System and method for monitoring and / or controlling internal state of centrifugal pump

Abstract

A method for monitoring and / or operating a pump (10; 10A; 10B; 10A, 10B; 10C); a method for operating a pump (10, 10D) having a housing in which a rotatable portion (20, 200) is disposed for pressing a fluid material (30) from an inlet into an outlet, the method comprising: receiving a measurement signal indicative of vibrations in the housing and / or fluid pressure pulsations (PFP) in the fluid material (30); receiving a reference signal indicative of a rotational reference position of the rotating part (20, 2200); data indicative of an internal state of the pump is generated based on the measurement signal and the reference signal, the data comprising phase values (FI, FI (r), X1 (r)) and / or temporal relationship values (FI, FI (r), X1 (r)).

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of pumps and pump monitoring. It also relates to the field of pump control. Furthermore, it relates to a method and apparatus for monitoring the internal state of a pump. It further relates to a method and apparatus for controlling the internal state of a pump. Finally, it relates to a computer program for monitoring the internal state of a pump. Background Technology

[0002] In some industries (such as papermaking), there is a need to transport fluid materials such as pulp. The mining industry also requires the transport of fluid materials. Other industries (such as the dairy industry) also require the transport of fluids (such as dairy products). Furthermore, in many situations in modern society, there is a need to transport fluid materials such as water, for example, to supply water towers and / or to provide irrigation for agriculture.

[0003] Centrifugal pumps are used to transport fluid materials. For this purpose, a centrifugal pump has a rotating component equipped with blades and called an impeller. The impeller causes the fluid to move as it passes through the pump. The fluid is centrifugally accelerated within the rotating impeller, generating pressure to achieve the desired head. The fluid can flow axially towards the impeller, be deflected by the impeller, and exit through orifices between the blades. Thus, the fluid changes direction and is accelerated. This results in an increase in pressure at the pump outlet. After exiting the impeller, the fluid enters the volute, which collects the fluid and directs it to the pump outlet. The volute is the gradually widening section of the pump casing. Alternatively, as the fluid leaves the impeller, it passes through a ring of fixed blades surrounding the impeller before entering the volute and flowing to the pump outlet, and is often referred to as a diffuser. The operation of centrifugal pumps is usually discussed using the concept of the pump's operating point.

[0004] US2003 / 0129062 (ITT Fluid Technology) discloses that the operating point of a pump is generally considered to be the flow rate and total dynamic head (TDH) delivered by the pump. US2003 / 0129062 also discloses a method for determining the operating point of a centrifugal pump based on motor torque and motor speed. According to US2003 / 0129062, the method for determining whether a centrifugal pump is operating within its normal flow rate operating range includes the following steps: determining the motor torque / TDH relationship within the speed range of minimum flow rate to obtain the minimum flow rate operating range of the centrifugal pump; determining the motor torque / TDH relationship within the speed range of maximum flow rate to obtain the maximum flow rate operating range of the centrifugal pump; determining the actual operating motor torque and TDH of the centrifugal pump at a given operating point; and determining whether the actual operating motor torque and TDH of the centrifugal pump are within the minimum and maximum flow rate operating ranges of the centrifugal pump.

[0005] US 9,416,787 B2 (ABB Technology Oy) discloses that the flow rate-head (QH) curve and flow rate-power (QP) curve of a pump are provided by the pump manufacturer and can be used for all pumps. US 9,416,787 B2 also discloses a method for determining the flow rate (Q) produced by a pump when the pump is controlled by a frequency converter, which estimates the pump's speed and torque, and the pump's characteristic curve is known. The method includes determining the shape of the pump's QH curve, dividing the QH curve into two or more regions based on its shape, determining which region of the QH curve the pump operates in, and using the determined operating region of the characteristic curve to determine the pump's flow rate (Q). Summary of the Invention

[0006] Given one aspect of the prior art, one problem that needs to be addressed is how to provide an improved way to identify the internal state of a pump during operation. This problem is addressed by examples (such as by methods and / or systems and / or pumps as disclosed in this disclosure).

[0007] Given one aspect of the prior art, one problem that needs to be addressed is how to provide an improved way to optimize pump operation. This problem is addressed by examples (such as by methods and / or systems and / or pumps as disclosed in this disclosure).

[0008] Given one aspect of the prior art, one problem that needs to be addressed is how to improve the efficiency of the pumping process of a centrifugal pump. This problem is addressed by examples (such as, through systems and / or pumps and / or methods as disclosed in this disclosure).

[0009] In view of one aspect of the prior art, one problem that needs to be addressed is how to provide an improved way to identify and / or visualize and / or control the internal state of a pump during operation, thereby improving the pumping process. This problem is addressed by examples, such as by methods and / or systems and / or pumps as disclosed in this disclosure.

[0010] In view of one aspect of the prior art, one problem that needs to be addressed is how to provide an improved way to identify and / or visualize and / or control the internal state of a pump during operation, thereby improving the pumping process, controlling the physical parameters displayed in the fluid system coupled to receive fluid from the pump, and / or improving the performance of the fluid system receiving liquid from the pump during pump operation.

[0011] This problem is addressed by example (such as by methods and / or systems and / or pumps as disclosed in this disclosure).

[0012] According to one aspect of this disclosure, the problem can be solved by providing a linearized model of the pumping process of the pump and fluid system combination, which is linearized at the operating point.

[0013] Given one aspect of the existing technology, one problem that needs to be solved is how to deliver variable fluid flow rates and pressures while reducing or eliminating adverse centrifugal pump operating conditions.

[0014] This problem is addressed by example (such as by methods and / or systems and / or pumps as disclosed in this disclosure).

[0015] Given one aspect of the existing technology, one problem that needs to be addressed is how to provide an improved way to identify the internal state of a pump during operation.

[0016] The problem is solved by appended claim 11 and example 253: a method for monitoring and / or operating a centrifugal pump (10; 10A; 10B; 10C; 10D) having a housing (62) forming a volute (75), and a rotatable impeller (20) having a first number (L) of blades (310) disposed within the volute for pressurizing fluid material (30) through the volute into a pump outlet (66), the pump outlet being connected via a valve device (V L V H The method is coupled to a fluid system (52), the method comprising:

[0017] The device (150, 150A, 450) receives the fluid pressure pulsations (P) in the indicating fluid material (30). FP The measurement signal;

[0018] The device (150, 150A, 450) receives a reference signal indicating the rotational reference position of the rotating impeller;

[0019] The device (150, 150A, 450) generates data (X1; X2; X3; X4) indicating the internal state (X) of the centrifugal pump, the data including data based on repeating reference position signal values ​​(Ps, Pc, I, IC) and repeating signal event signatures (S). P The phase values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) and / or time relationship values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) between (r) and Sp), when the first quantity (L) is higher than one, its repetition frequency (f) R The quantity (L) depends on the first quantity.

[0020] Example 258. The method according to any one of Examples 252 to 257, wherein,

[0021] The phase values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicate the pump's current operating point relative to its optimal efficiency operating point, and / or where,

[0022] The time relationship values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicate the pump's current operating point relative to its optimal efficiency operating point.

[0023] Example 254. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, or the method according to any one of Examples 252 or 253, or the method according to any one of the foregoing examples when subordinate to any one of Examples 201 to 251, further includes the following steps:

[0024] At least one setpoint parameter (U1) is generated based on the phase values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) and / or time relationship values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)). SP U2 SP );in,

[0025] The at least one setpoint parameter (U1) SP U2 SP This includes the rotational speed (U1, f) of the impeller (20). ROT The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP ).

[0026] Example 12 and Example 259. The method according to any one of Examples 252 to 258, wherein,

[0027] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP The pump outlet fluid pressure (Y1, P) at the pump outlet (66) is affected. 54 ) and / or pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q) OUT ), and among them,

[0028] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP )based on

[0029] Expected system transmission traffic (Y10) REF Q OUTSREF ), and based on

[0030] The phase values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) and / or time relationship values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)).

[0031] Example 13 and Example 261. The method according to Example 256 or according to any one of Examples 255 to 260, wherein,

[0032] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the flow rate at the current operating point (205) is lower than the optimal efficiency flow rate point, then

[0033] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP The impeller speed (U1, f) can be adjusted to increase the impeller speed. ROT ).

[0034] Example 14 and Example 262. The method according to Example 256 or according to any one of Examples 255 to 261, wherein,

[0035] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the flow rate at the current operating point (205) is lower than the optimal efficiency flow rate point, then

[0036] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP The impeller speed (U1, f) can be adjusted to increase the impeller speed. ROT ), until the system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10) REF Q OUTSREF ).

[0037] Example 15 and Example 255. The method according to Example 254 when subordinate to any of Examples 252 to 253, wherein,

[0038] The valve device (V) L V H ) including having a first adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VLS A VHS ) flow control valve (V L V H ), used to control the system flow rate (Y10, Q) to the fluid system (52). OUTS ), and among them,

[0039] The at least one setpoint parameter (U1) SP U2 SP ) includes methods for controlling the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VLS A VHS The first valve setpoint value (U2) SP U2A SP ).

[0040] Example 16 and Example 256. The method according to any one of Examples 252 to 255, wherein,

[0041] The valve device (V) L V H ) including having a first adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VLS The first flow control valve (V) LS), used to control the system flow rate (Y10, Q) to the fluid system (52). OUTS ), and among them,

[0042] The valve device (V) L V H ) including those with a second adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VLR The second flow control valve (V) LR ), used to control another flow (Q) R ), such as, for example, reflux (Q R The other flow (Q) R ) from the flow to the fluid system (52), where,

[0043] The at least one setpoint parameter (U1) SP U2 SP ) includes methods for controlling the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VLS ) and / or the second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR The first valve setpoint value (U2SP, U2ASP).

[0044] Example 17 and Example 260. The method according to Example 256 or any one of Examples 255 to 259, wherein,

[0045] The first valve setpoint value (U2SP, U2ASP) is initially set such that the system transmits flow rate (Y10, Q). OUTS The flow rate of the pump outlet fluid (Y2, Q) is equal to the flow rate of the pump outlet fluid. OUT ).

[0046] According to one embodiment, this can be achieved, for example, by simultaneously controlling the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A). VLS ) and the second adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VLR ), to increase the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q) OUT All or almost all of the fluid is directed to the fluid system (52) to achieve this.

[0047] Example 18 and Example 263. The method according to Example 256 or according to any one of Examples 255 to 262, wherein,

[0048] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q) at the current operating point (205), OUT Below the optimal efficiency flow point (Q) OUTBEP ),and

[0049] The system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10)REF Q OUTSREF );but

[0050] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP The impeller speed (U1, f) can be adjusted to increase the impeller speed. ROT For example, until the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the optimal efficiency flow point (Y2). BEP Q OUTBEP ),and

[0051] The first valve setpoint value (U2SP, U2ASP) can be adjusted to increase the other flow rate (Q). R ).

[0052] In this way, for example, a very large pump operating at a speed lower than the BEP flow rate is operated to increase the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q). OUT This advantageously allows the pump to operate at or near the BEP flow rate, a more energy-efficient operating point 205, and the remaining flow rate, i.e., the pump outlet fluid flow rate at the BEP (Y2). BEP Q OUTBEP ) and system transmission flow (Y10, Q) OUTS The difference between ) can be guided as a reflow.

[0053] Example 19 and Example 264. The method according to Example 256 or according to any one of Examples 255 to 263, wherein,

[0054] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the current operating point (205), its pump outlet flow rate (Y2, Q) OUT The pump outlet flow rate is at or near its optimal efficiency point (Y2). BEP Q OUTBEP ),and

[0055] The system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10) REF Q OUTSREF );but

[0056] The first valve setpoint value (U2SP, U2ASP) can be adjusted to minimize or eliminate the other flow (Q). R ).

[0057] This is advantageous in minimizing backflow (Q). R However, when adjusting the first valve setpoint value (U2SP, U2ASP) to minimize or eliminate the other flow (Q)... RThis could result in higher system transport traffic (Y10, Q). OUTS ).

[0058] Example 20 and Example 265. The method according to Example 256 or any one of Examples 255 to 264, wherein,

[0059] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the current operating point (205), its flow rate is at or substantially at the optimal efficiency flow rate point (Y2). BEP Q OUTBEP ) and

[0060] The system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS The system transmission flow rate is higher than expected (Y10) REF Q OUTSREF );but

[0061] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP The impeller speed (U1, f) can be adjusted to reduce the impeller speed. ROT For example, until the system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10) REF Q OUTSREF ).

[0062] Example 21 and Example 266. The method according to any of the foregoing examples or according to Example 254 when subordinate to any of Examples 252 to 253, wherein,

[0063] The valve device (V) L V H This includes a third adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VHS ) flow control valve (V H ), used to control the system flow rate (Y10, Q) to the fluid system (52). OUTS ), and among them,

[0064] The at least one setpoint parameter (U1) SP U2 SP ) includes methods for controlling the third adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VHS The second valve setpoint value (U2) SP U2B SP ).

[0065] Example 22 and Example 267. The method according to Example 266 or according to any one of Examples 255 to 262, wherein,

[0066] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q) at the current operating point (205), OUT ) higher than the optimal efficiency flow point (Q) OUTBEP ),but

[0067] The second valve setpoint value (U2) SP U2B SP The third adjustable cross-sectional area (A) can be adjusted to reduce the cross-sectional area. VHS ).

