Quantum computing system and method

Abstract

The invention discloses a quantum computing system and method, and relates to the technical field of quantum computing. If the atom cavity comprises at least two different types of atoms, the different types of atoms are captured by the optical tweezers, and the inter-atomic acting force is controlled according to the number of magnetic quantum of the atoms in different Rydberg states. In the process of selecting the Rydberg states, the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states to be controlled by atoms of the same type are different, so that the atoms of the same type have energy values related to the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states in the process of performing transition between the different Rydberg states. The two energy values are determined according to the magnetic quantum number of the atom Rydberg state, the frequency range of the light needing to be adjusted for changing the magnetic quantum number of the atom is small, and the frequency range of the light needing to be adjusted for controlling different types of atoms to perform transition between the Rydberg states by the quantum computing system is reduced; and the quantum state of the atomic array can be quickly adjusted, so that the quantum calculation speed and efficiency can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of quantum computing technology, and in particular to a quantum computing system and method. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous development of technology, traditional computer calculations cannot meet the computing tasks with large computing resource requirements, such as quantum chemistry simulation, optimal path finding and large number factorization, etc., and quantum computing systems (neutral atom systems) based on neutral atom architecture have come into being. The neutral atom system forms optical tweezers (optical tweezers) by focusing trapped light through the objective lens, and uses optical tweezers to capture atoms after laser cooling. The captured atoms are regularly arranged in a vacuum glass cavity to form an atomic array to represent quantum bits. Generally, irradiating the atoms in the atomic array with global and addressing light can realize parallel or independent operations on quantum bits, such as changing the state of the quantum bit (0 state, 1 state or in a superposition state of 0 and 1). In the process of reading the quantum bit, the atoms in the atomic array are irradiated with detection light to obtain scattered photons, and the electronic signal is determined based on the photons collected from the objective lens, and the state of the quantum bit is determined based on the electronic signal, that is, the result of quantum calculation is obtained.

[0003] In the process of operating a logic gate of multiple quantum bits (multi-bit logic gate), the neutral atom needs to be excited from the ground state to the Rydberg state; the electron cloud between different atoms in the Rydberg state increases by several orders of magnitude, so that the atoms in different optical tweezers produce sufficient interatomic forces, thereby realizing multi-qubit operations. Among them, the interatomic force depends on the size of the electron cloud and the interatomic distance. The size of the electron cloud is determined by the principal quantum number (n) of the Rydberg state, and the interatomic force is proportional to n. 11 , and is inversely proportional to the interatomic distance (R 6 ).

[0004] Taking the two-component system in the neutral atomic system as an example, the two-component system uses two different types of atoms to represent quantum bits. Since different types of atoms have different energy level structures, the excitation light frequencies corresponding to different energy level structures are also different. Therefore, in the two-component system, different frequencies of excitation light can be used to excite atoms of different components to different Rydberg states to realize the operation of multi-bit logic gates, that is, to adjust the interatomic forces by changing the principal quantum number of atoms of the same type. However, the frequency difference between the Rydberg states of different types of atoms is on the order of 10 GHz, while the rapid adjustable range of the excitation light is only on the order of 100 MHz. The difference between the frequency difference of the Rydberg state and the rapid adjustable range of the excitation light is too large, which leads to low efficiency in adjusting the quantum state of the atomic array in the vacuum glass cavity, and the speed of quantum computing is affected. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present application provides a quantum computing system and method, which solves the problem of low quantum state adjustment efficiency caused by the large difference between the frequency difference of the Rydberg state and the fast adjustable range of the excitation light, and is conducive to improving the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0006] This application adopts the following technical solution.

[0007] In a first aspect, the present application provides a quantum computing system. The quantum computing system includes: an atomic source, an atomic cavity, an optical tweezers unit, a light emitting unit, and a quantum bit measurement unit. The atomic source is used to provide multiple types of atoms. The atomic cavity is connected to the atomic source and is used to store atoms provided by the atomic source. The atoms provided by the atomic source include first-type atoms and second-type atoms. Among them, the Rydberg state of the first type of atoms includes: a first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state, and the first Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms as a first value, and the second Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms as a second value; the Rydberg state of the second type of atoms includes: a third Rydberg state and a fourth Rydberg state, and the third Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms as a third value, and the fourth Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms as a fourth value. The optical tweezers unit is used to: generate multiple optical tweezers in the atomic cavity, and arrange the optical tweezers that capture atoms in the atomic cavity in the multiple optical tweezers in a first manner to obtain an atomic array, and one optical tweezer is used to capture one or more atoms. The light emitting unit is used to generate a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to the first information; the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam are used to irradiate the atomic array, and the first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state, and the second frequency and the second direction of the second polarized light beam correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state. The quantum bit measurement unit is used to collect scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection light beam, and determine the quantum calculation result of the first information according to the scattered photons.

[0008] The quantum computing system provided by the present application, when the atomic cavity includes at least two different types of atoms, uses optical tweezers to capture different types of atoms, and controls the interatomic force according to the magnetic quantum number of the atoms between different Rydberg states. Specifically, in the process of selecting the Rydberg state, the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states to be manipulated by the same type of atoms are different, so that the same type of atoms have energy values ​​related to the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states during the transition between different Rydberg states. Since these two energy values ​​are determined based on the magnetic quantum number of the atom, and the frequency range of the light required to adjust the magnetic quantum number of the atom is small, the frequency range of the light required to adjust the quantum computing system to control the transition between different types of atoms in the Rydberg state is reduced, which is conducive to quickly adjusting the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0009] In conjunction with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the light emitting unit includes: an excitation light source and an optical path modulation component. The optical path modulation component is connected to the excitation light source, and the excitation light source is used to provide an irradiation light beam. The optical path modulation component is used to: process the optical parameters of the irradiation light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction. The optical parameters include one or more of the following: beam direction, polarization, and frequency.

[0010] It is worth noting that the polarization of light is strongly correlated with the direction of light travel and the angle of the quantization axis. The direction of the quantization axis is determined by the magnetic field generated by the coil. Since the adjustment of the magnetic field will affect the quantum state of the quantum bit represented by the atoms in the optical tweezers, the adjustment of the polarization needs to be achieved by changing the direction of the excitation light. Therefore, the present application provides two non-codirectional excitation light paths (a first polarized light beam and a second polarized light beam), and uses an optical path modulation component to change the direction, polarization and frequency of the light beam to control the transition of atoms between different Rydberg states, which is conducive to the realization of quantum computing processes based on quantum bits.

[0011] In conjunction with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the optical path modulation component includes: an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) and a spectrometer. The AOM is used to: split the irradiation light beam into a first light beam of a first frequency and a second light beam of a second frequency, and the spectrometer is used to: adjust the direction of the first light beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized light beam, and adjust the direction of the second light beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized light beam.

[0012] In conjunction with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the optical path modulation component includes: an electro-optic modulator (EOM) and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS), which is also called a polarizing beam splitter prism. The EOM is used to: process the illumination beam to obtain a first illumination sub-beam and a second illumination sub-beam with different polarizations; the PBS is used to: adjust the direction of the first illumination sub-beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized beam, and adjust the direction of the second illumination sub-beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized beam.

[0013] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the optical path modulation component includes: a digital micromirror device (DMD), which is used to: determine the light parameters to be used according to the first information, and process the irradiation light beam according to the light parameters to be used to obtain a first polarized light beam and a second polarized light beam.

[0014] In conjunction with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the atomic cavity includes: a glass cavity and a vacuum structure. The glass cavity includes: a first connector and a cavity structure, the first connector is connected to the atomic source, and the cavity structure is provided with a first hole structure. The vacuum structure is detachably connected to the first hole structure. Exemplarily, if the cavity structure is connected to the vacuum structure through the first hole structure, the vacuum structure is used to extract background gas molecules in the cavity structure so that the cavity structure is in a vacuum state.

[0015] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect, in an optional implementation, the quantum bit measurement unit includes: an atom detection light source, an objective lens, a photoelectric conversion unit and a bit quantization unit. The atom detection light source is used to provide a detection light beam for irradiating the atomic array. The objective lens is used to collect scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection light beam. The photoelectric conversion unit is connected to the objective lens, and is used to: perform photoelectric conversion on the scattered photons to output an electrical signal, and the electrical signal indicates the quantum bits in the atomic array, such as the electrical signal refers to voltage or current. The bit quantization unit is connected to the photoelectric conversion unit, and is used to: determine the quantum computing result of the first information according to the electrical signal.

[0016] In a second aspect, the present application provides a quantum computing method. The quantum computing method is applied to a quantum computing system in any optional implementation of the first aspect, and the quantum computing system includes: an atomic source, an atomic cavity, an optical tweezers unit, a light emitting unit, and a quantum bit measurement unit, and the atomic cavity is connected to the atomic source. The quantum computing method provided in the present application includes: the atomic source provides multiple types of atoms to the atomic cavity, and the atoms provided by the atomic source include first-type atoms and second-type atoms; wherein the Rydberg state of the first-type atoms includes a first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state, the first Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the first-type atoms as a first value, the second Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the first-type atoms as a second value, the Rydberg state of the second-type atoms includes a third Rydberg state and a fourth Rydberg state, the third Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the second-type atoms as a third value, and the fourth Rydberg state corresponds to the magnetic quantum number of the second-type atoms as a fourth value. And, the optical tweezers unit generates multiple optical tweezers in the atomic cavity, and arranges the optical tweezers that have captured atoms in the atomic cavity in the multiple optical tweezers in a first manner to obtain an atomic array, and one optical tweezer is used to capture one or more atoms. The aforementioned light emitting unit generates a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to the first information, and irradiates the atomic array with the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam. The first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state, and the second frequency and the second direction of the second polarized light beam correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state. The quantum bit measurement unit collects scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection light beam, and determines the quantum calculation result of the first information based on the scattered photons.

