Variable transmittance optical laminate, method for manufacturing same, smart window, vehicle, automobile, wearable device, and window for construction

Abstract

The present invention provides a variable transmittance optical laminate, a method for manufacturing the same, a smart window, a vehicle, an automobile, a wearable device, and a building window, the variable transmittance optical laminate including a dimming panel, a planar vibration unit, and a noise control unit including a noise receiving unit, a noise analyzing unit, and a frequency transmitting unit. The transmittance variable optical laminate of the present invention not only can adjust the light transmittance according to the applied voltage, but also can effectively remove, control, cancel, reduce and / or block external noise.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical laminate and a method for manufacturing the same, a smart window, a vehicle, an automobile, a wearable device and a window for a building. Background Art

[0002] Generally speaking, glass windows of mobile tools such as vehicles are often coated with external light blocking coatings. However, the transmittance of glass windows of conventional mobile tools is fixed, and the transmittance of external light blocking coatings is also fixed. Therefore, since the overall transmittance of the windows of such conventional mobile tools is fixed, accidents may occur. For example, if the overall transmittance is set low, there will be no problem during the day when the surrounding light is sufficient. However, in situations such as the night when the surrounding light is insufficient, there is a problem that it is difficult for the driver and the like to correctly view the surrounding conditions of the mobile tool. In addition, if the overall transmittance is set high, there is a problem that it may cause dazzle to the driver and the like during the day when the surrounding light is sufficient. For this reason, a variable transmittance optical laminate that can change the transmittance of light when a voltage is applied has been developed.

[0003] In recent years, the need for smart windows having not only light transmittance but also a noise control function for blocking noise from outside of cars and / or buildings has become prominent.

[0004] Korean Registered Patent Gazette No. 10-2347298 discloses a window as a soundproof and soundproofing window, which includes a pair of noise-blocking joined glasses and an electromagnetic wave shielding material disposed at the top of the joined glasses. However, when the window is applied to a structure, it is difficult to simultaneously adjust the light transmittance variability due to the applied voltage and the soundproofing performance based on the noise level.

[0005] Prior art literature

[0006] Patent Literature

[0007] Patent Document 1: Korean Registered Patent Gazette No. 10-2347298 Summary of the invention

[0008] Issues to be solved

[0009] In order to solve the above-described problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical stack that utilizes an anti-phase frequency emitted according to external noise and removes noise through planar vibration.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to provide a variable transmittance optical layered body which does not include a separate substrate for forming a conductive layer and thus has a simplified production process.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to provide a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate and a car or building window to which the smart window is applied.

[0012] However, the problems to be solved by the present invention are not limited to the problems mentioned above, and a person skilled in the art should be able to clearly understand other problems not mentioned based on the following description.

[0013] Solution to the problem

[0014] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical stack, which includes a dimming panel, a planar vibration unit and a noise control unit, wherein the noise control unit includes a noise receiving unit, a noise analyzing unit and a frequency transmitting unit.

[0015] The present invention can be used for removing, controlling, offsetting, reducing and / or blocking external noise, wherein the noise control unit converts the noise received by the noise receiving unit in the noise analysis unit, and sends its inverse frequency through the frequency sending unit to vibrate the planar vibration unit and the dimming panel, thereby removing the noise.

[0016] In the present invention, the anti-phase frequency transmitted by the frequency transmitting unit may be in the range of 500 to 5000 Hz.

[0017] In the present invention, the above-mentioned planar vibration part may include at least one polymer material selected from polyester (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (TPX), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0018] The present invention may be characterized in that the planar vibration portion is disposed at a peripheral portion of the dimming panel.

[0019] In the present invention, the area occupied by the planar vibration portion may be 5-30% of the entire area of ​​the dimming panel.

[0020] The present invention may be characterized in that the noise control unit is connected to the planar vibration unit and the separate power supply unit, and is linked to the opening and closing of the window and activated when the window is closed.

[0021] In the present invention, the dimming panel may include: a first polarizing plate; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate opposite to the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and opposite to the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer arranged between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate.

[0022] In the present invention, at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer may include one or more selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, conductive inks, and nanowires.

[0023] In the present invention, at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer may be formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate without including a separate substrate therebetween.

[0024] In the present invention, at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer may be formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate by including an easy-adhesion layer therebetween.

[0025] In the present invention, at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may include one or more selected from the group consisting of a functional coating layer, a protective layer, a phase difference adjusting layer, and a refractive index adjusting layer.

[0026] In the present invention, at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate may have a thickness of 30 μm to 200 μm.

[0027] In the present invention, the dimming panel may further include at least one selected from the group consisting of an adhesive / bonding layer, an ultraviolet absorption layer, and an impact-resistant layer.

[0028] In the present invention, the liquid crystal layer may include one or more spacers selected from the group consisting of ball spacers and column spacers.

[0029] In the present invention, the height of the spacer may be 1 μm to 10 μm.

[0030] In the present invention, the area occupied by the spacer in the liquid crystal layer may be 0.01% to 10% of the area of ​​the liquid crystal layer.

[0031] In the present invention, the liquid crystal layer may further include a sealant and an alignment film.

[0032] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for producing the variable transmittance optical layered body.

[0033] Furthermore, the present invention relates to a smart window including the variable transmittance optical laminate.

[0034] In addition, the present invention relates to a vehicle comprising the above-mentioned smart window.

[0035] In addition, the present invention relates to an automobile in which the above-mentioned smart window is applied to at least one of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a sunroof, and an interior partition.

[0036] In addition, the present invention relates to a wearable device comprising the above-mentioned smart window.

[0037] In addition, the present invention relates to a building window including the above-mentioned smart window.

[0038] Effects of the Invention

[0039] According to the variable transmittance optical stack of the present invention, it includes a dimming panel, a planar vibration part and a noise control part with a separate power supply part, so it can not only adjust the light transmittance according to the applied voltage, but also effectively remove, control, offset, reduce and / or block external noise.

[0040] Furthermore, according to the variable transmittance optical layered body of the present invention, the steps of forming a conductive layer on a substrate and bonding it to other members for forming the conventional optical layered body can be omitted, so that the production process can be simplified compared with the conventional optical layered body.

[0041] In addition, the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention can be significantly thinner than conventional optical laminates because a conductive layer is directly formed on one side of a polarizing plate without including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer. Therefore, when a planar vibration unit is introduced into a display device including a liquid crystal layer, the problem of reduced efficiency can be solved.

[0042] Furthermore, according to the variable transmittance optical layered body of the present invention, since the conductive layer is directly formed on one surface of the polarizing plate without including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, the transmittance in the light transmission mode can be improved compared to conventional optical layered bodies. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0043] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram simply illustrating the structure of the variable transmittance optical layered body of the present invention.

[0044] Figure 2a to 2cSchematic diagrams showing the structure of a variable transmittance optical stack in various embodiments of the present invention.

[0045] Figure 3 and Figure 4 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a stacked structure of a dimming panel and a planar vibration unit according to one or more embodiments of the present invention.