[0068] It should be noted that the third adjustable cross-sectional area (A) VHS The reduction of ) will lead to a decrease in the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q) OUT ) reduce and pump outlet fluid pressure (Y1, P) 54 Increase. In this way, for example, at a back pressure below BEP (Y1) BEP A pump operating under a back pressure Y1 is operated to increase the pump outlet fluid pressure (Y1, P). 54 This advantageously allows the pump to operate at BEP pressure (Y1). BEP Or operate at a more energy-efficient operating point of 205, close to the BEP pressure, and with residual pressure, i.e., BEP(Y1) BEP Pump outlet fluid pressure (Y1, P) at point ) 54 ) and system transmission head (P 54S The difference between them is reflected in the flow control valve (V) H The pressure difference between the two ends.

[0069] However, it should be noted that the resulting pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q) OUT The reduction of ) may reduce the system transport flow (Y10, Q) to the fluid system (52). OUTS The system transmission flow was lower than expected (Y10). REF Q OUTSREF ).

[0070] Example 23 and Example 268. The method according to Example 256 or according to any one of Examples 255 to 264, wherein,

[0071] When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the current operating point (205), its flow rate is at or substantially at the optimal efficiency flow rate point (Y2). BEP Q OUTBEP ),and

[0072] The system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS The system transmission flow was lower than expected (Y10). REF Q OUTSREF When )

[0073] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP The impeller speed (U1, f) can be adjusted to increase the impeller speed. ROT For example, until the system transmits traffic (Y10, Q) OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10) REF Q OUTSREF ).

[0074] Example 24 and Example 269. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0075] The phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) is the time relationship value (FI, FI(r)).

[0076] Example 25 and Example 271. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0077] The time relationship value (FI, FI(r)) indicates the deviation of the current operating point from the optimal efficiency operating point of the centrifugal pump (10) (FI). DEV ;FI DEV (p+1); 550(p+1)).

[0078] Example 26 and Example 272. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples further includes:

[0079] The user interface displays the at least one setpoint parameter (U1). SP U2 SP U2 ASP U2 BSP This is a suggestion for users.

[0080] Example 27 and Example 274. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, when including Example 254, wherein,

[0081] The at least one setpoint parameter (U1) SP U2 SP U2 ASP U2 BSP Based on the expected time relationship value (FI) REF FI REF (r), X1 REF The desired time relationship value (FI) REF FI REF (r), X1 REF ) indicates the desired pump operating point (205) REF 550 REF X1 REF(r)).

[0082] Example 28 and Example 275. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, when including Example 254, wherein,

[0083] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP Based on the desired impeller speed (U1) REF f ROTREF X3 REF ).

[0084] Example 29 and Example 276. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, when including Example 254, wherein,

[0085] The speed setpoint value (U1) SP f ROTSP Based on the desired impeller speed (U1) REF f ROTREF X3 REF The desired impeller speed (U1) REF f ROTREF X3 REF ) indicates the expected flow rate (Y2) REF Q OUT_REF Q OUTS_REF ) and / or the desired pressure head (Y1) REF P54 REF ).

[0086] Example 30 and Example 277. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0087] Adjust the setpoint value of the first valve (U2) SP U2A SP This occurs during the operation of the pump.

[0088] Example 31 and Example 278. The method according to any one of the foregoing examples, wherein,

[0089] Adjust the setpoint value of the second valve (U2) SP U2B SP This occurs during the operation of the pump.

[0090] Example 32 and Example 257. The method according to any one of Examples 252 to 256, wherein,

[0091] The other flow (Q) OUTR () is a return flow used to return fluid to the inlet side of a fluid storage device or pump (10).

[0092] The aforementioned problems are also addressed by appended claim 50 and example 279. A computer program, loadable into a digital memory of a device (150) having a data processor (350), the computer program comprising computer program code (380, 394, 410) adapted to perform the steps of the method according to any of the foregoing examples when the computer program operates on the data processor.

[0093] Examples 51 and 280. The computer program according to Example 279 is embodied on a computer-readable medium.

[0094] The aforementioned problems are also solved by appended claim 52 and example 281. An apparatus for monitoring and / or operating a centrifugal pump (10) and / or a fluid system (52), the apparatus being configured to perform the method according to any one of the foregoing examples.

[0095] Example 51 and Example 282. The apparatus of claim 281 further includes one or more hardware processors configured to perform the method according to any one of the foregoing examples. Attached Figure Description

[0096] To provide a simple understanding of the present invention, it will be described by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein,

[0097] Figure 1A A schematic side view of a system including a centrifugal pump is shown.

[0098] Figure 1B Another schematic side view of the system, including a centrifugal pump, is shown.

[0099] Figure 2A This is a diagram of centrifugal pump 10.

[0100] Figure 2B It is shown Figure 2A A graph showing the operating points of the pump.

[0101] Figure 2C This is a block diagram showing a centrifugal pump as receiving multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk.

[0102] Figure 2D This is an illustration of an example of centrifugal pump 10.

[0103] Figure 2E This is an illustration of another example of centrifugal pump 10.

[0104] Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of an example of the analysis device 150 shown in Figure 1.

[0105] Figure 4This is a simplified diagram of the program memory 360 and its contents.

[0106] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the analysis apparatus 150.

[0107] Figure 6A This is a diagram of the signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter 330.

[0108] Figure 6B This is a diagram of the sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter 330.

[0109] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating a portion of the state parameter extractor 450.

[0110] Figure 8 is a simplified illustration of an example of memory 460 and its contents.

[0111] Figure 9 This shows the operation. Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating an example of the method for the state parameter extractor 450.

[0112] Figure 10 This shows the execution Figure 9 The flowchart is an example of the method in step S#40.

[0113] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating another example of the method.

[0114] Figure 12 This shows the execution Figure 9 The flowchart is an example of the method in step S#40.

[0115] Figure 13 It is a graph showing a series of position signals that are continuous over time, with each position signal indicating a full revolution of the monitored impeller.

[0116] Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C Another example of a cross-sectional view of the pump during operation is shown.

[0117] Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F This illustrates another aspect of the flow and pressure patterns in the pump.

[0118] Figure 14G yes Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2D , Figure 2E or Figures 14A to 14FAnother illustration of any of the example pumps 10.

[0119] Figure 15A This is a block diagram showing an example of a state parameter extractor 450.

[0120] Figure 15B This is a block diagram illustrating another example of a state parameter extractor.

[0121] Figure 16 This is an illustration of an example of a visual indication of the analysis results.

[0122] Figure 17 and Figure 18 This is another example of a visual indication of the analysis results.

[0123] Figure 19A This is another example of a visual indication of the analysis results relating to the internal condition of centrifugal pump 10.

[0124] Figure 19B , Figure 19C and Figure 19D It is a diagram of a large number of internal status indicators, which are related to pumps with flow rates below BEP and flow rates above BEP.

[0125] Figure 19E This is a diagram of the first time-varying amplitude of fluid pressure pulsations detected in a centrifugal pump with four impeller blades.

[0126] Figure 19F Is it like this? Figure 19E Another illustration of the second time-phase diagram of the fluid pressure pulsation amplitude detected in the same centrifugal pump discussed in the related discussion.

[0127] Figure 20 This is a block diagram of an example of a compensation extractor.

[0128] Figure 21 It is shown Figure 20 A flowchart of an embodiment of the operation method of the compensation extractor.

[0129] Figure 22A , Figure 22B and Figure 22C yes Figure 20 A flowchart of an embodiment of the operation method of the compensation extractor.

[0130] Figure 23 This is a block diagram illustrating another example of a state parameter extractor.

[0131] Figure 24 A pump with an adaptive volute and sensor is shown.

[0132] Figure 25AAnother example system including a pump with an adaptive volute and sensors is shown.

[0133] Figure 25B yes Figure 25A The pump shown is a top-view cross-section.

[0134] Figure 26 A schematic diagram of yet another embodiment of a system including a pump with an adaptive volute and a sensor is shown.

[0135] Figure 27 A schematic block diagram of a distributed process monitoring system is shown.

[0136] Figure 28 A schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of a distributed process monitoring system is shown.

[0137] Figure 29 A schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of a distributed process control system is shown.

[0138] Figure 30A An explanation of the repetitive flow pattern of a centrifugal pump operating at flow rates below the BEP flow rate is shown.

[0139] Figure 30B The diagram shows the tongue, the impeller rotation axis, and the line between the tongue tip and the impeller rotation axis.

[0140] Figure 30C It shows Figure 30B The pump shown is a side view of its BB section.

[0141] Figure 31 A block diagram is shown, illustrating a centrifugal pump as a block that receives multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk and generates multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn.

[0142] Figure 32 A block diagram of the system is shown, including a centrifugal pump shown as a block, which receives multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk and generates multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn.

[0143] Figure 33 A block diagram of the system is shown, including a centrifugal pump shown as a black box, which receives multiple inputs U1, ... Uk and generates multiple outputs Y1, ... Yn.

[0144] Figure 34 Another schematic diagram of a system including a centrifugal pump is shown.

[0145] Figure 35 It shows Figure 34 A schematic general overview of the information that the input / output interface may convey.

[0146] Figure 36AA schematic block diagram of an embodiment of a process monitoring system is shown.

[0147] Figure 36B Showing more details Figure 36A Valve device.

[0148] Figure 37 A graph showing a large number of continuous vector value pairs is presented.

[0149] Figure 38 An example graph showing the generated linear regression results is provided.

[0150] Figure 39 A block diagram of a system for monitoring the internal condition of a pump and providing improved information content to the pump operator is shown.

[0151] Figure 40 A block diagram of a system for monitoring the internal state of a pump and implementing improved control of the pumping process occurring in the pump is shown.

[0152] Figure 41 A graph is shown, illustrating an example of the dependence of the blade's amplitude value on the frequency through which the blade passes.

[0153] Figure 42 A schematic block diagram of yet another example of a process monitoring system is shown.

[0154] Figure 43 An example of a liquid ring pump is shown.

[0155] Figures 44A to 44C The basic operation of a liquid ring pump is shown.

[0156] Figure 45 A circular graph showing velocity vibrations obtained by measuring a specific pump is shown.

[0157] Figure 46 It shows the connection with Figure 45 Polar plot of velocity vibration obtained from pump-related measurements.

[0158] Figure 47 A polar plot of velocity vibrations obtained through measurements related to the pump is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0159] In the following text, similar features in different examples will be indicated by the same reference numerals.

[0160] Figure 1A A system 5 is shown, comprising a centrifugal pump 10 for conveying fluid 30 through a piping system 40 to a fluid material consumer 50. The fluid system coupled to the pump, comprising the piping system 40 and the fluid material consumer 50, is referred to herein as fluid system 52.

[0161] Fluid 30 may include fiber pulp 30A for papermaking production in papermaking machines in the pulp and paper industry, enabling high-speed, high-volume paper production. Fluid material consumer 50 may include head tank 50A, also known as a pressure tank, which aims to maintain a constant head (i.e., constant pressure) of fiber pulp 30A. Fluid material consumer 50 may include a metering valve (not shown) that regulates the flow rate of fluid 30A as it mixes with white water and flows to the head tank 50A and the forming wire, where paper begins to form. The basis weight of the paper is calculated based on the weight per unit area. Producing high-quality paper requires precise control of the metering valve. Fluctuations in paper thickness or basis weight can lead to uneven drying, poor finished product quality, and / or waste, as such fluctuations may require rejecting produced paper. Therefore, a constant flow rate Q, such as that delivered from centrifugal pump 10, is required. OUT In order to produce high-quality paper.

[0162] In the field of fluid dynamics, Bernoulli's principle states that an increase in fluid velocity occurs simultaneously with a decrease in static pressure or a decrease in fluid potential energy. Therefore, when a given amount of fluid flows horizontally from a high-pressure first region 54 to a low-pressure second region 56, the pressure at the latter is greater than the pressure at the former. This creates a net force on the volume, accelerating the flow along the streamline. In the example shown in Figure 1, the piping system 40 that directs fluid 30 from the high-pressure first region 54 to the low-pressure second region 56 includes piping components 58, which may include a filter 58A.

[0163] Bernoulli's principle states that for a vehicle traveling at velocity v from high pressure P... H The first region 54 horizontal flow towards low pressure P L The fluid volume in the second region 56 can be expressed mathematically as follows:

[0164] P + 1 / 2 * D * v * v = constant, (Equation 1)

[0165] in,

[0166] P = Pressure of the fluid material

[0167] D = density of the fluid material

[0168] v = velocity of the fluid material

[0169] Therefore, referring to Figure 1, when the voltage P is high 54 The first region 54 at speed v 54 Horizontal flow to low pressure P 56 When Bernoulli's principle is applied to the fluid volume in the second region 56, the fluid will move at a velocity v in the second region 56. 56 The flow is as shown in Equation 2 below:

[0170] P 54 +1 / 2*D*v 54 *v 54 =P 56 +1 / 2*D*v 56 *v 56 (Equation 2)

[0171] in,

[0172] P 54 = Pressure of fluid material in region 54 of the first zone

[0173] D = density of the fluid material

[0174] V 54 = The velocity of the fluid material flowing in the first region 54

[0175] P 56 =The pressure of the fluid material in the second region 56,

[0176] v 56 = The velocity of the fluid material flowing in the second region 56

[0177] Centrifugal pump controller 240 can be configured to transmit impeller speed setpoint value U1 SP F ROTSP In order to control the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT For use with pump operator 230 (see...) Figure 1A The user interface 250 for input / output is coupled to the regulator 240. According to some embodiments, the set value U1... SP f ROTSP The settings are configured by operator 230 via user interface 250. In this way, operator 230 can operate pump 10.