[0017] Thus, in the process of selecting the Rydberg state, the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states to be manipulated by the same type of atoms are different, so that the same type of atoms have energy values ​​related to the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states in the process of transitioning between different Rydberg states. Since the two energy values ​​are determined according to the magnetic quantum numbers of the atoms, and the frequency range of the light required to adjust to change the magnetic quantum number of the atoms is small, the frequency range of the light required to adjust to control the transition between Rydberg states of different types of atoms in the quantum computing system is reduced, which is conducive to the rapid adjustment of the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0018] In conjunction with the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the light emitting unit includes: an excitation light source, and an optical path modulation component connected to the excitation light source. The excitation light source provides an illumination light beam, and the optical path modulation component processes the optical parameters of the illumination light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction. The optical parameters in this implementation include one or more of the following: beam direction, polarization, and frequency.

[0019] In combination with the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the optical path modulation component includes: an acousto-optic modulator (AOM) and a spectrometer. The aforementioned optical path modulation component processes the optical parameters of the aforementioned irradiation light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in the first direction and a second polarized light beam in the second direction, including: the spectrometer divides the irradiation light beam into a first light beam in the first direction and a second light beam in the second direction according to the first information; and the AOM adjusts the frequency of the first light beam in the first direction to a first frequency to obtain a first polarized light beam, and adjusts the frequency of the second light beam in the second direction to a second frequency to obtain a second polarized light beam according to the first information.

[0020] In combination with the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the optical path modulation component includes: an electro-optic modulator (EOM) and a polarization beam splitter (PBS). The aforementioned optical path modulation component processes the optical parameters of the aforementioned illumination light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in the first direction and a second polarized light beam in the second direction, including: the EOM processes the illumination light beam according to the first information to obtain a first illumination sub-beam and a second illumination sub-beam with different polarizations; and the PBS adjusts the direction of the first illumination sub-beam to the first direction to obtain the first polarized light beam according to the first information, and adjusts the direction of the second illumination sub-beam to the second direction to obtain the second polarized light beam.

[0021] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the energy of the first type of atom between the Rydberg state and the adjacent Rydberg state of the Rydberg state, and the energy of the second type of atom between the Rydberg state and the adjacent Rydberg state of the Rydberg state are less than the energy threshold. For example, the energy difference between the first Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is the first energy value, the energy difference between the second Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is the second energy value, the energy difference between the third Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is the third energy value, and the energy difference between the fourth Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is the fourth energy value. Exemplarily, the difference (energy difference) between the first energy value and the third energy value is less than the energy threshold; the difference (energy difference) between the first energy value and the fourth energy value is less than the energy threshold; the difference (energy difference) between the second energy value and the third energy value is less than the energy threshold; the difference (energy difference) between the second energy value and the fourth energy value is less than the energy threshold. The aforementioned AOM can be used to quickly adjust the Rydberg state of atoms, which is beneficial to improving the quantum computing efficiency of quantum bits characterized by Rydberg states.

[0022] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the orbital quantum number of the first type of atoms corresponding to the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state is not zero; and / or, the orbital quantum number of the second type of atoms corresponding to the third Rydberg state and the fourth Rydberg state is not zero. In the present application, if the orbital quantum number corresponding to the Rydberg state of at least one type of atoms in the quantum computing system is not zero, the spatial symmetry of the transition between adjacent Rydberg states can be broken, the directionality of the interaction force between atoms can be strengthened, and it is more conducive to the manipulation of the quantum bits represented by the atomic array in the atomic cavity, thereby improving the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0023] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, in the atomic array, the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of the same type is smaller than the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of different types. In the present application, the interatomic interaction force between different components is much greater than the interatomic interaction force between the same components, which is conducive to enhancing the directionality and adjustability of the heterogeneous component interaction channel.

[0024] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the arrangement relationship of the optical tweezers that capture different types of atoms in the atomic array is determined based on second information, and the second information and the first information are input information of the quantum computing process of the quantum computing result.

[0025] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the wavelengths of the multiple optical tweezers are different, wherein the optical tweezers in the first wavelength range are used to capture the first type of atoms, and the optical tweezers in the second wavelength range are used to capture the second type of atoms. Using optical tweezers in different wavelength ranges to capture different types of atoms avoids the problem of disordered arrangement of the atomic array caused by capturing different types of atoms with optical tweezers in the same wavelength range, which is conducive to improving the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0026] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state, including: the first polarized light beam is used to excite the first type of atoms to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state. The second frequency and the second direction of the second polarized light beam correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state, including: the second polarized light beam is used to excite the second type of atoms to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state.

[0027] In combination with the quantum computing system provided in the first aspect and the quantum computing method provided in the second aspect, in an optional implementation, the first type of atoms are rubidium (Rb) atoms and the second type of atoms are ytterbium (Yb) atoms.

[0028] Based on the implementation methods provided in the above aspects, this application can also be further combined to provide more implementation methods, which will not be described in detail here. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of different types of quantum numbers for atoms provided for this application;

[0030] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the magnetic quantum number provided for this application;

[0031] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of energy difference and dipole moment of rubidium atom provided for this application;

[0032] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing system provided in this application Figure 1 ;

[0033] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the transition of Rydberg states of different atoms provided for this application;

[0034] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the energy difference between rubidium and ytterbium and the adjacent Rydberg state at different principal quantum numbers provided for this application;

[0035] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three interatomic interaction forces provided for this application;

[0036] Fig. 8A Schematic diagram of the information control process and quantum computing process provided for this application;

[0037] Figure 8B A schematic diagram of loading the optical tweezers and atomic array provided in this application;

[0038] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing system provided in this application Figure 2 ;

[0039] Fig.10 A schematic diagram of the implementation of the optical path modulation component provided in this application;

[0040] Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a method for rapidly changing light parameters provided in this application;

[0041] Fig.12A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing system provided in this application Figure 3 ;

[0042] Fig.13 Schematic diagram of the enhancement of the directionality of Rb-Yb heterogeneous interaction relative to homogeneous interaction under different principal quantum number combinations;

[0043] Fig.14 Schematic diagram of the interaction changes with angle in different quantum states;

[0044] Fig.15 Schematic diagram of quantum bit manipulation provided for this application Figure 1 ;

[0045] Fig.16 Schematic diagram of the change of the interaction force between atoms under different principal quantum number combinations;

[0046] Fig.17 Schematic diagram of quantum bit manipulation provided for this application Figure 2 . DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0047] The present application provides a quantum computing system, in which, when an atomic cavity includes at least two different types of atoms, different types of atoms are captured by optical tweezers, and the interatomic forces are controlled according to the magnetic quantum numbers of the atoms between different Rydberg states. Specifically, in the process of selecting the Rydberg state, the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states to be manipulated by the same type of atoms are different, so that the same type of atoms have energy values ​​related to the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states during the transition between different Rydberg states. Since these two energy values ​​are determined based on the magnetic quantum numbers of the atoms, and the frequency range of the light required to adjust the magnetic quantum number of the atoms is small, the frequency range of the light required to adjust the quantum computing system to control the transition between different types of atoms in the Rydberg state is reduced, which is conducive to quickly adjusting the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0048] This application may be applied not only to current quantum computing technology or quantum computing standards, but also to future quantum computing technology or quantum computing standards. The terms used in the implementation method section of this application are only used to explain the specific embodiments of this application, and are not intended to limit this application. The following is a brief introduction to some concepts that may be involved in this application.

[0049] 1. Quantum bit: The basic unit of quantum information. Unlike the classical bit in a traditional binary computer, which can only be 0 or 1, a quantum bit can be in a state of 0 or 1, or in a superposition of 0 and 1. There are many different carriers for quantum bits, including superconducting circuits, ions, atoms, photons, quantum dots, etc.

[0050] 2. Logic gate: the basic logical operation unit in quantum circuits.

[0051] 3. Energy level: Each relatively stable state in a quantum system. These states correspond to a series of discrete energies.

[0052] 4. Quantum state: the state of a quantum system represented by a set of quantum numbers.

[0053] 5. Quantum number: used to describe the numerical value of each conserved physical quantity in a quantum system, thereby expressing the quantum state of the system.

[0054] 6. Principal quantum number (n): One of the quantum numbers representing atomic orbitals, describing the electron shell in which the electron is located, its distance from the nucleus, and its corresponding energy.

[0055] 7. Orbital quantum number (1): One of the quantum numbers representing atomic orbitals, describing the magnitude of the electron orbital angular momentum and the shape of the corresponding electron cloud.

[0056] 8. Magnetic quantum number (m): One of the quantum numbers representing atomic orbitals, describing the projection of electron angular momentum in space and its corresponding equivalent magnetic moment.

[0057] 9. Ground state: The lowest energy quantum state of an atom in a quantum computing system.

[0058] 10. Rydberg state: refers to the highly excited state of an atomic or molecular system. Compared with the atoms in the ground state, the electron cloud of atoms in the Rydberg state is increased by several orders of magnitude.