[0046] Explanation of symbols

[0047] 10: Transmittance variable optical laminate

[0048] 100: Dimming panel

[0049] 110-1 and 110-2: first polarizing plate and second polarizing plate

[0050] 120 - 1 and 120 - 2 : a first transparent conductive layer and a second transparent conductive layer

[0051] 130: Liquid crystal layer

[0052] 140: Oriented film

[0053] 150: Frame Sealing Adhesive

[0054] 160: Spacer

[0055] 200: Plane vibration part

[0056] 300: Noise Control Department

[0057] 310: Noise receiving unit

[0058] 320: Noise Analysis Department

[0059] 330: Frequency transmission unit DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0060] The present invention relates to a variable transmittance optical stack, a method for manufacturing the same and a smart window comprising the same. The variable transmittance optical stack comprises a dimming panel, a planar vibration unit and a noise control unit. The noise control unit comprises a noise receiving unit, a noise analyzing unit and a frequency transmitting unit.

[0061] In more detail, it relates to a variable transmittance optical stack for reducing external noise, wherein the dimming panel is formed in contact with a planar vibration portion and a noise control portion includes a separate power supply portion, so that the noise control portion converts the noise received by a noise receiving portion in a noise analysis portion, and sends its inverse frequency through a frequency sending portion to make the planar vibration portion and the dimming panel vibrate at the noise inverse frequency, thereby canceling out the noise.

[0062] In addition, the dimming panel is characterized in that it includes: a first polarizing plate; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate opposite to the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and opposite to the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, so that the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention is particularly suitable for the technical field of being able to change the transmittance of light according to the applied voltage, for example, it can be used for smart windows, etc. Further, compared with the display device including the liquid crystal layer in the past, the thickness of the laminate is significantly reduced, so that the noise reduction effect brought by the introduction of the planar vibration part can be maximized.

[0063] The so-called smart window refers to an optical structure that changes the transmittance of light according to the application of an electrical signal to control the amount of light or heat passing through. In other words, a smart window can change to a transparent, opaque or semi-transparent state according to voltage, and is also called variable transmittance glass, dimming glass or smart glass.

[0064] Smart windows can be used as partitions for dividing the interior space of vehicles and buildings or for protecting privacy, or as skylights arranged at openings of buildings. They can also be used as highway signs, billboards, scoreboards, clocks or advertising screens. They can replace the glass of windows or skylights of vehicles such as cars, buses, airplanes, ships or trains.

[0065] The variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention can also be used as a smart window in the above-mentioned technical fields, but because the conductive layer is directly formed on the polarizing plate and does not include a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, the thickness is thin, which is beneficial to the bending characteristics, and can be particularly suitable for use in smart windows for vehicles or buildings. In one or more embodiments, the smart window using the variable transmittance optical laminate of the present invention can be used in transportation tools, such as the front window, rear window, side window and skylight of a car, or a building window, etc. In addition to the purpose of blocking external light, it can also be used for the internal space division of cars or buildings, etc. or privacy protection purposes, such as internal partitions, etc., and can also be used in wearable devices such as helmets, glasses or watches.

[0066] Hereinafter, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the following drawings attached to this specification are only examples of preferred embodiments of the present invention, which serve to further understand the above-mentioned invention content and the technical concept of the present invention, so the present invention should not be interpreted only in accordance with the matters recorded in these drawings.

[0067] The terms used in this specification are intended to illustrate the embodiments and are not intended to limit the present invention. In this specification, unless otherwise specified in the context, the singular form also includes the plural form. For example, the "polarizing plate" used in this specification may refer to at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, and the "transparent conductive layer" may refer to at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer.

[0068] The terms "comprises" and / or "comprising" used in this specification are used to mean that they do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other constituent elements, steps, actions and / or elements other than the mentioned constituent elements, steps, actions and / or elements. Throughout the specification, the same reference numerals refer to the same constituent elements.

[0069] As illustrated in the accompanying drawings, spatially relative terms "below", "bottom", "lower", "above", "upper surface", "upper part", etc. can be used to easily describe the correlation between one element or constituent element and other elements or constituent elements. Spatially relative terms should be understood as terms that include different directions of the elements when in use or in operation in addition to the directions illustrated in the drawings. For example, when the elements illustrated in the drawings are turned over, the elements described as "below" or "lower" of other elements can be placed "above" other elements. Therefore, the exemplary term "below" can include both directions below and above. Elements can also be oriented in other directions, so spatially relative terms can be interpreted according to orientation.

[0070] The "inside" or "interior" used in this specification may refer to the visible side of the main user. For example, when the variable transmittance optical stack is applied to a vehicle, it may refer to the visible side of the passengers, that is, the inside of the vehicle. When the variable transmittance optical stack is applied to a building, it may refer to the visible side of the users in the building, but it is not limited to this. The "outside" or "exterior" is a concept corresponding to the indoor side, and based on the variable optical stack, it may refer to the opposite side of the visible side of the main user.

[0071] The “top-view direction” used in the present specification may be interpreted as a direction perpendicular to the polarizing plate and / or the transparent conductive layer, that is, a direction viewed from the visible side of a user.

[0072] The term “substantially” as used in this specification may be interpreted not only as physically identical or identical but also as including the situation within the error range in the measurement or manufacturing process. For example, it may be interpreted as being within the error range of 0.1% or less.

[0073] <Transmittance variable optical laminate and method for producing the same>

[0074] Figure 1 Schematic diagram showing the structure of the variable transmittance optical layered body of the present invention. Figure 1 , a variable transmittance optical stack 10 of an embodiment of the present invention may include a dimming panel 100 and a planar vibration portion 200, and may include a noise control portion 300 connected to a separate external power supply. The noise control portion 300 may include a noise receiving portion 310, a noise analyzing portion 320, and a frequency transmitting portion 330. The present invention is characterized in that, through the vibration of the planar vibration portion 200, the noise controlled by the noise control portion 300 is offset by an anti-phase frequency opposite to the noise. Such technical features of the present invention are particularly maximized by the following structure, that is, by directly forming a conductive layer on one side of the polarizing plate of the dimming panel 100 without including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, the thickness is significantly reduced compared with the previous optical stack.

[0075] Noise Control Department

[0076] Reference Figure 1 The noise control unit 300 of one embodiment of the present invention may include a noise receiving unit 310, a noise analyzing unit 320 and a frequency transmitting unit 330, and may further include additional configurations within the scope of not impairing the purpose of the present invention.

[0077] The noise control unit 300 plays a role in converting the external noise received by the noise receiving unit 310 in the noise analysis unit 320, and sending its inverse frequency through the frequency sending unit 330 to vibrate the later-described planar vibration unit 200 and / or dimming panel 100, thereby offsetting and removing the noise.

[0078] The noise receiving unit 310 is not particularly limited as long as it is a mechanism capable of receiving external noise and its frequency, and may include one or more of a listening device and a noise sensor, preferably including a listening device and a noise sensor. The listening device is not particularly limited as long as it is a device capable of collecting external noise. As an example, it may be a device for receiving sound conducted through the external air, specifically a microphone. The listening device may be provided as one or more, preferably provided at the outermost side of the variable transmittance optical stack of the present invention, so as to easily collect external noise. In the case of providing a plurality of the above-mentioned listening devices, they may be arranged in different directions from each other so as to be able to collect noise from different directions from each other. The above-mentioned noise sensor may be composed of a sensor that receives sound using a material with fast sound conduction (e.g., beryllium, etc.). In addition, the noise receiving unit 310 of the present invention may be provided with an additional listening device and / or noise sensor on the inner side of the variable transmittance optical stack to monitor the noise reduction effect of the present invention.

