Method and system for flywheel-based high-power electric vehicle charging

Abstract

A system for storing input power and providing output power, such as for charging an electric vehicle, may include an alternator, a flywheel, an alternator, or any combination thereof. The electric machine may be electrically coupled to an AC power source and may receive AC power from the power source. The flywheel may be coupled to a rotor external to the electric machine. A generator may be coupled to the flywheel and electrically coupled to the controller to power a load, such as an electric vehicle, for charging one or more batteries of the vehicle.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 394,886 filed on August 3, 2022 and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 486,985 filed on February 25, 2023, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0003] STATEMENT REGARDING FEDERALLY SPONSORED RESEARCH OR DEVELOPMENT

[0004] not applicable.

[0005] Appendix References

[0006] not applicable.

[0007] TECHNICAL FIELD The present disclosure relates generally to electric vehicle charging stations, and more particularly to high power electric vehicle charging stations. Background Art

[0008] The number of Electric Vehicles (EVs) is growing rapidly. With this rapid increase in the number of EVs, millions of chargers will need to be deployed each year. Although many of these chargers will be low-power residential chargers that can utilize existing grid connections, many of them will be high-power Direct Current Fast Chargers (DCFCs), whose power draw is currently up to 350kW. Some applications (such as electric trucks) can utilize much higher power draws, such as 3MW. These new, higher power charging requirements may put a strain on our grid and require an expensive, time-consuming and complex installation process, which includes bringing in additional distribution lines, purchasing large transformers, and paying expensive demand charges for peak power consumption.

[0009] As an alternative to upgrading the grid connection to support these high-power chargers, modular energy storage systems can be installed at EV charging station sites as a direct solution to alleviate these upgrade requirements. These modular energy storage systems can accumulate energy by charging at low power from the existing grid connection, and then discharge at high power when the electric vehicle enters the charging station. With this approach, power is not drawn from the grid at this higher power rate. Instead, the lower power draw from the grid charges the energy storage system over a longer period of time. This stored energy can then be utilized to increase the output power required by the high-power charger. Therefore, the grid never "sees" the high power draw, and the cost and time of installing the charger can be significantly reduced.

[0010] In addition, modular energy storage systems can be installed at EV charging station sites to avoid drawing power from the grid during peak hours or during partial or complete power grid outages. Many parts of our nation's (one or more) power grids are already at or near maximum capacity, especially at certain times of the day. Drawing more power from the grid during peak hours may cause or exacerbate grid overloads. In addition, some power companies charge more for power drawn during peak hours. Being able to use stored energy can power chargers during peak hours or power outages instead of drawing power from the grid during peak hours.

[0011] Electrochemical cells such as lithium-ion batteries can be used in this application, but an alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC) (or AC / DC) conversion from the grid to the battery will be required, followed by a DC / AC conversion from the battery to the DCFC, since conventional DCFCs are typically designed to accept AC input power from the grid. The DCFC itself then converts the AC back to DC for acceptance by the vehicle. A combined battery / DCFC system can be used so that the grid AC is converted to DC in one go. However, this may limit or eliminate the possibility of supporting existing DCFC hardware or expanding to existing DCFC facilities.

[0012] Traditional flywheel energy storage systems have the added benefits of high cycle life and high power density, both of which are important for EV charging. However, they generally involve the same complexity as electrochemical solutions when it comes to power electronics. Because the flywheel spins quickly at a variable speed, it needs to be converted from the fixed 60Hz grid frequency to its variable frequency at the input. In addition, at the output, it needs to be converted from the variable frequency to the fixed 60Hz frequency accepted by the DCFC. Both steps require AC / DC / AC conversion and expensive power electronics. Summary of the invention

[0013] Applicants have created new and useful devices, systems and methods for high power electric vehicle charging stations using flywheels for energy storage. While a charging station for electric vehicles is contemplated as one possible implementation of the present disclosure, the disclosed devices, systems and methods can be used for other high power charging stations.

[0014] In at least one embodiment, power electronics can be completely limited or eliminated. In at least one embodiment, by using a Line-Start Synchronous Motor (LSSM) at the power input, the AC signal supplied by the grid can be used to excite the motor over the entire speed range of the motor, usually expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM). At lower frequencies, the LSSM can act as an induction motor, where the slip frequency causes torque on the rotor. When the frequency of the rotor is close to the grid frequency, the motor can act as a synchronous motor, where the main interaction is between the DC field of the rotor and the AC field of the grid supply signal to the stator.

[0015] In at least one embodiment, the rotor can be designed so that the maximum speed matches the grid frequency. In at least one embodiment, the utilization of a larger diameter rotor can be used to store sufficient energy despite the lower maximum RPM. In at least one embodiment, rotor operation can occur primarily between 50% and 100% of the maximum speed so that the slip frequency does not have to increase too significantly and does not cause large inrush currents from the grid. In other words, by avoiding low rotor / flywheel RPMs, the grid does not need to provide the high inrush currents typically associated with LSSMs.