[0178] Figure 1B Another schematic diagram of a system 325 including a centrifugal pump 10 is shown. Therefore, reference numeral 325 refers to a system including pump 10 having a rotatable impeller 20, as discussed in this document. Figure 1B System 325 may include the above-mentioned related information. Figure 1A and Figure 2A The components described herein and / or in other parts of this document shall be configured.

[0179] exist Figure 1A In the example shown, the pump user input / output interface 250 is coupled to the regulator 240, and the HCI 210 is a separate input / output interface coupled to the analyzer 150 or the monitoring module 150A. Figure 1B The system shown can provide integrated HCI 210, 250, and 210S. Therefore, Figure 1BThe input / output interface 210 can be configured to enable all of the above inputs and / or outputs together with interfaces 210 and 250.

[0180] Figure 2A This is an illustration of an example of a centrifugal pump 10. The pump 10 includes a housing 62 in which a rotatable impeller 20 is disposed, allowing it to rotate about a rotation axis 60. The housing 62 defines a pump inlet 64 for a fluid material 30 and an outlet 66 for the fluid material 30. The housing also defines a volute 75. The volute 75 may be a curved funnel, with its cross-sectional area increasing as the fluid material 30 flowing therein approaches the outlet 66 (also referred to as the discharge port 66).

[0181] The volute 75 of the centrifugal pump 10 is part of the housing and receives fluid 30 pumped by the impeller 20. The impeller 20 has L blades 310 for forcing the fluid material 30 from the pump inlet 64 into the volute 75 as the impeller 20 rotates. The impeller shown in Figure 1 has six blades 310. The blades 310 define a plurality of impeller channels 320 for allowing the fluid material 30 to flow from the pump inlet 64 into the volute 75. In other words, L blades 310 define L impeller channels 320, in Figure 2A In the example shown, the quantity L = 6.

[0182] The housing 62 has an outlet portion 63 that separates a first portion 77 of the volute 75 from a second portion 78 of the volute. The first volute portion 77 has a smaller cross-sectional area, while the second volute portion 78 has a larger cross-sectional area. Figure 2A The pump shown has a volute 65 at its outlet. Figure 2A Example pump 10 sensor 70, 70 78 The pump 10 can be connected to the housing 62 at the second volute section 78 via a larger cross-sectional area near the outlet 66.

[0183] As the fluid moves along the volute, more and more fluid 30 flows out of the rotating impeller passage 320. However, as the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute increases, if the pump's operating speed approaches the pump's design flow rate Q... OUT Then the speed v75 will remain constant. In this way, fluid 30 is forced to flow out of pump outlet 66, resulting in fluid material flowing out of outlet 66 Q. OUT In this case, "the pump's design flow rate Q" OUT "It can also be called traffic Q" OUTBEP This refers to the flow rate at the pump's optimal efficiency point (BEP).

[0184] Pump design flow rate Q OUT This refers to the design flow rate, also known as the design point or design operating point. The design point is often referred to as the Best Efficiency Point (BEP). (See reference) Figure 2AAs the fluid material 30 flows within it and approaches the outlet 66, the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute 75 increases. The volute receives fluid from the impeller passage 320, causing the fluid velocity v within the volute to increase. 75 The velocity v remains constant during operation at the design operating point. This is because as the fluid travels along the volute 75, more and more fluid is received from the impeller passage 320, but due to the increased cross-sectional area of ​​the volute, the velocity v remains constant when the pump is operating at the design operating point. 75 It remains unchanged.

[0185] However, if the pump flow rate is low, the fluid velocity v 75 The velocity decreases along the volute, and the fluid pressure increases along the volute. Conversely, if the pump's flow rate is higher than the design flow rate, the fluid velocity in the volute increases, and the pressure decreases. This is a result of the continuity equation and Bernoulli's principle. It is also a result of the first law of thermodynamics.

[0186] Figure 2B yes Figure 2A A graph showing the flow rate versus pressure at pump operating point 205. (Reference) Figure 2B and Figure 1 and / or Figure 1B The operating point 205 of pump 10 is represented by the intersection of the system curves 209 of specific systems 52, 40, and 50 connected by pump curve 207 and pump outlet 66 (see [link]). Figure 2B and Figure 1A and / or Figure 1B ).

[0187] Pump curve 207 indicates how pump pressure changes with flow rate. In fluid systems 52, 40, and 50 where pressure and flow rate fluctuate over time, system curve 209 changes with the lifespan and operation of system 52. Therefore, the operating point 205 of pump 10 can move along pump curve 207. When the operating point 205 deviates from the optimal efficiency point (BEP), fluid pressure pulsations typically increase.

[0188] Pressure pulsation is a fluctuation in fluid pressure. Centrifugal pumps can cause this pressure pulsation during operation. Some pressure pulsations are fluctuations in fluid pressure generated by the pump at pump outlet 66. Therefore, the fluid 30 flowing out of pump outlet 66 may exhibit pressure pulsations P. FP Fluid material flow rate Q OUT (see Figure 2A Fluid pressure pulsation P FP repetition frequency f R Depends on the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT .

[0189] refer to Figure 2A Sensor 70 can be configured to generate pressure pulsations P that depend on the fluid material. FPMeasurement signal S FP S EA S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q). Sensor 70 can be configured to generate pressure pulsations P in the fluid material caused by pump operation. FP Measurement signal S FP S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q). (Reference) Figure 2A Sensor 70 can be mounted on housing 62. Alternatively, the sensor can be mounted on a pipe or fluid conduit for delivering pumped fluid from pump outlet 66.

[0190] For example, sensor 70 may be embodied in an accelerometer. Examples of accelerometers include microelectromechanical systems (MEMS). Therefore, sensor 70 may include a semiconductor silicon substrate configured as a MEMS accelerometer.

[0191] Sensor 70 may also be embodied as a piezoelectric accelerometer. Alternatively, sensor 70 may also be embodied as a piezoresistive sensor 70. Piezoresistive sensor 70 can be used as a strain gauge configured to measure stress. Piezoresistive sensor 70 may include a piezoresistive material configured to deform when a force is applied thereto, the deformation causing a change in the sensor's resistance.

[0192] Another example of sensor 70 is a speed sensor. Speed ​​sensor 70 includes a coil and magnet arrangement configured to measure speed.

[0193] Alternatively, sensor 70 can be a strain gauge. Therefore, strain gauge 70 can be attached to pump housing 62 or pump outlet pipe 54 to generate indications of fluid pressure pulsations P. FP The measurement signal. The strain gauge can be configured to be based on the fluid pressure pulsation P of the pump housing 62 or the pump outlet pipe 54. FP The resulting deformation generates the measurement signal. It should be noted that a strain gauge is a device that can be used to measure strain on an object (such as pipe 54 or pump casing 62). An example of strain gauge 70 includes a conductive foil forming a conductor having a resistance that changes as the conductor elongates or contracts. Therefore, the inventors realized that fluid pressure pulsations P... FP This could cause deformation of the pump housing 62 or the pump outlet pipe 54. This deformation results in a detectable change in resistance, used to generate an indication of fluid pressure pulsation P. FP The measurement signal. Changes in resistance can be measured using a Wheatstone bridge. In this regard, it should be noted that there is a quantity called the strain coefficient between the change in resistance and the strain.

[0194] According to another example, sensor 70 can be a pressure sensor 70, used to detect fluid pressure pulsations P in fluid 30. FP A measurement signal is generated. A pressure sensor can be mounted to detect fluid pressure pulsations P in the fluid material 30. FP For example, pressure sensor 70 can be made by... This is achieved using the 121A41 commercial sensor sold by the pressure sensor brand.

[0195] Therefore, in the method described in this disclosure, a measurement signal S indicating fluid pressure pulsation can be generated by the following: FP S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q):

[0196] Vibration sensor generation, configured to be based on vibration V displayed by the pump. FP Generate the measurement signal; and / or

[0197] The strain gauge is configured to be based on the pump housing 62 or the pump outlet pipe 54 to receive fluid pressure pulsations P FP The resulting deformation generates the measurement signal; and / or

[0198] A pressure sensor is configured to detect fluid pressure pulsations P in the fluid material 30. FP P 54 .

[0199] The pump may also be equipped with a position sensor 170 for generating position signals EP, PS, P(i), P(j), and P(q) indicating the rotational position of the impeller 20 relative to the housing 62. For example... Figure 2A As shown, a position marking device 180 associated with the impeller 20 can be provided. When the impeller 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once for each rotation of the impeller, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value PS.

[0200] Although Figure 2A A single position marker 180 is shown that can be associated with the impeller 20, and the position marker 180 causes the position sensor 170 to generate a revolution marker signal value P for each revolution. S However, it should be noted that more than one position signal value P can be generated for each revolution. S P C For example, by providing one or more position markers 180 associated with the impeller 20, one or more position signal values ​​PS, P can be generated per revolution. C .

[0201] Alternatively, the position signal value P S P C The position sensor 170 can be generated by encoder 170, which is mechanically coupled to the rotary pump impeller 20. Therefore, the position sensor 170 can be represented by encoder 170, which is mechanically coupled to the rotary pump impeller 20. Thus, during the rotation of the impeller 20, the encoder generates, for example, a marker signal P for each blade 310 in the rotating impeller 20. S In this way, encoder 170 can transmit L marker signals P for each revolution of impeller 20. S .

[0202] Alternatively, the position sensor 170 used to generate position signals EP, PS, P(i), P(j), P(q) may include, for example, a light source 170, such as a laser, which is combined with a photodetector 170, which is combined with a position marking device 180 in the form of a reflective strip 180 on a rotating component.

[0203] Alternatively, the position sensor 170 used to generate position signals EP, PS, P(i), P(j), P(q) may include a sensing probe 170 configured to detect the presence of a metallic or magnetic component 180 on the rotating shaft. The metallic or magnetic component 180 may be embodied, for example, by a bolt or wedge. The advantage of the sensing probe 170 position detector is its effective operation even in dirty environments. Another example of the arrangement of the position sensor 170 and the position marking device 180 includes a Hall effect sensor 170, which works in conjunction with a magnet 180 mounted on the rotating component. The advantage of the Hall effect sensor 170 is its insensitivity to dust and dirt.

[0204] Regarding the physical location of the position sensor 170 and the position marking device 180, the following points can be considered:

[0205] When there is a risk of torsional motion on the rotating shaft, for example, if the shaft is too weak compared to the torque, it is best to install the position marking device 180 as close as possible to the impeller 20 to avoid the torsional motion from adversely affecting the measurement.

[0206] Although the above example involves pulp, the fluid pumped by pump 10 can be any fluid material 30. Fluid material 30 can be water. The density of water is approximately 997 kg per cubic meter. Sometimes, the fluid to be pumped includes fragments of solid material. For example, fluid material 30 can include a mixture of water and solids with a density greater than water, such as sand or gravel, also known as slurry.

[0207] Slurry is a mixture of solids with a density greater than water suspended in a liquid. The density of solid materials may differ from that of water. Furthermore, the compressibility of fluid materials 30 may sometimes differ from that of water.

[0208] Fluid material 30 can also be oil.

[0209] Table 1 provides some examples of fluid and solid materials that can be suspended in fluid 30. Table 1 also provides some material properties, including density.

[0210]

[0211] Table 1

[0212] The outlet of centrifugal pump 10 may include or be coupled to filter 58 (see Figure 1 and 2010). Figure 2A ).

[0213] High efficiency is desired in the pumping process. One aspect of pumping efficiency is the amount of pulsation in the flowing material 30 leaving the pump 10. Therefore, it is desirable to achieve a flow rate Q of the fluid material exiting the pump. OUT Maximum, while minimizing pulsation in the pumped fluid.

[0214] The efficiency of the pumping process in centrifugal pump 10 depends on multiple variables that affect the internal state of centrifugal pump 10. One variable affecting the efficiency of the pumping process in centrifugal pump 10 is the operating point of centrifugal pump 10. Therefore, it is desirable to control the operating point to achieve an optimal pumping process.

[0215] Therefore, in order to maximize the amount of material output by centrifugal pump 10, it is desirable to maintain the optimal state of the centrifugal pump process.

[0216] In this case, it should be noted that when the centrifugal pump 10 is operating far from the BEP, the power consumption per unit pumping volume of the centrifugal pump will increase.

[0217] Another variable affecting the pumping efficiency of centrifugal pump 10 is system pressure, also known as back pressure. System back pressure can change, for example, if there is a valve in the flow path of piping system 40 (see Figure 1). Alternatively, when piping system 40 includes filter 58, the system back pressure will also change, as the filter may become clogged to varying degrees. Clogging of filter 58 may be due to particulate matter clogging the filter, gradually reducing the effective flow area across the cross-section of filter 58. Therefore, increased clogging leads to a decrease in the effective flow area, which in turn leads to an increase in the pressure drop across filter 58.