[0059] 11. Optical tweezers array: After the laser beam is highly focused by the objective lens, it can be used to trap atoms. Multiple optical tweezers can be arranged regularly to form an optical tweezers array; the optical tweezers here refer to optical tweezers formed by focusing the trapped light through the objective lens.

[0060] 12. Component: In this article, it means isotope or element.

[0061] 13. Magneto-optical trap: Through a spatially varying magnetic field and laser cooling, atoms are cooled and collected to the center of the magnetic field. The temperature of atoms can be cooled to hundreds to several uK. Magneto-optical trap is the first step in most atomic experiments.

[0062] 14. Hamiltonian: The total energy of a system, including the kinetic energy and potential energy of particles.

[0063] 15. Alkali metals: Alkali metals refer to the six metal elements belonging to Group 1 in the periodic table: lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, and menthium. Alkali metals all have an outermost electron in the s orbital.

[0064] 16. Alkaline earth metals: Alkaline earth metals refer to the six metal elements belonging to Group 2 in the periodic table: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, and radium. Alkaline earth metals have two outermost electrons belonging to the s orbital.

[0065] 17. Single-photon excitation: An atom absorbs a photon of excitation light from a lower energy quantum state and is excited to a higher energy quantum state. The frequency and polarization of the photon of excitation light determine the quantum state to which it is excited.

[0066] 18. Two-photon excitation: An atom absorbs two photons of excitation light from a quantum state with lower energy, and is thus excited to a quantum state with higher energy. The frequency and polarization of the two photons of excitation light jointly determine the quantum state to which it is excited.

[0067] 19. Dipole interaction: the interaction between two electric dipoles.

[0068] 20. C 6 : Common parameters for the strength of the interaction between atoms, such as the commonly used Rydberg state C 6 About 100GHz / (μm) 6 Magnitude.

[0069] 21. Polarization: The phenomenon that the spatial distribution of the electric vector vibration of light waves loses symmetry with respect to the propagation direction of light is called polarization of light. It is a phenomenon that the vibration vector of the transverse wave of light (perpendicular to the propagation direction of the wave) is biased in certain directions.

[0070] 22. Optical frequency is the abbreviation of optical frequency. The product of optical frequency and wavelength is the speed of light (c=299792458m / s). In this article, optical frequency is also called frequency, and it will not be repeated later.

[0071] In the following, the quantum state and the excitation process of the quantum state, the ground state and the Rydberg state of the atom, and the quantum computing system and method provided by the present application are described in detail in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0072] 1. Quantum state and its excitation process

[0073] Taking the alkali metal atom, the most common neutral atomic system, as an example, the atom can be regarded as consisting of a positively charged nucleus and a negatively charged electron. The principal quantum number n reflects the size of the electron cloud. When the principal quantum number becomes larger, the electron cloud becomes diffuse. The orbital quantum number reflects the shape of the electron cloud. When the orbital quantum number increases, the number of nodes increases accordingly, and the spatial distribution of the electron cloud becomes more complex. The quantum state with an orbital quantum number of zero is called the s state, the quantum state with an orbital quantum number of one is called the p state, and the quantum state with an orbital quantum number of two is called the d state. The magnetic quantum number m reflects the projection of the atomic angular momentum on the quantization axis. When the magnetic quantum number changes, the equivalent magnetic moment of the atom will also change accordingly.

[0074] The quantum state of atoms is usually excited by irradiating the atoms with laser light. The change in the principal quantum number determines the frequency of the excitation light. Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1 Schematic diagram of different types of quantum numbers for atoms provided for this application. Changes in principal quantum number | n 1 -n 2 |No limit(n 1 is the principal quantum number of the first quantum state, n 2 is the principal quantum number of the second quantum state), but |n 1 -n 2 |The greater the difference, the higher the frequency of the excitation light required to adjust the principal quantum number.

[0075] Take the transition of an atom between two adjacent quantum states as an example, Figure 2 As shown, Figure 2 Schematic diagram of magnetic quantum number provided for this application. Atoms include: multiple quantum states, and the excitation light frequency required for transition between two adjacent quantum states is f i , such as the first quantum state (corresponding to the required excitation light frequency f 1 ), the second quantum state (corresponding to the required excitation light frequency f 2 ), the third quantum state (corresponding to the required excitation light frequency f 3 ). Therefore, the orbital quantum number difference between two adjacent quantum states |l 1 -l 2 | can only be 1(l 1 is the orbital quantum number of the first quantum state, l 2 is the orbital quantum number of the second quantum state), and the magnetic quantum number difference is -1, 0 or 1.

[0076] like Figure 2As shown in Figure 1, the polarization of the excitation light determines the magnetic quantum number of the excited state. Changing the principal quantum number of the excited state requires a significant adjustment of the laser frequency, which cannot be changed dynamically in calculations or simulations. Changing the magnetic quantum number of the excited state only requires changing the polarization of the excitation light and fine-tuning the excitation light frequency by the order of 10 MHz. The polarization of the excitation light can be adjusted by a polarization electro-optic modulator, and its adjustment rate can reach the order of GHz. Rapid fine-tuning of the excitation light frequency can be achieved by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM), and its adjustment rate can reach the order of 100 MHz.

[0077] 2. Ground state and Rydberg state of atoms

[0078] The ground state of an atom refers to the quantum state with the lowest energy. Since physical systems tend to occupy states with lower energy, the ground state is the most stable quantum state. Due to the symmetry of atoms, atoms usually have multiple quantum states with equal energy but different orbital quantum numbers. Quantum computing generally uses two different ground states with zero orbital quantum numbers as the calculation ground state, and tends to choose the ground state with zero magnetic quantum number to reduce the impact of environmental magnetic field noise on the coherence of quantum states.

[0079] Since the electron cloud of the ground state atom is quite small, the interatomic interaction force is almost negligible, so only the quantum bit manipulation process of the single-bit gate can be carried out, and it is difficult to carry out the quantum bit manipulation process of the multi-bit gate. Therefore, when carrying out multi-bit logic gates or entanglement, it is necessary to excite the atoms to the Rydberg state to obtain sufficient interatomic interaction force.

[0080] Rydberg state refers to a highly excited state with a large principal quantum number. When the principal quantum number increases, the energy difference between adjacent energy levels decreases significantly. n -E n±1 |∝n -3 .

[0081] Taking the rubidium (Rb) atom as an example, Figure 3 Schematic diagram of the energy difference and dipole moment of the rubidium atom provided for this application.

[0082] like Figure 3 In (A) and (B), when the principal quantum number increases, the dipole moment will also increase significantly, and the energy difference between adjacent principal quantum numbers is proportional to n -3 (|E n -E n+1 |∝n -3 ), the dipole moment is proportional to n 2 (<ns|p|np> ∝n 2 ). For example, the energy difference from principal quantum number n = 5 to 6 is 6×10 5GHz, while the energy difference between n=43 and 44 is only 100 GHz, that is, the energy difference is greatly reduced by three orders of magnitude. The dipole moment when n=43 is about 400 times that when n=5.

[0083] Combining the above two characteristics, such as Figure 3 In (C), the interaction between atoms will increase greatly with the principal quantum number, which is proportional to n 11 , such as the force intensity ∝n 11 The atomic interaction when n = 43 is about 3×10 15 Even for atoms trapped in optical tweezers a few microns apart, there are enough interactions to make multi-bit logic gates or entanglement.

[0084] In the embodiments of the present application, the commonly used parameter for the interaction force strength is C 6 , the commonly used Rydberg state C 6 About 100GHz / (μm) 6 Magnitude.

[0085] The following is a detailed introduction to the quantum computing system and quantum computing method applicable to the embodiments of the present application in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0086] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing system provided in this application Figure 1 The quantum computing system 400 includes: an atomic source 410 , an atomic cavity 420 , an optical tweezers unit 430 , a light emitting unit 440 , and a quantum bit measurement unit 450 . The atomic cavity 420 is connected to the atomic source 410 .

[0087] Optionally, the quantum computing system 400 may further include a control system, such as the control system including a controller and a memory. The memory may include, but is not limited to, the following types of storage media: random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, mobile hard disks, CD-ROMs, or any other forms of storage media known in the art.

[0088] The controller can be used to control various components in the quantum computing system 400 according to the information to be calculated. For example, the controller can refer to a processor, such as a central processing unit (CPU), an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or a programmable logic device (PLD), and the above PLD can be a complex programmable logical device (CPLD), a field programmable gate array (FPGA), a generic array logic (GAL) or any combination thereof. For another example, the processor can also be a digital signal processor (DSP) or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components or any combination thereof. In this embodiment, the controller can be a microprocessor or any conventional processor.

[0089] The quantum computing method provided in this embodiment may include the following steps: the atomic source 410 provides multiple types of atoms, and the atomic cavity 420 stores the atoms provided by the atomic source 410, and the atoms provided by the atomic source 410 include first-type atoms and second-type atoms. Also, the optical tweezers unit 430 generates multiple optical tweezers in the atomic cavity 420, and arranges the optical tweezers that capture the atoms in the atomic cavity 420 among the multiple optical tweezers in a first manner to obtain an atomic array. The light emitting unit 440: generates a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to the first information, and irradiates the aforementioned atomic array with the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam. Finally, the quantum bit measurement unit 450 collects scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection light beam, and determines the quantum computing result of the first information based on the scattered photons. The Rydberg state of the first type of atoms includes a first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state, the first Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a first value, and the second Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a second value, and the Rydberg state of the second type of atoms includes a third Rydberg state and a fourth Rydberg state, the third Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a third value, and the fourth Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a fourth value. Moreover, the first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state, and the second frequency and the second direction of the second polarized light beam correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state.

