovskite thin films, their preparation methods, and applications disclosed in Chinese Patent CN117683537A, and the lead halide perovskite nanocrystal-polymer thin films and their preparation methods disclosed in Chinese Patent CN113136043A. Therefore, the comprehensive design of high-performance low-dimensional lead-free perovskites has always been a research focus in this field.

[0003] In recent years, light-emitting solar concentrators (LSCs) have developed rapidly. They can be integrated "invisibly" into the built environment without adversely affecting the aesthetics of buildings or the quality of life of residents, making them a potential advantageous technology in the field of Building Integrated Photovoltaics (BIPV). LSCs mainly involve embedding prefabricated polymer or glass waveguide materials with guest particles (chromophores) doped or coated with high luminescence yield. During operation, direct or scattered photons are continuously absorbed and re-emitted by the chromophores in the waveguide medium, and then guided to the edge of the waveguide, ultimately driving the photovoltaic cells attached to the edge of the LSC to generate electricity.

[0004] Currently, most chromophores used in LSCs are concentrated in inorganic quantum dot systems. However, the traditional synthesis process of inorganic quantum dots requires a series of constraints such as high temperature and inertia, resulting in high energy consumption and poor yield. Therefore, perovskite quantum dot materials, which are inexpensive and have excellent performance, have become a novel material for future LSCs and have shown good device performance. Nevertheless, perovskite quantum dot-based LSCs are still significantly limited by problems such as easy aggregation, hydrolysis, and phase transition. In contrast, low-dimensional lead-free perovskites possess excellent stability and extremely high quantum yield, and can maximize the utilization of the indirect radiation pathway of self-trapped excitons to achieve minimized coupling between photon absorption and re-emission, potentially leading to high-performance, environmentally friendly LSC devices.

[0005] The realization of target LSCs is typically based on the architecture of chromophore-polymer composites. Therefore, most of the polymer medium and chromophore material need to be dissolved in a uniform nonpolar solvent (e.g., toluene) in appropriate proportions beforehand, and then cured in a mold of a certain size by heating / UV treatment to form a composite material. However, as an orthogonal solvent for low-dimensional lead-free perovskite mother liquor, the nonpolar solvent spontaneously promotes the nucleation and crystallization of chromophores during mixing, producing micro / nano crystals with random distribution of size and uniformity. The resulting mixed solution greatly limits the use of low-dimensional lead-free perovskite-polymer composites for high-performance LSCs.

[0006] Currently, there are no reports on how to solve the aforementioned key problems with this composite material system. Therefore, it is urgent to develop related technologies to solve the problem of dielectric dispersion of such perovskites, in order to realize high-performance LSCs devices. Summary of the Invention

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned prior art, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is that non-polar solvents, as orthogonal solvents for low-dimensional lead-free perovskite mother liquor, will spontaneously promote the nucleation and crystallization of chromophores during the mixing process, producing micro- and nano-crystals with random distribution of size and uniformity.

[0008] To address the above problems, this invention provides a method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material, comprising the following steps:

[0009] S1. Uniform crystal particles are obtained by grinding non-lead low-dimensional perovskite single crystal materials.

[0010] S2. Dissolve the obtained crystal particles in a proton solvent to obtain mother liquor A;

[0011] S3. Dissolve the polymer material in a non-polar solvent to obtain mother liquor B;

[0012] S4. Both mother liquor A and mother liquor B are preheated and stirred for 10 minutes at a preheating temperature of 50°C. Mother liquor A is added to mother liquor B in an appropriate ratio. The temperature is maintained at 50°C during mixing. After mixing evenly, a microemulsion of the composite material is obtained. Then, the microemulsion is vacuum-extracted at 50°C to remove air bubbles from the liquid.

[0013] S5. A certain amount of the microemulsion is poured into a glass template with monitoring function. During pouring, the glass template is clamped and limited by metal clamps, and the distribution of the microemulsion in the glass template is monitored. After uniform distribution, the template is placed in a hot oven by metal clamps and heated at 60°C for 1 hour to solidify the microemulsion. After solidification, the glass template is removed, and then laser polishing and grinding are performed to obtain a light-emitting solar concentrator with high external quantum efficiency.