[0218] In this regard, it should be noted that because the composition of certain fluid materials 30 (such as slurry or pulp) may change over time, some fluids 30 (such as slurry or pulp) may exhibit characteristics that are not constant over time. Changes in the characteristics of the fluid materials 30 may affect the pumping efficiency of the centrifugal pump 10. Therefore, the efficiency of the pumping process may vary over time.

[0219] refer to Figure 1A and Figure 1B System 5,325 may include a control room 220, allowing pump operator 230 to operate centrifugal pump 10. Analysis device 150 may be configured to generate information indicating the internal state of centrifugal pump 10. Analysis device 150 also includes a human-machine interface (HCI) 210 for user input and output. HCI 210 may include a display or screen 210S for providing visual indications of analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump process so that operator 230 can control the centrifugal pump.

[0220] Centrifugal pump controller 240 can be configured to transmit impeller speed setpoint value U1 SP f ROTSP In order to control the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT According to some embodiments, the set value U1 SP f ROTSP Set by operator 230.

[0221] exist Figure 1A In the example shown, the pump user input / output interface 250 is coupled to the regulator 240, and the HCI 210 is coupled to the analysis device 150 or monitoring module 150A, which is configured to generate information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump 10. Therefore, when Figure 1A As shown, when coupled only to the monitoring module 150A, the HCI 210 can be advantageously added to the control room 220 without modifying any existing input / output interface 250 and regulator 240 used by the pump operator 230 to operate the centrifugal pump 10.

[0222] One objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe an improved method and system for monitoring the internal state X of centrifugal pump 10 during operation. Another objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe an improved method and system for controlling the internal state X of centrifugal pump 10 during operation. Furthermore, one objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe an improved human-machine interface (HCI) method and system related to conveying useful information about the internal state X of the centrifugal pump during operation. Another objective of this document is to describe an improved graphical user interface method and system related to the pumping process in centrifugal pump 10.

[0223] When pump 10 is coupled to fluid system 52, certain aspects of fluid system 52 may be affected by the internal state X of the pump. For example, if the flow rate of the fluid delivered by the pump pulsates, this pulsation may cause resonance in a component of fluid system 52. According to some examples, certain aspects of fluid system 52 can be measured or estimated using parameters Y1, Y2, Y3...Yn, which describe these aspects of fluid system 52.

[0224] Therefore, one of the objectives of some of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe methods and systems for improved control of parameters Y1, Y2, Y3...Yn related to fluid system 52.

[0225] Another objective of the solutions and examples disclosed in this document is to describe improved methods and systems for human-machine interfaces (HCIs) relating to useful information about parameters Y1, Y2, Y3...Yn related to the fluid system 52 during the operation of the centrifugal pump 10.

[0226] In this regard, the solutions and examples disclosed in this document can also achieve the purpose of conveying useful information about parameters Y1, Y2, Y3...Yn related to the fluid system 52 during the operation of the centrifugal pump 10, as well as useful information about the corresponding internal state X during the operation of the centrifugal pump 10.

[0227] Figure 2C This is a block diagram showing a centrifugal pump as block 10B. The centrifugal pump receives multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk, causing the pump to have an internal state X. The internal state X of the pump can be described or represented by multiple internal state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer. A single internal state parameter (such as X1, X2, X3, or Xm) can be a value indicating one aspect of the internal state X of the pump 10.

[0228] Similarly, one or more aspects Y of the system 52 coupled to pump 10 can also be monitored. Therefore, the system 52 coupled to receive fluid from pump 10 can display the system state Y, which can be described by multiple parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, where the index n is a positive integer. Thus, the output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn indicate the state in the fluid system 52 (see...). Figure 2C and for example Figure 1A A single output parameter (such as Y1, Y2, Y3, or Yn) can be a value that indicates one aspect of the state Y of the fluid system.

[0229] refer to Figure 2CIt should be noted that, for ease of analysis, centrifugal pump 10 can be regarded as box 10B, which has multiple input variables, referred to as input parameters U1, U2, U3, ... Uk, where the index k is a positive integer.

[0230] In linear algebra terminology, the input variables U1, U2, U3...Uk can be collectively referred to as the input vector U; the internal state parameters X1, X2, X3...Xm can be collectively referred to as the internal state vector X; and the output parameters Y1, Y2, Y3...Yn can be collectively referred to as the output vector Y.

[0231] The internal state X of pump 10 can be referred to as X(r) at a time point called r. This internal state X(r) can be described or indicated by a number of parameter values ​​that define different aspects of the internal state X(r) of pump 10 at time r.

[0232] The internal state X(r) of the black-framed centrifugal pump 10B depends on the input vector U(r), while the output vector Y(r) depends on the internal state vector X(r).

[0233] Therefore, during the operation of pump 10, the internal state X can be regarded as a function of the input U:

[0234] X = f1(U), where,

[0235] X represents the internal state of pump 10; and

[0236] U represents the input vector of pump 10.

[0237] Similarly, the output Y of black box 10B can also be regarded as a function of the internal state X:

[0238] Y = f2(X)

[0239] Figure 2D This is an illustration of an example of centrifugal pump 10. Figure 2D Pump 10 in the above context may include the relevant information mentioned above. Figure 1A and Figure 2A The components described and / or those described in other parts of this document are configured. However, Figure 2D Examples of centrifugal pump 10 may include sensors 70, 70 77 It is connected to the housing 62 at the first volute portion 77 through a narrow cross-sectional area near the volute tongue 65.

[0240] therefore, Figure 2A The example pump's sensor 7078 is connected to the housing 62 at the second volute portion 78 via a larger cross-sectional area near the pump outlet, while Figure 2D Example pump sensor 70 77It is also connected to the housing 62 at the first volute portion 77 via a narrower cross-sectional area near the volute tongue 65. Alternatively, the sensor 70 is connected to the housing 62 at the first volute portion 77. 77 Replace sensor 70 77 .

[0241] One or more sensors 70 can be placed to detect fluid pressure pulsations P FP The resulting vibration, the pressure pulsation, depends on the rotational speed f of the impeller 20. ROT .

[0242] Figure 2E This is an illustration of another example of centrifugal pump 10. Figure 2E The pump has a housing that includes a plurality of fixed blades 312 located between the volute 75 and the impeller 20.

[0243] Figure 3 This is a schematic block diagram of an example of the analysis device 150 shown in Figure 1. The analysis device 150 has features for receiving analog vibration signals S from the vibration sensor 70. EA Input terminal 140. Input terminal 140 is connected to analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f. S For the received analog vibration signal S EA Sampling is performed in order to transmit data at the specified sampling frequency f. S Digital measurement data signal S MD The amplitude of the sample value transmitted by the A / D converter 330 depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling time. The digital measurement data signal S is transmitted at the digital output terminal 340 coupled to the data processing device 350. MD .

[0244] refer to Figure 3The data processing device 350 is coupled to a computer-readable medium 360 for storing program code. The computer-readable medium 360 may also be referred to as memory 360. The program memory 360 is preferably non-volatile memory. The memory 360 may be a read / write memory, i.e., capable of reading data from the memory and writing new data to the memory 360. According to one example, the program memory 360 is embodied in flash memory. The program memory 360 may include a first memory segment 370 for storing a first set of program code 380, which is executable to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. The program memory 360 may also include a second memory segment 390 for storing a second set of program code 394. The second set of program code in the second memory segment 390 may include program code for causing the analysis device 150 to process detection signals. Signal processing may include processing for generating information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Furthermore, signal processing may include control of the internal state of the centrifugal pump, as discussed elsewhere in this document. Therefore, signal processing may include generating data indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump, such as in conjunction with, for example... Figure 5 Figure 15 and / or Figure 24 The embodiment of the state parameter extractor 450 is disclosed.

[0245] The memory 360 may further include a third memory segment 400 for storing a third set of program code 410. The program code 410 in the third memory segment 400 may include program code for causing the analysis device to perform a selected analysis function. When the analysis function is performed, the analysis device may present the corresponding analysis results on the user interface 210, 210S, or transmit the analysis results on the port 420.

[0246] The data processing device 350 is also coupled to a read / write memory 430 for data storage. Therefore, the analysis device 150 includes a data processor 350 and program code for causing the data processor 350 to perform certain functions, including digital signal processing functions. When it is stated in this document that the device 150 performs a function or method, that statement may mean that a computer program runs in the data processing device 350 to cause the device 150 to perform the methods or functions described in this document.

[0247] Processor 350 may be a digital signal processor (DSP). DSP 350 may also be referred to as a DSP. Alternatively, processor 350 may be a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Therefore, a computer program can be executed by the FPGA. Alternatively, processor 350 may include a combination of a processor and an FPGA. Therefore, the processor can be configured to control the operation of the FPGA.

[0248] Figure 4 This is a simplified illustration of the program memory 360 and its contents. The simplified illustration is intended to convey an understanding of the general idea of ​​storing different program functions in memory 360, and is not necessarily a correct technical instruction on how programs will be stored in actual memory circuitry. The first memory segment 370 stores program code used to control the analysis device 150 to perform basic operations. Although... Figure 4 The simplified illustration shows the pseudocode, but it should be understood that the program code can be machine code or can be generated by data processing device 350 ( Figure 3 Any level of program code that is executed or interpreted.

[0249] Figure 4 The second memory segment 390 shown stores a second set of program code 394. When run on the data processing device 350, the program code 394 in segment 390 will cause the analysis device 150 to perform functions, such as digital signal processing functions. These functions may include digital measurement data signals S MD Advanced mathematical processing.

[0250] It can be obtained from server computer 830 (see Figure 27 and or Figure 29 Download the computer program used to control the functions of the analysis device 150. This means that the computer program can be downloaded via the communication network 810 (see...). Figure 27 and or Figure 29 The program to be downloaded is transmitted. This can be achieved by carrying the program over the communication network 810 via a modulated carrier wave. Therefore, the downloaded program can be loaded into a digital memory, such as memory 360 (see...). Figure 3 and Figure 4 Therefore, program 380 and / or signal processing program 394 and / or analysis function program 410 can be transmitted via, for example, port 420 (Figure 1 and...). Figure 3 ) or port 920 (see Figure 27 ) or port 800B (see Figure 27 ) or port (see Figure 27 The communication port receives the data so that it can be loaded into the program memory 360.

[0251] Therefore, this document also relates to a computer program product, such as program code 380 and / or program code 394 and / or program code 410, which can be loaded into the digital memory of a device (such as memory 360 (see...)). Figure 3 and Figure 4The computer program product includes software code portions that, when run on the data processing unit 350 of the device 150, are used to perform signal processing methods and / or analysis functions. The term "running on the data processing unit" means that the computer program, together with the data processing device 350, performs the methods described in this document.

[0252] The phrase "computer program product loadable into the digital memory of the analysis device" means that a computer program can be incorporated into the digital memory of the analysis device 150 to enable the analysis device 150 to be programmed to perform or be adapted to perform the methods described herein. The term "loaded into the digital memory of the device" means that a device programmed in this way is capable of or adapted to perform the functions and / or methods described herein. The aforementioned computer program product can also be programs 380, 394, 410 loadable onto a computer-readable medium (such as an optical disc or DVD). Such a computer-readable medium can be used to transmit programs 380, 394, 410 to a client. Alternatively, as described above, the computer program product may include a carrier wave, which is modulated to carry the computer program 380, 394, 410 over a communication network. Therefore, computer programs 380, 394, 410 can be downloaded from a vendor server to a client having the analysis device 150 via the Internet.

[0253] Figure 5 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of the analysis apparatus 150. Figure 5 In the example, some function blocks represent hardware, and some function blocks can represent hardware, or they can represent functions implemented by running program code on the data processing device 350, such as in combination. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The subject of discussion.

[0254] Figure 5 The device 150 in the figure is shown in Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 An example of the analysis device 150 shown. For simplicity of understanding, Figure 5 Some peripheral devices coupled to the device 150 are also shown. The vibration sensor 70 is coupled to the input 140 of the analysis device 150 to convert the analog measurement signal S... EA (also known as vibration signal S) EA It is transmitted to the analysis device 150.

[0255] Furthermore, position sensor 170 is coupled to second input terminal 160. Therefore, position sensor 170 transmits a position signal Ep, which depends on the rotational position of impeller 20, to second input terminal 160 of analysis device 150.

[0256] Input terminal 140 is connected to analog-to-digital (A / D) converter 330. A / D converter 330 operates at a specific sampling frequency f. S For the received analog vibration signal S EA Sampling is performed in order to transmit data at a specific sampling frequency f. S Digital measurement data signal S MD Furthermore, the amplitude of each sample depends on the amplitude of the analog signal received at the sampling time. Digital measurement data signal S is transmitted to the digital output terminal 340. MD The digital output is coupled to the data processing unit 350. The data processing unit 350 includes function blocks indicating the functions performed. In terms of hardware, the data processing unit 350 may include a data processor 350, a program memory 360, and a read / write memory 430, as described above. Figure 3 and Figure 4 As described. Therefore. Figure 5 The analysis device 150 may include a data processing unit 350 and program code for causing the analysis device 150 to perform certain functions.

