Regulating device, battery pack and battery pack thermal runaway regulating method

Abstract

The embodiment of the application provides a kind of regulation and control device, battery pack and battery pack thermal runaway regulation and control method, it is related to battery management technical field, the regulation and control device includes regulation and control component and fire extinguishing medium supply component, regulation and control component includes regulation and control body and first control valve, regulation and control body is contacted with the electric core in battery pack, regulation and control body has regulation and control cavity, regulation and control cavity stores fire extinguishing medium, first control valve is communicated with regulation and control cavity.Fire extinguishing medium supply component stores fire extinguishing medium, fire extinguishing medium supply component is connected with regulation and control cavity pipeline connection.Fire extinguishing medium supply component can inject fire extinguishing medium into regulation and control cavity, to limit the expansion deformation amount of electric core, fire extinguishing medium can also be sprayed to electric core nearby by regulation and control cavity and first control valve.According to the regulation and control device provided in the embodiment of the application, the restraint force can be provided for the electric core, the use performance of the electric core is guaranteed, the electric core can be cooled or extinguished in thermal runaway, the safety of the battery pack is improved, and the package body uniformity can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This application relates to the field of battery management technology, and in particular to a control device, a battery pack, and a method for controlling thermal runaway of the battery pack. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of new energy vehicles, users have increasingly higher requirements for the performance of power batteries, especially in terms of safety and lifespan.

[0003] There is a risk of thermal runaway in the cells of existing battery packs. In related technologies, an early warning system is set up between the cells to monitor the thermal expansion of the cells and thus provide early warning of the fire risk of the cells.

[0004] However, the aforementioned early warning system has a relatively simple thermal management method for battery cells and lacks targeted regulation of battery cells under different thermal expansion states, which in turn affects the performance and safety of the battery pack. Summary of the Invention

[0005] Based on this, this application provides a control device, a battery pack, and a method for controlling thermal runaway in a battery pack, in order to solve the problem that the existing thermal management methods for battery cells in a battery pack are relatively simple and lack targeted control for battery cells under different thermal expansion states, which in turn affects the performance and safety of the battery pack.

[0006] In a first aspect, this application provides a control device, comprising:

[0007] The control assembly includes a control body and a first control valve disposed on the control body. The control body is used to contact at least one cell in the battery pack. The control body has a control cavity for storing fire extinguishing medium. The first control valve is connected to the control cavity.

[0008] The fire extinguishing medium supply assembly contains the fire extinguishing medium and is connected to the control chamber pipeline.

[0009] The fire extinguishing medium supply component is configured to inject a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the control cavity when the expansion force of the battery cell is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, so that the control body restricts the expansion deformation of the battery cell.

[0010] When the rate of change of the expansion force of the battery cell is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold of the rate of change of the expansion force, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly is further configured to inject a second preset amount or continuously inject fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber, and the first control valve is configured to spray the fire extinguishing medium in the control chamber toward the vicinity of the battery cell.

[0011] In one possible implementation, a detection element and a controller are also included, with the controller electrically connected to the detection element, the first control valve, and the extinguishing medium supply assembly.

[0012] The detection element is used to contact the battery cell to detect the expansion force of the battery cell, and the controller is used to calculate the rate of change of the expansion force based on the expansion force and the detection time.

[0013] The controller is configured to, when the expansion force is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, control the fire extinguishing medium supply component to inject a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium; when the rate of change of expansion force is greater than or equal to the upper limit expansion force rate threshold, control the fire extinguishing medium supply component to inject a second preset amount or continuously inject fire extinguishing medium, and control the first control valve to open.

[0014] In one possible implementation, the extinguishing medium supply assembly includes a storage container and a second control valve. The storage container is connected to a control chamber pipeline, and the second control valve is located on the pipeline between the storage container and the control chamber.

[0015] The controller is electrically connected to the second control valve and is used to control the opening or closing of the second control valve.

[0016] In one possible implementation, a heat-conducting layer is provided on the outer wall of the control body, which is used to contact the battery cell.

[0017] Secondly, this application also provides a battery pack, including a housing assembly, at least one battery cell, and a control device of any one of the first aspects, wherein the battery cell is disposed within the housing assembly, and the control body in the control device is in contact with at least one battery cell.

[0018] In one possible implementation, a cooling element and a cold plate are also included, wherein the cooling element is used to contact a preset area on the surface of the battery cell and close to the terminal post to locally cool the preset area.

[0019] The cold plate is used to contact the side of the battery cell to cool the cell as a whole.

[0020] Thirdly, this application also provides a method for controlling thermal runaway in a battery pack, for any of the battery packs provided in the second aspect, comprising:

[0021] Obtain the expansion force of the battery cell and calculate the rate of change of the expansion force over a preset time period;

[0022] The expansion performance of the battery cell is evaluated by comparing the rate of change of expansion force with the threshold of the rate of change of expansion force. The threshold of the rate of change of expansion force includes the upper limit of the rate of change of expansion force, and the expansion performance includes normal expansion and abnormal expansion.

[0023] When the battery cell is in normal expansion, the fire extinguishing medium supply component injects fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber or continuously monitors the battery cell. When the battery cell is in abnormal expansion, emergency treatment is performed on the battery cell.

[0024] In one possible implementation, the expansion force change rate is compared with an expansion force change rate threshold to evaluate the cell's expansion performance. The expansion force change rate threshold includes an upper limit expansion force change rate threshold, and the expansion performance includes normal expansion and abnormal expansion.

[0025] The expansion force change rate threshold is set to at least a lower limit expansion force change rate threshold, a second expansion force change rate threshold, and an upper limit expansion force change rate threshold. Abnormal expansion is set to at least three levels: abnormal expansion level one, abnormal expansion level two, and abnormal expansion level three. The expansion force change rate of the battery cell is then compared with each expansion force change rate threshold.

[0026] When the rate of change of expansion force is less than the lower limit threshold of the rate of change of expansion force, the expansion of the battery cell is determined to be normal expansion.

[0027] When the rate of change of expansion force is greater than or equal to the lower limit threshold of expansion force change and less than the second threshold of expansion force change, the expansion of the battery cell is determined to be abnormal expansion level one.

[0028] When the rate of change of expansion force is greater than or equal to the second rate of change of expansion force and less than the upper rate of change of expansion force, the expansion of the battery cell is determined to be abnormal expansion level two.

[0029] When the rate of change of expansion force is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold of the rate of change of expansion force, the expansion of the battery cell is judged to be abnormal expansion level three.