[0079] The noise analysis unit 320 is a mechanism for analyzing the frequency of the external noise received by the noise receiving unit 310, and determining and transmitting the noise inversion frequency to be transmitted from the frequency transmitting unit 330. Specifically, when the external noise received by the noise receiving unit 310 is higher or lower than the preset noise level, the frequency to be transmitted from the frequency transmitting unit 330 can be controlled and transmitted. At this time, the frequency of the external noise can be determined by considering the noise direction when receiving the noise, whether the vehicle is traveling, the driving speed, etc., and the noise inversion frequency to be transmitted from the frequency transmitting unit 330 can also be determined by considering whether the vehicle is traveling, the driving speed, the internal noise, etc. when transmitting. In addition, the noise analysis unit 320 of the present invention can continuously accumulate external noise information and learn the noise changes caused by the inversion frequency transmitted from the frequency transmitting unit 330. As a result, the noise inversion frequency can be corrected according to the type of external noise and transmitted from the frequency transmitting unit 330 so as to most effectively remove, control, offset, reduce and / or block the above-mentioned external noise.

[0080] The frequency transmitting unit 330 is a mechanism for transmitting the noise inversion frequency received from the noise analyzing unit 320 to the planar vibrating unit. The inversion frequency transmitted from the frequency transmitting unit 330 may be, for example, in the range of 500 to 5000 Hz, but is not limited thereto. Specifically, the frequency transmitting unit 330 stores or transmits and / or transmits inversion information of sound source information such as the pitch, beat, speed, repetition pattern, etc. of the sound source analyzed by the noise analyzing unit 320. For example, the pitch of the sound source may be extracted and calculated using an autocorrelation method or a cepstrum analysis method.

[0081] The noise control unit 300 may be connected to the planar vibration unit 200 and a separate power supply unit (not shown), and may be linked to the opening and closing of the window, so as to be activated when the window is closed.

[0082] Plane vibration part

[0083] The function of the planar vibrator 200 is to vibrate the planar vibrator 200 and the dimming panel 100 at the anti-phase frequency of the noise through the anti-phase frequency received by the noise control unit 300, thereby canceling the noise from the outside and preventing it from being transmitted to the inside.

[0084] In the present invention, the vibration for offsetting the noise from the outside is realized by the dimming panel itself caused by the above-mentioned planar vibration part 200, rather than being based on the configuration on one side and / or point of the dimming panel, so the removal, control, offset, reduction and / or blocking effect of external noise will be maximized. In addition, in order to achieve the purpose of ensuring the field of view and offsetting the external noise in the dimming area at the same time, it is most preferred that the vibrator is located on the four edges of the panel, but it is not limited to this. For example, in the case of applying a membrane-like planar vibration part such as using a transparent piezoelectric element and coating an electrode on polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) to make it vibrate, it can also be as Figure 2c Thus configured into a patterned form and / or a deformed form thereof.

[0085] Reference Figure 2a and Figure 2b In the present invention, the planar vibrating portion 200 is characterized in that it is disposed at the peripheral portion of the dimming panel 100 .

[0086] As described later, the planar vibration portion may be made of a polymer film, and the polymer film may be non-transparent. Therefore, in order to ensure the field of view, it is preferred that the central portion of the dimming panel is open. Figure 2a As shown, it can be manufactured or arranged in one or more edge portions in the form of being arranged in the peripheral portions of the four sides of the dimming panel described later, or as Figure 2b As shown in FIG. 1 , the speaker may be manufactured in the form of being arranged at the two sides of the dimming panel, but it is not limited to this form as long as the central part is open. In addition, when the planar vibration part is transparent (for example, a membrane speaker using transparent PVDF), as shown in FIG. Figure 2c As shown, it can be configured to form a pattern in the horizontal or vertical direction within the plane.

[0087] The above-mentioned planar vibration portion may include a membrane of an inverse frequency capable of emitting noise, but is not particularly limited. As an example, it may include at least one polymer film selected from polyester (PET), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polyetheretherketone (PEEK), polypropylene (PP), polymethylpentene (TPX), polyimide (PI), polyetherimide (PEI), liquid crystal polymer (LCP) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF).

[0088] The film capable of emitting the anti-phase frequency of the noise may be a single layer or may be a multilayer of two or more layers depending on the purpose. As an example, it may be designed to improve the vibration damping property by stacking multiple layers of polymer films that are the same or different from each other.

[0089] Furthermore, a vibration plate material may be included on one or both surfaces of the film capable of emitting the anti-phase frequency of the noise. As an example, the vibration plate material may be aluminum.

[0090] In addition to the above contents, the planar vibration part of the present invention or its manufacturing method can apply the known contents related to the device capable of transmitting frequency without limitation within the scope of the purpose of the present invention. In addition, as long as the vibration frequency of the planar vibration part is within the range that does not interfere with each other, the frequency is not limited, and the noise in the frequency range of 500 to 5000 Hz transmitted by the noise control part 300 through the frequency transmitting part 330 can be removed.

[0091] In order to effectively reduce noise while ensuring a wide dimming area, the area occupied by the above-mentioned planar vibration portion is preferably 5% to 30% of the overall area of ​​the dimming panel. If the area of ​​the planar vibration portion is less than 5% of the overall area of ​​the dimming panel, it may be difficult to obtain the desired sufficient anti-phase vibration effect. If it is greater than 30%, the transmittance of the dimming area may be reduced and the field of view may be obstructed.

[0092] Dimming Panel

[0093] Figure 3 and Figure 4 Detailed cross-sectional view of the stacked structure of the dimming panel and the planar vibration unit of one or more embodiments of the present invention. The dimming panel 100 of the present invention has a conductive layer directly formed on one side of the polarizing plate without including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, so that the thickness is significantly reduced compared with the conventional optical laminate. Thus, the planar vibration unit 200 vibrates at an anti-phase frequency opposite to the noise, which can effectively remove, control, offset, reduce and / or block external noise.

[0094] Reference Figure 3 and Figure 4, the dimming panel 100 may include: a first polarizing plate 110-1; a first transparent conductive layer 120-1 formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate 110-2 opposite to the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer 120-2 formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and opposite to the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer 130 disposed between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, thereby being able to adjust the transmittance according to the applied voltage. In addition, the planar vibration unit 200 is as shown in Figure 3 and Figure 4 It can be formed on one side of the dimming panel 100 and can be applied indoors or outdoors without limitation based on the visible direction. However, considering that it can effectively reduce noise when actually close to the user's ears, it is more preferably applied indoors.

[0095] In addition, the dimming panel 100 may further include one or more selected from the group consisting of an adhesive / bonding layer (not shown), an ultraviolet absorption layer (not shown) and an impact-resistant layer (not shown), and the liquid crystal layer 130 may include an alignment film 140 and a frame sealant 150 .