[0257] Digital measurement data signal S MD It is processed in parallel with the position signal Ep. Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to sample the analog vibration signal S. EA Simultaneously sample the position signal Ep. The position signal Ep can be sampled using the same sampling frequency f. S To execute in order to generate digital position signal E PD The amplitude of each sample P(i) depends on the amplitude of the received analog position signal Ep at the sampling time.

[0258] As described above, the analog position signal Ep can have a marker signal value P. S For example, in the form of an electrical pulse, the marker signal value has an amplitude edge that can be accurately detected and indicates a specific rotational position of the monitored impeller 20. Therefore, although the analog position marker signal P... S It has amplitude edges that can be accurately detected, but the digital position signal E PD The value will switch from the first value (e.g., "0" (zero)) to the second value (e.g., "1" (one)) at different times.

[0259] Therefore, the A / D converter 330 can be configured to transmit a sequence of measurement pairs S(i) associated with the corresponding position signal value P(i). The letter "i" in S(i) and P(i) represents a time point, i.e., a sample number. Thus, by analyzing the time series of the position signal value P(i), the indicative digital position signal E can be identified. PDThe timing of the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating impeller 20 is detected by a sample P(i) that has switched from a first value (e.g., "0" (zero)) to a second value (e.g., "1" (one)).

[0260] Figure 6A This is a diagram of the signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter 330.

[0261] Figure 6B This is a diagram illustrating the sequence of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) transmitted by the A / D converter 330. The first signal pair includes a first vibration signal amplitude value S(n) associated with sampling time "n", which is transmitted simultaneously with a first position signal value P(n) and associated with sampling time "n". This is followed by a second signal pair, which includes a second vibration signal amplitude value S(n+1) associated with sampling time "n+1", which is transmitted simultaneously with a second position signal value P(n+1) associated with sampling time "n+1", and so on.

[0262] refer to Figure 5 The signal pairs S(i) and P(i) are transmitted to the state parameter extractor 450. Figure 5 Example state parameter extractor 450 is configured to detect event signatures and / or generate amplitude peaks S based on time series measurements of sample values ​​S(i). P (r).

[0263] The state parameter extractor 450 is also configured to be based on the peak amplitude S P The time duration (T) between the occurrence time of (r) and the occurrence time of the rotational reference position of the rotating impeller. D To generate the time relationship value R T (j), also known as R T (r) or X1(r) or FI(r). As mentioned above, the digital position signal E can be identified by analyzing the time series of the position signal value P(i). PD The timing of the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating impeller has been detected by switching from a first value (e.g., "0" (zero)) to a second value (e.g., "1" (one)).

[0264] Based on an example, Figure 5The state parameter extractor 450 is configured to generate data, for example in the form of parameters X1; X2; X3; X4, indicating the instantaneous internal operating state X of pump 10 during pump 10 operation. This data (e.g., in the form of parameters X1; X2; X3; X4) can also indicate the instantaneous state X of the pumping process. The state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate pump internal state data X1; X2; X3; X4 in response to a time series of a first measurement signal sample value Se(i) and a time series of a reference position signal sample value P(i).

[0265] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to detect an event signature Sp in the time series of the measured signal sample value Se(i), wherein the event signature repeats L times per revolution of the impeller when the number L of blades 310 on the impeller of pump 10 is greater than one, such that the detected repeated event signature Sp indicates a fluid material pressure pulsation P generated when the blades 310 interact with the fluid material 30 in the volute 75 of pump 10. FP .

[0266] The detection of recurring event signatures Sp can include identifying the relevant time series of the measured signal sample value Se(i) based on the temporal relationship between the time series of the measured signal sample value Se(i) and the time series of the reference signal sample value P(i). According to one example, the time series of the position signal sample value P(i) indicates a specific number L of stationary reference positions Ps, Pc, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7, P8, P9, P1, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P1, P6 ... L Ps, Pc, 1, 1C; the specific quantity L is equal to the number of blades 310 on the impeller of pump 10.

[0267] Therefore, a repeating event signature can be an indication of fluid pulsation P FP The peak amplitude value Sp of the amplitude. The peak amplitude value Sp can be used as a parameter value X2, which indicates one aspect of the instantaneous internal operating state X of pump 10 during pump 10 operation, and / or indicates one aspect of the instantaneous state X of the pumping process.

[0268] Figure 7 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of a state parameter extractor 450. According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 includes a memory 460. The state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to receive a sequence of measurement values ​​S(i) and a sequence of position signals P(i) and the temporal relationship between them, and the state parameter extractor 450 is adapted to provide time-coupled values ​​S(i), f ROT The sequence of (i) and P(i). Therefore, a single measurement value S(i) corresponds to the velocity value f. ROT (i) Related, velocity value f ROT(i) indicates the rotational speed of the impeller 20 when a single associated measurement S(i) is detected. An example of how this is achieved will be shown below with reference to Figures 8 to 9. Figure 13 Detailed description.

[0269] Figure 8 is a simplified illustration of an example of memory 460 and its contents, and columns #01, #02, #03, #04 and #05 on the left side of the memory 460 illustration provide illustrative images intended to show the temporal relationship between the detection time of the encoder pulse signal P(i) (see column #02) and the corresponding vibration measurement value S(i) (see column #03).

[0270] As described above, the analog-to-digital converter 330 operates at an initial sampling frequency f S For analog electrical measurement signal S EA Sampling is performed to generate a digital measurement data signal S MD It can also have essentially the same initial time resolution f. S The encoder signal P is detected, as shown in column #02 of Figure 8.

[0271] Column #01 shows the time progression as a series of time slots, each time slot having a duration dt = 1 / f Sample ; where f Sample It is related to the analog electrical measurement signal S EA The initial sampling frequency f for sampling S Sampling frequencies that have an integer relationship. According to a preferred example, the sampling frequency f... Sample It is the initial sampling frequency f S According to another example, the sampling frequency f Sample The first reduced sampling frequency f SR1 , with the initial sampling frequency f S In comparison, it reduces M by an integer multiple.

[0272] In column #02 of Figure 8, each positive edge of the encoder signal P is represented by a "1". In this example, positive edges of the encoder signal P are detected in slots 3, 45, 78, and 98, as shown in column #02. According to another example, negative edges of the position signal are detected, which provides an equivalent result to detecting positive edges. According to yet another example, both positive and negative edges of the position signal are detected to obtain redundancy by allowing for later selection of whether to use positive or negative edges.

[0273] Column #03 shows the sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(i). Column #05 shows the corresponding sequence of vibration sample values ​​S(j) when integer decimation is performed. Therefore, when integer decimation is performed by this level, it can be set, for example, to provide an integer decimation factor M = 10, and as shown in Figure 8, a vibration sample value S(j) will be provided for every ten samples S(i) (see column #03 in Figure 8) (see column #05 in Figure 8). According to one example, very precise position and time information PT associated with the decimated vibration sample value S(j) is maintained by setting the PositionTime signal in column #04 to the value PT = 3, so as to indicate the detection of a positive edge in time slot #03 (see column #02). Therefore, the value of the PositionTime signal after integer decimation indicates the detection time of the position signal edge P relative to the sample value S(1).

[0274] In the example in Figure 8, the amplitude value of the position time signal at sample i=3 is PT=3, and because of the decimation factor M=10, sample S(1) is transmitted in time slot 10, which means that the edge is detected in M-PT=10-3=7 time slots before the time slot of sample S(1).

[0275] Therefore, the device 150 can operate to process information about the positive edges of the encoder signal P(i) in parallel with the vibration sample S(i), so as to establish the velocity value f from the detection of the analog signal. ROT The above signal processing maintains the time relationship between the positive edge of the encoder signal P(i) and the corresponding vibration sample value S(i) and / or the integer extracted vibration sample value S(j).

[0276] Figure 9 This shows the operation. Figure 7 A flowchart illustrating an example of the method for the state parameter extractor 450.

[0277] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 analyzes (step S#10) the temporal relationship between three consecutively received position signals to determine whether the monitored rotating impeller 20 is in a constant speed phase or an acceleration phase. As mentioned above, this analysis can be performed based on information in memory 460 (see Figure 8).

[0278] If the analysis shows that there are the same number of time slots between the position signals, the state parameter extractor 450 determines (in step #20) that the speed is constant, and in this case, proceeds to step S#30.

[0279] In step S#30, the state parameter extractor 450 can calculate the duration between two consecutive position signals by multiplying the duration of time slot dt = 1 / fs by the number of time slots between the two consecutive position signals. When the monitored impeller 20 provides one position signal per full revolution, the rotational speed can be calculated as follows:

[0280] V = 1 / (n diff *dt),

[0281] Where, n diff = The number of time slots between two consecutive position signals.

[0282] During the constant velocity phase, all sample values ​​S(j) associated with the position signals of the three analyses (see column #05 in Figure 8) can be assigned the same velocity value f. ROT =V=1 / (n diff *dt), as described above. Thereafter, step S#10 can be performed again for the next three consecutively received position signals. Alternatively, when repeating step S#10, the previous third position signal P3 will be used as the first position signal P1 (i.e., P1 := P3) to determine whether the speed is about to change.

[0283] If the analysis (step S#10) shows that the number of time slots between the first and second position signals is different from the number of time slots between the second and third position signals, then the state parameter extractor 450 determines (in step S#20) that the monitored rotating impeller 20 is in an acceleration phase. Acceleration can be positive, i.e., an increase in rotational speed, or negative, i.e., a decrease in rotational speed, also known as deceleration.

[0284] In the next step S#40, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​during the acceleration phase and associates each measured data value S(j) with an instantaneous velocity value Vp, which indicates the detection of a sensor signal (Sj) corresponding to that data value S(j). EA The value is the rotational speed of the impeller being monitored.

[0285] According to one example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​through linear interpolation. According to another example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish instantaneous velocity values ​​through nonlinear interpolation.

[0286] Figure 10 This shows the execution Figure 9 The flowchart illustrates an example of the method in step S#40. According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P (see column #02 in Figure 8). Therefore, when

[0287] ●The position indicator P is transmitted once for each revolution, and

[0288] ●If the gear ratio is 1 / 1: then

[0289] - The angular distance that the rotating impeller 20 travels between two adjacent position indicators P is one (1) revolution, which can also be expressed as 360 degrees, and

[0290] - Duration is T=n diff *dt,

[0291] ■wherein, n diff It is the number of time slots for the duration dt between two adjacent position indicators P.

[0292] Referring to Figure 8, the first position indicator P is detected in time slot i1 = #03, and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i2 = #45. Therefore, the duration is n. diff1 =i2-i1=45-3=42 time slots.

[0293] Therefore, in step S#60 (see...) Figure 10 (As shown in Figure 8), the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a first time slot number n between the initial two consecutive position signals P1 and P2, i.e., between position signal P (i = 3) and position signal P (i = 45). diff1 .

[0294] In step S#70, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the first rotational speed value VT1. The first rotational speed value VT1 can be calculated as follows:

[0295] VT1=1 / (n diff1 *dt),

[0296] VT1 is a speed expressed in revolutions per second.

[0297] n diff1 = The number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0298] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds.

[0299] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the intermediate time slot between the two consecutive position signals (step S#80).

[0300] Therefore, in this example, where, in time slot i P1 =In #03, the first position indicator P1 was detected, and in time slot i P2=The next position indicator P2 was detected in #45; the first intermediate time slot is

[0301] Time slot i P1-2 =i P1 +(i P2 -i P1 ) / 2=3+(45-3) / 2=3+21)=24.

[0302] Therefore, in step S#80, the first rotational speed value VT1 can be assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i = 24), which represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the second position signal edge P (i = 45) is detected, see Figure 8.

[0303] Assigning velocity values ​​retrospectively to time slots representing time points between two consecutive position signals advantageously leads to significant improvements because the inaccuracy of the velocity values ​​is significantly reduced, such as... Figure 13 As explained, while existing methods for obtaining the instantaneous speed of the centrifugal pump impeller 20 may be satisfactory for establishing a constant speed value at several different speeds, the existing solution appears unsatisfactory when used to establish the speed value of the rotating centrifugal pump impeller 20 during the acceleration phase. In this regard, it should be noted that the impeller speed can be affected by changes in fluid pressure within the fluid system.

[0304] In contrast, the method described in the example in the document enables the establishment of speed values ​​with a favorable small degree of inaccuracy, even during the acceleration phase.

[0305] In the subsequent step S#90, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a second time slot number n between the next two consecutive position signals. diff2 In the example in Figure 8, this is the number of time slots n between time slot 45 and time slot 78. diff2 That is, n diff2 =78-45=33.

[0306] In step S#100, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to calculate the second speed value VT2. The second speed value VT2 can be calculated as:

[0307] VT2 = Vp61 = 1 / (n di f f2 *dt),

[0308] Where, n diff2 = The number of time slots between the next two consecutive position signals P2 and P3. Therefore, in the example in Figure 8, n diff2 =33, which is the number of time slots between time slot 45 and time slot 78.

[0309] Since it can be assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned (step S#110) to the intermediate time slot between the two consecutive position signals.