[0090] Since these two energy values ​​are determined based on the magnetic quantum number of the atom, and the frequency range of light required to adjust to change the magnetic quantum number of the atom is small, the frequency range of light required to adjust to control the transition between Rydberg states of different types of atoms in the quantum computing system is reduced, which is conducive to the rapid adjustment of the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0091] The following is a detailed introduction to the various components included in the quantum computing system 400 and the specific process of the quantum computing method in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0092] Atom source 410 provides multiple types of atoms. Exemplarily, atoms provided by atom source 410 may include, but are not limited to, the following types of atoms: alkali metal atoms such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, cesium, or alkaline earth metal atoms such as beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium, radium, etc. The difference between alkali metal atoms and alkaline earth metal atoms is that alkali metal atoms have one outermost electron belonging to the s orbital, while alkaline earth metal atoms have two outermost electrons belonging to the s orbital.

[0093] As an optional implementation, the atomic cavity 420 includes: a glass cavity and a vacuum structure.

[0094] Exemplarily, the glass cavity can withstand a vacuum environment in its cavity. For example, the glass cavity includes a first connector and a cavity structure. Exemplarily, the vacuum structure may refer to a vacuum pump or other components or equipment for generating a vacuum environment, which is not limited in this application.

[0095] As a possible specific example, the glass cavity includes: a first connector and a cavity structure, wherein the first connector, the vacuum structure and the first hole structure are detachably connected. The first connector is connected to the atomic source 410, and the cavity structure is provided with a first hole structure. For example, the first hole structure penetrates the inner wall and the outer wall of the cavity structure.

[0096] For example, if the cavity structure is connected to the vacuum structure through the first hole structure, the vacuum structure is used to extract the background gas molecules in the cavity structure to put the cavity structure in a vacuum state. In this example, the center of the quantum computing system can be a vacuum glass cavity, which is connected to a vacuum pump to maintain an ultra-high vacuum environment in the glass cavity to suppress the collision of atomic quantum bits with the background gas molecules in the cavity and increase the trapped time and coherence time of atoms in the atomic cavity. The vacuum system is also provided with an atomic source to provide atomic quantum bits used by the system.

[0097] The above glass cavity and vacuum structure are only possible implementations of the atomic cavity 420 provided in this embodiment, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. In other optional implementations, the glass cavity can also be replaced by other cavities that can carry a vacuum environment in its cavity, such as a cavity composed of atoms or compositions with extremely high energy required for the transition from the ground state to the Rydberg state, and the present application is not limited to this.

[0098] In this embodiment, the atom chamber 420 is used to store atoms provided by the atom source 410, and the atoms provided by the atom source 410 include first type atoms and second type atoms. In some optional cases, the atoms provided by the atom source 410 may also include other types of atoms, such as third type atoms.

[0099] For example, the first type of atom may refer to a rubidium atom (Rb), and the second type of atom may refer to an ytterbium atom (Yb); or, the first type of atom may refer to an ytterbium atom (Yb), and the second type of atom may refer to a rubidium atom (Rb). It is worth noting that the first type of atom and the second type of atom may also refer to other atoms, which is not limited in this application.

[0100] This article takes the example that the first type of atom is Rb and the second type of atom is Yb for illustrative explanation, and will not repeat the explanation later.

[0101] In this embodiment, the Rydberg state of the first type of atoms includes a first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state, wherein the first Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a first value, and the second Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a second value.

[0102] Furthermore, the Rydberg state of the second type of atoms includes a third Rydberg state and a fourth Rydberg state, wherein the third Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a third value, and the fourth Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a fourth value.

[0103] The following is an exemplary description of the magnetic quantum numbers of different types of atoms and the energy differences (energy differences) of their corresponding Rydberg states, as shown in the following figure: Figure 5 As shown, Figure 5 Schematic diagram of transition of Rydberg states of different atoms provided in this application. Assuming that the first type of atoms are α atoms and the second type of atoms are β atoms, the interatomic distance between the α atoms and the β atoms can be represented by R.

[0104] Among them, the first Rydberg state is Figure 5 Rydberg state The adjacent Rydberg states of the first Rydberg state are

[0105] The second Rydberg state is Figure 5 Rydberg state The adjacent Rydberg state of the second Rydberg state is

[0106] The third Rydberg state is Figure 5 Rydberg state The adjacent Rydberg states of the third Rydberg state are

[0107] The fourth Rydberg state is Figure 5 Rydberg state The adjacent Rydberg states of the third Rydberg state are

[0108] For example, the energy difference between the first Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is a first energy value, the energy difference between the second Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is a second energy value, the energy difference between the third Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is a third energy value, and the energy difference between the fourth Rydberg state and its adjacent Rydberg state is a fourth energy value.

[0109] The difference (energy difference) between the energy of the Rydberg state of the first type of atoms and its adjacent Rydberg state, and the energy of the Rydberg state of the second type of atoms and its adjacent Rydberg state is less than the energy threshold.

[0110] For example, the difference between the first energy value and the third energy value (energy difference) is less than the energy threshold.

[0111] For another example, the difference (energy difference) between the first energy value and the fourth energy value is less than the energy threshold.

[0112] For another example, the difference (energy difference) between the second energy value and the third energy value is smaller than the energy threshold.

[0113] For another example, the difference (energy difference) between the second energy value and the fourth energy value is less than the energy threshold.

[0114] In this example, the above energy difference is also called the energy defect of different types of atoms in the transition process. Exemplarily, the interatomic interaction force V(R) between α atoms and β atoms can be obtained according to the following formula (1).

[0115]

[0116] Where, △ = E bd -E ac , △ refers to the transition process The energy defect of the channel (eg, the difference between the first energy value and the third energy value). for The dipole interaction of a single channel has the characteristics of fast adjustment and strong directionality. In order to isolate and highlight The channel can be achieved by using a two-component system and selecting a suitable combination of principal quantum number and orbital quantum number. (That is, the energy threshold mentioned above). Taking rubidium and ytterbium atoms as examples, Figure 6 The energy difference between rubidium and ytterbium and their neighboring Rydberg states at different principal quantum numbers is shown. In a two-component atomic system or a multi-component atomic system, there are multiple The principal quantum number combination.

[0117] As an optional implementation, the above principal quantum number combination can be achieved in the following way: by selecting the principal quantum number of the rubidium atom (n Rb ) and the principal quantum number of the ytterbium atom (n Yb ), and n Rb 、n Yb and the energy difference of their respective neighboring Rydberg states to determine The principal quantum number combination of Figure 6 As shown, the horizontal axis is the principal quantum number of the atom (n), and the vertical axis is Log(|E ns -E np |in GHz), where E ns It refers to the energy value corresponding to the s orbital of an atom with a principal quantum number of n. np It refers to the energy value corresponding to the p orbital of an atom with a principal quantum number of n.

[0118] Based on the quantum properties of atoms, the strength of the interaction between atoms can take many different forms depending on the angle of the quantization axis. Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the three interatomic interaction forces provided for this application.

[0119] exist Figure 7 In the example 1 shown, the force in the up-down direction is larger, and the force in the left-right direction is smaller, that is, the dipole force in the up-down direction is strong, and the interatomic interaction force has a strong directionality in the up-down direction.

[0120] exist Figure 7 In the example 2 shown, there is no force in the up-down direction, and the force in the left-right direction is relatively large, that is, the dipole force in the left-right direction is strong, and the interatomic interaction force has a strong directionality in the left-right direction.

[0121] exist Figure 7 In the example 3 shown, the force along the lower left-upper right is larger, and the force along the upper left-lower right is larger, that is, the interaction force between atoms has strong directionality along the lower left-upper right and upper left-lower right directions.

[0122] The above three examples are used to implement the implementation methods provided in this embodiment, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. Figure 7 The three interatomic interaction forces shown are mixed with each other, causing the interatomic interaction forces in the atomic array to lose their strong directionality.

[0123] In order to make the interatomic interaction force have strong directionality, so as to effectively control the interatomic interaction force in different directions, the embodiment of the present application provides an optional implementation method: select a suitable orbital quantum number, break the spatial symmetry of the transition between adjacent Rydberg states, thereby strengthening the directionality of the interatomic interaction force to improve the accuracy of quantum computing. For more information about the orbital quantum number, please refer to the description related to strong directionality in the following (III) quantum state preparation and manipulation (control), which will not be repeated here.

[0124] Please continue to see Figure 4 The optical tweezers unit 430 provided in this embodiment is used to: generate multiple optical tweezers in the atomic cavity 420, and arrange the optical tweezers that have captured atoms in the atomic cavity 420 in the multiple optical tweezers in a first manner to obtain an atomic array. Exemplarily, the optical tweezers unit 430 may include, but is not limited to: one or two of a light source, a spatial light modulator (SLM), or an acousto-optic deflector (AOD). The light source is used to provide a trapped light, and the SLM and the AOD are used to generate an optical tweezers array.

[0125] It is worth noting that since the optical tweezers generated by the optical tweezers unit 430 are used to capture atoms, in some examples, these light beams forming the optical tweezers can also be referred to as static optical tweezers array light (beams) in the quantum computing process.

[0126] Based on the above atomic sequence, the quantum computing system can realize the quantum computing process between data and data (or information and information). Fig. 8A As shown, Fig. 8A Schematic diagram of the information control process and quantum computing process provided for this application.