[0014] In the above-mentioned preparation method of low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material, a novel proton solvent-mediated microemulsion method for low-dimensional lead-free perovskite is provided to improve the dispersion problem of this type of perovskite in the mother liquor medium, improve the uniformity of the perovskite micro-nano structure, and thus enhance the external quantum efficiency of the light-emitting solar concentrator using this type of composite material. This effectively solves the barrier of existing related technologies for the distribution control of lead-free low-dimensional perovskite in composite materials.

[0015] As a further improvement to this application, the proton solvent includes one or more of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol, preferably isopropanol.

[0016] The polymer material is at least one of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polystyrene (PS), polycarbonate (PC), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), or polyvinylidene fluoride (PCVDF), and the degree of polymerization of each polymer molecule ranges from 1 to positive infinity. The polymer material is preferably polymethyl methacrylate with an average molecular weight of 120,000.

[0017] The nonpolar solvent is an aromatic solvent, including at least one of chlorobenzene, toluene, p-xylene, and o-dichlorobenzene.

[0018] As a further improvement to this application, the general structural formula of the lead-free low-dimensional perovskite in step S1 is ApBqXr, in which:

[0019] A is at least one of the following: alkali metal cations (including Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+), alkaline earth metal ions (including Be2+, ​​Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, Ba2+), and ammonium ions (including primary ammonium, secondary ammonium, tertiary ammonium, and quaternary ammonium);

[0020] B is Ge 2+ Sn 2+ Sb 3+ Bi 3+ Cu + / 2+ Zn + / 2+ Eu2 + / 3+ Ag + Au + At least one of;

[0021] X is a halide ion, mainly I. - ,Br - Cl - You may choose at least one of them, where p, q, and r are any positive integers.

[0022] As a further improvement of this application, the non-lead low-dimensional perovskite has the structural formula Bmp2SnBr4, wherein Bmp is a 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidine ion, which belongs to the ammonium ion. The Bmp2SnBr4 material has significant self-trapped exciton luminescence characteristics and excellent luminescence performance, making it suitable as a chromophore for high-performance luminescent solar concentrators.

[0023] As a further improvement to this application, the mother liquor A is a single component or a mixture of components of non-lead low-dimensional perovskite in any proportion, and the concentration range of the mother liquor A is 0.01 mg·mL. -1 Up to 100 mg·mL -1 Between, and preferably 20 mg / mL -1 The concentration range for preparing mother liquor B is 10 mg / mL. -1 Up to 1000 mg·mL -1 Between and preferably 20 mg / mL -1 In step S4, the mixing volume ratio of mother liquor B and mother liquor A is 1-1000:1, preferably 100:1.

[0024] As a further improvement of this application, the glass template includes two white glass plates, with rubber strips sandwiched between the four edges of the two white glass plates. The uppermost rubber strip is fixedly connected to an injection pipe and two vent pipes, and both the vent pipes and the injection pipes are connected to the space enclosed by the two white glass plates. The injection pipe is located in the middle of the rubber strip, and the two vent pipes are located at the two ends of the rubber strip near the edge of the white glass plate. Solenoid valves are installed on both vent pipes, and an overflow detection unit is installed at the outer end of the vent pipes.

[0025] As a further improvement of this application, the overflow detection unit includes an outer shell fixedly connected to the outer end of the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe is a rigid transparent structure, and a laser emitter is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell. The laser emitting end of the laser emitter is facing the exhaust pipe.

[0026] As a further improvement of this application, the metal clamp includes a base plate, the upper end of which is connected to two connecting rods via an electric slide rail. A sensing plate is fixedly connected to the top of each of the two connecting rods, and a clamping plate is fixedly connected to the end of each sensing plate that is close to each other. The sensing plate includes a back plate, a cover plate, and a miniature interlayer fixedly connected between the two. The cover plate is connected to the clamping plate, and a pressure sensor is fixedly installed on the back plate facing the middle of the clamping plate.