[0096] polarizing plate

[0097] The polarizing plate 110 includes a polarizer, and at least one of the first polarizing plate 110-1 and the second polarizing plate 110-2 may also include a functional layer such as a functional coating, a protective layer, a phase difference adjustment layer and / or a refractive index adjustment layer. For example, the polarizing plate may include a polarizer and a protective layer stacked on one or both sides of the polarizer, may include a polarizer, a protective layer stacked on one side of the polarizer, and a phase difference adjustment layer stacked on the other side of the polarizer opposite to the one side, may include a polarizer, a protective layer stacked on one side of the polarizer, and a phase difference adjustment layer and a refractive index adjustment layer stacked in sequence on the other side of the polarizer opposite to the one side, may include a polarizer, a protective layer stacked on one side of the polarizer, and a protective layer and a phase difference adjustment layer stacked in sequence on the other side of the polarizer opposite to the one side.

[0098] The polarizer may be a conventional polarizer or a polarizer developed in the future. For example, a stretched polarizer or a coating polarizer may be used.

[0099] In one embodiment, the stretched polarizer may include a stretched polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin may be a polyvinyl alcohol resin obtained by saponifying a polyvinyl acetate resin. As the polyvinyl acetate resin, in addition to polyvinyl acetate which is a homopolymer of vinyl acetate, copolymers of vinyl acetate and other monomers copolymerizable therewith may also be mentioned. As the other monomers mentioned above, unsaturated carboxylic acid series, unsaturated sulfonic acid series, olefin series, vinyl ether series, acrylamide series monomers having an ammonium group, etc. may be mentioned. In addition, the polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) resin includes modified substances, for example, polyvinyl formal or polyvinyl acetal modified by aldehydes may also be mentioned.

[0100] In some embodiments, the coating type polarizer may be formed by using a liquid crystal coating composition. In this case, the liquid crystal coating composition may include a reactive liquid crystal compound and a dichroic dye.

[0101] The reactive liquid crystal compound may refer to a compound containing a mesogen skeleton and one or more polymerizable functional groups. Such reactive liquid crystal compounds are widely known by the name of so-called reactive mesogens (RM). The reactive liquid crystal compound may be polymerized by light or heat to form a cured film having a polymer network while maintaining the liquid crystal arrangement.

[0102] The reactive liquid crystal compound may be a monofunctional or polyfunctional reactive liquid crystal compound. The monofunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may be a compound having one polymerizable functional group, and the polyfunctional reactive liquid crystal compound may be a compound having two or more polymerizable functional groups.

[0103] The above-mentioned dichroic dye is a component added to the liquid crystal coating composition to impart polarization characteristics, and has a property that the absorbance in the long axis direction of the molecule is different from the absorbance in the short axis direction. The above-mentioned dichroic dye can use a dichroic dye developed in the past or in the future, for example, it can include one or more selected from the group consisting of azo dyes (azo dyes), anthraquinone dyes (anthraquinone dyes), perylene dyes (perylene dyes), merocyanine dyes (merocyanine dyes), azomethine dyes (azomethine dyes), phthaloperylene dyes (phthaloperylene dyes), indigo dyes (indigo dyes), dioxadine dyes (dioxadine dyes), polythiophene dyes (polythiophene dyes) and phenoxazine dyes (phenoxazine dyes).

[0104] The liquid crystal coating composition may further include a solvent capable of dissolving the reactive liquid crystal compound and the dichroic dye, for example, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate (PGMEA), methyl ethyl ketone (MEK), xylene, and chloroform, etc. In addition, the liquid crystal coating composition may further include a leveling agent, a polymerization initiator, etc., within a range that does not hinder the polarization characteristics of the coating film.

[0105] The functional coating may be provided to improve the hardness of the polarizing plate 110 . For example, in order to further improve the mechanical durability, an overcoat layer and / or a hard coating layer may be included.

[0106] The hard coating layer may be a hard coating layer previously or developed in the future. In one or more embodiments, the hard coating layer may be manufactured using a hard coating composition. The composition may include an acrylate compound or an epoxy compound, and may also include inorganic particles, a photoinitiator, and the like.

[0107] The acrylate compound may include a monomer or oligomer having a (meth)acrylate group, and the term "(meth)acryloyl-" used in this specification may be used to refer to "methacryloyl-", "acryloyl-", or both.

[0108] Non-limiting examples of the acrylate compounds include neopentyl glycol acrylate, 1,6-hexanediol (meth)acrylate, propylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, dipropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polyethylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, polypropylene glycol di(meth)acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri(meth)acrylate, trimethylolethane tri(meth)acrylate, 1,2,4-cyclohexane tetra(meth)acrylate, pentaglycerol tri(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tetra(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, dipentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, and the like. (Meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol tetra (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, tripentaerythritol tri (meth) acrylate, tripentaerythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, bis (2-hydroxyethyl) isocyanurate di (meth) acrylate, hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, isooctyl (meth) acrylate, isodecyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl (meth) acrylate, phenoxyethyl (meth) acrylate, isobornyl (meth) acrylate, etc. They can be used alone or in combination of two or more. The above-mentioned acrylate compound can include epoxy (meth) acrylate compound and / or urethane (meth) acrylate compound.

[0109] In addition, the epoxy compound may include a monomer or oligomer having at least one epoxy group in the molecule. The epoxy group may be an alicyclic epoxy group. The carbon number of the alicyclic ring contained in the epoxy group may be 3 to 7, for example, it may be an alicyclic epoxy group containing a cyclohexane ring (cyclohexyl epoxy group). The alicyclic ring may also have a substituent. For example, the alicyclic ring may include an alkyl substituent having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. When the carbon number of the alkyl substituent is greater than 20, it may be disadvantageous in terms of curing speed. The alkyl substituent may be a straight chain type or a branched type, and when it is a branched type, the carbon number may be 3 or more.

[0110] In the method for manufacturing a hard coating layer of the present invention, the hard coating composition may contain inorganic particles. According to one embodiment of the present invention, as the inorganic particles, inorganic particles with a particle size of nanometers can be used, for example, nanoparticles with a particle size of less than 100nm, preferably 10 to 100nm, and more preferably 10 to 50nm can be used. In addition, as the inorganic particles, for example, silica particles, aluminum oxide particles, titanium oxide particles, zinc oxide particles, etc. can be used. By including the inorganic particles, the hardness of the hard coating can be further improved. According to one embodiment of the present invention, the content of the inorganic particles can be 10 to 60% by weight, preferably 20 to 50% by weight, relative to the total weight of the hard coating composition. By including the inorganic particles in the above range, the hardness improvement effect of the hard coating brought about by the addition of inorganic particles can be achieved within the range that does not reduce the physical properties of the hard coating composition.

[0111] In the method for manufacturing a hard coating layer of the present invention, the hard coating composition may contain a photoinitiator. According to one embodiment of the present invention, as the photoinitiator, 1-hydroxy-cyclohexyl-phenyl ketone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone, 2-hydroxy-1-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)phenyl]-2-methyl-1-propanone, methyl benzoylformate, α,α-dimethoxy-α-phenylacetophenone, 2-benzoyl-2-(dimethylamino)-1-[4-(4-morpholinyl)phenyl]-1-butanone, 2-methyl-1-[4-(methylthio)phenyl]-2-(4-morpholinyl)-1-propanone, diphenyl(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide, bis(2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phenylphosphine oxide, etc. can be cited, but are not limited thereto. In addition, currently commercially available products include Irgacure 184, Irgacure 500, Irgacure 651, Irgacure 369, Irgacure 907, Darocur 1173, Darocur MBF, Irgacure 819, Darocur TPO, Irgacure 907, Esacure KIP100F, etc. These photoinitiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more different ones.