[0127] like Fig. 8A As shown, the information control process includes: step 1, designing the appropriate atomic array arrangement relationship and quantum bit logic gate (referred to as quantum gate or logic gate) according to the target problem; step 2, designing the appropriate quantum number combination according to the target problem (refer to Figure 5 and Figure 6); step 3, adjusting the optical parameters of the light beam during the quantum computing process; step 4, determining whether to adjust the optical parameters during the quantum computing process, if so, returning to step 3; if not, ending the information control process. The contents of step 3 and step 4 and the description of (iii) quantum state preparation and manipulation (manipulation) described below are not repeated here. The quantum computing process generally includes the following four processes: (i) preparation and cooling of atomic magneto-optical traps; (ii) loading and rearrangement of atomic arrays; (iii) quantum state preparation and manipulation (manipulation); (iv) quantum state reading. The above four processes are exemplified below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0128] (I) Preparation and cooling of atomic magneto-optical trap.

[0129] Figure 8B This is a schematic diagram of the loading of the optical tweezers and atomic array provided in this application. Figure 8B In (a), the multiple atoms stored in the atomic cavity form an atomic cloud, and the atoms in the atomic cloud are cooled by laser and collected at the magnetic field center of the atomic cavity. At the same time, the atomic cavity also includes multiple optical tweezers generated by the optical tweezers unit 430, and these multiple optical tweezers form a Figure 8B The light trap shown in (b). Figure 8B In (b), the optical trap corresponds to a 4×4 optical tweezers array, that is, the atomic cavity includes 16 optical tweezers for trapping atoms. Since the optical tweezers array is used to capture the atomic cloud located at the center of the magnetic field, in some cases, the optical trap is also called an atomic magneto-optical trap or magneto-optical trap in the atomic cavity.

[0130] In this embodiment, each optical tweezer can be used to trap one or more atoms.

[0131] In one possible example, an optical tweezer is used to trap an atom.

[0132] In another possible example, one optical tweezer is used to trap multiple atoms, such as two, three, five, or another number.

[0133] The number of atoms that can be captured by each optical tweezer is related to the atomic spatial density and the spatial range that the optical tweezers can cover.

[0134] Combine the following Figure 8B (c) in the figure provides an exemplary illustration of the process of capturing atoms by optical tweezers (loading and rearrangement of the atomic array).

[0135] (ii) Loading and rearrangement of atomic arrays.

[0136] like Figure 8BAs shown in (c), due to the randomness of the process of loading atoms with optical tweezers, only part of the optical tweezers in the magneto-optical trap (optical trap) may be loaded with atoms, resulting in a random distribution of atoms in the optical tweezers array. In order to make each atom in the atomic cavity meet the requirements of quantum computing, it is necessary to rearrange the atoms in the atomic cavity according to the computational problems to be solved by quantum computing (such as quantum simulation, data calculation, etc.).

[0137] Optionally, the controller in the quantum computing system may determine the arrangement of atoms in the atomic cavity according to input information to be calculated.

[0138] For example, Fig. 8A As shown in the information control process in , the input information to be calculated includes first information and second information. The first information is used to determine the optical parameters of the excitation light required to manipulate the quantum state (such as the direction, frequency and polarization of the light beam), and the second information is used to determine the arrangement relationship of the atomic optical tweezers that capture different types of atoms in the atomic cavity.

[0139] In some possible ways, the second information is determined according to the target problem to be solved by the quantum computing system. Fig. 8A In the information control process, the appropriate atomic array arrangement relationship and quantum bit logic gate (quantum gate or logic gate for short) are designed according to the target problem. The atomic array arrangement relationship is used to determine the above-mentioned second information, and the quantum bit logic gate is used to determine the quantum number combination (principal quantum number, orbital quantum number and magnetic quantum number) to be used in this embodiment. For the content of quantum number combination, please refer to the above Figure 5 and Figure 6 The relevant description will not be repeated here.

[0140] In this embodiment, the controller controls the optical tweezers unit 430 according to the aforementioned second information, so that the optical tweezers unit 430 arranges the atoms of different types captured in the magneto-optical trap in a first manner to obtain an atomic array, such as Figure 4 The atomic array shown in Figure 4 In the figure, the black circular patterns in the atomic array are the first type of atoms, and the white circular patterns are the second type of atoms.

[0141] Optionally, the data volume of the second information is associated with the bit width of the quantum bit that can be represented by the atomic array. Exemplarily, the bit width of the quantum bit that can be represented by the atomic array is greater than or equal to the data volume of the second information.

[0142] In the first optional scenario, the bit width of the quantum bit that can be represented by the atomic array is greater than the data volume of the second information. For example, if the bit width of the quantum bit that can be represented by the atomic array is 10 bits, then the data volume of the second information is 9 bits, 8 bits (1 byte), or other amounts.

[0143] In the second optional scenario, the bit width of the quantum bit that can be represented by the atomic array is equal to the data volume of the second information. For example, if the bit width of the quantum bit that can be represented by the atomic array is 10 bits, then the data volume of the second information is 10 bits.

[0144] The above two possible situations are only examples of the bit width of the qubit that can be represented by the atomic array provided in this embodiment, and should not be understood as limiting the present application. In some optional situations, an atomic array can be used to represent qubits with smaller or larger bit widths, such as 4 bits, 2 10 bit, 2 20 bit, 2 100 bit or other and so on.

[0145] In order to more accurately manipulate different types of atoms in the atomic cavity, optical tweezers in different wavelength ranges can be used to capture and manipulate different types of atoms. For example, Figure 8B The wavelengths of the optical tweezers are different. The optical tweezers in the first wavelength range are used to capture the first type of atoms, and the optical tweezers in the second wavelength range are used to capture the second type of atoms. In the embodiment of the present application, during the loading and rearrangement phase of the atomic array, optical tweezers of different wavelengths are used to stagger the atoms of two different components so that the arranged atomic array meets the requirements of quantum computing.

[0146] like Figure 8B As shown in (c) and (d) in the figure, (c) is that only some of the optical tweezers have captured atoms, and the optical tweezers are randomly arranged; (d) is the atomic array obtained after the randomly arranged atoms are rearranged. In some cases, the atomic array shown in (d) is also called a defect-free atomic array.

[0147] In this way, optical tweezers in different wavelength ranges are used to capture different types of atoms, which avoids the problem of disordered arrangement of the atomic array caused by capturing different types of atoms with optical tweezers in the same wavelength range, and is beneficial to improving the accuracy of quantum computing.

[0148] (iii) Quantum state preparation and manipulation (control).

[0149] Combination Figure 4 For example, the light emitting unit 440 generates a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to the first information, and irradiates the atom array generated in step (ii) with the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam.

[0150] The first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state. Exemplarily, the first polarized light beam is used to excite the first type of atoms to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state. For example, when the first type of atoms is in the ground state, after the first polarized light beam irradiates the first type of atoms, the quantum state of the first type of atoms changes to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state.

[0151] The second frequency and the second direction of the second polarized light beam correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state. Exemplarily, the second polarized light beam is used to excite the third type of atoms to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state. For example, when the second type of atoms is in the ground state, after the second polarized light beam irradiates the second type of atoms, the quantum state of the second type of atoms changes to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state.

[0152] In the quantum computing scenario, since the purity of the polarization of the light beam has a great influence on the fidelity of the quantum bit logic gate, there needs to be a suitable angle between the two light paths (the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam) to improve the fidelity of the quantum bit logic gate represented by the atomic array in the atomic cavity 420. Exemplarily, the angle between the two light paths can be determined according to the confidence requirement of quantum computing. If the confidence requirement is high, the angle between the two light paths is larger; if the confidence requirement is low, the angle between the two light paths is smaller.

[0153] As a possible example, the angle between the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam is 90°. In the quantum computing process, by changing the angle between the two polarized light beams, the Rydberg states of the atoms corresponding to the polarized light beams can be manipulated so that the atomic array represents different quantum bits.

[0154] Regarding the process of generating and adjusting polarized beams, Figure 4 Based on the light emitting unit 440 shown, the present application embodiment provides a possible implementation method, such as Fig. 9 As shown, Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing system provided in this application Figure 2 The light emitting unit 440 includes an excitation light source 441 and an optical path modulation component 442 , and the excitation light source 441 and the optical path modulation component 442 are connected.

[0155] The excitation light source 441 is used to generate an irradiation light beam for irradiating the atomic array in the atomic cavity 420 .

[0156] The optical path modulation component 442 is used to process the optical parameters of the irradiated light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in the first direction and a second polarized light beam in the second direction. The optical parameters include one or a combination of the following: beam direction, polarization, and frequency. The beam direction is used to indicate the physical direction of the optical path of the light beam during propagation. For the introduction of polarization and frequency, please refer to the description of technical terms in the specific implementation method, which will not be repeated here.

[0157] The optical path modulation component 442 can be implemented in one or more different ways to control the optical parameters of the irradiation light beam. Fig.10 , three possible implementations of the optical path modulation component 442 are provided, Fig.10 This is a schematic diagram of the implementation of the optical path modulation component provided in this application.

[0158] In the first implementation ( Fig.10 In the method 1), the optical path modulation component 442 includes: a beam splitter and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The AOM is used to: split the irradiation light beam into a first light beam of a first frequency and a second light beam of a second frequency, and the beam splitter is used to: adjust the direction of the first light beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized light beam, and adjust the direction of the second light beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized light beam.