[0016] In at least one embodiment, the variable frequency and / or variable voltage output is directly connected to the input of the DCFC. In at least one embodiment, the frequency and / or voltage range at the rotor is configured to be within the operating range of the AC / DC converter of the DCFC and not below a threshold that would cause excessive energy accumulation between cycles on the AC / DC converter.

[0017] In at least one embodiment, power from the grid can be stored in the flywheel and / or rotor. In at least one embodiment, power from the grid can be combined with power stored in the flywheel and / or rotor at the DCFC. In at least one embodiment, the power drawn from the grid is limited, and the power stored in the flywheel and / or rotor is combined with it at the DCFC to provide the required output power. In at least one embodiment, all output power can be drawn directly from the flywheel and / or rotor. In at least one embodiment, the power drawn from the grid can be limited so that the flywheel and / or rotor slows down as the output power is drawn from it. In at least one embodiment, in the case where the power drawn from the grid is limited and the output power exceeds the limit, the flywheel and / or rotor can be configured to slow down or reduce the speed as the output power is drawn from the system.

[0018] In at least one example, a grid-connected synchronous machine can also stabilize the grid. For example, the LSSM can be designed to idle at a frequency of 60 Hz or 3600 RPM. In at least one embodiment, if the grid frequency is lower than the flywheel frequency, power can flow out of the flywheel into the grid. The flywheel "idle" frequency can be adjusted and / or selected depending on the location and grid frequency (e.g., 60 Hz is commonly used in the United States, while 50 Hz is commonly used in the United Kingdom).

[0019] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include an AC motor, a flywheel, and an AC generator. In at least one embodiment, the motor and the generator may be the same machine. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be electrically coupled to an AC power source. In at least one embodiment, the motor may have a rotor and may be configured to receive AC power from a power source. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be mechanically coupled to a rotor outside the motor. In at least one embodiment, the generator may have a rotor mechanically coupled to the flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the generator may be configured to be electrically coupled to a controller for supplying power to a load.

[0020] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the generator may be a synchronous generator. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle.

[0021] In at least one embodiment, the generator can be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the controller can be configured to convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the generator can be configured to supply AC power to the controller at one or more other levels (such as a second level higher than the first level).

[0022] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include an AC motor and a flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source. In at least one embodiment, the motor may have a rotor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a power source. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be mechanically coupled to a rotor outside the motor. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be configured to mechanically store power received from a power source by the motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to be electrically coupled to a controller for supplying power to a load.

[0023] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the controller may convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load.

[0024] In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to receive AC power from the power supply at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to supply AC power to the controller at another level, such as a second level higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power supply so as to supply AC power to the controller at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to limit the AC power received from the power supply to the first level.

[0025] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include a controller, an AC motor, and a flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to convert AC power to DC power for delivery to the load. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be electrically coupled to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the motor may have a rotor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a power source through a controller. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be mechanically coupled to the rotor, such as outside or external to the motor. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be configured to mechanically store power received from a power source by the motor.

[0026] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from and supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle.

[0027] In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to supply DC power to the load at a second level higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source to supply DC power to the load at the second level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the first level.

[0028] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include a controller and at least one flywheel energy storage system, the controller being configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load, the flywheel energy storage system being configured to mechanically store power received from the power source. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to convert AC power to DC power for delivery to the load. In at least one embodiment, each flywheel energy storage system may include a flywheel mechanically coupled to a rotor, and an AC motor electrically coupled to the controller and mechanically coupled to the rotor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a power source. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle.

[0029] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous reluctance motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may also be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the at least one flywheel energy storage system includes a plurality of flywheel energy storage systems.

[0030] In at least one embodiment, each flywheel energy storage system may also include an alternator electrically coupled to the controller and mechanically coupled to the rotor. In at least one embodiment, the generator may be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the alternator may be a synchronous alternator.

[0031] In at least one embodiment, the rotor can be supported by at least one high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing. For example, the rotor can be axially supported at the upper end by one high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing and / or axially supported at the lower end by another high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel can be supported by at least one magnetic suspension bearing. For example, the flywheel can be supported from below by a repulsion mode permanent magnet suspension bearing and / or supported from above by an attraction mode permanent magnet suspension bearing.

[0032] In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level and supply DC power to the load at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the second level may be higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source so as to supply DC power to the load at the second level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to one or more levels (such as the first level).

[0033] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for electric vehicle charging) may include a controller, a line-start synchronous AC motor, a flywheel, a synchronous AC generator, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be electrically coupled to an AC power source and / or a load. In at least one embodiment, the controller may convert AC power to DC power for delivery to a load at a first level.

[0034] In at least one embodiment, the line-start synchronous AC motor can be electrically coupled to an AC power source. In at least one embodiment, the motor can have a first rotor and / or can receive AC power from the power source at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the second level can be lower than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller can limit the AC power received from the power source to the second level. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel can be mechanically coupled to the first rotor outside the motor.

[0035] In at least one embodiment, the synchronous AC generator can have a second rotor mechanically coupled to the flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the generator can be electrically coupled to the controller for supplying power to a load. In at least one embodiment, the load can be an electric vehicle. In at least one embodiment, the generator can supply AC power to the controller. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 is a block diagram of one of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure.