[0112] In the present invention, the content of the photoinitiator may be 0.5 to 10 wt %, preferably 1 to 5 wt %, relative to the total weight of the hard coating composition. When the photoinitiator is within the above range, sufficient cross-linking photopolymerization can be achieved without reducing the physical properties of the hard coating film.

[0113] On the other hand, in the method for producing a hard coating layer of the present invention, in addition to the above-mentioned components, the hard coating composition may further contain additives commonly used in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, such as surfactants, anti-yellowing agents, leveling agents, and antifouling agents. In addition, the content thereof can be variously adjusted within the range that does not reduce the physical properties of the hard coating composition of the present invention, and therefore is not particularly limited.

[0114] The low refractive index layer may also be provided to improve the hardness of the polarizing plate within the scope of not impairing the purpose of the present invention. The low refractive index layer may include one or more low refractive index agents selected from the group consisting of, for example, SiO2, Al2O3, MgF2, CaF, cryloite, etc., and in some embodiments, may include the compounds and / or resins used in the hard coating layer.

[0115] The above-mentioned hard coating layer and low refractive index layer can each be used alone, and in some embodiments, can also be used in a multilayer structure. The above-mentioned functional coating can be formed by direct contact on one side of the polarizer, but is not limited to this. For example, in the case where the polarizing plate includes a phase difference adjustment layer and / or a refractive index adjustment layer, the functional coating can be formed on one side of the phase difference adjustment layer and / or the refractive index adjustment layer described later, whereby the functional coating, the phase difference adjustment layer and / or the refractive index adjustment layer and the polarizer are stacked in sequence. The above-mentioned functional coating is preferably formed on the liquid crystal layer side of the polarizer, that is, on the inner side of the polarizer. For example, the first functional coating and the second functional coating can each be arranged on the inner side of the first polarizer and the second polarizer and configured in a manner relative to each other. In this case, the functional coating will impart a hardness to the polarizing plate at a level suitable for forming components such as a transparent conductive layer, thereby minimizing cracks or scratches generated during the manufacturing or processing steps of the optical laminate, and more effectively suppressing the pressure on the substrate surface caused by the frame sealant, thereby also having an advantage in reducing the thickness of the frame sealant.

[0116] The protective layer is intended to protect the polarization characteristics of the polarizer from the influence of the subsequent process and the external environment, and can be implemented in the form of a protective film, etc. The protective layer can be formed by directly contacting one or both sides of the polarizer, but is not limited to this. For example, the protective layer can also be used in a multilayer structure in which more than one protective layer is continuously stacked, and can be formed by directly contacting other functional layers.

[0117] In one or more embodiments, the protective layer may include one or more selected from the group consisting of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene isophthalate (PEI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), diacetyl cellulose, triacetyl cellulose (TAC), polycarbonate (PC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polymethyl acrylate (PMA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyethyl acrylate (PEA), polyethyl methacrylate (PEMA), and cyclic olefin polymer (COP). The thickness of the protective layer may be 10 to 100 μm, more preferably 20 to 80 μm.

[0118] In addition, an ultraviolet absorber may be included on the outermost surface of the protective layer to prevent the function of the optical laminate from being reduced. The ultraviolet absorber is not particularly limited as long as it is used to prevent the degradation of the optical laminate caused by ultraviolet rays. For example, salicylic acid ultraviolet absorbers (phenyl salicylate, p-tert-butyl salicylate, etc.), benzophenone ultraviolet absorbers (2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone, 2,2'-dihydroxy-4,4'-dimethoxybenzophenone, etc.), benzotriazole ultraviolet absorbers (2-(2'-hydroxy-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy- 3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3',5'-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-(3",4",5",6"-tetrahydrophthalimidomethyl)-5'-methylphenyl)benzotriazole, 2,2-methylenebis(4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-6-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenol), 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-tert-butyl-5'-methylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy- 3'-tert-butyl-5'-(2-octyloxycarbonylethyl)-phenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole, 2-(2'-hydroxy-3'-(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)-5'-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl)benzotriazole, 2-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-6-(linear and side chain dodecyl)-4-methylphenol, octyl-3-[3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-(chloro-2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)phenyl]propionate and 2-ethylhexyl-3-[3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-( The invention also includes a mixture of cyanoacrylate-based UV absorbers (2'-ethylhexyl-2-cyano-3,3-diphenylacrylate, ethyl-2-cyano-3-(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl)-acrylate, etc.), triazine-based UV absorbers, etc., preferably a benzotriazole-based UV absorber or a triazine-based UV absorber which has high transparency and an excellent effect of preventing degradation of the polarizing plate or the transmittance variable layer, and particularly preferably a benzotriazole-based UV absorber having a more suitable spectral absorption spectrum. The above-mentioned benzotriazole-based ultraviolet absorber can also be a bis (Bis) substance, for example, it can be 6,6'-methylenebis (2-(2H-benzo [d] [1,2,3] triazol-2-yl) -4- (2,4,4-trimethylpentane-2-yl) phenol), 6,6'-methylenebis (2-(2H-benzo [d] [1,2,3] triazol-2-yl) -4- (2-hydroxyethyl) phenol), etc.

[0119] The above-mentioned phase difference adjustment layer is intended to supplement the optical properties of the optical laminate, and can be implemented in the form of a phase difference film, etc., and a phase difference film developed in the past or in the future can be used. For example, a quarter wave plate (1 / 4 wave plate) or a half wave plate (1 / 2 wave plate) for delaying the phase of light can be used, and they can be used alone or in combination. The above-mentioned phase difference adjustment layer can be formed by direct contact on one side of the polarizer, but is not limited to this. For example, the above-mentioned phase difference adjustment layer can be formed on one side of the protective layer, whereby the polarizer, the protective layer and the phase difference adjustment layer are stacked in sequence.

[0120] The phase difference adjustment layer may be a polymer stretched film or a liquid crystal polymer film obtained by stretching a polymer film capable of imparting optical anisotropy in an appropriate manner. In one embodiment, the polymer stretched film may be a polymer layer containing the following substances: polyolefins such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP), cycloolefin polymers (COP: cyclo olefin polymer) such as polynorbornene, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polysulfone (PSU), acryl resin (acryl resin), polycarbonate (PC), polyesters such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) or triacetylcellulose (TAC) and other cellulose ester polymers, or copolymers of two or more monomers of the monomers forming the above polymers.