[0159] In one possible scenario, the above AOM may also be replaced by an AOD or other optical device that can be used to adjust frequency and polarization. During the adjustment of the light beam, the order of adjusting the direction and frequency of the light beam may also change, such as first adjusting the frequency of the irradiated light beam by the AOD, and then adjusting the direction of the light beam by the spectrometer. That is to say, in an embodiment of the present application, the adjustment order of each optical parameter may be changed according to the physical position of the optical path modulation component in the quantum computing system or the priority of the optical parameters in the optical path (manual setting or system default), and the present application is not limited to this.

[0160] In this way, the frequency of the light beam is adjusted by AOM and the incident angle (direction of the light beam) is adjusted by a beam splitter, so that the adjusted two polarized light beams can be used to manipulate the quantum state in the atomic cavity, so that each atom in the atomic array is excited to a different Rydberg state, and then the interatomic interaction force of different atoms in the atomic array is controlled, the quantum bit logic gate is opened or closed, and the quantum computing process is completed.

[0161] Furthermore, since the present application selects a suitable combination of Rydberg states, the frequency range of the light required to adjust the magnetic quantum number of the atom is smaller. Therefore, the frequency range of the light required to adjust the quantum computing system to control the transition between different types of atoms in the Rydberg states is reduced. The use of AOM or AOD can also meet the requirements of quickly adjusting the frequency range of the light beam, which is conducive to quickly adjusting the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0162] For example, if the interatomic interaction that characterizes a quantum bit is less than a set threshold, the quantum bit logic gate is indicated to be closed; if the interatomic interaction that characterizes a quantum bit is greater than the set threshold, the quantum bit logic gate is indicated to be open. It is worth noting that if the interatomic interaction that characterizes a quantum bit is equal to the set threshold, the quantum bit logic gate is indicated to be open or closed. Whether it is opened or closed can be determined according to the needs of quantum computing, and this application does not limit this.

[0163] In the second implementation ( Fig.10 In the method 2), the optical path modulation component 442 includes: an electro-optic modulator (EOM) and a polarization beam splitter (PBS), which is also called a polarization beam splitter prism. The EOM is used to: process the illumination beam to obtain a first illumination sub-beam and a second illumination sub-beam with different polarizations. The PBS is used to: adjust the direction of the first illumination sub-beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized beam, and adjust the direction of the second illumination sub-beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized beam.

[0164] In this way, the embodiments of the present application provide two non-codirectional excitation light paths (a first polarized light beam and a second polarized light beam), and use an optical path modulation component to change the direction, polarization and frequency of the light beam to control the transition of atoms between different Rydberg states, so that the magnetic quantum numbers of different types of atoms change, which is conducive to the realization of quantum computing processes based on quantum bits.

[0165] In the third implementation ( Fig.10 In the method 3), the optical path modulation component 442 includes: a digital micromirror device (DMD). The DMD is used to: determine the optical parameters to be used according to the first information, and process the irradiated light beam according to the optical parameters to be used to obtain the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam. Among them, DMD is a kind of optical switch, which uses a rotating reflector to realize the opening and closing of the optical switch, and the opening and closing time is in the order of microseconds. The working principle of DMD includes: the light beam is directed to the reflective lens of the DMD. When the DMD is turned on, the light beam can enter one end of the optical fiber through a symmetrical optical path; when the DMD is turned off, that is, the reflector of the DMD produces a small rotation, the light beam is reflected and transmitted in another direction. If the light path in the other direction is closed, the effect of closing the optical switch is achieved.

[0166] The above three implementations are only examples of optical path modulation components provided by the embodiments of the present application and should not be understood as limitations on the present application. For example, the device used for splitting is not limited to a splitter, PBS or DMD, but may also be other fast splitting components capable of implementing the splitting function. In some optional situations, the above three implementations may be used one by one, or may be used in combination in part or in whole.

[0167] Regarding the optical path of the irradiation beam, assuming that the above three implementation methods are used together, Fig. 9 and Fig.10 On the basis of Fig.11 A possible example is provided, Fig.11 A schematic diagram of a method for rapidly changing light parameters provided in this application. The frequency of the light beam can be rapidly modulated by the radio frequency signal of the AOM or EOM; the polarization adjustment of the light beam requires changing the incident direction of the light beam through a rapid light splitting component, such as the angle between the two polarized light beams is 90°.

[0168] In the embodiment of the present application, the regulation of the interaction force between atoms requires the rapid change of the Rydberg state of the atoms. The Rydberg state of the atoms is changed by rapidly adjusting the frequency, direction and polarization of the light beam. The rapid adjustment of the laser frequency can be achieved by adjusting the radio frequency signal of the AOM or EOM, while the adjustment of the polarization of the excitation light requires changing the incident direction of the excitation light. Since the frequency required to change the magnetic quantum number (100MHz) is much smaller than the frequency required to change the principal quantum number (10GHz), the adjustment of the quantum number will also be shortened from the millisecond level to the nanosecond level, which effectively improves the adjustment rate of the interatomic force and is conducive to improving the efficiency of quantum computing.

[0169] During the quantum computing process, the polarization of the light beam and the direction of the light beam are also related to the angle of the quantization axis in the atomic cavity 420, and the direction of the quantization axis is determined by the magnetic field generated by the coil wrapped around the atomic cavity 420. Therefore, in order to improve the strong directionality of the interatomic interaction force, the quantization axis can also be adjusted by adjusting the size and direction of the magnetic field to change the direction of the interatomic interaction in the atomic array.

[0170] In order to further enhance the strong directionality of the interaction force between atoms in the atomic array, the embodiments of the present application can also enhance the single dipole moment force by controlling the orbital quantum number. Figure 7 The embodiments of the present application include the following three possible scenarios for selecting the orbital quantum number.

[0171] In the first possible case, the orbital quantum numbers of the first type of atoms corresponding to the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state are not zero. In this way, the first type of atoms have a single-direction dipole moment force in the atomic array, such as Figure 7 It should be understood that the single direction is not limited to the up-down direction or the left-right direction, and may be other directions, which is not limited in this application.

[0172] In the second possible scenario, the orbital quantum numbers of the second type of atoms corresponding to the third and fourth Rydberg states are not zero. In this way, the second type of atoms have a single-direction dipole moment force in the atomic array, such as Figure 7 It should be understood that the single direction is not limited to the up-down direction or the left-right direction, and may be other directions, which is not limited in this application.

[0173] In a third possible scenario, the orbital quantum numbers of the first type of atoms corresponding to the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state are not zero, and the orbital quantum numbers of the second type of atoms corresponding to the third Rydberg state and the fourth Rydberg state are not zero.

[0174] As an optional implementation, in the atomic array provided in the above embodiment, the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of the same type is smaller than the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of different types. In this way, the intensity of the interaction between different components will change by orders of magnitude with the angle, and the effect of opening or closing the quantum bit logic gate in a specific direction can be achieved.

[0175] In a possible specific example, a quantum computing system can make the interaction force between atoms of the same component much smaller than the interaction force between atoms of different components through the selection of quantum states (Rydberg states) or the spatial arrangement of atoms (the arrangement of the atomic array), thereby equivalently closing the logic gates between the same components and realizing the opening or closing of the quantum bit logic gates in a specific direction.

[0176] For example, the atoms in the atomic array can be operated with parallel logic gates (multi-qubit logic gates, multi-bit logic gates) through polarized light beams in different directions. If the polarized light beam is focused to a specific position in the atomic array through an objective lens and the selected atoms are independently manipulated, the above-mentioned polarized light beam and irradiation light beam can also be called addressing manipulation light in the quantum computing system. When the polarized light beam is used to manipulate all atoms in the atomic array, the polarized light beam is also called global addressing light or global light.

[0177] (iv) Quantum state reading.

[0178] Combination Figure 4 As shown, the above quantum bit measurement unit 450 is used to collect scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection beam, and determine the quantum calculation result of the first information according to the scattered photons. The first information is one of the input information of the quantum calculation.

[0179] Regarding the implementation of the quantum bit measurement unit 450, Fig. 9 An optional example is provided based on Fig.12 As shown, Fig.12 A schematic diagram of the structure of a quantum computing system provided in this application Figure 3 . Figure 4 and Fig. 9 The existing components are not described here. Fig.12 The quantum bit measurement unit 450 includes: an atomic detection light source 451, an objective lens 452, a photoelectric conversion unit 453 and a bit quantization unit 454. The photoelectric conversion unit 453 is connected to the objective lens 452, and the bit quantization unit 454 is connected to the photoelectric conversion unit 453.

[0180] The atom detection light source 451 is used to provide a detection beam for irradiating the atom array. In some possible situations, the detection beam can also be called a detection beam of a quantum bit.

[0181] The objective lens 452 is used to collect scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection beam. Fig.12 In the figure, the quantum bit measurement unit 450 includes two objective lenses 452, but this is only an example provided in this embodiment and should not be understood as a limitation of the present application. The quantum bit measurement unit 450 may also include only one objective lens or a greater number of objective lenses to collect the above-mentioned scattered photons.

[0182] The photoelectric conversion unit 453 is used to: perform photoelectric conversion on the scattered photons collected by the objective lens 452 to output an electrical signal, and the electrical signal indicates the quantum bits in the atomic array, such as the electrical signal refers to voltage or current. In some possible situations, the photoelectric conversion unit 453 may include: a camera and a photoelectric signal processing module. For example, the camera is used to perform fluorescence imaging on the scattered photons collected by the objective lens 452 and output image data; the photoelectric signal processing module is used to process the image data output by the camera to obtain an electrical signal representing the quantum bit. The camera and the photoelectric signal processing module can be two interconnected hardware devices, or they can be integrated in one hardware device, and this application is not limited to this.