[0310] Therefore, in the example of Figure 8, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61 because 45 + (78 - 45) / 2 = 61.5. Thus, the velocity at time slot 61 is set as follows:

[0311] V(61): = VT2.

[0312] Therefore, in this example, where a position indicator P is detected in time slot i2 = #45 and the next position indicator P is detected in time slot i3 = #78; the second intermediate time slot is the integer part of the following:

[0313] i P2-3 =i P2 +(i P3 -i P2 ) / 2 = 45 + (78 - 45) / 2 = 45 + 33 / 2 = 61.5

[0314] Therefore, time slot 61 is the second intermediate time slot i P2-3 .

[0315] Therefore, in step S#110, the second speed value VT2 can be advantageously assigned to a time slot (e.g., time slot i = 61), which represents a time point earlier than the time point at which the edge P (i = 78) of the third position signal is detected, see Figure 8. This feature enables real-time monitoring of the rotational speed with a slight delay, while simultaneously improving the accuracy of the detection speed.

[0316] In the next step S#120, the first acceleration value for the relevant time period is calculated. The first acceleration value can be calculated as:

[0317] a12=(VT2-VT1) / ((i VT2 -i VT1 )*dt)

[0318] In the example in Figure 8, the second velocity value VT2 is assigned to time slot 61, therefore i VT2 =61, and the first velocity value VT1 is assigned to time slot 24, therefore i VT1 =24.

[0319] Therefore, since dt = 1 / fs, the acceleration value can be set as:

[0320] a12=fs*(VT2-VT1) / (i VT2 -i VT1)

[0321] The time period used between time slot 24 and time slot 60, as shown in the example in Figure 8.

[0322] In the next step S#130, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to associate the established first acceleration value a11 with the valid time slots of the established acceleration value a12. This can be all time slots between the time slot of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slot of the second velocity value VT2. Therefore, the established first acceleration value a12 can be associated with each time slot of the duration between the time slot of the first velocity value VT1 and the time slot of the second velocity value VT2. In the example of Figure 8, these are time slots 25 to 60. This is shown in column #07 of Figure 8.

[0323] In the next step S#140, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to establish a velocity value s(j) associated with the duration for which the established acceleration value is valid. Therefore, a velocity value is established for each time slot.

[0324] Associated with the measured value S(j), and

[0325] It is associated with the first acceleration value a12 established.

[0326] During linear acceleration, i.e., when the acceleration a is constant, the velocity at any given time point is given by the following equation:

[0327] V(i)=V(i-1)+a*dt, (Equation 3)

[0328] in,

[0329] V(i) is the instantaneous velocity at time slot i.

[0330] V(i-1) is the instantaneous velocity at the time point immediately preceding time slot i.

[0331] 'a' represents acceleration.

[0332] dt is the duration of the time slot.

[0333] According to one example, the velocity can be calculated continuously for each time slot from time slot 25 to time slot 60 in this way, as shown in column #08 of Figure 8. Therefore, an instantaneous velocity value Vp can be established in this way, associated with the detected measurements Se(25), Se(26), Se(27)...Se(59) and Se(60), which are associated with the acceleration value a12 (see column #08 in Figure 8 along with columns #03 and #07 for time slots 25 to 60).

[0334] Therefore, an instantaneous velocity value S(j) [see column #05] associated with the detected measurements S(3), S(4), S(5) and S(6) can be established in this way, which are associated with the acceleration value a12.

[0335] According to another example, the instantaneous velocity of time slot 30 associated with the first measurement S(j) = S(3) can be calculated as:

[0336] V(i=30)=Vp30=VT1+a*(30-24)*dt=Vp24+a*6*dt

[0337] The instantaneous velocity of time slot 40 associated with the first measured value S(j) = S(4) can be calculated as follows:

[0338] V(i=40)=Vp40=VT1+a*(40-24)*dt=Vp40+a*16*dt

[0339] Or it can be calculated as:

[0340] V(i=40)=Vp40=V(30)+(40-30)*dt=Vp30+a*10*dt

[0341] The instantaneous velocity of time slot 50, which is associated with the first measured value S(j) = S(5), can then be calculated as:

[0342] V(i=50)=Vp50=V(40)+(50-40)*dt=Vp40+a*10*dt

[0343] Furthermore, the instantaneous velocity of time slot 60 associated with the first measured value S(j) = S(6) can subsequently be calculated as:

[0344] V(i=60)=Vp50+a*10*dt

[0345] As described above, when the measured sample value S(i) [see column #03 in Figure 8] associated with the established acceleration value has been associated with the instantaneous velocity value, a data array including the time series of the measured sample value S(i) can be transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value associated with the velocity value V(i), f ROT (i) Related.

[0346] Alternatively, if sampling rate extraction is required, it can be performed as follows: As described above, when the measured sample value S(j) [see column #05 in Figure 8] associated with the established acceleration value has been associated with the instantaneous velocity value, a data array including the time series of the measured sample value S(j) can be transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value associated with the velocity value V(j), fROT (j) Related.

[0347] refer to Figure 11 This describes another example of the method. According to this example, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to record (see...). Figure 11 Step S#160) describes the time series of the location signal values ​​P(i) of the location signal (Ep), such that a first temporal relationship n exists between at least some recorded location signal values ​​(P(i)), for example, between the first location signal value P1(i) and the second location signal value P2(i). diff1 According to one example, the second position signal value P2(i) is received and recorded in time slot (i), which is n times after the first position signal value P1(i) is received. diff1 Arrival in time slot (see [link]) Figure 11 Step S#160 in the document. Then, the third position signal value P3(i) is received and recorded (see step S#160 in the document). Figure 11 In step S#170), in time slot (i), the second position signal value P2(i) arrives ndiff2 time slots later.

[0348] like Figure 11 As shown in step S#180, the state parameter extractor 450 can operate to calculate the relational value.

[0349] a12 = ndiff1 / ndiff2

[0350] If the relation value a12 is equal to one (unity) or approximately equal to one, the state parameter extractor 450 operates to determine that the speed is constant, and the speed can continue to be calculated according to the constant speed phase method.

[0351] If the relation value a12 is greater than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage increase in speed.

[0352] If the relation value a12 is less than one, then the relation value indicates a percentage decrease in speed.

[0353] The relation value a12 can be used to calculate the velocity V2 at the end of the time series based on the velocity V1 at the beginning of the time series, for example, as...

[0354] V2 = a12 * V1

[0355] Figure 12 This shows the execution Figure 9 The flowchart illustrates an example of the method in step S#40. According to one example, it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P (see column #02 in Figure 8). Therefore, when

[0356] ●The position indicator P is transmitted once for each revolution, and

[0357] ●If the gear ratio is 1 / 1: then

[0358] - The angular distance between two adjacent position indicators P is one revolution, which can also be expressed as 360 degrees, and

[0359] - The duration is T = n * dt,

[0360] ■ Where n is the number of time slots for the duration dt between the first two adjacent position indicators P1 and P2.

[0361] In step S#200, the first rotational speed value VT1 can be calculated as:

[0362] VT1=1 / (n diff1 *dt),

[0363] VT1 is a speed expressed in revolutions per second.

[0364] ndiff1 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0365] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the reciprocal of the initial sampling frequency fs.

[0366] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated first velocity value VT1 is assigned to the intermediate value between the two consecutive position signals P(i) and P(i+ndiff1). First intermediate time slot .

[0367] In step S#210, the second velocity value VT2 can be calculated as:

[0368] VT2 = 1 / (ndiff2*dt),

[0369] VT2 is a speed expressed in revolutions per second.

[0370] ndiff2 = the number of time slots between two consecutive position signals; and

[0371] dt is the duration of the time slot, expressed in seconds. The value of dt can be, for example, the reciprocal of the initial sampling frequency fs.

[0372] Since it is assumed that the acceleration has a constant value over the duration between two adjacent position indicators P, the calculated second velocity value VT2 is assigned to the middle of the interval between the two consecutive position signals P(i+ndiff1) and P(i+ndiff1+ndiff2). Second intermediate time slot .

[0373] After that, the speed difference V De1ta It can be calculated as:

[0374] V Delta =VT2-VT1

[0375] The speed difference V Delta The value can be divided by the number of time slots between the second and first intermediate time slots. The resulting value indicates the velocity difference dV between adjacent time slots. Of course, as mentioned above, this assumes that the acceleration is constant.

[0376] The instantaneous speed value associated with the selected time slot can then be calculated based on the first rotational speed value VT1 and the value indicating the speed difference between adjacent time slots.

[0377] As described above, when the measured sample value S(i) associated with the time slot between the first and second intermediate time slots has been associated with the instantaneous velocity value, a data array including the time series of the measured sample values ​​S(i) is transmitted at the output of the state parameter extractor 450, each value being associated with a velocity value V(i). The instantaneous velocity value V(i) can also be referred to as f ROT (i).

[0378] In summary, based on some examples, the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 can be established based on the following factors:

[0379] The angular distance δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 And according to:

[0380] The corresponding duration δ-T p1-p2 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0381] Subsequently, the second instantaneous velocity value VT2 can be established based on the following factors:

[0382] The angular distance δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3 p2-p3 And according to:

[0383] The corresponding duration δ-T p2-p3 =t P2 -t P1 .

[0384] Subsequently, the instantaneous velocity value of the rotating impeller 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 and the second instantaneous velocity value VT2.

[0385] In other words, based on the example, it can be based on the angular distance δ-FI p1-p2 δ-FI p2-p3Two instantaneous velocity values ​​VT1 and VT2 are established by the corresponding duration between the three consecutive position signals, and thereafter, the instantaneous velocity value of the rotating impeller 20 can be established by interpolation between the first instantaneous velocity value VT1 and the second instantaneous velocity value VT2.

[0386] Figure 13 This is a diagram illustrating a series of time-series position signals P1, P2, P3, ..., where each position signal P indicates one complete revolution of the monitored impeller 20. Therefore, the time value, in seconds, increases to the right along the horizontal axis.

[0387] The vertical axis indicates the rotational speed, graded in revolutions per minute (RPM).

[0388] refer to Figure 13 The effect of a method according to an example is shown. The first instantaneous velocity value V(t1) = VT1 can be established based on the following factors:

[0389] The angular distance δ-FI between the first position signal P1 and the second position signal P2 p1-p2 And according to:

[0390] The corresponding duration δ-T 1-2 =t P2 -t P1 By using the angular distance δ-FI p1-p2 Divide by the corresponding duration (t) P2- t P1 The obtained velocity value represents the velocity V(t1) of the rotating impeller 20 at the first intermediate time point t1, also known as mtp (intermediate time point), such as... Figure 13 As shown.

[0391] Subsequently, the second instantaneous velocity value V(t2) = VT2 can be established based on the following factors:

[0392] The angular distance δ-FI between the second position signal P2 and the third position signal P3, and according to:

[0393] The corresponding duration is δ-T2-3=t P3 -t P2 .

[0394] like Figure 13 As shown, the velocity value obtained by dividing the angular distance δ-FI by the corresponding duration (tP3--tP2) represents the velocity V(t2) of the rotating impeller 20 at the second intermediate time point t2 (second mtp).

[0395] Subsequently, the instantaneous velocity value between the first intermediate time point and the second intermediate time point can be established by interpolating the instantaneous velocity value VT1 and the second instantaneous velocity value VT2, as shown by curve f.ROTint As shown.

[0396] In mathematics, this can be represented by the following equation:

[0397] V(t12)=V(t1)+a*(t12-t1) (Equation 4)

[0398] Therefore, if the velocity of impeller 20 can be detected at two time points (t1 and t2), and the acceleration a is constant, the instantaneous velocity at any time point can be calculated. Specifically, the shell velocity V(t12) at time t12 (the time point after t1 and before t2) can be calculated by the following formula:

[0399] V(t12)=V(t1)+a*(t12-t1) (Equation 4)

[0400] in,

[0401] a is acceleration, and

[0402] t1 is the first intermediate time point t1 (see Figure 13 ).

[0403] The speed value established and referenced as described above can be achieved by executing the corresponding method steps. Figure 20 , Figure 21 The compensation extraction is as described in Figure 22, and this can be implemented by computer programs 380, 394, 410 stored in memory 360, as described above. The computer program can be executed by DSP 350. Alternatively, the computer program can be executed by field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuitry.

[0404] When processor 350 executes the corresponding program codes 380, 394, and 410, the speed value f as described above... ROT (i) can be established by the analysis device 150, as described above. Figure 4 The data processor 350 may include a central processing unit 350 for controlling the operation of the analysis device 14. Alternatively, the processor 50 may include a digital signal processor (DSP) 350. According to another example, the processor 350 includes a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The operation of the FPGA may be controlled by the central processing unit 350, which may include the DSP 350.

[0405] Identification of data related to the operating point of a centrifugal pump

[0406] During the operation of centrifugal pump 10, pressure fluctuations P may occur in the pumped fluid material 30. FPPressure fluctuations in the fluid material 30 may cause mechanical vibrations V in the pump casing 62. FP (see Figure 2A , Figure 2D and / or Figures 14A to 14G ).