[0121] The method for obtaining the above-mentioned polymer stretch film is not particularly limited, for example, it can be obtained by stretching the above-mentioned polymer material after being molded into a film shape. The above-mentioned method of being molded into a film shape is not particularly limited, and can be molded into a film by known methods such as injection molding, sheet molding, blow molding, injection blow molding, inflation molding, extrusion molding, foam molding, and tape casting, or by secondary processing molding methods such as compression molding and vacuum molding. Among them, extrusion molding and tape casting are preferably used. At this time, for example, an extruder equipped with a T-shaped mold, a circular mold, etc. can be used to extrusion mold the unstretched film. In the case of obtaining a molded product by extrusion molding, a material that has been melt-mixed in advance with various resin components, additives, etc. can be used, and it is also possible to mold via melt mixing during extrusion molding. In addition, solvents shared by various resin components, such as chloroform, dichloromethane, etc., can be used to dissolve various resin components, and then tape casting, drying, and solidification are performed, thereby casting the unstretched film.

[0122] For the above-mentioned polymer stretched film, the above-mentioned formed film can be uniaxially stretched along the mechanical flow direction (MD; Mechanical Direction, longitudinal or length direction), uniaxially stretched along the direction perpendicular to the mechanical flow direction (TD; Transverse Direction, transverse or width direction), and can also be stretched by a sequential biaxial stretching method of roller stretching and tenter stretching, a simultaneous biaxial stretching method based on tenter stretching, a biaxial stretching method based on tubular stretching, etc. to produce a biaxially stretched film.

[0123] The liquid crystal polymer film may include a reactive liquid crystal compound in a polymerized state. The reactive liquid crystal compound may be similarly applied to the reactive liquid crystal compound of the coating type polarizer.

[0124] In one or more embodiments, the thickness of the phase difference adjustment layer may be 10 μm to 100 μm in the case of a polymer stretched film, and may be 0.1 μm to 5 μm in the case of a liquid crystal polymer film.

[0125] The refractive index adjustment layer is provided to compensate for the refractive index difference of the optical laminate caused by the transparent conductive layer described later, and can play a role in improving visible characteristics by reducing the refractive index difference. In addition, the refractive index adjustment layer can also be provided to correct the color caused by the transparent conductive layer 120 described later. On the other hand, in the case where the transparent conductive layer has a pattern, the refractive index adjustment layer can compensate for the transmittance difference between the pattern area with the pattern and the non-pattern area without the pattern. Specifically, the transparent conductive layer 120 is stacked adjacent to other components (such as polarizers, etc.) with different refractive indices. Due to the refractive index difference with other adjacent layers, the transmittance difference of the light may be induced, especially in the case where the transparent conductive layer is formed with a pattern, the problem that the pattern area and the non-pattern area look different may occur. Therefore, by including the refractive index adjustment layer, the refractive index can be compensated to reduce the difference in the light transmittance of the optical laminate, especially in the case where the transparent conductive layer is formed with a pattern, the pattern area and the non-pattern area will not look different. In one embodiment, the refractive index of the refractive index adjustment layer can be appropriately selected according to the materials of other adjacent components, preferably 1.4 to 2.6, and more preferably 1.4 to 2.4. In this case, light loss caused by the huge refractive index difference between the other components such as the polarizer and the transparent conductive layer 120 can be prevented. The refractive index adjustment layer is not particularly limited as long as it can prevent the huge refractive index difference between other components such as the polarizer and the transparent conductive layer, and the compounds used in the formation of the refractive index adjustment layer in the past or developed in the future can be used. For example, it can be formed by a refractive index adjustment layer forming composition containing a polymerizable isocyanurate compound.

[0126] In one or more embodiments, in addition to the above-mentioned components, the polarizing plate 110 may further include other components for assisting or enhancing the characteristics of the polarizer, for example, in order to further improve the mechanical durability, an outer coating layer may be included. The polarizing plate 110 may have a thickness of 30 μm to 200 μm, preferably 30 μm to 170 μm, and more preferably 50 μm to 150 μm. In this case, the polarizing plate 120 can manufacture a thin optical laminate while maintaining the optical characteristics.

[0127] Transparent conductive layer

[0128] The transparent conductive layer 120 is provided for driving the liquid crystal layer 130 and can be formed by directly contacting the polarizing plate 110. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the first transparent conductive layer 120 - 1 and the second transparent conductive layer 120 - 2 may each be formed by directly contacting the first polarizing plate 110 - 1 and the second polarizing plate 110 - 2 .

[0129] In the past, dimming stacks used to manufacture smart windows and the like were manufactured by forming a conductive layer for liquid crystal driving on one side of a substrate and bonding the other side of the substrate to a polarizing plate. However, the variable transmittance optical stack 10 of the present invention is characterized in that a conductive layer is directly formed on one side of a polarizing plate without including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, thereby reducing the thickness of the stack and improving the transmittance and bending characteristics in a light transmission mode. In addition, since the dimming panel 100 of the present invention directly forms a conductive layer on one side of a polarizing plate without including a separate substrate for forming the conductive layer, the thickness is significantly reduced compared to previous optical stacks, thereby enabling the planar vibration portion 200 to effectively remove, control, offset, reduce and / or block external noise by vibrating at an anti-phase frequency opposite to the noise.

[0130] In one embodiment, the transparent conductive layer 120 may be formed by direct evaporation on one side of the polarizing plate 110. In this case, in order to improve the adhesive force with the polarizing plate 110, the transparent conductive layer 120 may be formed by directly contacting the pretreated surface of the polarizing plate 110 after pretreatment such as corona treatment or plasma treatment is performed on one side of the polarizing plate 110. The pretreatment is not limited to corona treatment or plasma treatment, and a pretreatment process developed in the past or in the future may be used within the scope that does not impair the purpose of the present invention.

[0131] In another embodiment, in order to improve the adhesion between the transparent conductive layer 120 and the polarizing plate 110 , an easy-adhesion layer (not shown) disposed on one side of the polarizing plate 110 may be placed between them and then directly contact the polarizing plate 110 .

[0132] The above-mentioned transparent conductive layer 120 preferably has a transmittance of 50% or more with respect to visible light. For example, it may include one or more selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon-based substances, conductive polymers, conductive inks and nanowires, but is not limited to this, and materials for transparent conductive layers developed in the past or in the future can be used.

[0133] More specifically, in one or more embodiments, the transparent conductive oxide may include one or more selected from the group consisting of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), indium tin zinc oxide (IZTO), aluminum zinc oxide (AZO), gallium zinc oxide (GZO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), zinc oxide (ZnO), etc. In addition, the metal may include one or more selected from the group consisting of gold (Au), silver (Ag), copper (Cu), aluminum (Al), platinum (Pt), palladium (Pd), chromium (Cr), titanium (Ti), tungsten (W), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), vanadium (V), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and alloys containing at least one of them, for example, may include silver-palladium-copper (APC) alloy or copper-calcium (CuCa) alloy. The carbon-based material may include one or more selected from the group consisting of carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene, and the conductive polymer may include one or more selected from the group consisting of polypyrrole, polythiophene, polyacetylene, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and polyaniline, etc. The conductive ink may be an ink mixed with metal powder and a curable polymer binder, and the nanowire may be, for example, silver nanowire (AgNW).

[0134] In addition, the conductive layer may be formed by combining the above substances and having a structure of two or more layers. For example, the conductive layer may have a two-layer structure including a metal layer and a transparent conductive oxide layer, thereby reducing the reflectivity of incident light and improving transmittance. The metal layer has a high reflectivity and may reduce the visibility of the screen when used alone. By stacking with the transparent conductive oxide layer, the reflectivity can be reduced and the transmittance can be improved.