[0030] In one possible implementation, when the battery cell is under normal expansion, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly injects fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber or continuously monitors the battery cell; when the battery cell is under abnormal expansion, emergency treatment of the battery cell includes:

[0031] When the battery cell is in a normal expansion state, if the expansion force of the battery cell is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component injects a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber; if the expansion force of the battery cell is greater than or equal to the lower limit expansion force threshold, the expansion force of the battery cell is continuously monitored.

[0032] When the battery cell is in an abnormal expansion state, the first expansion alarm signal is issued, the cooling component starts cooling, and the cooling component stops cooling when the temperature of the battery cell is lower than the fourth preset temperature.

[0033] When the battery cell is in an abnormal expansion state, a second expansion alarm signal is issued, the circuit connection of the battery cell is cut off, the cooling component is turned on, and the cooling component is turned off when the temperature of the battery cell is lower than the fourth preset temperature.

[0034] When the battery cell is in an abnormal expansion level three state, a third expansion alarm signal is issued, the circuit connection of the battery cell is cut off, the cooling component starts cooling, the fire extinguishing medium supply component starts injecting fire extinguishing medium, and the first control valve sprays fire extinguishing medium. When the temperature of the battery cell is lower than the fifth preset temperature, the fire extinguishing medium supply component stops injecting and the first control valve closes. The fifth preset temperature is greater than the fourth preset temperature.

[0035] One possible implementation also includes:

[0036] Obtain the temperature of the battery pack;

[0037] The battery pack's temperature is compared with a temperature threshold to evaluate its heat dissipation performance, which includes normal temperature and abnormally high temperature.

[0038] When the battery pack is at normal temperature, cool it or monitor it continuously. When the battery pack is at abnormally high temperature, take emergency measures.

[0039] In one possible implementation, the battery pack's temperature is compared to a temperature threshold to evaluate its thermal performance, where thermal performance includes normal temperature and abnormally high temperature.

[0040] The temperature thresholds are set to at least the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, and the third temperature threshold. The normal temperature is set to at least the normal low temperature and the normal high temperature. The abnormal high temperature is set to at least the high temperature level 1 and the high temperature level 2. The temperature of the battery pack is then compared with each temperature threshold.

[0041] When the temperature of the battery pack is lower than the first temperature threshold, the heating behavior of the battery pack is determined to be normal low temperature.

[0042] When the temperature of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, the heat generation of the battery pack is determined to be normal high temperature.

[0043] When the temperature of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold and less than the third temperature threshold, the heat generation of the battery pack is determined to be high temperature level 1.

[0044] When the temperature of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the heat generation of the battery pack is determined to be high temperature level 2.

[0045] In one possible implementation, when the battery pack is at normal temperature, cooling or continuous monitoring is performed on the battery pack; when the battery pack is at abnormally high temperature, emergency handling of the battery pack includes:

[0046] When the battery pack temperature is at a normal low temperature, the battery pack temperature is continuously monitored;

[0047] When the battery pack temperature is at a normal high temperature, the cold plate begins to cool, and stops cooling when the battery pack temperature drops to the sixth preset temperature.

[0048] When the battery pack temperature is at the first high temperature level, the first temperature alarm signal is issued, the cold plate starts to cool, the cooling component turns on, and the cooling component turns off when the battery pack temperature is lower than the seventh preset temperature, wherein the seventh preset temperature is higher than the sixth preset temperature.

[0049] When the battery pack temperature is at the high temperature level 2, a second temperature alarm signal is issued, the cold plate begins to cool, the refrigeration component starts to cool, the fire extinguishing medium supply component begins to inject the fire extinguishing medium, and the first control valve sprays the fire extinguishing medium. When the battery pack temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature, the fire extinguishing medium supply component stops injecting and the first control valve closes. The eighth preset temperature is greater than the seventh preset temperature.

[0050] The control device, battery pack, and battery pack thermal runaway control method provided in this application include a control component and a fire extinguishing medium supply component. The control component includes a control body and a first control valve. The control body is in contact with at least one battery cell in the battery pack, and a control cavity is provided in the control body for storing fire extinguishing medium. The first control valve is installed on the control body and connected to the control cavity. The fire extinguishing medium is stored in the fire extinguishing medium supply component and connected to the control cavity via a pipeline. When the expansion force of the battery cell is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component injects a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the control cavity to limit the expansion deformation of the battery cell. When the rate of change of the expansion force of the battery cell is greater than or equal to the upper limit expansion force rate threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component injects a second preset amount or continuously injects fire extinguishing medium into the control cavity. The first control valve sprays the fire extinguishing medium in the control cavity toward the vicinity of the battery cell. Therefore, the control device provided in this application can not only provide restraint force for the expansion of the battery cell to ensure the performance of the battery cell, but also cool down or extinguish the battery cell when thermal runaway occurs, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack and improving the temperature uniformity of the pack. Attached Figure Description

[0051] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0052] Figure 1 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the control device provided in the embodiments of this application;

[0053] Figure 2 This is a partial structural schematic diagram of the battery pack provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0054] Figure 3 A flowchart of a battery pack thermal runaway control method provided in an embodiment of this application;

[0055] Figure 4 for Figure 3 A flowchart for evaluating cell expansion performance;

[0056] Figure 5 for Figure 3 A flowchart illustrating the process of handling battery cells based on their expansion behavior;

[0057] Figure 6 for Figure 4 A flowchart for setting the threshold for the rate of change of expansion force;

[0058] Figure 7 Another flowchart of the battery pack thermal runaway control method provided in the embodiments of this application

[0059] Figure 8 for Figure 7 A flowchart for evaluating the thermal performance of a battery pack.

[0060] Figure 9 for Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating how to process a battery pack based on its heat generation characteristics;

[0061] Figure 10 for Figure 8 The flowchart for setting the temperature threshold.

[0062] Figure label:

[0063] 10: Battery cell; 20: Housing assembly; 30: Refrigeration component; 40: Cold plate; 50: Terminal post; 60: Explosion-proof valve;

[0064] 100: Control component; 110: Control body; 111: Control cavity; 112: Heat-conducting layer; 120: First control valve;

[0065] 200: Extinguishing medium supply assembly; 210: Storage container; 220: Second control valve;

[0066] 300: Inspection item. Detailed Implementation

[0067] Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. When the following description relates to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings denote the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with this application. Rather, they are merely examples of methods and apparatus consistent with some aspects of this application as detailed in the appended claims.