[0037] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power showing power flow.

[0038] Figure 3 is a block diagram of another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure.

[0039] Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power showing the flow of power during a charging period.

[0040] Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating one possible power flow during a discharge period.

[0041] Figure 6 yes Figure 30014] Block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power showing another possible power flow during a discharge period.

[0042] Figure 7 is a block diagram of yet another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure.

[0043] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power showing the flow of power during a charging period.

[0044] Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating one possible power flow during a discharge period.

[0045] Fig.10 yes Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating another possible power flow during a discharge period.

[0046] Fig.11 is a block diagram of select components of one of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure.

[0047] Fig.12 is a block diagram of select components of another of the many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure.

[0048] Fig.13 is a block diagram of yet another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure.

[0049] Fig.14 is a block diagram of select components of another of the many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0050] The drawings described above and the written description of the specific structures and functions below are not presented to limit the scope of the applicant's invention or the scope of the appended claims. On the contrary, the drawings and written descriptions are provided to teach those skilled in the art to make and use the invention for which patent protection is sought. Those skilled in the art will understand that, for the sake of clarity and understanding, not all features of the commercial embodiments of the present invention are described or shown. Those skilled in the art will also understand that the development of actual commercial embodiments incorporating various aspects of the present invention will require many implementation-specific decisions to achieve the developer's ultimate goal for the commercial embodiment. Such implementation-specific decisions may include and may not be limited to compliance with system-related, business-related, government-related and other constraints, which may vary from time to time depending on the implementation, location and specific to the implementation. Although the efforts of the developer may be complex and time-consuming in an absolute sense, such efforts will be routine tasks for those skilled in the art who benefit from the present disclosure. It must be understood that the invention disclosed and taught herein is susceptible to many and various modifications and alternative forms.

[0051] The use of singular terms, such as but not limited to "one (a)", is not intended to limit the number of items. In addition, the use of relational terms, such as but not limited to "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", "downward", "upward", "side" etc. are used in written description, so that it is clear when specifically referring to the accompanying drawings, and it is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention or the appended claims. The terms "including (including)" and "such as (such as)" are illustrative and non-restrictive. The terms "coupling (couple)", "coupling (coupled)", "coupling (coupling)", "coupler (coupler)" and similar terms are widely used in this article, and can include for fixing one or more pieces of components, combining, bonding, fastening, attaching, engaging, inserting therein, forming thereon or therein, communicating or otherwise for example mechanically, magnetically, electrically, chemically, operably, directly or indirectly associated with intermediate elements any method or equipment, and can also include but not limited to forming a functional component with another functional component in a unified manner. Coupling can occur in any direction (including rotation). Furthermore, all parts and components of the present disclosure that are capable of being physically embodied inherently include imaginary and real characteristics, whether or not such characteristics are explicitly described herein, including but not limited to features such as axes, ends, inner and outer surfaces, interior spaces, tops, bottoms, sides, boundaries, dimensions (e.g., height, length, width, thickness), mass, weight, volume, and density.

[0052] The process flow chart discussed herein shows the operation that may be realized according to the system, method and computer program product of various embodiments of the present invention.In this respect, each frame in the flow chart can represent the module, fragment or part of code, which may include one or more executable instructions for realizing the specified logical function.It should also be noted that in some embodiments, the functions mentioned in the frame may not occur in the order shown in the figure.For example, the frames shown continuously can actually be executed substantially at the same time.It will also be noted that one or more frames illustrated in the flow chart can be realized by a combination of a system based on special-purpose hardware or special-purpose hardware and computer instructions that performs a specified function or action.

[0053] Applicants have created new and useful devices, systems, and methods for high-power electric vehicle charging stations using flywheels for energy storage. Although intended for charging stations for electric vehicles, the disclosed devices, systems, and methods can be used with other high-power charging stations. In at least one embodiment, a system according to the present disclosure (such as an energy storage system or a system for storing input power and providing output power) may include one or more controllers for converting AC power to DC power for delivery to a load, and one or more flywheel energy storage systems for mechanically storing power received from a power source. In at least one embodiment, a flywheel energy storage system according to the present disclosure may include one or more flywheels mechanically coupled to one or more rotors, and one or more AC motors, such as self-starting synchronous motors, for receiving AC power from a power source.

[0054] Figure 1 is a block diagram of one of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power, showing power flow. Figure 3 is a block diagram of another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Figure 4 yes Figure 3 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power showing the flow of power during a charging period. Figure 5 yes Figure 3 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating one possible power flow during a discharge period. Figure 6 yes Figure 3 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating another possible power flow during a discharge period. Figure 7 is a block diagram of yet another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power showing the flow of power during a charging period. Fig. 9 yes Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating one possible power flow during a discharge period. Fig.10 yes Figure 7 A block diagram of a system for storing input power and providing output power illustrating another possible power flow during a discharge period. Fig.11 is a block diagram of select components of one of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Fig.12 is a block diagram of select components of another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Fig.13 is a block diagram of yet another of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Fig.14 is a block diagram of selected components of another embodiment of many embodiments of a system for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure. Figure 1-Figure 14 Described in conjunction with each other.