[0027] As a further improvement of this application, the miniature interlayer is made of an elastic material, and a number of guide rods are fixedly connected to one end of the cover plate near the back plate. A number of corresponding guide holes are drilled in both the miniature interlayer and the back plate, and the guide rods move through the corresponding guide rods. Detection holes are drilled in the middle of the miniature interlayer, the cover plate, and the interlayer, and the detection holes are coaxially arranged with the pressure sensor.

[0028] As a further improvement of this application, the detection end of the pressure sensor is located inside the detection hole on the clamping plate, and the distance between the detection end and the edge of the detection hole away from the sensing plate is 1-2 mm.

[0029] In summary, a novel proton solvent-mediated microemulsion method for low-dimensional lead-free perovskite is presented to improve the dispersion of this type of perovskite in the mother liquor medium, enhance the uniformity of the perovskite micro / nano structure, and thus improve the external quantum efficiency of solar concentrators using this composite material. This effectively solves the barrier of existing related technologies for the distribution control of lead-free low-dimensional perovskite in composite materials. Furthermore, the solar concentrator based on lead-free low-dimensional perovskite eliminates the need for traditional lead metal, resulting in high environmental friendliness, low environmental impact, low cost, and stable device output power. It is suitable for commercial building-integrated photovoltaic products, including but not limited to photovoltaic windows / roofs / curtain walls, contributing to the development of zero-carbon buildings. Attached Figure Description

[0030] Figure 1 This is the main flowchart of this application;

[0031] Figure 2 The fluorescence spectrum and corresponding external quantum efficiency obtained from the microemulsion test of the first embodiment of this application;

[0032] Figure 3 The fluorescence spectrum and corresponding external quantum efficiency of the luminescent solar concentrator obtained in the first embodiment of this application are shown, along with the attenuation diagram compared to the microemulsion.

[0033] Figure 4 The JV curve and efficiency graph under standard sunlight were obtained when the edge of the obtained light-emitting solar concentrator was constructed into an LSC photovoltaic power generation device for the first embodiment of this application.

[0034] Figure 5 The fluorescence spectrum and corresponding external quantum efficiency obtained from the microemulsion test of the second embodiment of this application;

[0035] Figure 6 The fluorescence spectrum and corresponding external quantum efficiency of the luminescent solar concentrator obtained in the second embodiment of this application are shown, along with the attenuation diagram compared to the microemulsion.

[0036] Figure 7 The JV curve and efficiency graph under standard sunlight were obtained when the edge of the obtained luminous solar concentrator was constructed into an LSC photovoltaic power generation device for the second embodiment of this application.

[0037] Figure 8 The JV curve and efficiency diagram of the LSC photovoltaic power generation device according to the third embodiment of this application;

[0038] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram illustrating the pouring of microemulsion into a glass template in the first, second, and third embodiments of this application.

[0039] Figure 10 This is a partial schematic diagram of the overflow detection unit in the first, second, and third embodiments of this application;

[0040] Figure 11 This is a right-side perspective view of the metal clamp in the first, second, and third embodiments of this application;

[0041] Figure 12 This is a left-side perspective view of the metal clamp in the first, second, and third embodiments of this application;

[0042] Figure 13 Exploded views of the metal clamp portion in the first, second, and third embodiments of this application;

[0043] Explanation of the labels in the diagram:

[0044] 1. White glass plate, 2. Rubber strip, 201. Injection pipe, 202. Exhaust pipe, 3. Outer shell, 301. Laser emitter, 41. Base plate, 42. Connecting rod, 43. Sensing plate, 431. Back plate, 432. Miniature interlayer, 433. Cover plate, 44. Clamping plate, 401. Guide rod, 402. Guide hole, 5. Pressure sensor. Detailed Implementation

[0045] The three embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0046] First implementation method:

[0047] S1. The selected lead-free low-dimensional perovskite is a single crystal material of Bmp2SnBr4. The single crystal is then ground with a mortar or ball mill to obtain crystal materials with a size distribution in the range of 10nm-1000nm.