[0068] The terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” etc. (if present) in the specification, claims, and accompanying drawings of this application are used to distinguish similar objects and are not necessarily used to describe a particular order or sequence. It should be understood that such data can be interchanged where appropriate so that embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented, for example, in orders other than those illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “comprising” and “having,” and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or apparatus that comprises a series of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units explicitly listed, but may include other steps or units not explicitly listed or inherent to such processes, methods, products, or apparatus.

[0069] As mentioned in the background section, related technologies utilize fire alarm systems installed between battery cells to prevent cell combustion during severe thermal imbalances in the battery pack. However, if battery cells are in a state of free expansion during use, it severely affects their cycle performance, power performance, and lifespan. Furthermore, instead of targeted intervention after thermal runaway occurs, directly extinguishing the fire results in the disposal of even healthy cells, increasing subsequent maintenance costs.

[0070] To address the aforementioned problems in the prior art, this application provides a control device, a battery pack, and a method for controlling thermal runaway in a battery pack. The control device provided in this application includes a control component and a fire extinguishing medium supply component. The control component includes a control body and a first control valve. The control body is positioned to contact at least one battery cell within the battery pack, and a control cavity is provided within the control body for storing the fire extinguishing medium. The first control valve is mounted on the control body and connected to the control cavity. The fire extinguishing medium is stored in the fire extinguishing medium supply component, which is connected to the control cavity via a pipeline. When the expansion force of the battery cell is less than a lower limit expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component... The device injects a first preset amount of extinguishing medium into the control chamber to limit the expansion and deformation of the battery cell. When the rate of change of the expansion force of the battery cell is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold of the rate of change of the expansion force, the extinguishing medium supply component injects a second preset amount or continuously injects extinguishing medium into the control chamber. The first control valve sprays the extinguishing medium in the control chamber toward the vicinity of the battery cell. That is, it can not only provide restraint force for the expansion of the battery cell and ensure the performance of the battery cell, but also cool down or extinguish the battery cell in the event of thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack and improving the temperature uniformity of the pack.

[0071] The technical solutions of this application will be described in detail below with specific embodiments. The following specific embodiments can be combined with each other, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described again in some embodiments.

[0072] Firstly, please refer to Figures 1-2 As shown in the figure, this application provides a control device, including a control component 100 and a fire extinguishing medium supply component 200.

[0073] The control assembly 100 includes a control body 110 and a first control valve 120 disposed on the control body 110. The control body 110 is used to contact at least one battery cell 10 in the battery pack. The control body 110 has a control cavity 111 for storing fire extinguishing medium. The first control valve 120 is connected to the control cavity 111.

[0074] The fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 contains fire extinguishing medium and is connected to the control chamber 111 via pipeline.

[0075] The fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 is configured to inject a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the control cavity 111 when the expansion force of the battery cell 10 is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, so that the control body 110 restricts the expansion deformation of the battery cell 10.

[0076] When the rate of change of expansion force of the battery cell 10 is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold of the rate of change of expansion force, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 is further configured to inject a second preset amount or continuously inject fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber 111, and the first control valve 120 is configured to spray the fire extinguishing medium in the control chamber 111 toward the vicinity of the battery cell 10.

[0077] In this embodiment, the battery cell 10 is made by winding or stacking positive and negative electrode sheets and a separator, and its shape is roughly rectangular, such as a blade battery cell.

[0078] In this embodiment, the control body 110 is a container for storing the extinguishing medium. The container can be a sheet-like or plate-like shell structure. The extinguishing medium can be a fluid such as a gas, liquid, or gas-liquid mixture, such as a gas-liquid mixture of CO2 and CCl4. The control body 110 can be made of a fire-resistant, high-temperature-resistant material with high mechanical strength and low elastic modulus. It has a control cavity 111 inside. The control body 110 has an inlet and an outlet. The inlet can be connected to the extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 through a pipeline. The first control valve 120 is inserted at the outlet and has a preset pressure, i.e., an opening pressure, which can also be electrically controlled.

[0079] The extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 is used to supply extinguishing medium to the control chamber 111. It can be connected to the control chamber 111 through a pipeline. The extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 can be composed of a storage container, valves and control components.

[0080] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the control body 110 is in contact with the large surface of the battery cell 10 of the battery pack. When the expansion force of the battery cell 10 is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 injects a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber 111. This allows the control body 110 to limit the expansion deformation of the battery cell 10, forming a restraining force on the battery cell 10 and preventing it from being in a free expansion state, thus ensuring the power performance and cycle performance of the battery cell 10. When the rate of change of the expansion force of the battery cell 10 is greater than or equal to the upper limit expansion force rate threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 injects a second preset amount or continuously injects fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber 111. The first control valve 120 sprays the fire extinguishing medium in the control chamber 111 towards the vicinity of the battery cell 10 to cool or extinguish the fire, thereby quickly controlling the battery cell 10 that has experienced thermal runaway and ensuring the safety of the battery pack.

[0081] It should be noted that the control device can be placed as needed. It can be placed between two adjacent cells 10 or every few cells 10. Whether or not to place it in other locations (such as between cell 10 and housing assembly 20, between cell 10 and cold plate 40, etc.) can be determined according to the actual situation.

[0082] It is understandable that, compared to devices that simply regulate the expansion force of the battery cell 10 or cool or extinguish the fire of the battery cell 10, the application of the regulation device in this application embodiment can not only provide restraint force for the expansion of the battery cell 10 to ensure the performance of the battery cell 10, but also cool or extinguish the battery cell 10 when it experiences thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack and improving the temperature uniformity of the pack, thus achieving the purpose of comprehensive thermal management and targeted regulation of the battery cell 10.

[0083] It should be noted that if the first control valve 120 is a valve with an opening pressure, the opening pressure of the first control valve 120 should be greater than the maximum pressure in the control chamber 111, that is, the pressure in the control chamber 111 when the control body 110 exerts the maximum restraining force on the battery cell 10. If the first control valve 120 is an electrically controlled valve, then the opening pressure does not need to be considered, and the valve can be opened or closed by electrical control.

[0084] In one possible design, the system also includes a detection element 300 and a controller, which are electrically connected to the detection element 300, the first control valve 120, and the extinguishing medium supply assembly 200.

[0085] The detection element 300 is used to contact the battery cell 10 to detect the expansion force of the battery cell 10, and the controller is used to calculate the rate of change of the expansion force based on the expansion force and the detection time.

