Low-voltage distribution intelligent gateway design method and intelligent gateway

Abstract

The invention discloses a low-voltage distribution intelligent gateway design method and an intelligent gateway. An intelligent gateway is designed, the intelligent gateway is connected with a circuit breaker and a cloud end through RS-485 communication and a DLT645 protocol, and a standardized service interface is provided; a circuit breaker control protocol is designed, so that the intelligent gateway and the cloud can transmit a control instruction, and remote control and electric energy data monitoring of the circuit breaker are realized; an intelligent gateway protocol bidirectional mapping method is designed, DLT645 protocol data is converted into a circuit breaker control instruction through protocol mapping, and remote monitoring is achieved through an MQTT protocol; and designing a concurrent transaction scheduling model, and after the intelligent gateway controller receives the data frames, managing the transmission sequence of the data frames through a scheduling engine. According to the invention, remote monitoring and control of the circuit breaker are effectively realized, and the circuit breaker has the advantages of stable communication and high data processing efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of intelligent monitoring and control of electric power systems, and specifically relates to a design method for a low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway and an intelligent gateway. Background Art

[0002] Circuit breakers are one of the important switching electrical equipment in low-voltage distribution networks. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, the requirements of distribution systems for circuit breakers are also constantly increasing. In recent years, with the gradual improvement of the level of digital construction of distribution networks, higher and higher requirements have been put forward for the digitization, intelligence, and visualization of equipment in the substation area. Low-voltage distribution intelligent gateways have thus come into being.

[0003] In view of the need for efficient collection and monitoring of massive power data, traditional data collection and transmission methods are inefficient. At the same time, in the power gateway system, the intelligent gateway is connected to the energy storage system through a variety of communication protocols to achieve intelligent regulation and energy management of power loads, so that the energy storage system can be seamlessly connected with renewable energy equipment such as photovoltaic power generation and wind power and the power grid system, and realize real-time monitoring, remote control, data analysis, and fault alarm functions of energy storage equipment, as well as optimal allocation of power resources and load balancing, to provide guarantee for the safe and stable operation of the power system. Summary of the invention

[0004] Purpose of the invention: In order to improve the safety and reliability of on-site circuit breaker equipment collection and control, meet the requirements of efficient real-time communication for circuit breaker equipment data collection and control, and reduce the number of on-site operations, the present invention provides a low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method and an intelligent gateway.

[0005] Technical solution: The present invention discloses a design method for a low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway, comprising:

[0006] The intelligent gateway uses the RS-485 bus to establish a communication link with the circuit breaker and provides a DLT645 protocol communication interface for exchanging data with the circuit breaker. The intelligent gateway communicates with the cloud based on the circuit breaker control protocol and provides a general interface that can be called by upper-level users.

[0007] Design the circuit breaker control protocol between the smart gateway and the cloud, establish a two-way communication link between the cloud and the smart gateway, and based on the circuit breaker control protocol, the smart gateway and the cloud transmit control instructions to the circuit breaker to remotely control the circuit breaker and receive power data to remotely monitor the circuit breaker status;

[0008] A bidirectional mapping method between the DLT645 protocol of the intelligent gateway and the circuit breaker control protocol is designed; the bidirectional mapping method between the DLT645 protocol and the circuit breaker control protocol is specifically as follows: 1) when the intelligent gateway receives the real-time DLT645 protocol data frame of the circuit breaker, the DLT645 protocol data frame is first converted into a command message or data message of the circuit breaker control protocol by the intelligent gateway, and the circuit breaker control protocol message is encapsulated in an MQTT protocol message to realize remote monitoring of the circuit breaker; 2) when the intelligent gateway receives the circuit breaker control protocol frame from the cloud, it is converted into a DLT645 protocol data frame by the intelligent gateway, and forwarded to the corresponding circuit breaker by the intelligent gateway;

[0009] Design a concurrent transaction scheduling model for intelligent gateways. After receiving the data frame, the intelligent gateway controller puts it into the multi-buffer queue waiting for scheduling. After the data frame is scheduled by the scheduling engine, the data frame is inserted into the scheduling queue according to the priority, and the controller sends the data frame in the order of the scheduling queue.

[0010] Furthermore, the circuit breaker control protocol includes a control protocol message and a communication timing specification between the circuit breaker and the intelligent gateway.