[0055] In at least one embodiment, a system 100 according to the present disclosure (such as an energy storage system or a system for storing input power and providing output power) may include one or more AC motors 200, one or more flywheels 300, one or more AC generators 400, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 and the generator 400 may be the same machine. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be electrically coupled to one or more AC power sources 500 (such as a conventional power grid). In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may have one or more rotors 210 and / or may be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be mechanically coupled to the rotor 210 outside the motor 200. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 may have one or more rotors 410 mechanically coupled to the flywheel 300. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 may be configured to be electrically coupled to one or more controllers 600 for supplying power to one or more loads 700.

[0056] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be a three-phase two-pole line-start synchronous reluctance motor. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 may be a synchronous generator. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 may be a three-phase four-pole single-pole synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the load 700 may be an electric vehicle (e.g., a passenger vehicle, a bus, or a commercial transportation vehicle).

[0057] In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be configured to supply AC power to the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 can be configured to convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load 700. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500 at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be configured to supply AC power to the controller 600 at a second level higher than the first level.

[0058] In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be configured to supply AC power at the same voltage and frequency as the voltage and frequency received by the motor 200 from the grid 500. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be configured to supply AC power at a voltage and / or frequency different from the voltage and / or frequency received by the motor 200 from the grid 500. For example, the motor 200 and / or the generator 400 can be mechanically coupled to the flywheel 300 through one or more gear systems to provide a gear ratio, and thus provide different voltages and / or different frequencies.

[0059] When the output power supplied to the controller 600 has a higher amplitude than the input power received from the grid 500, the flywheel 300 can slow down. In this way, the flywheel 300 can supply some of the power supplied by the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, if the flywheel 300 is completely exhausted, the flywheel 300 can stop completely. Restarting the flywheel 300 from a complete stop and / or low speed may cause a large inrush current. Therefore, the flywheel 300 and / or other components of the system 100 can be designed to supply the necessary power to charge the load 700 before the flywheel 300 is completely exhausted. In at least one embodiment, the consumption of the flywheel 300 does not exceed 50%. In at least one embodiment, the consumption of the flywheel 300 does not exceed 75%. In at least one embodiment, the consumption of the flywheel 300 does not exceed 90%.

[0060] In at least one embodiment, when the system 100 is not being used to charge the load 700, the flywheel 300 can be "charged" by spinning it to its maximum design RPM. In at least one embodiment, when the system 100 is being used to charge the load 700, the energy stored in the flywheel 300 can supply some or all of the power required to charge the load 700. At least because the flywheel 300 can be designed to store a large amount of energy, the system 100 can supply more power to the load 700 at any one time than it has ever received. In other words, the system 100 can draw power from the grid 500 at a lower rate and / or over a longer period of time, and can deliver that power to the load 700 at a higher rate and / or over a shorter period of time.

[0061] One or more of the features described herein may be particularly useful in situations where there is a maximum level of power that can be drawn from the grid 500 (without upgrading equipment and / or paying higher fees), and there is a need to provide power at a higher rate to the load 700. One or more of these features may also be used to purchase and store power from the grid 500 during off-peak times, when power may be cheaper or otherwise preferred, and to provide power to the load 700 when needed, which may include, for example, peak times or when the grid 500 is experiencing a brownout or blackout.

[0062] In at least one embodiment, a system 100 for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure, such as for charging an electric vehicle, may include one or more AC motors 200 and / or one or more flywheels 300. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be configured to be electrically coupled to one or more AC power sources 500. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may have one or more rotors 210. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be mechanically coupled to the rotor 210 outside the motor 200. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be configured to mechanically store power received from the power source 500 by the motor 200. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be configured to be electrically coupled to one or more controllers 600 for powering one or more loads 700.

[0063] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be a three-phase two-pole line-start synchronous reluctance motor. In at least one embodiment, the load 700 may be one or more electric vehicles (or power sources thereof, such as batteries or battery banks), such as passenger vehicles, buses, commercial transportation vehicles, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be configured to supply AC power to the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load 700.

[0064] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500 at one or more levels, such as a first level. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be configured to supply AC power to the controller 600 at one or more levels, such as a second level higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be configured to add power from the flywheel 300 to the AC power received from the power source 500 so as to supply AC power to the controller 600 at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be configured to limit the power received from the power source 500 to the first level.

[0065] In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 or a portion thereof can be integrated into the motor 200. For example, the controller 600 or a portion thereof can be integrated into the motor 200. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can include one or more current control and / or limiting devices. In at least one embodiment, such equipment can be controlled by the controller 600. In this way, the motor 200, the controller 600, or both can be configured to limit the AC power received from the power supply 500 to a first level.

[0066] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be configured to convert electrical energy received from the grid 500 into mechanical energy that is sent to the flywheel 300, whether or not the system 100 is used to power the load 700. In this way, when the system 100 is used to power the load 700, the AC power received from the power source 500 can be used to reduce the slowing of the flywheel 300.