[0135] The transparent conductive layer 120 may be formed by a method commonly used in the art, for example, by a coating process such as spin coating, roller coating, rod coating, dip coating, gravure coating, curtain coating, die coating, spray coating, blade coating, kneader coating, etc.; a printing process such as screen printing, spray printing, inkjet printing, letterpress printing, gravure printing, lithography, etc.; an evaporation process such as in-mold labeling (IML) injection method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), physical vapor deposition (PVD), plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD), etc.; a dry or wet plating process, etc.

[0136] Liquid crystal layer

[0137] The liquid crystal layer 130 can adjust the transmittance of light incident from one or more directions according to the electric field, thereby changing the driving mode of the optical laminate. The liquid crystal layer 130 can include a liquid crystal compound and a spacer, for example, Figure 4 As shown, it can be located in the space provided by the sealant 150 and the spacer 160 disposed between the first polarizer 110-1 and the second polarizer 110-2 in the light control region. In addition, the liquid crystal layer 130 can further include an alignment film 140 as needed, and the alignment film 140 can be formed on both sides of the liquid crystal layer 130 including the liquid crystal compound.

[0138] The liquid crystal compound is not particularly limited as long as it can be driven by an electric field and can control light transmittance, and any liquid crystal compound developed in the past or in the future can be used. For example, the contents regarding the reactive liquid crystal compound of the coatable polarizer can be similarly applied.

[0139] The liquid crystal driving method of the liquid crystal layer 130 is not particularly limited. For example, it can be driven by a twisted nematic (TN) mode. In addition, it can also be driven by a super twisted nematic (STN) mode, a vertical alignment (VA) mode, an electrically controlled birefringence (ECB) mode, etc.

[0140] The alignment film 140 is not particularly limited as long as it is used to impart alignment to the liquid crystal compound, and preferably may include a photo-alignment or photo-curable polymer, etc. For example, the alignment film 140 may be prepared by coating an alignment film coating composition including a photo-alignment or photo-curable polymer, a photopolymerization initiator, and a solvent, and curing the coating composition.

[0141] The photo-orientable or photo-curable polymer is not particularly limited, and cinnamate polymers, polyimide polymers, and the like can be used. For example, polyvinyl cinnamate (PVCi), polysiloxane cinnamate (PSCN), poly(ω(4-chalconyloxy)alkoxyphenyl maleimide), 6-FDA-HAB-Cl, and the like can be used. Polymers that can show orientation and are developed in the past or in the future can be used.

[0142] The frame sealant 150 is located between the first polarizing plate 110-1 and the second polarizing plate 110-2 in the non-active area, and plays the role of combining the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate, and can be arranged together with the spacer to ensure that a space is provided between the first polarizing plate 110-1 and the second polarizing plate 110-2 for the liquid crystal layer 130.

[0143] The above-mentioned frame sealant 150 may include a curable resin as a base resin. As the above-mentioned base resin, a UV curable resin or a thermosetting resin known in the art as being usable for frame sealants may be used. The above-mentioned UV curable resin may be a polymer of a UV curable monomer. The above-mentioned thermosetting resin may be a polymer of a thermosetting monomer. As the base resin of the above-mentioned frame sealant 150, for example, an acrylate resin, an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a phenolic resin or a mixture of the above-mentioned resins may be used. In one embodiment, the above-mentioned base resin may be an acrylate resin, and the above-mentioned acrylate resin may be a polymer of an acrylic monomer. The above-mentioned acrylic monomer may be, for example, a multifunctional acrylate. In another embodiment, the above-mentioned frame sealant may further include a monomer component in the base resin. The above-mentioned monomer component may be, for example, a monofunctional acrylate. In this specification, a monofunctional acrylate may refer to a compound having one acryloyl group, and a multifunctional acrylate may refer to a compound having two or more acryloyl groups. The above-mentioned curable resin may be cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays and / or heating. The above-mentioned ultraviolet irradiation conditions or heating conditions can be appropriately implemented within the scope that does not impair the purpose of the present application. The above-mentioned frame sealant can also contain an initiator, such as a photoinitiator or a thermal initiator, as needed.

[0144] The frame sealant 150 may be formed by a method commonly used in the art, for example, by using a glue dispenser with a nozzle to dispense the frame sealant to the periphery of the liquid crystal layer (ie, the inactive region).

[0145] The height of the sealant after curing is preferably substantially the same as that of the liquid crystal layer, for example, 1 to 20 μm, more preferably 1 to 10 μm. In this case, light leakage in the liquid crystal layer region adjacent to the sealant will not occur, and the reliability of the spacer can be further improved.

[0146] The spacer 160 plays a role in maintaining a constant liquid crystal gap of the liquid crystal layer, and may include at least one of a ball spacer and a column spacer, and is preferably Figure 4 The ball spacer shown in FIG. 1 is a ball spacer. The spacer may be more than one, and the height is 1 to 20 μm, preferably 1 to 10 μm, which is preferred when supporting the liquid crystal layer. In addition, when viewed from a top view, the area occupied by the spacer in the liquid crystal layer 130 is preferably 0.01 to 10% relative to the area of ​​the liquid crystal layer 130 in order to improve the visibility of the user and the transmittance in the light transmission mode.

[0147] Other functional layers

[0148] The variable transmittance optical layered body of the present invention may further include other members within the range not impairing the purpose of the present invention, for example, it may further include an adhesive / bonding layer, and may further include an ultraviolet absorbing layer and an impact-resistant layer.

[0149] The above-mentioned adhesive / adhesive layer (not shown) can be formed using an adhesive or an adhesive, preferably having appropriate adhesive force to prevent peeling, bubbles, etc. when operating the optical laminate, while having transparency and thermal stability, and can have viscoelastic properties that can be applied to smart windows. The above-mentioned adhesive can use adhesives developed in the past or in the future, for example, a photocurable adhesive can be used. The above-mentioned photocurable adhesive will be cross-linked and cured due to irradiation with active energy rays such as ultraviolet (UV) and electron beam (EB), thereby showing strong adhesive force, and can be composed of reactive oligomers, reactive monomers, photopolymerization initiators, etc. The above-mentioned reactive oligomer is an important component that determines the characteristics of the adhesive, and forms a cured film by forming a polymer bond through a photopolymerization reaction. The reactive oligomers that can be used can include polyester resins, polyether resins, polyurethane resins, epoxy resins, polyacrylic resins, silicone resins, etc. The above-mentioned reactive monomer plays the role of a cross-linking agent and a diluent of the above-mentioned reactive oligomer, and affects the bonding characteristics. The reactive monomers that can be used include monofunctional monomers, multifunctional monomers, epoxy monomers, vinyl ethers, cyclic ethers, etc. The above-mentioned photopolymerization initiator absorbs light energy and generates free radicals or cations to initiate photopolymerization. A suitable photopolymerization initiator can be selected and used according to the photopolymer resin. The above-mentioned adhesive can use an adhesive developed in the past or in the future. In one or more embodiments, acrylic adhesives, rubber adhesives, silicone adhesives, urethane adhesives, polyvinyl alcohol adhesives, polyvinyl pyrrolidone adhesives, polyacrylamide adhesives, cellulose adhesives, vinyl alkyl ether adhesives, etc. can be used.