[0011] Furthermore, the control protocol message structure includes 8 fields, which are as follows:

[0012] Timestamp fields, including Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, and Second, occupy 48 bits in total;

[0013] The GW ID, MCCB ID, and Link ID fields represent the gateway ID, circuit breaker ID, and link ID, respectively;

[0014] MCCB Address field, 48 bits, indicates the address of the circuit breaker;

[0015] The R / W and M / S fields occupy 2 bits and represent the read / write and master / slave flags respectively;

[0016] Data Type field, occupies 16 bits, indicating the data type;

[0017] Data Length field, indicating the total length of the message;

[0018] Data field, variable length, used to pass service parameters;

[0019] The CS field represents the check bit and occupies 6 bits.

[0020] Furthermore, the circuit breaker and intelligent gateway communication timing specification includes the following steps:

[0021] Step 1: The smart gateway sends a request frame and waits for a response;

[0022] Step 2: The circuit breaker receives the command and replies with an encapsulated data frame to the intelligent gateway;

[0023] Step 3: The intelligent gateway receives and analyzes the circuit breaker request frame and prepares to respond;

[0024] Step 4: The circuit breaker and the smart gateway perform multiple request and response interactions, and each request waits for feedback from the circuit breaker.

[0025] Furthermore, the bidirectional mapping method between the intelligent gateway DLT645 protocol and the circuit breaker control protocol comprises the following steps:

[0026] Step 1: The intelligent gateway receives the real-time data frame from the circuit breaker and parses the data frame according to the DLT645 protocol, including reading the identifier, address field, data field and check field of the data frame;

[0027] Step 2: Decapsulate the received DLT645 protocol data frame, extract the address, data identifier, and data in the data frame, and perform segmented analysis on the DLT645 protocol data field during decapsulation;

[0028] Step 3: Determine the data type according to the data identifier of the data frame, identify whether it is the current variable or control instruction, and further analyze the data content;

[0029] Step 4: According to the predefined data type mapping relationship table, different types of data are mapped one by one, the data identifier of the DLT645 protocol is mapped to the corresponding instruction of the circuit breaker control protocol, and the corresponding priority is assigned;

[0030] Step 5: Encapsulate the mapped data into the message format of the circuit breaker control protocol. During encapsulation, the system allocates fields according to the mapped control protocol format, including adding the circuit breaker ID, gateway ID, link ID, circuit breaker address, read / write, data type in the message, and generates a check bit according to the control protocol format;

[0031] Step 6: When the smart gateway receives the circuit breaker control protocol frame sent by the cloud, it parses the fields in the control protocol frame, including timestamp, gateway ID, circuit breaker ID, link ID, circuit breaker address, read / write flag, data type, data length, data field, and checksum field;

[0032] Step 7: Parse the circuit breaker control protocol frame and determine the DLT645 protocol data identifier to which the control protocol frame needs to be mapped based on the data type field and the predefined mapping relationship table;

[0033] Step 8: Classify the parsed control protocol data according to priority, and process the data fields with high priority first;

[0034] Step 9: According to the frame format of the DLT645 protocol, the classified control protocol data is re-encapsulated into a DLT645 protocol data frame;

[0035] Step 10: The encapsulated DLT645 protocol data frame is forwarded to the corresponding circuit breaker through the downlink of the intelligent gateway.

[0036] Furthermore, the intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model includes a buffer queue, a scheduling engine, and a scheduling queue; the buffer queue is used to cache multi-channel sub-gateway data frames, the scheduling engine is a real-time scheduler, and the scheduling queue is implemented using a linked list to send data frames in the order in the scheduling queue.

[0037] Furthermore, the scheduling engine assigns a control list to the buffer queue to manage the transmission priority of the queue; the control list includes 8 priorities, from 0 to 7, where 0 is the highest priority and 7 is the lowest priority. The control list is used as a lookup table to manage the switch state of the queue door: when the queue door state is "1", the queue door is opened, allowing data frames of the corresponding priority to enter the transmission; when the queue door state is "0", the queue door is closed, and the data frame continues to wait in the queue until the door is opened; the intelligent gateway dynamically adjusts the door state in the control list according to the system load and actual needs. When the system load is high, the intelligent gateway prioritizes keeping the high priority door open to ensure the timely transmission of key data frames; when the load is low, the system dynamically opens the low priority door.