[0086] The controller is configured to, when the expansion force is less than the lower expansion force threshold, control the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 to inject a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium. When the rate of change of the expansion force is greater than or equal to the upper expansion force rate of change threshold, control the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 to inject a second preset amount or continuously inject fire extinguishing medium, and control the first control valve 120 to open.

[0087] Specifically, the detection element 300 can be a strain gauge, which can be set between the control body 110 and the battery cell 10 to detect the expansion force of the battery cell 10. The controller can calculate the rate of change of the expansion force based on the expansion force and the detection time. The rate of change of the expansion force characterizes how fast the expansion force changes, that is, whether the battery cell 10 has thermal runaway.

[0088] However, when the expansion force is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, the controller controls the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 to inject a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium, while when the rate of change of the expansion force is greater than or equal to the upper limit expansion force rate threshold, the controller controls the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 to inject a second preset amount or continuously inject fire extinguishing medium.

[0089] It should be noted that the specific values ​​of the lower limit expansion force threshold and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold can be determined according to actual needs, and are not specifically limited in this embodiment. Furthermore, the specific type and quantity of the detection element 300 and the controller can be determined according to actual needs, and are not specifically limited in this embodiment either.

[0090] Furthermore, in this embodiment, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 includes a storage container 210 and a second control valve 220. The storage container 210 is connected to the control chamber 111 via a pipeline, and the second control valve 220 is located on the pipeline between the storage container 210 and the control chamber 111.

[0091] The controller is electrically connected to the second control valve 220 and is used to control the second control valve 220 to open or close.

[0092] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the storage container 210 can be a storage tank, and the second control valve 220 is connected to the pipeline between the storage container 210 and the control chamber 111. It can be an electronic control valve with insulation protection, such as a solenoid valve or an electronic expansion valve.

[0093] When it is necessary to inject extinguishing medium into the control chamber 111, the controller controls the second control valve 220 to open; when it is not necessary to inject extinguishing medium, the controller controls the second control valve 220 to close, which facilitates control.

[0094] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a heat-conducting layer 112 is provided on the outer wall of the control body 110, and the heat-conducting layer 112 is used to contact the battery cell 10.

[0095] Specifically, such as Figure 1 As shown, the thermally conductive layer 112 is used to conduct heat in contact with the battery cell 10. It can be an insulating coating that is thermally conductive, high-temperature resistant, and high-voltage resistant, such as α-Al2O3, hBN hexagonal boron nitride, or TL-2301, to ensure the temperature uniformity inside the battery pack.

[0096] Secondly, such as Figure 2 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a battery pack, including a housing assembly 20, at least one battery cell 10, and a control device provided in any of the above embodiments. The battery cell 10 is disposed in the housing assembly 20, and the control body 110 in the control device is in contact with at least one battery cell 10.

[0097] The structure of the control device has been described in detail in the above embodiments, and will not be repeated here.

[0098] For example, the control body 110 can be set between two adjacent battery cells 10, or a control body 110 can be set every few battery cells 10, or it can be set between the housing assembly 20 and the battery cell 10, between the cold plate 40 and the battery cell 10, etc., depending on actual needs.

[0099] It is understood that the battery pack provided in this application embodiment, by configuring a control device, can not only provide restraint for the expansion of the battery cell 10 to ensure the performance of the battery cell 10, but also cool down or extinguish the battery cell 10 in the event of thermal runaway, thereby improving the safety of the battery pack and achieving the purpose of comprehensive thermal management and targeted control of the battery cell 10.

[0100] Furthermore, in this embodiment, a cooling element 30 and a cold plate 40 are also included. The cooling element 30 is used to contact a preset area on the surface of the battery cell 10 and close to the electrode post 50 to locally cool the preset area.

[0101] The cold plate 40 is used to contact the side of the battery cell 10 to cool the battery cell 10 as a whole.

[0102] Specifically, such as Figure 2 As shown, the cooling element 30 is used to locally cool areas on the surface of the battery cell 10 that are prone to high temperatures, such as the area between the pole post 50 and the explosion-proof valve 60. The cooling element 30 can be a cooling plate, which can be attached to a portion of the surface between the pole post 50 and the explosion-proof valve 60 to locally cool and reduce the temperature of a single battery cell 10 when necessary.

[0103] Furthermore, the cold plate 40 is used to uniformly cool multiple battery cells 10, and it has flow channels inside to conduct heat. After multiple battery cells 10 are arranged side by side, one side of each battery cell 10 can be in contact with the cold plate 40 to cool and lower the temperature of all battery cells 10 as a whole when necessary.

[0104] In addition, temperature sensors, such as temperature detectors, can be installed inside the battery pack to detect its temperature and allow for timely temperature regulation.

[0105] Thirdly, such as Figure 3 As shown, this application embodiment also provides a battery pack thermal runaway control method for the battery pack provided in any of the above embodiments, comprising:

[0106] S100. Obtain the expansion force F of the battery cell 10, and calculate the rate of change of the expansion force F dF / dt over a preset time t.

[0107] Specifically, the expansion force F of the battery cell 10 can be measured by strain gauges or sensors, and the rate of change of the expansion force dF / dt can be calculated, which facilitates the evaluation of the expansion state of the battery cell 10.

[0108] S200. The expansion force change rate dF / dt is compared with the expansion force change rate threshold to evaluate the expansion performance of the cell 10. The expansion force change rate threshold includes the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold, and the expansion performance includes normal expansion and abnormal expansion.

[0109] Specifically, multiple threshold values ​​for the rate of change of expansion force can be set. By comparing the rate of change of expansion force dF / dt with the threshold value, the state of expansion performance of cell 10 can be evaluated, such as normal expansion or abnormal expansion.

[0110] S300: When the battery cell 10 is in normal expansion, the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 injects fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber 111 or continuously monitors the battery cell 10. When the battery cell 10 is in abnormal expansion, emergency treatment is performed on the battery cell 10.

[0111] Specifically, if the expansion is normal, the battery cell 10 is continuously monitored or the control chamber 111 is replenished with the amount of extinguishing medium required to match the normal aging level of the battery cell 10. If the expansion is abnormal, the battery cell 10 is given emergency treatment, such as cooling or extinguishing.

[0112] In this way, individual cells 10 can be accurately controlled, avoiding or reducing damage to normal cells 10, and the targeted control is stronger.

[0113] The threshold for the rate of change of expansion force can be determined based on the normal aging and thermal runaway tests of the cell 10, and is not specifically limited in this embodiment.