[0048] S2. Place 20 mg of perovskite crystal material in a glass flask, then add 1 mL of anhydrous ethanol. Heat and stir at 50°C for at least 20 minutes to fully dissolve the perovskite and form mother liquor A. Keep warm until ready for use.

[0049] S3. Place 2000 mg of polymethyl methacrylate material in a glass flask, then add 10 mL of chlorobenzene. Heat and stir at 50°C for at least 1 hour to fully dissolve and form mother liquor B. Keep warm until ready for use.

[0050] S4. The operation steps for the composite material microemulsion are as follows: Use a pipette to take 1.0 mL of stock solution B and add it to a clean glass flask. Then, use a pipette to take 0.1 mL of stock solution A and add it to the flask. Heat and stir at 50°C for at least 1 hour until homogeneous and fully dissolved. Remove air bubbles from the solution using vacuum extraction to form a microemulsion, and keep it warm until use. The fluorescence spectrum and corresponding external quantum efficiency of the microemulsion are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0051] S5. A glass template is constructed by combining two white glass plates 1 (80mm*80mm*5mm) and four rubber strips 2 (80mm*10mm*6mm). The rubber strips serve as spacers and seal the perimeter of the two white glass plates. The glass template is clamped and fixed using metal clamps. A certain amount of microemulsion is added to fill the spaces between the templates completely. The template is then placed in a hot oven and heated at 60°C for at least 1 hour to ensure complete curing of the internal material. After removal, it is allowed to cool at room temperature. The two white glass plates 1 and four rubber strips 2 are then removed. The resulting luminescent solar concentrator is then laser-processed, polished, and ground to obtain a size of 50mm*50mm*6mm. The fluorescence spectrum, corresponding external quantum efficiency, and attenuation ratio compared to the microemulsion are tested. Figure 3 As shown.

[0052] Subsequently, perovskite solar panels were fixed to the edge of the light-emitting solar concentrator prepared through the above process using photocurable adhesive to construct an LSC photovoltaic power generation device. The JV curve and efficiency under standard sunlight were then tested. Figure 4 As shown.

[0053] It is worth noting that when this solar concentrator is used, commercial solar cells (such as silicon cells, cadmium telluride cells, perovskite cells, etc.) can be directly attached to the edge of the concentrator to ensure effective photovoltaic power output.

[0054] In step S5, as Figure 9 The glass template includes two white glass plates 1, with rubber strips 2 clamped between the four edges of each plate 1. The uppermost rubber strip 2 is fixedly connected to an injection pipe 201 and two vent pipes 202, both communicating with the space enclosed by the two white glass plates 1. The injection pipe 201 is located in the middle of the rubber strip 2, and the two vent pipes 202 are located at opposite ends of the rubber strip 2 near the edges of the white glass plates 1. Each vent pipe 202 is equipped with a solenoid valve, and an overflow detection unit is installed at the outer end of each vent pipe 202. Figure 10The overflow detection unit includes an outer shell 3 fixedly connected to the outer end of the vent pipe 202. The vent pipe 202 is a rigid transparent structure. A laser emitter 301 is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell 3. The laser emitting end of the laser emitter 301 faces the vent pipe 202. When pouring microemulsion into the glass template, it can be poured into it through the injection pipe 201. During pouring, the two vent pipes 202 are used to vent. When the liquid level of the microemulsion reaches the top, some microemulsion will enter the vent pipe 202. At this time, the laser beam emitted by the laser emitter 301 will be blocked or weakened to a certain extent, thereby enabling the monitoring of the microemulsion pouring situation.