[0067] In at least one embodiment, when using system 10 to power load 700, motor 200 can be configured to combine electrical energy received from grid 500 with mechanical energy from flywheel 300. In this way, AC power received from power source 500 can be used to supplement power consumed from flywheel 300, thereby reducing the slowing of flywheel 300 when using system 100 to power load 700.

[0068] In at least one embodiment, a system 100 for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include one or more controllers 600, one or more AC motors 200, one or more flywheels 300, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to be electrically coupled to one or more AC power sources 500, one or more loads 700, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to convert AC power into DC power for delivery to the load 700. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be electrically coupled to the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may have one or more rotors 210. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500 through the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be mechanically coupled to the rotor 210 outside the motor 200. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be configured to mechanically store power received from the power source 500 through the motor 200.

[0069] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be a three-phase two-pole line-start synchronous reluctance motor. In at least one embodiment, the load 700 may be one or more electric vehicles, such as one or more passenger vehicles, one or more buses, one or more commercial transportation vehicles, or any combination thereof.

[0070] In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500 at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to supply DC power to the load 700 at a second level higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to add power from the flywheel 300 to the AC power received from the power source 500 so as to supply DC power to the load 700 at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source 700 to a first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may include one or more current control and / or limiting devices for controlling the motor 200. In this way, the motor 200, the controller 600, or both may be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source 500 to a first level.

[0071] In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 can be configured to feed electrical energy received from the grid 500 to the motor 200, where the electrical energy can be converted to mechanical energy that is sent to the flywheel 300, regardless of whether the system 100 is used to power the load 700. In this way, when the system 100 is used to power the load 700, the AC power received from the power source 500 can be used to reduce the slowing of the flywheel 300.

[0072] In at least one embodiment, when using the system 10 to power the load 700, the controller 600 can be configured to combine the power received from the grid 500 with the power received from the flywheel 300 through the motor 200. In this way, the AC power received from the power source 500 can be used to supplement the power consumed from the flywheel 300, thereby reducing the slowing of the flywheel 300 when using the system 100 to power the load 700.

[0073] In at least one embodiment, a system 100 for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure, such as for charging an electric vehicle, may include one or more controllers 600, one or more flywheel energy storage systems 800, one or more controllers 600 configured to be electrically coupled to one or more AC power sources 500 and / or one or more loads 700, one or more flywheel energy storage systems 800 configured to mechanically store power received from the power source 500, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to convert AC power to DC power for delivery to the load 700. In at least one embodiment, any or all of the flywheel energy storage systems 800 may include one or more flywheels 300 mechanically coupled to one or more rotors 310, one or more AC motors 200 electrically coupled to the controller 600 and / or mechanically coupled to the rotor 310, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may be configured to receive AC power from the power source 500. In at least one embodiment, the load 700 may be one or more electric vehicles.

[0074] In at least one embodiment, the flywheel energy storage system 800 may include a plurality of flywheel energy storage systems 800. In at least one embodiment, the system 100 may include two, three, four or more flywheel energy storage systems 800, thereby providing scalability for the system 100. For example, a system 100 configured to charge a passenger vehicle according to the present disclosure may include one or two flywheel energy storage systems 800. As another example, a system 100 configured to charge a passenger vehicle and a larger vehicle according to the present disclosure may include two, three or more flywheel energy storage systems 800. As another example, a system 100 configured to charge a passenger vehicle and / or a large vehicle during a power outage or peak hours may include four or more flywheel energy storage systems 800, thereby minimizing or removing any power drawn from the grid during a power outage or peak hours.

[0075] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be a three-phase two-pole line-start synchronous reluctance motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can also be configured to supply AC power to the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be directly connected to the power grid 500 without any power electronic interface (such as a variable frequency drive). In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be directly connected to the power grid 500 via one or more circuit breakers (such as a molded case circuit breaker (MCCB)).

[0076] In at least one embodiment, the flywheel energy storage system 800 may also include one or more alternators 400 electrically coupled to the controller 600 and mechanically coupled to the rotor 310. In at least one embodiment, the generator 600 may be configured to supply AC power to the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the alternator 600 may be a synchronous alternator. In at least one embodiment, the alternator 600 may be a three-phase four-pole single-pole synchronous machine.

[0077] In at least one embodiment, the rotor 310 may be supported by one or more high temperature superconducting magnetic bearings 320. For example, the rotor 310 may be axially supported at the upper end by one or more high temperature superconducting magnetic bearings 320 and / or axially supported at the lower end by one or more other high temperature superconducting magnetic bearings 320. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be supported by one or more magnetic suspension bearings 330, 340. For example, the flywheel 300 may be supported from below by one or more repulsion mode permanent magnet suspension bearings 330 and / or supported from above by one or more attraction mode permanent magnet suspension bearings 340.

[0078] In at least one embodiment, the rotor 310 may be common to the motor 200, the flywheel 300, the generator 400, or any combination thereof. For example, in at least one embodiment, the motor 200 may have its own rotor 210, which may be mechanically coupled to the rotor 310 of the flywheel 300. Similarly, in at least one embodiment, the generator 400 may have its own rotor 410, which may be mechanically coupled to the rotor 310 of the flywheel 300. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be configured to rotate about any of the rotors 210, 310, 410 in a horizontal plane. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 may be configured to rotate about any of the rotors 210, 310, 410 in a vertical plane.