[0038] Furthermore, the specific scheduling process of the intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model includes the following steps:

[0039] Step 1: The circuit breaker transmits the data frame to the smart gateway through the controller of the smart gateway;

[0040] Step 2: After receiving the data frame, the controller of the intelligent gateway puts it into the multi-buffer queue waiting for transmission;

[0041] Step 3: After being scheduled by the scheduling engine, the data frame is inserted into the scheduling queue according to the priority;

[0042] Step 4: The controller sends data frames in the order in the scheduling queue;

[0043] Step 5: The data frames that have been scheduled and processed enter the controller of the intelligent gateway and are forwarded by the controller of the intelligent gateway.

[0044] The present invention also discloses an intelligent gateway based on the above-mentioned low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method, comprising a power interface, a power module, a main control chip, an RS-485 transceiver, a wireless module ESP-07S and a TCP / IP protocol stack chip. The power interface and the power module provide power for the entire intelligent gateway. The TCP / IP protocol stack chip exchanges data with the main control chip through an SPI bus. The wireless module ESP-07S interacts with the main control chip through USART. At the same time, the intelligent gateway uses the MQTT protocol to connect to the cloud platform; the intelligent gateway uses the RS-485 transceiver to interact with the circuit breaker for data, and the RS-485 transceiver circuit adds two transistor switch circuits to realize automatic transmission and reception. The intelligent gateway exchanges data with the circuit breaker through the DL / T645 protocol, and communicates with the cloud based on the circuit breaker control protocol.

[0045] Beneficial effects:

[0046] 1. The present invention enhances the safety and reliability of the low-voltage power distribution system through the design of the intelligent gateway and the application of the communication protocol. The intelligent gateway can continuously monitor the operating status of the circuit breaker equipment to ensure the safe and stable operation of the distribution system. The present invention introduces a protocol bidirectional mapping method to achieve multi-protocol intercommunication and support real-time data transmission between different devices, so that the power system equipment can perform cross-protocol data exchange and device control through the intelligent gateway. Traditional protocol mapping is usually limited to data forwarding or simple encapsulation. The present invention automatically identifies, converts and maps data between the DLT645 protocol and the circuit breaker control protocol. Supports automatic conversion from uplink to downlink and downlink to uplink. In this way, when there are a large number of access devices and a large amount of data is generated, it is mapped to a unified frame structure, and information can be transmitted more quickly and accurately in high data volume scenarios.

[0047] 2. The intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model designed by the present invention uses a buffer queue to temporarily store a large number of received data frames that cannot be processed in time. Then, a priority control list is introduced into the scheduling engine to classify the data frames according to their type and priority, allowing high-priority data to be processed first, which can alleviate data frame congestion. The present invention introduces a scheduling engine mechanism to coordinate real-time communication between different protocols, ensuring the real-time performance of data collection and transmission while transmitting control data and message data on the circuit breaker at the same time.

[0048] 3. Timestamps are added to the circuit breaker control protocol frame, which gateway sends (gateway ID), which circuit breaker sends (circuit breaker ID), which link on the gateway (link ID), and which data type it belongs to. When many circuit breakers are connected to the main gateway, after the uplink is parsed, it is clear which circuit breaker the data comes from, which gateway it passes through, and which link it is sent from. If the uplink sends instructions, the main gateway can clearly know which sub-gateway to forward and which circuit breaker on which link. It is more suitable for large-scale scenarios, centralized monitoring and management, so that the source of data can be accurately tracked in a large-scale environment, including which circuit breaker, which sub-gateway and which link. When the main gateway receives the data from the uplink, it can quickly identify the data source and process it effectively. The combination of fields, the timestamp of the main gateway is not only used for data marking, but also for synchronizing the status data of the cloud and the circuit breaker to prevent repeated transmission of data frames. The timestamp and ID can accurately track the data source and quickly identify its source path after receiving the downlink data. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0049] Figure 1 The overall design diagram of the PCB board of the intelligent gateway hardware circuit of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the intelligent gateway software system solution of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 3 It is a timing diagram of the interaction between the circuit breaker and the intelligent gateway of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 4 This is a structure diagram of a control message frame of an intelligent gateway protocol of the present invention;

[0053] Figure 5 A diagram of a bidirectional mapping method of an intelligent gateway protocol according to the present invention;

[0054] Figure 6 This is a diagram of the intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0055] The technical solution of the present invention is now further described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0056] Embodiment 1:

[0057] This embodiment discloses a low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method based on the multi-function electric energy meter communication protocol DL / T645, which mainly includes: hardware design of the intelligent gateway, circuit breaker control protocol, protocol mapping model, and concurrent transaction scheduling model.