[0055] like Figure 11-12 The metal clamp includes a base plate 41. Two connecting rods 42 are connected to the upper end of the base plate 41 via an electric slide rail. Sensing plates 43 are fixedly connected to the top of each of the two connecting rods 42. Clamping plates 44 are fixedly connected to the ends of the two sensing plates 43 that are close to each other. Each sensing plate 43 includes a back plate 431, a cover plate 433, and a miniature interlayer 432 fixedly connected between the two. The cover plate 433 is connected to the clamping plate 44. A pressure sensor 5 is fixedly installed on the back plate 431 facing the center of the clamping plate 44. When the laser emitter 301 detects that the microemulsion has entered the exhaust pipe 202, it can control the solenoid valve to close, thus closing the opening of the exhaust pipe 202. At this time, a small amount of microemulsion continues to be injected to facilitate the microemulsion's growth. The microemulsion is redistributed between the two white glass plates 1, effectively filling uneven or unfilled spaces, thus ensuring uniform distribution between the two white glass plates 1. As the microemulsion continues to fill, once saturated, it exerts an outward pushing force on the two white glass plates 1, causing slight compression of the micro-layer 432. This brings the pressure sensor 5 into contact with the white glass plates 1, generating force data. Once the data is generated, the microemulsion pouring can be stopped, and the next step can be performed. Through the above operation, uneven or unfilled areas during microemulsion pouring can be effectively avoided, thus ensuring the quality of the obtained solar concentrator.

[0056] like Figure 13 The miniature interlayer 432 is made of elastic material. Multiple guide rods 401 are fixedly connected to one end of the cover plate 433 near the back plate 431. Multiple corresponding guide holes 402 are drilled on both the miniature interlayer 432 and the back plate 431. The guide rods 401 move through the corresponding guide rods 401. Detection holes are drilled in the middle of the miniature interlayer 432, the cover plate 433 and the clamping plate 44. The detection holes are coaxially set with the pressure sensor 5. The guide rods 401 and the guide holes 402 are mainly used for guidance and limiting. When the miniature interlayer 432 is slightly deformed due to force, the clamping plate 44 moves accordingly and is not prone to radial displacement, thereby effectively ensuring its clamping stability on the glass template.

[0057] The detection end of the pressure sensor 5 is located inside the detection hole on the clamping plate 44, and the distance between the detection end and the edge of the detection hole away from the opening of the sensing plate 43 is 1-2mm. This makes it difficult for the pressure sensor 5 to generate force data when the microemulsion is not fully filled between the two white glass plates 1. However, after full filling, the pressure sensor 5 can be easily triggered, thereby effectively ensuring the accuracy of monitoring the filling status of the microemulsion during the pouring process.

[0058] Second implementation method:

[0059] Unlike the first embodiment, this embodiment uses ethanol as the proton solvent, while other preparation conditions remain consistent with the first embodiment. Relevant data from the preparation process include the external quantum yield and decay rate of the microemulsion and the luminescent solar collector, the JV curve and efficiency of the LSC photovoltaic power generation device, etc. Figure 5-7 As shown.

[0060] The third implementation method:

[0061] Unlike the first embodiment, the fabricated luminous solar concentrator measures 500mm x 500mm x 6mm, while other fabrication conditions remain the same as in the first embodiment. Compared to the first embodiment, the solar panels used have 10 cells connected in parallel on each side. Corresponding data includes the JV curve and efficiency of the LSC photovoltaic power generation device. Figure 8 As shown.

[0062] In light of current practical needs, the above-described embodiments adopted in this application are not limited to these. Any changes made within the scope of knowledge possessed by those skilled in the art without departing from the concept of this application still fall within the protection scope of this invention.