[0114] Furthermore, such as Figure 4 As shown, in this embodiment, the expansion force change rate dF / dt is compared with the expansion force change rate threshold to evaluate the expansion performance of the battery cell 10. The expansion force change rate threshold includes an upper limit expansion force change rate threshold, and the expansion performance includes normal expansion and abnormal expansion.

[0115] S210. Set the expansion force change rate threshold to at least the lower limit expansion force change rate threshold, the second expansion force change rate threshold, and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold. Set abnormal expansion to at least the first level of abnormal expansion, the second level of abnormal expansion, and the third level of abnormal expansion. Then compare the expansion force change rate dF / dt of the battery cell 10 with each expansion force change rate threshold.

[0116] Specifically, the expansion states corresponding to the lower limit expansion force change rate threshold, the second expansion force change rate threshold, and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold are progressively stronger. In other words, the expansion state of the battery cell 10 is divided into at least four levels: normal expansion, abnormal expansion level one, abnormal expansion level two, and abnormal expansion level three.

[0117] S220. When the rate of change of expansion force dF / dt is less than the lower limit threshold of the rate of change of expansion force, the expansion of cell 10 is determined to be normal expansion.

[0118] That is, to characterize each cell 10 as being in a normal state, continuous monitoring is maintained, and the restraining force of the cell 10 expansion is adjusted.

[0119] S230. When the rate of change of expansion force dF / dt is greater than or equal to the lower limit threshold of the rate of change of expansion force and less than the second threshold of the rate of change of expansion force, the expansion of cell 10 is determined to be abnormal expansion level one.

[0120] In other words, it indicates that the temperature of the battery cell 10 is abnormal, but it is minor and easy to control. The abnormal battery cell 10 can be cooled down.

[0121] S240. When the rate of change of expansion force dF / dt is greater than or equal to the second rate of change of expansion force threshold and less than the upper rate of change of expansion force threshold, the expansion of cell 10 is determined to be abnormal expansion level II.

[0122] In other words, if the temperature of the battery cell 10 is abnormal, it may enter an uncontrolled state. At this time, it is necessary to strengthen the control of the abnormal battery cell 10, such as cooling and power-off.

[0123] S250. When the rate of change of expansion force dF / dt is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold of the rate of change of expansion force, the expansion of cell 10 is determined to be abnormal expansion level three.

[0124] In other words, this indicates that the battery cell 10 is out of control. At this time, it is necessary to further strengthen emergency treatment such as cooling, power-off, and fire extinguishing for the abnormal battery cell 10.

[0125] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, in this embodiment, continuous monitoring or emergency handling of the battery cell 10 based on its expansion performance includes:

[0126] S310. When the battery cell 10 is in a normal expansion state, if the expansion force F of the battery cell 10 is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 injects a first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber 111. If the expansion force F of the battery cell 10 is greater than or equal to the lower limit expansion force threshold, the expansion force F of the battery cell 10 is continuously monitored.

[0127] At this time, the battery cell 10 is in a normal expansion state. In order to ensure the performance and life of the battery cell 10, it is necessary to adjust the restraining force on the battery cell 10. That is, when the restraining force of the regulating body 110 on the battery cell 10 is insufficient, fire extinguishing medium needs to be added to the regulating cavity 111 to make the battery cell 10 in a suitable expansion environment and prevent it from expanding freely.

[0128] Specifically, the optimal restraint force requirement can be calculated based on the cell's SOH state (i.e., battery state of charge) calculated by the battery pack BMS module. Then, based on the relationship between the cell's area and restraint force, the required expansion gap L of the cell can be obtained, and the specific liquid volume V of the first preset amount can be calculated to ensure that the restraint force on the cell 10 is at an appropriate value. For example, the normal expansion force change rate can be determined based on the test results of the cell's expansion force change rate during cycle + static aging. The relationship between the normal expansion force change rate, restraint force, and expansion gap is also determined by the performance of the cell 10 and the pack design, and can be determined according to actual needs.

[0129] S320. When the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal expansion state, a first expansion alarm signal is issued, the cooling component 30 starts cooling, and when the temperature of the battery cell 10 is lower than the fourth preset temperature, the cooling component 30 stops cooling.

[0130] At this point, heat insulation should be applied to the current cell 10, and the cooling component 30 should cool the locally high-temperature areas of the cell 10 to restore it to normal operation. The fourth preset temperature can be determined according to actual needs, but it must be greater than or equal to the critical temperature at which the cold plate 40 exits cooling. Additionally, fault information of the battery pack can be recorded.

[0131] S330. When the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal expansion state, a second expansion alarm signal is issued, the circuit connection of the battery cell 10 is cut off, the cooling component 30 turns on the cooling, and when the temperature of the battery cell 10 is lower than the fourth preset temperature, the cooling component 30 turns off the cooling.

[0132] At this point, it is necessary to enhance the heat resistance of the current battery cell 10. This can be achieved by immediately cutting off the circuit containing the current battery cell 10 using smart fuses or other means, ensuring no current flows through the cell. The cooling component 30 then intensifies the cooling of the locally high-temperature areas of the battery cell 10, aiming to restore it to a stable state. When the temperature of the battery cell 10 falls below the fourth preset temperature, the cooling component 30 shuts off. Additionally, fault information from the battery pack can be recorded to remind users of maintenance procedures.

[0133] S340. When the battery cell 10 is in an abnormal expansion level three state, a third expansion alarm signal is issued, the circuit connection of the battery cell 10 is cut off, the cooling component 30 starts cooling, the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 starts injecting fire extinguishing medium, the first control valve 120 sprays fire extinguishing medium, and when the temperature of the battery cell 10 is lower than the fifth preset temperature, the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 stops injecting and the first control valve 120 closes. The fifth preset temperature is greater than the fourth preset temperature.

[0134] At this time, it should be necessary to put out the fire for the current battery cell 10. The circuit where the current battery cell 10 is located can be immediately cut off through an intelligent fuse, a fuse, etc., so that no current passes through the battery cell 10. The refrigerating component 30 strengthens the cooling of the locally high-temperature area of the battery cell 10, and the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 starts to inject the fire extinguishing medium, which is ejected through the first control valve 120 to extinguish the fire, and tries to restore the current battery cell 10 to a stable state as much as possible. When the temperature of the battery cell 10 is less than the fifth preset temperature, the first control valve 120 is closed, where the fifth preset temperature needs to be greater than the fourth preset temperature. In addition, the fault information of the battery pack can be recorded to remind the driver and passengers to pull over and evacuate urgently, etc.