[0058] The smart gateway establishes a connection with the circuit breaker through RS-485, and realizes dynamic network configuration through the DHCP protocol, and uses the MQTT protocol to establish a connection with the cloud platform for control information and data transmission. The specific design includes:

[0059] It includes a power interface 1, a power module 2, a main control chip 3, an RS-485 transceiver 4, a wireless module ESP-07S 5 and a TCP / IP protocol stack chip 6. Figure 1 As shown in the figure, the TCP / IP protocol stack chip exchanges data with the main control chip through the SPI bus, the wireless module ESP-07S exchanges data with the main control chip through USART, and uses the MQTT protocol to connect to the cloud platform. The smart gateway uses RS-485 to exchange data with the circuit breaker. Two transistor switch circuits are added to the RS-485 circuit to achieve automatic transmission and reception, and the DL / T645 protocol is implemented on the smart gateway for data exchange.

[0060] Figure 1 The top layer of the intelligent gateway PCB is shown. The power module 2 of this embodiment adopts WSA20S12, TMI3281 and HT7533-1 power modules, and the RS-485 transceiver 4 adopts BL3085B chip, which is a half-duplex RS-485 transceiver, and a triode switch circuit is added to realize automatic transceiver. The wireless module ESP-07S 5 adopts the wireless module ESP-07S, and the TCP / IP protocol stack chip 6 adopts the W5500 hardware TCP / IP protocol stack chip. The main control chip of this embodiment is the GD32F470ZIT6 main control chip with ARM Cortex-M4 core, and the clock frequency can reach up to 240MHz, which meets the high performance requirements of the gateway to process transmission data, and can also take into account the advantages of low power consumption and low price.

[0061] like Figure 2 As shown, the design and implementation of the low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway of this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0062] Step 1: Complete the initialization configuration of the main control chip of the smart gateway, including the clock frequency, GPIO, USART, SPI and memory development for storing data;

[0063] Step 2: The intelligent gateway obtains configuration information through DHCP and configures the gateway. The configuration information includes the gateway's MAC, IP, GW, SN, sending target port, sending target address, etc.; this embodiment uses the DHCP protocol to dynamically obtain configuration information, and uses DNS to resolve the cloud platform domain name for automatic configuration after the program fails and restarts, restoring to normal communication status; the gateway configuration includes network configuration, Socket port cache space size configuration for sending and receiving data, MQTT connection server information, and subscribed / published topics.

[0064] Step 3: After the smart gateway successfully connects to the cloud platform, it enters the communication state between the smart gateway and the circuit breaker, starts to encapsulate the request frame of the DL / T645 protocol, and communicates with the circuit breaker via the RS-485 serial port.

[0065] Step 4: After the circuit breaker receives the request frame from the intelligent gateway, it matches whether the communication address is consistent. If the address is the same, it performs the corresponding action according to the data identifier; otherwise, the intelligent gateway sends the next request frame.

[0066] Step 5: After receiving the reply frame from the circuit breaker, the smart gateway extracts the data items, encapsulates them in JSON format, and publishes them to the MQTT server.

[0067] Step 6: The cloud platform issues an execution or query command, and the smart gateway sends a request frame to the circuit breaker. The circuit breaker receives the request and executes the corresponding action. If the circuit breaker does not execute the command, the cloud platform sends the command again. If the circuit breaker fails to execute the command after sending the command three times, an error is reported to the cloud platform.

[0068] The intelligent gateway controlling the circuit breaker in this embodiment includes two parts: a communication protocol and a message, wherein the communication protocol includes: the intelligent gateway sending a request frame to the circuit breaker, controlling the circuit breaker and receiving a reply frame from the circuit breaker, and monitoring the status of the circuit breaker.

[0069] like Figure 3 As shown, the communication sequence specification steps between the circuit breaker and the intelligent gateway are as follows:

[0070] The intelligent gateway sends a real-time request frame to the circuit breaker and waits to receive a reply frame fed back by the circuit breaker.

[0071] After receiving the real-time request frame from the intelligent gateway, the circuit breaker encapsulates the electric energy data item corresponding to the data identifier in the request frame and sends a reply frame that the circuit breaker feeds back to the intelligent gateway.

[0072] After receiving the reply frame information fed back by the circuit breaker, the intelligent gateway parses the data, extracts the data items, and selects to send the next real-time data frame to the circuit breaker.