[0079] In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 can be positioned between the motor 200 and the generator 400. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be positioned between the flywheel 300 and the generator 400. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be positioned between the motor 200 and the flywheel 300.

[0080] In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to receive AC power from the power supply 500 at a first level and to supply DC power to the load 700 at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the second level may be higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to add power from the flywheel 300 to the AC power received from the power supply 500 so as to supply DC power to the load 700 at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be configured to limit the AC power received from the power supply 500 to a first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may include one or more rectifiers. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may include one or more adjustable rectifiers, and thereby the output voltage of the DC power supplied to the load 700 may be adjusted. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may control one or more separate adjustable rectifiers, so that the output voltage of the DC power supplied to the load 700 may be adjusted.

[0081] In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be a unipolar generator that is magnetized by a stationary DC field winding fixed to the stator. In at least one embodiment, a proportional integral derivative (PID) control system can adjust the long current to achieve a desired output voltage, which can be different for different loads (such as passenger vehicles, buses, or commercial transport vehicles), and the desired output voltage can be or include any output voltage required or desired according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. In at least one embodiment, the desired output voltage can be specified by the load 700, the user, the controller 600, or any combination thereof. For example, the controller 600 can detect which type of load 700 is connected to it, and can set the reference voltage of the PID control system accordingly. In at least one embodiment, the PID control system can be integrated into the controller 600. In at least one embodiment, the PID control system can be independent of the controller 600.

[0082] In at least one embodiment, the system 100 may include one or more flywheels 300, bearings 320, 330, 340 and / or other components disclosed in any of the following: U.S. patent application No. 17 / 348,716 filed on June 15, 2021; U.S. Patent No. 11,105,368 published on August 31, 2021; U.S. Patent No. 10,0777,805 on September 18, 2018; U.S. Patent No. 9,404,532 on August 2, 2016; and / or U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 884,766 filed on July 10, 2013; the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0083] In at least one embodiment, the system 100 for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure (such as for electric vehicle charging) can provide an adjustable output voltage for various vehicles without any DC / DC converter, which may be subject to high failure rates. For example, the controller 600 can be configured to charge various vehicles (each with a different charging rate and / or voltage) without a DC / DC converter.

[0084] In at least one embodiment, the system 100 according to the present disclosure can provide a stable voltage and power rating during charging, regardless of the capacity and fluctuations in the power grid 500. In at least one embodiment, since very high power is accessible, the system 100 according to the present disclosure can provide very fast charging, regardless of the capacity and fluctuations in the power grid 500. In at least one embodiment, the system 100 according to the present disclosure can provide scalability according to the desired charging station rating, which can be or include any rating according to embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0085] In at least one embodiment, the system 100 according to the present disclosure can operate without a grid connection interface (e.g., a variable frequency drive) or an unreliable load interface. For example, commonly available DC / DC chargers may have a high failure rate. In addition, the system 100, which can be configured without any DC / DC chargers, can be more reliable, with a simpler structure, lower installation costs, and lower maintenance requirements.

[0086] In at least one embodiment, a flywheel energy storage system 800 according to the present disclosure can have negligible idling losses and a long life expectancy, particularly when compared to alternative energy storage systems. For example, the flywheel energy storage system 800 can be configured to avoid voltage drops typically associated with battery systems.

[0087] In at least one embodiment, a system 100 for storing input power and providing output power according to the present disclosure, such as for electric vehicle charging, may include one or more controllers 600, one or more line-start synchronous AC motors 200, one or more flywheels 300, one or more synchronous AC generators 400, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may be electrically coupled to one or more AC power sources 500 and / or one or more loads 700. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 may convert AC power into DC power for first power delivery to the load 700.

[0088] In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can be electrically coupled to the source 500. In at least one embodiment, the motor 200 can have one or more rotors 210 and / or can receive AC power from the source 500 at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the second level can be lower than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller 600 can limit the AC power received from the source 500 to the second level. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel 300 can be mechanically coupled to the rotor 210 outside the motor 200.

[0089] In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can have one or more rotors 410 mechanically coupled to the flywheel 300. In at least one embodiment, the generator 400 can be electrically coupled to the controller 600 for supplying power to the load 700. In at least one embodiment, the load 700 can be one or more electric vehicles. In at least one embodiment, the generator can supply AC power to the controller 600.

[0090] In at least one embodiment, the power electronics can be completely limited or eliminated. In at least one embodiment, by using a self-starting synchronous machine (LSSM) at the power input, the AC signal supplied by the grid can be used to excite the motor over the entire speed range of the motor, usually expressed in revolutions per minute (RPM). At lower frequencies, the LSSM acts as an induction motor, where the slip frequency causes torque on the rotor. When the frequency of the rotor approaches the grid frequency, the motor acts as a synchronous motor, where the main interaction is between the DC field of the rotor and the AC field of the grid supply signal to the stator.