[0135] Furthermore, as Figure 6 shown, in this embodiment, the expansion force change rate threshold is at least set as the lower limit expansion force change rate threshold, the second expansion force change rate threshold and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold, including:

[0136] S211. Determine the reference expansion force change rate a0 of the battery cell 10.<0,

[0137] Specifically, based on the expansion force performance of the battery cell 10 during normal aging, thermal runaway and thermal diffusion, the reference expansion force change rate a0 of normal aging can be defined.

[0138] S212. Set at least three expansion force change rate variables required under different expansion performances.

[0139] Specifically, the three expansion force change rate variables required under different expansion performances are respectively set as 2x, 5x, 8x, where 2N / s, 5N / s, 8N / s respectively correspond to the magnitudes of the expansion force change rate variables of abnormal expansion level 1, abnormal expansion level 2, and abnormal expansion level 3, and x is a coefficient.

[0140] S213. Take the sum of the reference expansion force change rate and each expansion force change rate variable as the lower limit expansion force change rate threshold, the second expansion force change rate threshold and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold respectively.

[0141] Specifically, the lower limit expansion force change rate threshold is a0 + 2x, the second expansion force change rate threshold is a0 + 5x, and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold is a0 + 8x.

[0142] That is, when dF / dt < a0 + 2x, the battery cell 10 is in normal expansion. When dF / dt ≥ a0 + 2x and dF / dt < a0 + 5x, the battery cell 10 is in abnormal expansion level 1. When dF / dt ≥ a0 + 5x and dF / dt < a0 + 8x, the battery cell 10 is in abnormal expansion level 2. When dF / dt ≥ a0 + 8x, the battery cell 10 is in abnormal expansion level 3.

[0143] It should be noted that the fifth preset temperature at which the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 stops injecting the fire extinguishing medium, and the fourth preset temperature at which the refrigerating component 30 turns off refrigeration can be determined according to actual needs. For example, the fifth preset temperature can be 60 °C, and the fourth preset temperature can be 40 °C. In this regard, no excessive restrictions are imposed in this embodiment.

[0144] Of course, the specific magnitudes of the lower limit expansion force change rate threshold, the second expansion force change rate threshold, and the upper limit expansion force change rate threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs. Additionally, in order to ensure avoiding misjudgment, the duration of the expansion force change rate can also be set. For example, when dF / dt < a0 + 2x and the duration is t1 = 3s, the battery cell 10 is determined to be in the first level of abnormal expansion, and so on. For the specific magnitude of the duration, it can be adjusted according to actual needs, and no excessive restrictions are imposed in this embodiment.

[0145] In some embodiments, as <000035​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​This allows for the regulation of the entire battery pack. The temperature threshold can be determined based on a comprehensive assessment of the battery pack's power, lifespan, thermal safety, and cooling energy consumption; however, this embodiment does not impose specific limitations on it.

[0153] Furthermore, such as Figure 8 As shown, in this embodiment, the temperature T of the battery pack is... max The evaluation of the battery pack's thermal performance includes comparing it to a temperature threshold, including:

[0154] S510, Set the temperature threshold to at least the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, and the third temperature threshold; set the normal temperature to at least normal low temperature and normal high temperature; set the abnormal high temperature to at least high temperature level one and high temperature level two; and then set the battery pack temperature T... max Compare with each temperature threshold separately.

[0155] In other words, the heating states corresponding to the first, second, and third temperature thresholds gradually become more intense. The heating state of the battery pack is divided into four levels: normal low temperature, normal high temperature, high temperature level one, and high temperature level two.

[0156] S520, when the battery pack temperature T max When the temperature is below the first temperature threshold, the battery pack's heating behavior is considered to be at a normal low temperature.

[0157] In other words, this indicates that the battery pack is in a normal low-temperature state, and continuous monitoring is sufficient.

[0158] S530, when the battery pack temperature T max When the temperature is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, the battery pack's heating behavior is determined to be normal high temperature.

[0159] In other words, the temperature of the battery pack is high, but normal and easy to control; cooling the battery pack is sufficient to lower its temperature.

[0160] S540, when the battery pack temperature T max When the temperature is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold and less than the third temperature threshold, the battery pack's heating behavior is determined to be at the high temperature level 1.

[0161] That is, the temperature T that characterizes the battery pack. max An anomaly has occurred, and the battery pack may enter an uncontrollable state. In this case, it is necessary to strengthen the control, such as cooling the battery pack.

[0162] S550, when the battery pack temperature T max When the temperature is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, the battery pack's heating behavior is determined to be high temperature level 2.

[0163] In other words, this indicates that the battery pack is out of control, and further emergency measures such as cooling and fire extinguishing are needed.

[0164] Furthermore, such as Figure 9 As shown, in this embodiment, when the battery pack is at normal temperature, the battery pack is cooled or continuously monitored; when the battery pack is at abnormally high temperature, emergency treatment of the battery pack includes:

[0165] S610, when the battery pack temperature T max Under normal low-temperature conditions, the battery pack temperature T is continuously monitored. max .

[0166] At this point, the battery pack is in a normal low temperature state, and there is no need for the cold plate 40 to cool the battery pack; continuous monitoring is sufficient.

[0167] S620, when the battery pack temperature T max Under normal high-temperature conditions, the cold plate 40 begins to cool down, and the battery pack temperature T... max When the temperature drops to the sixth preset temperature, the cold plate 40 stops cooling.

[0168] At this point, the cooling plate 40 should be used to cool the cells 10 inside the battery pack, so that the temperature T of the battery pack is maintained. max Return to normal. The sixth preset temperature can be set according to actual needs.

[0169] S630, when the battery pack temperature T max When the battery pack is in a high-temperature state, the first temperature alarm signal is issued, the cold plate 40 begins to cool, and the cooling component 30 activates its cooling function. max When the temperature is below the seventh preset temperature, the cooling component 30 shuts off cooling. The seventh preset temperature is greater than the sixth preset temperature.

[0170] At this point, heat insulation of the battery pack is required. The cold plate 40 begins to cool the cells 10 inside the battery pack, and the cooling component 30 also cools the localized high-temperature areas of each cell 10, restoring each cell 10 to its normal state. The seventh preset temperature can be determined according to actual needs, but it must be greater than or equal to the sixth preset temperature. Additionally, a first temperature alarm signal can be issued.