[0073] If the smart gateway receives a command frame from the cloud, it will perform a circuit breaker control action or query a certain power data according to the message content until the action is completed or the power data item is received.

[0074] like Figure 4 As shown in the figure, it is the intelligent gateway control message format, which is used to control the circuit breaker. The message length varies according to the data length, including 8 fields, including timestamp (Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, Second), which occupies 48 bits in total, gateway ID (GW ID), circuit breaker ID (MCCB ID), link ID (Link ID), circuit breaker address (MCCB Address), which occupies 48 bits, indicating the address of the circuit breaker, read / write bit (R / W) and master / slave bit (M / S), which occupies 2 bits, indicating read / write and master / slave flags respectively, data type (Data Type), which occupies 16 bits, indicating the data type, data length (Data Length), indicating the total length of the message, data field (Data), which has a variable length and is used to transmit service parameters and check bit (CS), which occupies 6 bits.

[0075] Figure 5 It is a bidirectional mapping method of intelligent gateway protocol. In the bidirectional mapping process of the protocol, the protocol mapping module includes a data identification unit and a judgment unit. The system processes the data frame according to the priority of the data type (see Table 1).

[0076] When the intelligent gateway receives the DL645 data frame, the protocol mapping module identifies the type of the data frame and sorts it according to its priority. The data identification unit receives and identifies the data from the DL645 protocol, and the judgment unit classifies and processes the data according to the priority, and preferentially encapsulates the data with higher priority into the circuit breaker control protocol frame format. Specifically:

[0077] Step 1: The intelligent gateway receives the real-time data frame from the circuit breaker and parses the data frame according to the DLT645 protocol, including reading the identifier, address field, data field and check field of the data frame.

[0078] Step 2: Decapsulate the received DLT645 protocol data frame, extract the address, data identifier, and data in the data frame, and perform segmented analysis on the DLT645 protocol data field during decapsulation.

[0079] Step 3: Determine the data type based on the data identifier of the data frame, identify whether it is the current variable or control instruction, and further analyze the data content.

[0080] Step 4: According to the predefined data type mapping relationship table, different types of data are mapped one by one, the data identifier of the DLT645 protocol is mapped to the corresponding instruction of the circuit breaker control protocol, and the corresponding priority is assigned.

[0081] Step 5: Encapsulate the mapped data into the message format of the circuit breaker control protocol. During encapsulation, the system allocates fields according to the mapped control protocol format, including adding circuit breaker ID, gateway ID, link ID, circuit breaker address, read / write, data type in the message, and generates a check bit according to the control protocol format.

[0082] When the smart gateway receives the cloud command, the protocol mapping module maps the circuit breaker control protocol frame to the DL645 protocol frame, the data identification unit receives and identifies the circuit breaker control protocol frame, the judgment unit classifies the data according to the priority, and the smart gateway maps the high priority data to the corresponding DL645 data identifier according to the data type and priority of the control protocol frame, and then encapsulates the classified and sorted data into the DL645 protocol frame format. Specifically:

[0083] Step 6: When the smart gateway receives the circuit breaker control protocol frame sent by the cloud, it parses the fields in the control protocol frame, including timestamp, gateway ID, circuit breaker ID, link ID, circuit breaker address, read / write flag, data type, data length, data field, and checksum field;

[0084] Step 7: Parse the circuit breaker control protocol frame and determine the DLT645 protocol data identifier to which the control protocol frame needs to be mapped based on the data type field and the predefined mapping relationship table;

[0085] Step 8: Classify the parsed control protocol data according to priority, and process the data fields with high priority first;

[0086] Step 9: According to the frame format of the DLT645 protocol, the classified control protocol data is re-encapsulated into a DLT645 protocol data frame;

[0087] Step 10: The encapsulated DLT645 protocol data frame is forwarded to the corresponding circuit breaker through the downlink of the intelligent gateway.

[0088] Table 1 Data type mapping relationship

[0089] Data Types Priority Data Types Current variables 0 0x0101 Control instructions 1 0x0102 Parameter variables 2 0x0103 Event Log 3 0x0104 Maximum / minimum value recording 4 0x0105 Cumulative records 5 0x0106 Diagnostic Information 6 0x0107 Software Upgrade 7 0x0108

[0090] In this embodiment, bidirectional conversion is performed between the DL645 protocol frame and the circuit breaker control protocol frame. The bidirectional protocol mapping optimizes the data transmission structure, so that the status data and control information of the circuit breaker can be efficiently and accurately converted between different protocol frames, reducing delays and ensuring real-time communication.