[0407] As described above, the centrifugal pump impeller 20 has a plurality of blades 310. The number L of blades 310 is an important factor related to the analysis of vibrations caused by the rotation of the pump impeller 20. According to some embodiments, the number L of blades 310 can be any number greater than L = 1. According to some embodiments, the number L of blades 310 can be any value in the range of L = 2 to L = 60. According to some embodiments, the number L of blades 310 can be any value in the range of L = 2 to L = 35.

[0408] Vibration motion V dependent on the shell FP Vibration signal signature S FP The existence of this information can therefore provide information related to the instantaneous internal state of the pumping process within the pump. The repetition frequency f of the fluid pressure fluctuation signature. R Depending on the number L of blades 310 and the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT .

[0409] The inventors realized that some of the mechanical vibrations of the housing 62 were caused by pressure fluctuations in the fluid material 30. The repetition frequency f of the pressure fluctuations... R Depending on the number L of blades 310 and the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT In fact, the inventors realized that the repetition frequency f R Equals quantity L multiplied by impeller speed f. ROT Pressure fluctuations constitute the pressure fluctuation signature S FP The signature provides information related to the instantaneous internal state of the pumping process in the pump, where L is the number of blades 310 on the rotating impeller.

[0410] When the centrifugal pump impeller 20 being monitored rotates at a constant speed, this repetition frequency f R The discussion can be based on repetition per unit of time or repetition per revolution of the monitored impeller, without distinguishing between the two. However, things become more complicated if the centrifugal pump impeller 20 rotates at a variable speed, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, for example, in combination with... Figure 20 , Figure 21 , Figure 22A , Figure 22B and Figure 22C In fact, regarding the ambiguity of the detected vibration signal, it seems that even a very small change in the pump casing rotational speed can have a significant adverse effect on the quality of the detected signal. Therefore, the rotational speed f of the pump impeller 20... ROTHighly accurate detection is therefore crucial.

[0411] Furthermore, the inventors recognized that not only mechanical vibration V FP The amplitude, and mechanical vibration V FP The occurrence time of these signals can indicate data related to the operating point 205 in the centrifugal pump. Therefore, the measurement signal S... MD (For example, see) Figure 5 It may include at least one vibration signal amplitude component S that depends on the vibration motion. FP ;

[0412] Wherein, the vibration signal amplitude component S FP Having a first repetition frequency f R

[0413] The rotational speed f of the centrifugal pump impeller 20 depends on the rotational motion. ROT And also

[0414] It depends on the number L of blades 310 provided on the impeller 20; and

[0415] There is a temporal relationship among the following items:

[0416] The amplitude component S of the repetitive vibration signal FP The occurrence and

[0417] When the second repetition frequency f P Equal to the first repetition frequency f R At that time, it has a second repetition frequency f P The position signal P(i) is generated at a frequency that depends on the rotational speed f of the centrifugal pump impeller 20. ROT .

[0418] Therefore, when position signals EP, P(i), P(j), P(q) indicating the rotational position of the rotatable impeller (20) are provided (e.g., only once per revolution), monitoring units 150, 150A can be configured to respond to the position signal EP. P P(i), P(j), and P(q) generate a second repetition frequency f. P The reference position signals PC, P(q), and P(t); the second repetition frequency f P Equal to the first repetition frequency f R This advantageously enables the generation of the relevant value X1, as discussed in this disclosure.

[0419] Furthermore, the inventors realized that it is desirable to detect event signatures (Si, Sj, Sq) in the time series of measured sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), and S(q) when L is greater than one. P (r);Sp) occurs, causing the detected duplicate event signature S to be...P (r); Sp indicates the fluid material pressure pulsation generated when the blade 310 interacts with the fluid material 30 in the volute 75, an event signature that repeats L times per impeller revolution. In this regard, it should be noted that the aforementioned first repetition frequency f R This occurs L times per revolution of the impeller.

[0420] Regarding a constant rotational speed, the inventors concluded that if the rotational speed f ROT If it is constant, then the digital measurement signal S includes the time series of vibration sample values ​​S(i). MD With repetition frequency f R The repetition frequency depends on the number L of blades 310 set.

[0421] The state parameter extractor 450 may optionally include components coupled to receive digital measurement signals S. MD Or it depends on the digital measurement signal S MD (see Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B The Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) of the signal is performed. The analysis focuses on a centrifugal pump with a rotating impeller 20, analyzing frequencies higher than the rotational frequency f of the impeller 20. ROT The signal frequency may be of interest. In this case, the rotational frequency f of the impeller 20 is... ROT This can be referred to as "first order". If the signal of interest occurs ten times per revolution of the impeller, then this frequency can be called the 10th order, i.e., the repetition frequency f. R (Measured in Hz) divided by rotational speed f ROT (Measured in revolutions per second rps) equals 10 Hz / rps, i.e., Oi = f R / f ROT = 10th order.

[0422] The highest order is called O. MAX And the total number of frequency intervals in the FFT is used as B. n The inventors concluded, based on an example, that the following equation applies:

[0423] Oi*B n =N R *O MAX .

[0424] In contrast, N R =Oi*B n / O MAX ,in,

[0425] O MAX It is the highest order; and

[0426] B nIt is the number of intervals in the spectrum generated by FFT, and

[0427] Oi is the number L of impeller blades 310 in the centrifugal pump being monitored.

[0428] The above variable O should be set. MAX B n and Oi, so that variable N R It is a positive integer. Referring to the example above, it should be noted that the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., the position marker signal value PS or E, once per revolution of the rotating impeller 20. P As shown in Figure 2, the position marking device 180 can be configured such that when the impeller 20 rotates around the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once for each revolution of the impeller, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate rotation mark signal values ​​PS and EP.

[0429] Incidentally, referring to the example above of the FFT analyzer settings, the obtained integer N R It can indicate the rotational speed of the monitored impeller 20, during which the digital signal S is analyzed. MD Based on an example, the variable O mentioned above... MAX B n The Oi can be configured via the HCI 210 or 210S (see, for example, Figure 1 and / or...). Figure 5 and / or Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B ).

[0430] Consider the digital measurement signal S MD The data transmitted to the FFT analyzer is as follows: In this case, when the FFT analyzer is set up for ten blades, i.e., L = 10, and B... n =160 frequency ranges, and user attention analysis up to O MAX =100th order frequency, then N R The value becomes N R =Oi*B n / O MAX =10*160 / 100=16.

[0431] Therefore, when B is needed n =160 frequency chambers, requiring 16 impeller rotations (N) R Measurements were taken during the period L = 10 (=16); and user attention analysis reached O. MAX = Frequency of order 100. Combined with the FFT analyzer settings, the order value is 0. MAX It can indicate digital measurement signal S MD The highest frequency to be analyzed.

[0432] According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., the position marker signal value PS, for each revolution of the rotating impeller 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0433] The integer value Oi is set to equal L, which is the number of blades in impeller 20, and

[0434] Select the configurable variable O MAX and B n This makes the mathematical expression Oi*B n / O MAX It becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set to equal L, the variable O can be set. MAX and B n It should be set to an integer value so that variable N R It is a positive integer.

[0435] Where, N R =Oi*B n / O MAX

[0436] Based on one example, a value B can be selected from a set of values. n To set the number of intervals B n The optional value set for frequency resolution Bn can include:

[0437] B n =200

[0438] B n =400

[0439] B n =800

[0440] B n =1600

[0441] B n =3200

[0442] Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C Another example of a cross-sectional view of the pump during operation is shown.

[0443] according to Figure 14A , Figure 14B and Figure 14C For example, the centrifugal pump impeller 20 has six blades 310, that is, the number L = 6.

[0444] For this example, the sampling frequency is: at the rotational speed f of impeller 20. ROTIn this configuration, there are n = 7680 sampling points per revolution, or a multiple thereof. Therefore, n can be either 768 samples per revolution or 76800 samples per revolution. The actual number of samples per revolution is not important, but it may vary depending on system conditions and settings.

[0445] As described above, the impeller 20 is rotatable, therefore the position sensor 170 can generate a position signal Ep to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the impeller 20. A position marker 180 can be configured to cooperate with the impeller 20 such that when the impeller 20 rotates, the position marker 180 passes the position sensor 170 once per revolution of the impeller, thereby causing the position signal Ep to display the position marker signal value P. S Each location is marked with a signal value P. S This indicates a fixed position, that is, a certain rotational position of the impeller 20 relative to the fixed stator.

[0446] Such as combination Figure 2A The pump delivers an outlet flow rate Q. OUT Sensors 70, 70 54 It can be mounted on the housing 62 next to the outlet to generate pressure pulsations P in the fluid material delivered by the pump. FP Vibration signal S EA S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q).

[0447] According to Bernoulli's principle, the increase in fluid velocity and the decrease in fluid pressure occur simultaneously (see Equations 1 and 2 above). Therefore, when analyzing the discharge mode of pump 10, it is necessary to pay attention to the instantaneous pressure P in the outlet region. 54 and its relationship with fluid velocity v 54 Relationship (reference) Figure 14A Part I). The continuity equation for fluids implies that the total flow rate into and out of a closed volume must be zero. In other words, the sum of the flow rate into the closed volume and the flow rate out of the closed volume must be zero. Therefore, for an incompressible fluid in a flow tube (e.g., the outlet of pump 10), the continuity equation can be written as:

[0448] v1A1=v2A2

[0449] in,

[0450] A1 = Inflow area

[0451] v1 = the velocity of the fluid flowing into region A1

[0452] A2 = Outflow area

[0453] V2 = The velocity of the fluid passing through the outflow region A2

[0454] When the cross-sectional area of ​​the outlet is constant, the pulsating flow rate Q OUT This inevitably leads to the pulsating fluid velocity v 54 According to Bernoulli's principle, the velocity v of a pulsating fluid... 54 With pulsating fluid pressure P 54 They happened simultaneously.

[0455] Figure 14A This illustrates the flow pattern during BEP operation, specifically the flow at the design point.

[0456] Figure 14A Part I shows the rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, where the blade tip 310A passes directly past the volute tongue 65. Here, the blade tip 310A is located closest to the blade tongue, and the passage opening between the narrow blade portion 77 and the wide blade portion 78 is minimized. Following blade 310A is the adjacent blade 310B.

[0457] When the pump has a total output flow rate Q at outlet 66 OUT The pump design flow rate (i.e., the pump's optimal efficiency point flow rate Q) OUTBEP When operating under these conditions, the pressure pulsations in the fluid exhibit minimal pulsation amplitude (see...). Figure 19A Zhongyu Figure 14A Combined 550BEP).

[0458] like Figure 14A As shown, relative to the impeller, the position of position marker 180 allows the position signal Ep to display the position marker signal value PS when the blade tip 310A is at its closest position to the volute tongue 65. In this case, the minimum pulsation amplitude appears to occur at a zero-degree phase angle.

[0459] exist Figure 14A The instantaneous flow rate from outlet 66 at the moment indicated by I is referred to here as Q. OUTBEPI .

[0460] Figure 14A Part II shows another rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, compared to Figure 14A The rotation position shown in part I is slightly later. Figure 14A In section II, adjacent blades 310B are closer to the volute tongue 65, blade 310A is now located in the narrow volute section 77, while blade 310B is located in the larger volute section 78. Therefore, at this time, the impeller passage 320 between blades 310A and 310B provides a larger passage opening between the narrow volute section 77 and the wide volute section 78. When impeller 20... BEP running period In Figure 14AWhen the rotation position is shown in Part II, a portion of the water flow from inlet 64 flows through channel 320 between blades 310A and 310B to the larger volute section, while another portion flows through channel 320 between blades 310A and 310B to the narrower volute section. It is believed that during BEP operation, there is no "leakage flow" between the narrow and wide volute sections, or in other words, there is essentially no "leakage flow" between the narrow and wide volute sections during BEP operation. Therefore, in Figure 14A At the moment shown in Part II, when the channel 320 between blades 310A and 310B opens to the same degree towards the narrow volute portion and the large volute portion, then During BEP operation Approximately half of the flow from inlet 64 flows through the channel between blades 310A and 310B to the large volute section, while approximately half of the flow from inlet 64 flows through the channel between blades 310A and 310B to the narrow volute section.

[0461] exist Figure 14A The instantaneous flow rate from outlet 66 at the time shown in II is referred to here as Q. OUTBEPII Instantaneous flow rate Q OUTBEPII It seems to be related to the instantaneous flow rate Q OUTBEPI ( Figure 14A The magnitudes of I) are roughly the same. However, it is believed that the instantaneous flow rate Q OUTBEPII With instantaneous flow Q OUTBEPI The deviation may be very small, resulting in relatively small pulsations during BEP operation.

[0462] Figure 14A Part III shows the rotational position of the impeller 20, where the blade tip 310B passes directly past the volute tongue 65. Here, the blade tip 310B is positioned closest to the volute tongue 65, thus essentially closing the passageway between the narrow and wide portions of the volute. Following blade 310B is the adjacent blade 310C. Therefore, Figure 14A Part III corresponds to Figure 14A Part I. Therefore, in Figure 14A The instantaneous flow rate at outlet 66 at time III (referred to here as...) OUTBEPIII ) and instantaneous flow rate Q OUTBEPI ( Figure 14A The size of I) is the same.