[0183] The bit quantization unit 454 is used to determine the quantum computing result of the first information according to the electrical signal.

[0184] In the embodiment of the present application, in the process of selecting the Rydberg state, the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states to be manipulated by the same type of atoms are different, so that the same type of atoms have energy values ​​related to the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states during the transition between different Rydberg states. Since the two energy values ​​are determined according to the magnetic quantum numbers of the atoms, and the frequency range of the light required to adjust to change the magnetic quantum number of the atoms is small, the frequency range of the light required to adjust to control the transition between Rydberg states of different types of atoms in the quantum computing system is reduced, which is conducive to quickly adjusting the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0185] Taking the example that the first type of atom is Rb and the second type of atom is Yb, two possible specific implementation methods are provided for the above embodiment.

[0186] In a first possible implementation, the rapid adjustability of magnetic quantum numbers is utilized during quantum computing or simulation to rapidly change the direction or strength of the force.

[0187] First, the technical principle of this specific implementation is explained: ①. Make the energy defect of the heterogeneous component interaction channel much smaller than that of the same component interaction channel, so that the interaction force between heterogeneous components is much greater than the interaction force between same components. ②. The Rydberg state of at least one component is in the P-state or D-state (that is, the orbital quantum number is not equal to zero), which enhances the directionality and adjustability of the heterogeneous component interaction channel. Therefore, when the magnetic quantum number changes, the direction of the interaction force between atoms can be greatly changed.

[0188] Taking Rb and Yb atoms as an example, consider Rb in P 1 / 2 , Yb is in 1 P 1 Orbital quantum states. Fig.13 The enhancement of the directionality of Rb-Yb heterogeneous interaction relative to homogeneous interaction under different principal quantum number combinations is demonstrated. Fig.13 In (a) and (b), the quantum number combinations are (Rb, P 1 / 2 , m j =1 / 2; Yb, 1 P 1 , m j =0) and (Rb, P 1 / 2 , m j =1 / 2; Yb, 1 P 1 , m j =1), Fig.13 ① represents that the strong axis of Rb-Yb interaction is in the same direction as the quantization axis, and ② represents that the strong axis of Rb-Yb interaction is perpendicular to the quantization axis.

[0189] exist Fig.13 In (a) and (b), when the magnetic quantum number changes, the interaction force changes from being perpendicular to the quantization axis to being in the same direction as the quantization axis.

[0190] Combination Fig.13 (a) with Fig.13 (b) Fig.13 (c) shows the magnitude of change in interaction directionality with magnetic quantum number, with the black square pattern representing a quantum number combination with a larger magnitude of change.

[0191] With (n Yb =52,n Rb =46) as an example, Fig.14 (a) and (b) show the Rb =46, P 1 / 2 , m j =1 / 2; n Yb =52, 1 P 1 , m j =0) and (n Rb =46, P 1 / 2 , m j =1 / 2; n Yb =52, 1 P 1 , m j =1) quantum state, the interaction changes with angle. As shown in (a) and (b) in 14, when the magnetic quantum number of Yb changes from 0 to 1, the strong axis of interaction changes from perpendicular to the quantization axis to the same direction as the quantization axis. In calculations and simulations, by changing the polarization and frequency of the excitation light, the magnetic quantum number of the Rydberg state is changed, thereby changing the direction of the strong axis of interaction.

[0192] During the atomic array loading and rearrangement stage, optical tweezers arrays with different wavelengths are used to stagger the atoms of two different components. Fig.15 As shown, Fig.15 Schematic diagram of quantum bit manipulation provided for this application Figure 1 . In the quantum computing and simulation stage, by changing the polarization and frequency of the excitation light, the magnetic quantum number of the Rydberg state is changed, thereby changing the direction of the strong axis of interaction, so that adjacent atoms feel different interactions. Since the time required to change the frequency and polarization is on the order of 100ns, which is much shorter than the general quantum computing or simulation process, it can be used to dynamically adjust the direction of the strong axis of interaction during the calculation or simulation process, thereby adjusting the quantum logic gate or the simulated Hamiltonian, realizing the Floquet Hamiltonian, and can be used to simulate topological systems.

[0193] Compared with the usual force adjustment scheme, which is to change the distance between atoms in space or the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state, and to change the atomic space interval, the optical tweezers that trap atoms need to be moved. Depending on the distance moved and the number of optical tweezers involved, the time required for movement varies from 1ms to 100ms, and the quantum calculation or simulation process takes a long time. For example, in the usual technology, changing the principal quantum number of the Rydberg state requires changing the excitation light frequency by several GHz, and the laser needs to be re-locked, which generally takes several milliseconds.

[0194] The embodiments of the present application provide a method for quickly adjusting the interaction between atoms. Changing the magnetic quantum number of the Rydberg state only requires changing the frequency of the excitation light to the MHz level, and the time required to adjust the light beam is on the order of 100ns, which is much shorter than the time of general quantum computing or simulation processes. Therefore, it can be used to dynamically adjust the direction of the strong axis (quantization axis) of the interaction during the calculation or simulation process.

[0195] In a second possible specific implementation method, a suitable combination of Rydberg quantum states is selected during quantum computing or simulation so that certain specific heterocomponent dipole interaction channels are isolated and highlighted, making the interaction force between heterocomponent atoms highly directional.

[0196] First, the technical principle of this specific implementation is explained: ① When selecting a quantum state combination, the Rydberg state of at least one component is in a P-state or D-state (i.e., the orbital quantum number is not equal to zero), which enhances the directionality of the interaction channel between different components. ② By selecting the spatial arrangement of quantum states or atoms, the interaction force between the same components is much smaller than the interaction force between different components.

[0197] Taking Rb and Yb atoms as an example, assuming that the goal is to obtain a cross-shaped heterogeneous component interaction, consider that Rb is in P 3 / 2 , Yb is in 1 P 1 Orbital quantum states.

[0198] Fig.16 (a) shows the different principal quantum number combinations. changes.

[0199] Fig.16 (b) shows that in (n Rb =58,P 3 / 2 , m j =3 / 2; n Yb =51, 1 P 1 , m j =0), the interaction between the Rb-Yb heterocomponents is a cross.

[0200] Fig.16(c) shows two Yb atoms (n Yb =51, 1 P 1 , m j =0). The same component interaction between Yb and Yb is much weaker than the heterogeneous component interaction between Rb and Yb.

[0201] During the atomic array loading and rearrangement stage, optical tweezers arrays with different wavelengths are used to stagger the atoms of two different components. Fig.15 As shown, Fig.17 Schematic diagram of quantum bit manipulation provided for this application Figure 2 In the quantum computing and simulation stage, by exciting atoms to the appropriate Rydberg state, (n Rb =58,P 3 / 2 , m j =3 / 2; n Yb =52, 1 P 1 , m j =0) can make the heterogeneous interaction between Rb and Yb stronger than the homogeneous interaction between Yb and Yb by more than one order of magnitude at the same atomic distance. At the same time, since the distance between Yb and Yb is larger than that between Rb and Yb, the effective interaction between Rb and Yb is more than two orders of magnitude stronger than that between Yb and Yb, which can be regarded as equivalent to closing the quantum bit logic gate between Yb and Yb, and can be used to realize CNOT 4 Quantum bit logic gates.

[0202] In the conventional technical solution, the orbital quantum numbers corresponding to the Rydberg states of different components are all zero, resulting in no order of magnitude change in the intensity of heterogeneous interaction with the angle, making it difficult to close the bit logic gate in a specific direction. In the embodiment of the present application, the orbital quantum number of the Rydberg state of at least one component is not zero, which can achieve the change in the intensity of heterogeneous interaction with the angle, and the interaction force between the same components can be much smaller than the interaction force between heterogeneous components by selecting the quantum state or the spatial arrangement of atoms, thereby equivalently closing the logic gate between the same components.

[0203] In summary, the present application uses a quantum computing system of multi-component atoms, and by selecting appropriate magnetic quantum numbers, atoms of the same type have energy values ​​related to the magnetic quantum numbers of the two Rydberg states during the transition between different Rydberg states. Since the two energy values ​​are determined based on the magnetic quantum numbers of the atoms, and the frequency range of the light required to adjust the magnetic quantum numbers of the atoms is small, the frequency range of the light required to adjust the transition between Rydberg states of different types of atoms in the quantum computing system is reduced, which is conducive to quickly adjusting the quantum state of the atomic array to improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0204] In addition, by selecting a suitable orbital quantum number, an interatomic interaction force with strong directionality and adjustable strength can be achieved, and the strength of the interatomic interaction force can change by orders of magnitude with the angle. Therefore, by changing the polarization and frequency of the light beam (the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam), the magnetic quantum number of the atom can be quickly adjusted during quantum computing or simulation to control the interatomic interaction force and improve the speed and efficiency of quantum computing.

[0205] The method steps in the embodiments of the present application can also be implemented by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in random access memory (RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable read-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), registers, hard disks, mobile hard disks, CD-ROMs or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor so that the processor can read information from the storage medium and write information to the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium can also be a component of the processor. The processor and the storage medium can be located in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC can be located in a network device or a terminal device. Of course, the processor and the storage medium can also be present in a video processing device and a multimedia device as discrete components.