[0091] In at least one embodiment, the rotor can be designed so that the maximum speed matches the grid frequency. In at least one embodiment, the utilization of a larger diameter rotor can be used to store sufficient energy despite the lower maximum RPM. In at least one embodiment, rotor operation can occur primarily between 50% and 100% of the maximum speed so that the slip frequency does not have to increase too significantly and does not cause large inrush currents from the grid. In other words, by avoiding low rotor / flywheel RPMs, the grid does not need to provide the high inrush currents typically associated with LSSMs.

[0092] In at least one embodiment, the variable frequency and / or variable voltage output is directly connected to the input of the DCFC. In at least one embodiment, the frequency and / or voltage range at the rotor is configured to be within the operating range of the AC / DC converter of the DCFC and not below a threshold that would cause excessive energy accumulation between cycles on the AC / DC converter.

[0093] In at least one embodiment, power from the grid is stored in the flywheel and / or rotor. In at least one embodiment, power from the grid is combined with power stored in the flywheel and / or rotor at the DCFC. In at least one embodiment, power drawn from the grid is limited and power stored in the flywheel and / or rotor is combined with the flywheel and / or rotor at the DCFC to provide the required output power. In at least one embodiment, all output power is drawn directly from the flywheel and / or rotor. In at least one embodiment, power drawn from the grid is limited so that the flywheel and / or rotor slows down as output power is drawn therefrom. In at least one embodiment, in the event that power drawn from the grid is limited and the output power exceeds the limit, the flywheel and / or rotor slows down as output power is drawn from the system.

[0094] In at least one embodiment, the grid-tied synchronous machine can also stabilize the grid. For example, the LSSM can be designed to idle at a frequency of 60 Hertz (Hz) or 3600 RRPM. In at least one embodiment, if the grid frequency is lower than the flywheel frequency, power can flow from the flywheel to the grid. The flywheel "idle" frequency can be adjusted and / or selected depending on the location and grid frequency (for example, 60 Hz is commonly used in the United States, while 50 Hz is commonly used in the United Kingdom).

[0095] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include an AC motor, a flywheel, and an AC generator. In at least one embodiment, the motor and the generator may be the same machine. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be electrically coupled to an AC power source. In at least one embodiment, the motor may have a rotor and may be configured to receive AC power from a power source. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be mechanically coupled to a rotor outside the motor. In at least one embodiment, the generator may have a rotor mechanically coupled to the flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the generator may be configured to be electrically coupled to a controller for supplying power to a load.

[0096] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the generator may be a synchronous generator. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle.

[0097] In at least one embodiment, the generator can be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the controller can be configured to convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the generator can be configured to supply AC power to the controller at a second level higher than the first level.

[0098] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include an AC motor and a flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source. In at least one embodiment, the motor may have a rotor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a power source. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be mechanically coupled to a rotor outside the motor. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be configured to mechanically store power received from a power source by the motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to be electrically coupled to a controller for supplying power to a load.

[0099] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the controller may convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load.

[0100] In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to supply AC power to the controller at a second level higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source to supply AC power to the controller at the second level. In at least one embodiment, the motor can be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the first level.

[0101] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include a controller, an AC motor, and a flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to convert AC power into DC power for delivery to the load. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be electrically coupled to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the motor may have a rotor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a power source through a controller. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be mechanically coupled to a rotor outside the motor. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel may be configured to mechanically store power received from a power source by the motor.

[0102] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a controller and supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle.

[0103] In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to supply DC power to the load at a second level higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source to supply DC power to the load at the second level. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the first level.

[0104] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for charging an electric vehicle) may include a controller and at least one flywheel energy storage system, the controller being configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load, the flywheel energy storage system being configured to mechanically store power received from the power source. In at least one embodiment, the controller may be configured to convert AC power to DC power for delivery to the load. In at least one embodiment, each flywheel energy storage system may include a flywheel mechanically coupled to a rotor, and an AC motor electrically coupled to the controller and mechanically coupled to the rotor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may be configured to receive AC power from a power source. In at least one embodiment, the load may be an electric vehicle.

[0105] In at least one embodiment, the motor may be a line-start synchronous reluctance motor. In at least one embodiment, the motor may also be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the at least one flywheel energy storage system includes a plurality of flywheel energy storage systems.

[0106] In at least one embodiment, each flywheel energy storage system may also include an alternator electrically coupled to the controller and mechanically coupled to the rotor. In at least one embodiment, the generator may be configured to supply AC power to the controller. In at least one embodiment, the alternator may be a synchronous alternator.

[0107] In at least one embodiment, the rotor can be supported by at least one high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing. For example, the rotor can be axially supported at the upper end by one high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing and / or axially supported at the lower end by another high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel is supported by at least one magnetic suspension bearing. For example, the flywheel can be supported from below by a repulsion mode permanent magnet suspension bearing and / or supported from above by an attraction mode permanent magnet suspension bearing.

[0108] In at least one embodiment, the controller can be configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level and supply DC power to the load at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the second level can be higher than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller can be configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source so as to supply DC power to the load at the second level. In at least one embodiment, the controller can be configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the first level.