Claims

1. A method for preparing a low-dimensional non-lead perovskite polymer composite, characterized by: The method comprises the following steps: S1, obtaining uniform crystal particles by grinding non-lead low-dimensional perovskite single crystal material; S2, dissolving the obtained crystal particles in a protic solvent to obtain mother liquor A; S3, dissolving a polymer material in a non-polar solvent to obtain mother liquor B; S4, preheating mother liquor A and mother liquor B, and stirring for 10 minutes, the preheating temperature is 50°C, adding mother liquor A into mother liquor B according to a proper proportion, maintaining the temperature at 50°C during mixing, and obtaining a microemulsion of the composite material after uniform mixing, and then removing the bubbles in the microemulsion at a temperature of 50°C by vacuum pumping; S5, pouring a certain amount of the microemulsion into a glass mold with monitoring function, clamping and limiting the glass mold by a metal clamp during pouring, monitoring the distribution of the microemulsion in the glass mold, and then placing the glass mold into a hot oven through the metal clamp after uniform distribution, and heating at a temperature of 60°C for 1 hour to realize the solidification of the microemulsion, removing the glass mold after solidification, and then obtaining a light-emitting solar concentrator with high external quantum efficiency through laser polishing and polishing treatment; The protic solvent comprises one or more of methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol; The polymer material is at least one of polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, polycarbonate, polydimethylsiloxane, polyvinylidene fluoride, or polyvinylidene. The non-polar solvent is an aromatic solvent, comprising at least one of chlorobenzene, toluene, p-xylene, and o-dichlorobenzene; The structure of the non-lead low-dimensional perovskite is Bmp2SnBr4, wherein Bmp is 1-butyl-1-methylpiperidinium ion. The mother liquor A is a single component of non-lead low-dimensional perovskite, and the preparation concentration of the mother liquor A ranges from 0.01 mg·mL -1 to 100 mg·mL -1 The preparation concentration of the mother liquor B ranges from 10 mg·mL -1 to 1000 mg·mL -1 In the step S4, the volume ratio of the mixture of the mother liquor B and the mother liquor A is 1-1000:

1.

2. The method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material according to claim 1, characterized in that: The glass mold comprises two white glass plates (1), rubber strips (2) are clamped between the four edges of the two white glass plates (1), an injection pipe (201) and two exhaust pipes (202) are fixedly connected to the upper end of the uppermost rubber strip (2), the exhaust pipes (202) and the injection pipe (201) are communicated with the space surrounded by the two white glass plates (1), the injection pipe (201) is located at the middle of the rubber strip (2), the two exhaust pipes (202) are respectively located at the two ends of the rubber strip (2) close to the edges of the white glass plates (1), an electromagnetic valve is installed on each of the two exhaust pipes (202), and an overflow detection unit is installed at the outer end of the exhaust pipe (202).

3. The method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material according to claim 2, characterized in that: The overflow detection unit comprises an outer shell (3) fixedly connected to the outer end of the exhaust pipe (202), the exhaust pipe (202) is a hard transparent structure, a laser emitter (301) is installed on the inner wall of the outer shell (3), and the laser emission end of the laser emitter (301) faces the exhaust pipe (202).

4. The method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material according to claim 3, characterized in that: The metal clamp comprises a bottom plate (41), two connecting rods (42) are connected to the upper end of the bottom plate (41) through electric sliding rails, the top of each of the two connecting rods (42) is fixedly connected with a sensing plate (43), the end of each of the two sensing plates (43) close to each other is fixedly connected with a clamping plate (44), the sensing plate (43) comprises a back plate (431), a cover plate (433) and a micro shrinkage interlayer (432) fixedly connected between the back plate (431) and the cover plate (433), the cover plate (433) is connected with the clamping plate (44), and the middle part of the back plate (431) towards the clamping plate (44) is fixedly installed with a pressure sensor (5).

5. The method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material according to claim 4, characterized in that: The micro shrinkage interlayer (432) is made of elastic material, a plurality of guide rods (401) are fixedly connected to the end of the cover plate (433) close to the back plate (431), a plurality of corresponding guide holes (402) are dug on the micro shrinkage interlayer (432) and the back plate (431), the guide rods (401) are movably penetrated through the corresponding guide holes (402), detection holes are dug in the middle part of the micro shrinkage interlayer (432), the cover plate (433) and the clamping plate (44), and the detection holes are coaxially arranged with the pressure sensor (5).

6. The method for preparing a low-dimensional lead-free perovskite polymer composite material according to claim 5, characterized in that: The detection end of the pressure sensor (5) is located in the detection hole on the clamping plate (44), and the distance between the detection end and the edge of the mouth of the detection hole away from the sensing plate (43) is 1-2 mm.

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