[0171] S640, when the battery pack temperature T max Under high-temperature level 2 conditions, a second temperature alarm signal is issued. The cold plate 40 begins cooling, the cooling component 30 activates cooling, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly 200 begins injecting fire extinguishing medium, and the first control valve 120 sprays out the fire extinguishing medium. At the battery pack temperature T... maxWhen the temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature, the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 stops injecting, and the first control valve 120 closes, where the eighth preset temperature is greater than the seventh preset temperature.

[0172] At this time, it should be necessary to fight the fire for the battery pack. The cold plate 40 starts to cool the battery cells 10 in the battery pack, and the refrigerating component 30 strengthens the temperature reduction of the local high-temperature areas of each battery cell 10. The fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 starts to inject the fire extinguishing medium, which is ejected through the first control valve 120 for fire extinguishing, and tries to restore each battery cell 10 to a stable state. When the temperature T of the battery cell 10 max When the temperature is lower than the eighth preset temperature, the first control valve 120 closes, where the eighth preset temperature needs to be greater than the seventh preset temperature. In addition, a second temperature alarm signal can also be issued to remind the driver and passengers to get off the vehicle and stay away from the vehicle, etc.

[0173] Furthermore, as Figure 10 shown, in this embodiment, setting the temperature threshold to at least the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, and the third temperature threshold includes:

[0174] S511. Determine the reference temperature T0 at which the battery pack does not need to be cooled.

[0175] Specifically, based on the comprehensive performance of the battery cell 10 such as life, power, cooling energy consumption, and package design, an ideal cooling exit temperature T0 is set. For example, T0 = 35°C.

[0176] S512. Set at least three temperature variables required under different heat generation performances.

[0177] Specifically, the magnitudes of the three temperature variables required under different heat generation performances are respectively set to y, 3y, and 10y. For example, y = 5°C.

[0178] S513. Take the sum of the reference temperature and each temperature variable as the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, and the third temperature threshold respectively.

[0179] Specifically, the first temperature threshold is T0 + y, the second temperature threshold is T0 + y, and the third temperature threshold is T0 + 10y

[0180] That is, when T max < T0 + y, the battery pack is at normal low temperature. When T max ≥ T0 + y and T max < T0 + 时, the battery pack is at normal high temperature. When T max ≥ T0 + 3y and T max < T0 + 10y, the battery pack is at high temperature level one. When T max ≥ T0 + 10y, the battery pack is at high temperature level two.

[0181] For example, the first temperature threshold is 35°C and the duration is 3 s. The second temperature threshold is 50°C and the duration is 3 s. The third temperature threshold is 85°C and the duration is 3 s.

[0182] It should be noted that the eighth preset temperature at which the fire extinguishing medium supply component 200 stops injecting the fire extinguishing medium can be set as T0 + 5y, for example, 60°C. The seventh preset temperature at which the refrigeration component 30 turns off refrigeration can be set as T0 + y, for example, 40°C.

[0183] Of course, the temperature values in the first temperature threshold, the second temperature threshold, and the third temperature threshold can be adjusted according to actual needs. Additionally, to avoid misjudgment, the duration of the temperature can be set. For example, when T max < T0 + y and the duration is t2 = 3 s, the battery pack is determined to be in normal low temperature, and so on. For the specific magnitude of the duration, it can be adjusted according to actual needs and is not overly limited in this embodiment.

[0184] Those skilled in the art will readily conceive of other embodiments of this application after considering the specification and practicing the application disclosed herein. This application aims to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of this application that follow the general principles of this application and include the common general knowledge or conventional technical means in this technical field not disclosed in this application. The specification and examples are only to be considered as exemplary, and the true scope and spirit of this application are pointed out by the claims.

[0185] It should be understood that this application is not limited to the exact structures described above and shown in the accompanying drawings, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of this application is only limited by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A regulating device, characterized in that include: A control assembly (100) includes a control body (110) and a first control valve (120) disposed on the control body (110). The control body (110) is used to contact at least one battery cell (10) in the battery pack. The control body (110) has a control cavity (111) for storing fire extinguishing medium. The first control valve (120) is connected to the control cavity (111). Fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) contains the fire extinguishing medium, and the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) is connected to the control chamber (111) via pipeline; The fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) is configured to inject a first preset amount of the fire extinguishing medium into the control cavity (111) when the expansion force of the battery cell (10) is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, so that the control body (110) restricts the expansion deformation of the battery cell (10). When the rate of change of the expansion force of the battery cell (10) is greater than or equal to the upper limit threshold of the rate of change of the expansion force, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) is further configured to inject a second preset amount or continuously inject the fire extinguishing medium into the control chamber (111), and the first control valve (120) is configured to spray the fire extinguishing medium in the control chamber (111) toward the vicinity of the battery cell (10).

2. The conditioning device of claim 1, wherein, It also includes a detection element (300) and a controller, the controller being electrically connected to the detection element (300), the first control valve (120) and the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200); The detection element (300) is used to contact the battery cell (10) to detect the expansion force of the battery cell (10), and the controller is used to calculate the rate of change of the expansion force based on the expansion force and the detection time. The controller is configured to control the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) to inject the first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium when the expansion force is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold. When the rate of change of the expansion force is greater than or equal to the upper limit rate of change of the expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply component (200) is controlled to inject the second preset amount or continuously inject the fire extinguishing medium, and the first control valve (120) is controlled to open.

3. The conditioning device of claim 2, wherein, The fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) includes a storage container (210) and a second control valve (220). The storage container (210) is connected to the control chamber (111) via a pipeline, and the second control valve (220) is located on the pipeline between the storage container (210) and the control chamber (111). The controller is electrically connected to the second control valve (220) and is used to control the second control valve (220) to open or close.

4. The conditioning device of any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein, A heat-conducting layer (112) is provided on the outer wall of the control body (110), and the heat-conducting layer (112) is used to contact the battery cell (10).

5. A battery pack, characterized by, The battery pack comprises a shell assembly (20), at least one battery cell (10) and the regulating device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4, the battery cell (10) is arranged in the shell assembly (20), and the regulating body (110) in the regulating device is in contact with at least one battery cell (10).

6. The battery pack of claim 5, wherein, Further comprising a refrigerating member (30) and a cold plate (40), the refrigerating member (30) is used to contact a preset area on the surface of the battery cell (10) and close to the pole column (50) to locally cool the preset area; The cold plate (40) is used to contact the side surface of the battery cell (10) to overall cool the battery cell (10). 7.A battery pack thermal runaway regulation method, characterized in that, The battery pack as claimed in claim 6 comprises: Obtaining the swelling force of the battery cell (10), calculating the swelling force change rate of the swelling force in a preset time length; Comparing the swelling force change rate with a swelling force change rate threshold to evaluate the swelling performance of the battery cell (10), wherein the swelling force change rate threshold comprises the upper limit swelling force change rate threshold, and the swelling performance comprises normal swelling and abnormal swelling; When the battery cell (10) is in the normal swelling, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) injects the fire extinguishing medium into the regulating cavity (111) or continuously monitors the battery cell (10), and when the battery cell (10) is in the abnormal swelling, the battery cell (10) is treated in an emergency.