[0091] like Figure 6 As shown, the intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model is as follows:

[0092] After receiving the multi-channel sub-gateway data frame, the controller of the intelligent gateway puts the multi-channel sub-gateway data frame into the multi-buffer queue of the intelligent gateway for transmission. The intelligent gateway forwards the frame to the queue scheduler in the scheduling engine. The intelligent gateway assigns a control list to each queue in the buffer queue. The control list is used as a lookup table to manage the switch status of the queue door. It contains 8 priorities, from 0 to 7, with priority 0 being the highest priority and priority 7 being the lowest priority. When the queue door state in the control list is "1", the door is opened and the data frame begins to be transmitted; when the door state is "0", the door is closed, and the data frame continues to wait in the queue until the door is opened; after the data frame is scheduled by the scheduling engine, the controller sends the data frame in the order in the scheduling queue.

[0093] The intelligent gateway protocol concurrent transaction scheduling model of this embodiment includes a buffer queue, a scheduling engine, and a scheduling queue. The real-time scheduler is the core part of the scheduling engine. Multiple scheduling strategies can be implemented in the scheduling engine to improve the reception rate of data frames and the efficiency of protocol conversion.

[0094] The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical concept and features of the present invention, and their purpose is to enable people familiar with the technology to understand the content of the present invention and implement it accordingly, and they cannot be used to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Any equivalent transformation or modification made according to the spirit of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A design method for a low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway, characterized in that: include: The intelligent gateway uses the RS-485 bus to establish a communication link with the circuit breaker and provides a DLT645 protocol communication interface for exchanging data with the circuit breaker. The intelligent gateway communicates with the cloud based on the circuit breaker control protocol and provides a general interface that can be called by upper-level users. Design the circuit breaker control protocol between the smart gateway and the cloud, establish a two-way communication link between the cloud and the smart gateway, and based on the circuit breaker control protocol, the smart gateway and the cloud transmit control instructions to the circuit breaker to remotely control the circuit breaker and receive power data to remotely monitor the circuit breaker status; A bidirectional mapping method between the DLT645 protocol of the intelligent gateway and the circuit breaker control protocol is designed; the bidirectional mapping method between the DLT645 protocol and the circuit breaker control protocol is specifically as follows: 1) when the intelligent gateway receives the real-time DLT645 protocol data frame of the circuit breaker, the DLT645 protocol data frame is first converted into a command message or data message of the circuit breaker control protocol through the intelligent gateway, and the circuit breaker control protocol message is encapsulated in an MQTT protocol message to realize remote monitoring of the circuit breaker; 2) when the intelligent gateway receives the circuit breaker control protocol frame from the cloud, it is converted into a DLT645 protocol data frame through the intelligent gateway, and forwarded to the corresponding circuit breaker through the intelligent gateway; Design a concurrent transaction scheduling model for intelligent gateways. After receiving the data frame, the intelligent gateway controller puts it into the multi-buffer queue waiting for scheduling. After the data frame is scheduled by the scheduling engine, the data frame is inserted into the scheduling queue according to the priority, and the controller sends the data frame in the order of the scheduling queue.

2. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The circuit breaker control protocol includes a control protocol message and a circuit breaker and intelligent gateway communication timing specification.

3. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The control protocol message structure includes 8 fields, as follows: Timestamp field, including Year, Month, Day, Hour, Minute, and Second, occupies 48 bits in total; The GW ID, MCCB ID, and Link ID fields represent the gateway ID, circuit breaker ID, and link ID, respectively; MCCB Address field, 48 bits, indicates the address of the circuit breaker; The R / W and M / S fields occupy 2 bits and represent the read / write and master / slave flags respectively; Data Type field, occupies 16 bits, indicating the data type; Data Length field, indicating the total length of the message; Data field, variable length, used to pass service parameters; The CS field represents the check bit and occupies 6 bits.

4. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The circuit breaker and intelligent gateway communication timing specification includes the following steps: Step 1: The smart gateway sends a request frame and waits for a response; Step 2: The circuit breaker receives the command and replies with an encapsulated data frame to the intelligent gateway; Step 3: The intelligent gateway receives and analyzes the circuit breaker request frame and prepares to respond; Step 4: The circuit breaker and the smart gateway perform multiple request and response interactions, and each request waits for feedback from the circuit breaker.

5. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The method for bidirectional mapping between the intelligent gateway DLT645 protocol and the circuit breaker control protocol comprises the following steps: Step 1: The intelligent gateway receives the real-time data frame from the circuit breaker and parses the data frame according to the DLT645 protocol, including reading the identifier, address field, data field and check field of the data frame; Step 2: Decapsulate the received DLT645 protocol data frame, extract the address, data identifier, and data in the data frame, and perform segmented analysis on the DLT645 protocol data field during decapsulation; Step 3: Determine the data type according to the data identifier of the data frame, identify whether it is the current variable or control instruction, and further analyze the data content; Step 4: According to the predefined data type mapping relationship table, different types of data are mapped one by one, the data identifier of the DLT645 protocol is mapped to the corresponding instruction of the circuit breaker control protocol, and the corresponding priority is assigned; Step 5: Encapsulate the mapped data into the message format of the circuit breaker control protocol. During encapsulation, the system allocates fields according to the mapped control protocol format, including adding the circuit breaker ID, gateway ID, link ID, circuit breaker address, read / write, data type in the message, and generates a check bit according to the control protocol format; Step 6: When the smart gateway receives the circuit breaker control protocol frame sent by the cloud, it parses the fields in the control protocol frame, including timestamp, gateway ID, circuit breaker ID, link ID, circuit breaker address, read / write flag, data type, data length, data field, and checksum field; Step 7: Parse the circuit breaker control protocol frame and determine the DLT645 protocol data identifier to which the control protocol frame needs to be mapped based on the data type field and the predefined mapping relationship table; Step 8: Classify the parsed control protocol data according to priority, and process the data fields with high priority first; Step 9: According to the frame format of the DLT645 protocol, the classified control protocol data is re-encapsulated into a DLT645 protocol data frame; Step 10: The encapsulated DLT645 protocol data frame is forwarded to the corresponding circuit breaker through the downlink of the intelligent gateway.

6. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model includes a buffer queue, a scheduling engine, and a scheduling queue; the buffer queue is used to cache multi-channel sub-gateway data frames, the scheduling engine is a real-time scheduler, and the scheduling queue is implemented using a linked list to send data frames in the order in the scheduling queue.

7. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The scheduling engine assigns a control list to the buffer queue to manage the transmission priority of the queue; the control list includes 8 priorities, from 0 to 7, where 0 is the highest priority and 7 is the lowest priority. The control list is used as a lookup table to manage the switch status of the queue door: when the queue door state is "1", the queue door is opened, allowing data frames of the corresponding priority to enter the transmission; when the queue door state is "0", the queue door is closed, and the data frame continues to wait in the queue until the door is opened; the intelligent gateway dynamically adjusts the door state in the control list according to the system load and actual needs. When the system load is high, the intelligent gateway prioritizes keeping the high-priority door open to ensure the timely transmission of key data frames; when the load is low, the system dynamically opens the low-priority door.

8. A low voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to claim 6, characterized in that: The specific scheduling process of the intelligent gateway concurrent transaction scheduling model includes the following steps: Step 1: The circuit breaker transmits the data frame to the smart gateway through the controller of the smart gateway; Step 2: After receiving the data frame, the controller of the intelligent gateway puts it into the multi-buffer queue waiting for transmission; Step 3: After being scheduled by the scheduling engine, the data frame is inserted into the scheduling queue according to the priority; Step 4: The controller sends data frames in the order in the scheduling queue; Step 5: The data frames that have been scheduled and processed enter the controller of the intelligent gateway and are forwarded by the controller of the intelligent gateway.

9. An intelligent gateway based on the low-voltage power distribution intelligent gateway design method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: It includes a power interface, a power module, a main control chip, an RS-485 transceiver, a wireless module ESP-07S and a TCP / IP protocol stack chip. The power interface and the power module provide power for the entire intelligent gateway. The TCP / IP protocol stack chip exchanges data with the main control chip through the SPI bus. The wireless module ESP-07S interacts with the main control chip through USART. At the same time, the intelligent gateway uses the MQTT protocol to connect to the cloud platform; the intelligent gateway uses the RS-485 transceiver to interact with the circuit breaker. Two transistor switch circuits are added to the RS-485 transceiver circuit to realize automatic transmission and reception. The intelligent gateway exchanges data with the circuit breaker through the DL / T645 protocol and communicates with the cloud based on the circuit breaker control protocol.

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