[0150] As long as the adhesive has adhesion and viscoelasticity, there is no particular restriction, but from the perspective of ease of acquisition, it is preferably an acrylic adhesive, for example, it may include a (meth) acrylate copolymer, a crosslinking agent, and a solvent. The crosslinking agent may use a crosslinking agent developed in the past or in the future, for example, it may include a polyisocyanate compound, an epoxy resin, a melamine resin, a urea resin, a dialdehyde, a hydroxymethyl polymer, etc., and preferably may include a polyisocyanate compound. The solvent may include a common solvent used in the field of resin compositions, for example, alcohol compounds such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, and propylene glycol methoxy alcohol may be used; ketone compounds such as methyl ethyl ketone, methyl butyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and dipropyl ketone; acetate compounds such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, and propylene glycol methoxy acetate; cellosolve compounds such as methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, and propyl cellosolve; solvents such as hydrocarbon compounds such as hexane, heptane, benzene, toluene, and xylene. They may be used alone or in combination of two or more.

[0151] The thickness of the adhesive / bonding layer can be appropriately determined according to the type of resin that acts as an adhesive / adhesive, the adhesive / bonding strength, the environment in which the adhesive / adhesive is used, etc. In one embodiment, in order to ensure sufficient adhesive / bonding force and minimize the thickness of the optical laminate, the adhesive / bonding layer can have the following thickness: in the case of an adhesive layer, it can be 0.1 to 500 μm, preferably 0.5 to 450 μm, and more preferably 1 to 400 μm; in the case of an adhesive layer, it can be 2 to 30 μm, preferably 3 to 20 μm, and more preferably 5 to 10 μm. In one embodiment, the adhesive / bonding layer can be formed on one or both sides of the polarizing plate by lamination or vacuum bonding.

[0152] The ultraviolet absorbing layer (not shown) is not particularly limited as long as it is used to prevent degradation of the optical laminate due to ultraviolet rays, and the contents regarding the ultraviolet absorber described in the protective layer can be applied as is, so description thereof is omitted.

[0153] The impact-resistant layer (not shown) is not particularly limited as long as it is located in the inner direction and plays a role in mitigating the impact and preventing the damage of the inner substrate when the impact is applied to the front of the window. It is preferably made of a material with a large tolerance of strain energy, for example, a thermoplastic resin with high toughness. As such resins, for example, polycarbonate resins, polyimide resins, polyamide resins, polyamide-imide resins, polyester resins, etc. are cited. In addition, the present invention is intended for use in display devices, so it is preferred to use a resin with excellent light transmittance, preferably optically transparent.

[0154] <Smart Window>

[0155] In addition to the above-mentioned variable transmittance optical laminate, the present invention includes a smart window having the above-mentioned variable transmittance optical laminate. In addition, the present invention includes a car in which the above-mentioned smart window is applied to at least one of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a skylight, and an interior partition, and a window for a building including the above-mentioned smart window.

[0156] For example, a car including the smart window of the present invention can be joined to vehicle glass (not shown) on both sides of a dimming panel including a polarizing plate 110, a transparent conductive layer 120, a liquid crystal layer 130 and an adhesive / bonding layer (not shown). For example, the adhesive film and the vehicle glass can be placed on both sides of the dimming panel, and then heated for 10 to 20 minutes using a press machine at a temperature of 90°C and a vacuum state of about 1 bar. The adhesive film includes an EVA film, a PVB film, etc., and can be a variable transmittance optical laminate formed by bonding a planar vibration portion to the glass. In addition, a building window can be joined to both sides or one side of the optical laminate, and a window glass can be joined after UV adhesive is applied to both sides of the optical laminate, and then UV curing can be performed to manufacture a smart window product for a window, or a window glass can be joined to one side of the optical laminate in a laminating manner to manufacture a smart window product for a window.

[0157] In addition, in addition to this, the above-mentioned smart window can also be applied to vehicles and wearable devices generally used in the field.

Claims

1. A variable transmittance optical laminate, comprising a dimming panel, a planar vibration unit and a noise control unit, The noise control unit includes a noise receiving unit, a noise analyzing unit and a frequency sending unit.

2. The variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 1, which is used to reduce external noise. The noise control unit converts the noise received by the noise receiving unit in the noise analysis unit and transmits the inverse frequency thereof through the frequency transmitting unit to vibrate the planar vibrating unit and the dimming panel, thereby canceling the noise. 3 . The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 2 , wherein the anti-phase frequency transmitted by the frequency transmitting unit is in the range of 500 to 5000 Hz.

4. According to the variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 1, the planar vibration part includes at least one polymer material selected from polyester PET, polycarbonate PC, polyethylene naphthalate PEN, polyetheretherketone PEEK, polypropylene PP, polymethylpentene TPX, polyimide PI, polyetherimide PEI, liquid crystal polymer LCP and polyvinylidene fluoride PVDF.

5. The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The planar vibration portion is disposed at a peripheral portion of the dimming panel. 6 . The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 5 , wherein the area occupied by the planar vibrating portion is 5 to 30% of the entire area of ​​the dimming panel.

7. The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The noise control unit is connected to the planar vibration unit and the separate power supply unit, and is linked to the opening and closing of the window and activated when the window is closed.

8. The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 1, wherein the dimming panel comprises: a first polarizing plate; a first transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the first polarizing plate; a second polarizing plate opposite to the first polarizing plate; a second transparent conductive layer formed on one surface of the second polarizing plate and opposite to the first transparent conductive layer; and a liquid crystal layer disposed between the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer, At least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate.

9. The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 8, wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of transparent conductive oxides, metals, carbon-based materials, conductive polymers, conductive inks, and nanowires. 10 . The variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate without including a separate substrate therebetween. 11 . The variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the first transparent conductive layer and the second transparent conductive layer is formed to be in direct contact with one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate by including an easy-adhesion layer therebetween. 12 . The variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of a functional coating layer, a protective layer, a phase difference adjusting layer, and a refractive index adjusting layer. 13 . The variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 8 , wherein at least one of the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate has a thickness of 30 μm to 200 μm. 14 . The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 8 , wherein the dimming panel further comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of an adhesive / bonding layer, an ultraviolet absorption layer, and an impact-resistant layer. 15 . The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 8 , wherein the liquid crystal layer includes one or more spacers selected from the group consisting of spherical spacers and columnar spacers. 16 . The variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 15 , wherein the height of the spacer is 1 to 10 μm. 17 . The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 15 , wherein the area occupied by the spacer in the liquid crystal layer is 0.01 to 10% of the area of ​​the liquid crystal layer. 18 . The variable transmittance optical stack according to claim 8 , wherein the liquid crystal layer further comprises a frame sealant and an alignment film.

19. The method for producing the variable transmittance optical layered body according to any one of claims 1 to 18. 20 . A smart window comprising the variable transmittance optical laminate according to claim 1 .

21. A vehicle comprising the smart window according to claim 20.

22. An automobile, wherein the smart window according to claim 20 is applied to at least one of a front window, a rear window, a side window, a skylight, and an interior partition.

23. A wearable device comprising the smart window according to claim 20.

24. A building window, comprising the smart window according to claim 20.

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