8. The battery pack thermal runaway regulation method of claim 7, wherein, The comparison of the swelling force change rate with the swelling force change rate threshold to evaluate the swelling performance of the battery cell (10), wherein the swelling force change rate threshold comprises the upper limit swelling force change rate threshold, and the swelling performance comprises normal swelling and abnormal swelling comprises: The swelling force change rate threshold is set as at least a lower limit swelling force change rate threshold, a second swelling force change rate threshold and the upper limit swelling force change rate threshold, the abnormal swelling is set as at least abnormal swelling level one, abnormal swelling level two and abnormal swelling level three, and the swelling force change rate of the battery cell (10) is compared with each of the swelling force change rate thresholds respectively; When the swelling force change rate is less than the lower limit swelling force change rate threshold, it is determined that the swelling performance of the battery cell (10) is the normal swelling; When the swelling force change rate is greater than or equal to the lower limit swelling force change rate threshold and less than the second swelling force change rate threshold, it is determined that the swelling performance of the battery cell (10) is the abnormal swelling level one; When the swelling force change rate is greater than or equal to the second swelling force change rate threshold and less than the upper limit swelling force change rate threshold, it is determined that the swelling performance of the battery cell (10) is the abnormal swelling level two; When the swelling force change rate is greater than or equal to the upper limit swelling force change rate threshold, it is determined that the swelling performance of the battery cell (10) is the abnormal swelling level three.

9. The battery pack thermal runaway regulation method of claim 8, wherein, The fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) injects the fire extinguishing medium into the regulation cavity (111) or continuously monitors the battery cell (10) when the battery cell (10) is in the normal expansion, and the emergency treatment of the battery cell (10) when the battery cell (10) is in the abnormal expansion includes: When the battery cell (10) is in the normal expansion state, if the expansion force of the battery cell (10) is less than the lower limit expansion force threshold, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) injects the first preset amount of fire extinguishing medium into the regulation cavity (111); if the expansion force of the battery cell (10) is greater than or equal to the lower limit expansion force threshold, the expansion force of the battery cell (10) is continuously monitored; When the battery cell (10) is in the abnormal expansion first-level state, a first expansion alarm signal is sent out, the refrigeration component (30) is turned on to refrigerate, and when the temperature of the battery cell (10) is less than a fourth preset temperature, the refrigeration component (30) is turned off to stop refrigeration; When the battery cell (10) is in the abnormal expansion second-level state, a second expansion alarm signal is sent out, the circuit connection of the battery cell (10) is cut off, the refrigeration component (30) is turned on to refrigerate, and when the temperature of the battery cell (10) is less than the fourth preset temperature, the refrigeration component (30) is turned off to stop refrigeration; When the battery cell (10) is in the abnormal expansion third-level state, a third expansion alarm signal is sent out, the circuit connection of the battery cell (10) is cut off, the refrigeration component (30) is turned on to refrigerate, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) starts to inject the fire extinguishing medium, and the first control valve (120) sprays the fire extinguishing medium; when the temperature of the battery cell (10) is less than a fifth preset temperature, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) stops injecting, and the first control valve (120) is closed, wherein the fifth preset temperature is greater than the fourth preset temperature.

10. The battery pack thermal runaway regulation method of claim 7, wherein, Further comprising: Obtaining the temperature of the battery pack; Comparing the temperature of the battery pack with a temperature threshold to evaluate the heat generation performance of the battery pack, wherein the heat generation performance includes normal temperature and abnormally high temperature; Cooling the battery pack or continuously monitoring the battery pack when the battery pack is in the normal temperature, and performing emergency treatment on the battery pack when the battery pack is in the abnormally high temperature.

11. The battery pack thermal runaway regulation method of claim 10, wherein, The comparison of the temperature of the battery pack with a temperature threshold to evaluate the heat generation performance of the battery pack, wherein the heat generation performance includes normal temperature and abnormally high temperature, includes: The temperature threshold is set to at least a first temperature threshold, a second temperature threshold, and a third temperature threshold, the normal temperature is set to at least a normal low temperature and a normal high temperature, the abnormally high temperature is set to at least a high temperature first level and a high temperature second level, and the temperature of the battery pack is compared with each of the temperature thresholds; When the temperature of the battery pack is less than the first temperature threshold, it is determined that the heat generation performance of the battery pack is the normal low temperature. when the temperature of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the first temperature threshold and less than the second temperature threshold, determining that the heat generation of the battery pack is in the normal high temperature state; when the temperature of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the second temperature threshold and less than the third temperature threshold, determining that the heat generation of the battery pack is in the high temperature first level state; when the temperature of the battery pack is greater than or equal to the third temperature threshold, determining that the heat generation of the battery pack is in the high temperature second level state.

12. The battery pack thermal runaway regulation method of claim 11, wherein, the cooling or the continuous monitoring of the battery pack when the battery pack is in the normal temperature state, and the emergency treatment of the battery pack when the battery pack is in the abnormal high temperature state include: when the temperature of the battery pack is in the normal low temperature state, continuously monitoring the temperature of the battery pack; when the temperature of the battery pack is in the normal high temperature state, the cold plate (40) starts cooling, and stops cooling when the temperature of the battery pack decreases to a sixth preset temperature; when the temperature of the battery pack is in the high temperature first level state, a first temperature alarm signal is sent, the cold plate (40) starts cooling, and the refrigeration device (30) starts refrigeration, and the refrigeration device (30) stops refrigeration when the temperature of the battery pack is less than a seventh preset temperature, wherein the seventh preset temperature is greater than the sixth preset temperature; when the temperature of the battery pack is in the high temperature second level state, a second temperature alarm signal is sent, the cold plate (40) starts cooling, the refrigeration device (30) starts refrigeration, the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) starts injecting the fire extinguishing medium, and the first control valve (120) sprays the fire extinguishing medium, and the fire extinguishing medium supply assembly (200) stops injecting and the first control valve (120) closes when the temperature of the battery pack is less than an eighth preset temperature, wherein the eighth preset temperature is greater than the seventh preset temperature.

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