[0109] In at least one embodiment, a system for storing input power and providing output power (such as for electric vehicle charging) can include a controller, a line-start synchronous AC motor, a flywheel, a synchronous AC generator, or any combination thereof. In at least one embodiment, the controller can be electrically coupled to an AC power source and / or a load. In at least one embodiment, the controller can convert AC power to DC power for delivery to the load at a first level.

[0110] In at least one embodiment, the line-start synchronous AC motor can be electrically coupled to an AC power source. In at least one embodiment, the motor can have a first rotor and / or can receive AC power from the power source at a second level. In at least one embodiment, the second level can be lower than the first level. In at least one embodiment, the controller can limit the AC power received from the power source to the second level. In at least one embodiment, the flywheel can be mechanically coupled to the first rotor external to the motor.

[0111] In at least one embodiment, the synchronous AC generator can have a second rotor mechanically coupled to the flywheel. In at least one embodiment, the generator can be electrically coupled to the controller for supplying power to a load. In at least one embodiment, the load can be an electric vehicle. In at least one embodiment, the generator can supply AC power to the controller.

[0112] Without departing from the spirit of the applicant's disclosure, other and further embodiments utilizing one or more aspects of the present disclosure may be designed. For example, devices, systems and methods may be implemented for many different types and sizes in many different industries. In addition, various methods and embodiments of devices, systems and methods may be included in combination with each other to produce variations of the disclosed methods and embodiments. Discussions of singular elements may include plural elements, and vice versa. Unless otherwise specifically limited, the order of steps may occur in various orders. The various steps described herein may be combined with other steps, interlaced with the steps, and / or divided into multiple steps. Similarly, elements have been described functionally, and elements may be embodied as separate components or may be combined into components with multiple functions.

[0113] The present invention has been described in the context of preferred embodiments and other embodiments, and not every embodiment of the present invention has been described. Obvious modifications and alterations to the described embodiments may be obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art having the benefit of this disclosure. The disclosed and undisclosed embodiments are not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the invention conceived by the applicant, but in accordance with patent law, the applicant intends to fully protect all such modifications and improvements that fall within the scope of equivalents of the appended claims.

Claims

1. A system for storing input power and providing output power, the system comprising: a controller configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load, wherein the controller is configured to convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load; and at least one flywheel energy storage system configured to mechanically store electrical power received from said power source, each flywheel energy storage system comprising- a flywheel, mechanically coupled to the rotor; and An AC motor is electrically coupled to the controller and mechanically coupled to the rotor, the motor being configured to receive AC power from the power source.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The motor is a line-start synchronous reluctance motor.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The motor is also configured to supply AC power to the controller.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: Each flywheel energy storage system also includes an alternator electrically coupled to the controller and mechanically coupled to the rotor, the generator being configured to supply AC power to the controller.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The rotor is supported by at least one high temperature superconducting magnetic bearing.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The flywheel is supported by at least one magnetic bearing.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The controller is configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level, and wherein the controller is configured to supply DC power to the load at a second level, wherein the second level is higher than the first level.

8. The system according to claim 7, wherein: The controller is configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source to supply the DC power to the load at the second level.

9. The system according to claim 7, wherein: The controller is configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the first level.

10. The system according to claim 1, wherein: The load is an electric vehicle.

11. A system for storing input power and providing output power, the system comprising: a controller configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load, wherein the controller is configured to convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load; an AC motor electrically coupled to the controller, the motor having a rotor and configured to receive AC power from the power source through the controller; and A flywheel is mechanically coupled to the rotor external to the electric machine, the flywheel being configured to mechanically store power received from the power source by the electric machine.

12. The system according to claim 11, wherein: The motor is a line-start synchronous motor.

13. The system according to claim 11, wherein: The motor is configured to receive AC power from the controller and to supply AC power to the controller.

14. The system according to claim 11, wherein: The controller is configured to receive AC power from the power source at a first level, and wherein the controller is configured to supply DC power to the load at a second level, wherein the second level is higher than the first level.

15. The system of claim 14, wherein: The controller is configured to add power from the flywheel to the AC power received from the power source to supply the DC power to the load at the second level.

16. The system of claim 14, wherein: The controller is configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the first level.

17. The system of claim 11, wherein: The load is an electric vehicle.

18. A system for storing input power and providing output power, the system comprising: a controller configured to be electrically coupled to an AC power source and a load, wherein the controller is configured to convert the AC power to DC power for delivery to the load at a first level; a line-start synchronous AC motor configured to be electrically coupled to the AC power source, the motor having a first rotor and configured to receive AC power from the power source at a second level, wherein the second level is lower than the first level; a flywheel mechanically coupled to the first rotor external to the electric machine; and A synchronous alternator having a second rotor mechanically coupled to the flywheel, the generator being configured to be electrically coupled to the controller for powering the load, wherein the generator is configured to supply AC power to the controller.

19. The system of claim 18, wherein: The controller is configured to limit the AC power received from the power source to the second level.

20. The system of claim 18, wherein: The load is an electric vehicle.

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