[0206] In the above embodiments, it can be implemented in whole or in part by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When implemented by software, it can be implemented in whole or in part in the form of a computer program product. The computer program product includes one or more computer programs or instructions. When the computer program or instruction is loaded and executed on a computer, the process or function described in the embodiment of the present application is executed in whole or in part. The computer may be a general-purpose computer, a special-purpose computer, a computer network, a network device, a user device or other programmable device. The computer program or instruction may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer program or instruction may be transmitted from one website site, computer, server or data center to another website site, computer, server or data center by wired or wireless means. The computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that a computer can access or a data storage device such as a server or data center that integrates one or more available media. The available medium may be a magnetic medium, for example, a floppy disk, a hard disk, a tape; it may also be an optical medium, for example, a digital video disc (DVD); it may also be a semiconductor medium, for example, a solid state drive (SSD).

[0207] The above is only a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can easily think of various equivalent modifications or replacements within the technical scope disclosed in the present application, and these modifications or replacements should be included in the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A quantum computing system, characterized in that: include: an atom source for providing various types of atoms; an atom cavity, connected to the atom source, and used to store atoms provided by the atom source, wherein the atoms provided by the atom source include first-type atoms and second-type atoms; The Rydberg state of the first type of atoms includes: a first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state, the first Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a first value, and the second Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a second value, and the Rydberg state of the second type of atoms includes: a third Rydberg state and a fourth Rydberg state, the third Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a third value, and the fourth Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a fourth value; An optical tweezers unit is used to: generate a plurality of optical tweezers in the atomic cavity, and arrange the optical tweezers that have captured atoms in the atomic cavity among the plurality of optical tweezers in a first manner to obtain an atomic array, wherein one optical tweezer is used to capture one or more atoms; a light emitting unit, configured to: generate a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to first information; the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam are used to irradiate the atomic array, and a first frequency of the first polarized light beam and the first direction correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state, and a second frequency of the second polarized light beam and the second direction correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state; The quantum bit measurement unit is used to collect scattered photons generated by the atomic array after being irradiated by the detection light beam, and determine the quantum calculation result of the first information based on the scattered photons.

2. The quantum computing system according to claim 1, characterized in that An energy difference between the first Rydberg state and an adjacent Rydberg state of the first Rydberg state is a first energy value, an energy difference between the third Rydberg state and an adjacent Rydberg state of the third Rydberg state is a third energy value, and a difference between the first energy value and the third energy value is less than an energy threshold.

3. The quantum computing system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The light emitting unit comprises: An excitation light source, used for providing an irradiation light beam; An optical path modulation component is connected to the excitation light source and is used to: process the optical parameters of the irradiation light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction; the optical parameters include one or a combination of the following: beam direction, polarization, and frequency.

4. The quantum computing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical path modulation component comprises: an acousto-optic modulator AOM, for: dividing the illumination light beam into a first light beam of a first frequency and a second light beam of a second frequency; The beam splitter is used to adjust the direction of the first light beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized light beam, and adjust the direction of the second light beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized light beam.

5. The quantum computing system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The optical path modulation component comprises: An electro-optic modulator EOM is used to: process the illumination beam to obtain a first illumination sub-beam and a second illumination sub-beam with different polarizations; The polarization beam splitter PBS is used to adjust the direction of the first irradiation sub-beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized beam, and adjust the direction of the second irradiation sub-beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized beam.

6. The quantum computing system according to claim 3, characterized in that The optical path modulation component comprises: The digital micromirror device (DMD) is used to determine the light parameters to be used according to the first information, and process the illumination light beam according to the light parameters to be used to obtain the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam.

7. The quantum computing system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The orbital quantum numbers of the first type of atoms corresponding to the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state are not zero; And / or, the orbital quantum numbers of the second type of atoms corresponding to the third Rydberg state and the fourth Rydberg state are not zero.

8. The quantum computing system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that: In the atomic array, the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of the same type is smaller than the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of different types.

9. The quantum computing system according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The arrangement relationship of the optical tweezers that capture different types of atoms in the atomic array is determined based on second information, and the second information and the first information are input information of the quantum computing process of the quantum computing result.

10. The quantum computing system according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The wavelengths of the multiple optical tweezers are different, wherein the optical tweezers in a first wavelength range are used to capture the first type of atoms, and the optical tweezers in a second wavelength range are used to capture the second type of atoms.

11. The quantum computing system according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to a first Rydberg state or a second Rydberg state, including: the first polarized light beam is used to excite the first type of atoms to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state.

12. The quantum computing system according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that: The first type of atoms are rubidium atoms, and the second type of atoms are ytterbium atoms.

13. A quantum computing method, characterized in that: Applied to a quantum computing system, the quantum computing system comprises: an atomic source, an atomic cavity, an optical tweezers unit, a light emission unit and a quantum bit measurement unit, the atomic cavity being connected to the atomic source; The quantum computing method comprises: The atom source provides multiple types of atoms to the atom cavity, and the atoms provided by the atom source include first type atoms and second type atoms; The Rydberg state of the first type of atoms includes: a first Rydberg state and a second Rydberg state, the first Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a first value, and the second Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the first type of atoms having a second value, and the Rydberg state of the second type of atoms includes: a third Rydberg state and a fourth Rydberg state, the third Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a third value, and the fourth Rydberg state corresponds to a magnetic quantum number of the second type of atoms having a fourth value; The optical tweezers unit generates a plurality of optical tweezers in the atomic cavity, and arranges the optical tweezers that have captured atoms in the atomic cavity among the plurality of optical tweezers in a first manner to obtain an atomic array, wherein one optical tweezer is used to capture one or more atoms; The light emitting unit generates a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to first information, and irradiates the atomic array with the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam; a first frequency of the first polarized light beam and the first direction correspond to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state, and a second frequency of the second polarized light beam and the second direction correspond to the third Rydberg state or the fourth Rydberg state; The quantum bit measurement unit collects scattered photons generated after the atomic array is irradiated by the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam detection light beam, and determines the quantum calculation result of the first information based on the scattered photons.

14. The quantum computing method according to claim 13, characterized in that: An energy difference between the first Rydberg state and an adjacent Rydberg state of the first Rydberg state is a first energy value, an energy difference between the third Rydberg state and an adjacent Rydberg state of the third Rydberg state is a third energy value, and a difference between the first energy value and the third energy value is less than an energy threshold.

15. The quantum computing method according to claim 13 or 14, characterized in that: The light emitting unit comprises: an excitation light source and an optical path modulation component connected to the excitation light source; The light emitting unit generates a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction according to the first information, including: The excitation light source provides an irradiation light beam; The optical path modulation component processes the optical parameters of the irradiation light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction; the optical parameters include one or a combination of the following: beam direction, polarization, and frequency.

16. The quantum computing method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The optical path modulation component includes: a spectrometer and an acousto-optic modulator (AOM); The optical path modulation component processes the optical parameters of the irradiation light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction, including: The AOM divides the illumination beam into a first beam of a first frequency and a second beam of a second frequency; The beam splitter adjusts the direction of the first light beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized light beam, and adjusts the direction of the second light beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized light beam.

17. The quantum computing method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The optical path modulation component includes: an electro-optic modulator EOM and a polarization beam splitter PBS; The optical path modulation component processes the optical parameters of the irradiation light beam according to the first information to obtain a first polarized light beam in a first direction and a second polarized light beam in a second direction, including: The EOM processes the illumination beam according to the first information to obtain a first illumination sub-beam and a second illumination sub-beam with different polarizations; The PBS adjusts the direction of the first irradiation sub-beam to a first direction to obtain a first polarized beam, and adjusts the direction of the second irradiation sub-beam to a second direction to obtain a second polarized beam according to the first information.

18. The quantum computing method according to claim 15, characterized in that: The optical path modulation component includes a digital micromirror device (DMD), which is used to determine the optical parameters to be used according to the first information, and process the irradiation light beam according to the optical parameters to be used to obtain the first polarized light beam and the second polarized light beam.

19. The quantum computing method according to any one of claims 13 to 18, characterized in that: The orbital quantum numbers of the first type of atoms corresponding to the first Rydberg state and the second Rydberg state are not zero; And / or, the orbital quantum numbers of the second type of atoms corresponding to the third Rydberg state and the fourth Rydberg state are not zero.

20. The quantum computing method according to any one of claims 13 to 19, characterized in that: In the atomic array, the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of the same type is smaller than the interatomic interaction force between two adjacent atoms of different types.

21. The quantum computing method according to any one of claims 13 to 20, characterized in that: The arrangement relationship of the optical tweezers that capture different types of atoms in the atomic array is determined based on second information, and the second information and the first information are input information of the quantum computing process of the quantum computing result.

22. The quantum computing method according to any one of claims 13 to 21, characterized in that: The wavelengths of the multiple optical tweezers are different, wherein the optical tweezers in a first wavelength range are used to capture the first type of atoms, and the optical tweezers in a second wavelength range are used to capture the second type of atoms.

23. The quantum computing method according to any one of claims 13 to 22, characterized in that: The first frequency and the first direction of the first polarized light beam correspond to a first Rydberg state or a second Rydberg state, including: the first polarized light beam is used to excite the first type of atoms to the first Rydberg state or the second Rydberg state.

24. The quantum computing method according to any one of claims 13 to 23, characterized in that: The first type of atoms are rubidium atoms, and the second type of atoms are ytterbium atoms.

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