[0463] Figure 14B This shows the total output flow Q OUT Flow patterns when running below the design point (i.e. below BEP). Figure 14B The low instantaneous flow rate of outlet 66 shown in part I is referred to here as Q. OUTLoI .

[0464] like Figure 14B As shown in Part II, there appears to be a leakage flow q3′ from the large volute portion 78 to the narrow volute portion 77. Therefore, in Figure 14B Part II shows the instantaneous flow rate at outlet 66 (here referred to as Q). OUTLoII It appears to be lower than the instantaneous flow rate Q. OUTLoI .

[0465] It is believed that the instantaneous outbound flow Q OUTLoII The size is Q OUTLoI -q3′.

[0466] It is believed that when operating at a flow rate below the design point, the leakage flow rate q3' from the large volute section 78 to the narrow volute section 77 is caused by the pressure difference between the large volute section 78 and the narrow volute section 77. This is because during operation at a flow rate below the design point, the pressure P in the large volute section 78... 78 The pressure P in the narrow volute section 77 must be higher than that in the narrow volute section. 77 .

[0467] From the perspective of the flow through the pump, from the pump inlet to the pump outlet, Figure 14B Part III shows the time and Figure 14B The time indicated by part I corresponds to this. Therefore, in Figure 14B The instantaneous flow rate (referred to here as Q) flowing out of outlet 66 at the moment shown in III. OUTLoIII ) and instantaneous flow rate Q OUTLoI ( Figure 14B The size of I) is the same.

[0468] therefore, Figure 14B Part I Figure 14B Part II and Figure 14B The flow cycle shown in section III appears to exhibit pulsation, the magnitude of which depends on the magnitude of the maximum leakage flow rate q3'. When the impeller has L = 6 blades, the pulsation will show L = 6 such flow cycles per revolution of the impeller.

[0469] It is believed that the aforementioned pulsating flow will generate a pulsating fluid velocity v54 in region 54 (see Figure 1 and ). Figure 2A as well as Figure 14B Therefore, according to Bernoulli's principle, the fluid pressure P in region 54 is... 54 Pulsations will also occur. Therefore, the fluid pressure pulsation P in region 54 FP repetition frequency f R The rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT Related.

[0470] More specifically, vibration sensors 70, 70 are positioned to detect pressure fluctuations in the fluid exiting pump 10. 54The detected pressure P54 displays the following cycle:

[0471] When the impeller from Figure 14B Part I is moved to the position shown Figure 14B At the position shown in Part II, the flow rate decreases from Q. OUTLoI Reduce to Q OUTLoI -q3′, therefore the velocity v 54 As pressure decreases, pressure P54 increases.

[0472] In contrast, when the impeller from Figure 14B Part II shows the position moved to Figure 14B At the position shown in Part III, the flow rate increases from Q. OUTLo1 -q3′ is added to Q. OUTLoI Therefore, as the fluid velocity v54 increases, the pressure P54 decreases.

[0473] Therefore, the detected pressure pulsation P 54 The phase depends on the current operating point 205 associated with the BEP and the impeller position (see [link]). Figure 2B The table below summarizes the instantaneous outlet fluid pressure P when the pump is operating at an outlet flow rate lower than the BEP flow rate. 54 The situation as the impeller position changes.

[0474] Impeller position (below BEP flow rate) <![CDATA[Pressure P 54 > I At the lowest peak I towards II <![CDATA[Pressure P 54 is increasing continuously]]> At or near point II <![CDATA[Increase, passing through the highest peak P 54 , and then decrease]]> II towards III <![CDATA[Pressure P 54 continuously decreasing]]> IIII = I At the lowest peak

[0475] Detected pressure pulsation P 54 The amplitude and phase values ​​appear to indicate the relationship between the current running point 205 and the BEP.

[0476] Therefore, the highest peak value P is determined. 54 The impeller position at the time of occurrence seems significant. Alternatively, it appears necessary to determine the highest peak value P in terms of the distance between the tips of two adjacent blades, 310A and 310B. 54 Where exactly does this occur between the tips of two adjacent blades? For this information, please refer to the discussion of the detected pressure pulsation phase values ​​in Table 5 below.

[0477] Figure 14C This shows the total output flow Q OUT Traffic patterns when running above the design point (i.e. above the BEP).

[0478] Figure 14C The instantaneous flow rate at outlet 66 at time I is relatively high, referred to here as Q. OUTHiI .

[0479] like Figure 14CAs shown in Part II, there appears to be a leakage flow rate q3 from the narrow volute portion 77 to the large volute portion 78. Therefore, in Figure 14C At the moment shown in Part II, the instantaneous flow rate of outlet 66 (referred to here as Q) OUTHiII It appears to be higher than the instantaneous flow rate Q. OUTHiI .

[0480] It is believed that the instantaneous outbound flow Q OUTHiII The size is Q OUTHiI +q3.

[0481] It is believed that during operation at flow rates above the design point, the leakage flow rate q3 from the narrow volute section 77 to the large volute section 78 is caused by the pressure difference between the narrow volute section 77 and the large volute section 78. This is because during operation at flow rates above the design point, the pressure P in the large volute section 78... 78 The pressure P below that in the narrow volute section 77 77 .

[0482] From the perspective of the flow through the pump, from the pump inlet to the pump outlet, Figure 14C Part III shows the time and Figure 14C The time indicated by part I corresponds to this. Therefore, it is believed that in Figure 14C The instantaneous flow rate (referred to here as Q) from outlet 66 at the time shown in Part III OUTHiIII ) and instantaneous flow rate Q OUTHiI ( Figure 14C Part I) is the same size.

[0483] therefore, Figure 14C Part I Figure 14C Part II and Figure 14C The flow cycle shown in section III appears to exhibit pulsation, the amplitude of which depends on the magnitude of the maximum leakage flow rate q3. When the impeller has L = 6 blades, the pulsation will show L = 6 such flow cycles during one full rotation of the impeller. (Combined with the above...) Figure 14B The fluid pressure P in the region 54 near pump outlet 66, as discussed, according to Bernoulli's principle, is... 54 It shows fluid pressure pulsation P FP .

[0484] More specifically, vibration sensors 70, 70 are positioned to detect pressure fluctuations in the fluid exiting pump 10. 54 Detected pressure P 54 The following period is displayed:

[0485] When the impeller from Figure 14C Part I is moved to the position shown Figure 14C At the position shown in Part II, the flow rate increases from Q. OUTHiIAdd to Q OUTHiI +q3, therefore the fluid velocity v 54 As pressure increases, pressure P54 decreases.

[0486] In contrast, when the impeller from Figure 14C Part II shows the position moved to Figure 14C At the position shown in Part III, the flow rate is from Q. OUTHiI +q3 decreases to Q OUTHiI Therefore, the fluid velocity v 54 As pressure decreases, pressure P54 increases.

[0487] Therefore, the detected pressure pulsation P 54 The phase depends on the current operating point 205 associated with the BEP and the impeller position (see [link]). Figure 2B The table below summarizes the instantaneous outlet fluid pressure P when the pump is operating at an outlet flow rate higher than the BEP flow rate. 54 The situation as the impeller position changes.

[0488] Impeller position (above BEP flow rate) <![CDATA[Pressure P 54 > I At the highest peak I towards II <![CDATA[Pressure P 54 is continuously decreasing]]> At or near point II <![CDATA[Decrease, passing through the lowest peak P 54 , and then increase]]> II towards III <![CDATA[Pressure P 54 is increasing continuously]]> IIII = I At the highest peak

[0489] Detected pressure pulsation P 54 The amplitude and phase values ​​appear to indicate the relationship between the current running point 205 and the BEP.

[0490] Therefore, the lowest peak value P is determined. 54 The impeller position at the time of occurrence seems significant. Alternatively, it appears necessary to determine the lowest peak value P in terms of the distance between the tips of two adjacent blades, 310A and 310B. 54 Where exactly does it occur between the tips of two adjacent blades? For this information, please refer to the discussion of the detected pressure pulsation phase values ​​in conjunction with Table 5 below.

[0491] According to one explanation, Figures 14A to 14C The flow pattern shown provides a reason for the detected phase value, such as, for example, in combination with Figures 16 to 19D The subject of discussion.

[0492] Specifically, it should be noted that when the operating point 205 changes from below BEP to above BEP, and / or when the operating point 205 changes from above BEP to below BEP, the first polar angle (X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), T) D T D1 A phase shift of approximately 180 degrees will occur. Therefore, when observing... Figure 14B and Figure 14C This phase shift should be kept in mind. In this regard, refer to internal state indicator object 550, which will be discussed in other parts of this disclosure, for example, in conjunction with... Figures 16 to 19D .

[0493] Therefore, the pump is controlled so that the current internal state 550(r) is... Figures 16 to 19B In the polar coordinate plot, move towards the origin reference point (O, 530), or move to a position as close as possible to the reference point (O, 530), so that the flow pattern is as close as possible to... Figure 14A The flow pattern shown appears to be desirable.

[0494] Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F An example of another cross-sectional view of the pump during operation is shown, illustrating the flow and pressure patterns within the pump and another aspect of its detection. According to Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F For example, centrifugal pump 10 may include sensors 70, 70 77 The sensor is connected to the housing 62 at the first volute portion 77 via a narrower cross-sectional area near the volute tongue 65 (see also...). Figure 2D ).

[0495] Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F Pump 10 may include the components shown in the relevant diagram above. Figure 1A , Figure 2A and Figure 2D The components described herein and / or in other parts of this document are configured. However, Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F Examples of centrifugal pump 10 may include sensors 70, 70 77 The sensor is connected to the housing 62 at the first volute portion 77 via a narrow cross-sectional area near the volute tongue 65.

[0496] like Figure 14D , Figure 14E and Figure 14F As shown, sensor 70 77 The positioning appears advantageous because the sensor is relatively close to the passing blade tip, where, when the pump is operating away from the BEP flow rate, the blade tip appears to exhibit detectable localized high and low pressures, which will be discussed below. Figure 14E and 14F We will have a detailed discussion.

[0497] Figure 14D Parts I, II, and III illustrate the interpretation of flow and pressure patterns during BEP operation, i.e., the flow rate at the design point.

[0498] As described above, fluid can flow axially towards the inlet 64 located at the center of the impeller 20. The rotating impeller blades 310 deflect the fluid, causing it to flow out through the holes 320 between the blades 310. The rotating impeller blades 310 cause centrifugal acceleration of the fluid, thus changing its direction and accelerating it. When the pump operates at a BEP flow rate Q... OUTBEP During operation, the accelerated fluid reaches a tangential velocity v when it reaches the blade tip and enters the volute 75 through the orifice 320. 75 When the pump is at a BEP flow rate Q OUTBEP During operation, as the fluid flows along the volute 75 towards the outlet 66, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 It remains unchanged.

[0499] Therefore, when the pump is at a BEP flow rate Q OUTBEP During operation, the tangential velocity component v of the accelerating fluid 30 75 Corresponding to the tangential velocities at the blade tips 310A, 310B, and 310C. In fact, if the pump operates at exactly the BEP flow rate Q... OUTBEP During operation, the tangential velocity component v of the fluid... 75 It seems to be related to the tangential velocity v at the blade tip. 310T Similarly. In this way, as the fluid flows along the volute 75, more and more fluid 30 flows out of the rotating impeller passage 320, but as the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute increases, when the pump operates at a flow rate Q of BEP... OUTBEP During operation, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 It remains unchanged.

[0500] Incidentally, when the pump is at a BEP flow rate Q OUTBEP During operation, the radial velocity component V of the accelerated fluid 30 75R This also corresponds to the gradually increasing cross-sectional area of ​​the volute. The gradual widening of the volute's cross-sectional area allows the pump to achieve a flow rate Q at BEP. OUTBEP During operation, the amount of fluid added to the volute per unit time is balanced by the increase in cross-sectional area per unit time. Therefore, according to the continuity equation, when the pump operates at a flow rate Q (BEP), OUTBEP During operation, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 It remains unchanged.

[0501] In this way, when the pump is at a BEP flow rate Q OUTBEP During operation, the fluid appears to exhibit laminar or essentially laminar flow within the volute.

[0502] Figure 14D Part I shows the rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, where the blade tip 310A passes directly past the volute tongue 65. Here, the blade tip 310A is located closest to the blade tongue, and the passage opening between the narrow blade portion 77 and the wide blade portion 78 is minimized. Following blade 310A is the adjacent blade 310B.

[0503] exist Figure 14D The instantaneous flow rate from outlet 66 at the moment indicated by I is referred to here as Q. OUTBEPI .

[0504] Figure 14D Part II shows another rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, compared to Figure 14D The rotation position shown in part I is slightly later. Figure 14D In part II, the adjacent blade 310B is located closer to the volute tongue 65, the blade tip 310A is now located in the narrower volute segment 77, while the blade 310B is located in the larger volute segment 78.

[0505] Therefore, as Figure 14D As shown in Part II, at this time the blade tip 310A is relatively close to the vibration sensor 70. 77 This seems advantageous, and will be discussed below. Figure 14E and Figure 14F We will have a detailed discussion.

[0506] When the pump is at a BEP flow rate Q OUTBEP During operation, the tangential fluid velocity component v of the accelerating fluid 30 at the blade tip 310A 77 Tangential velocity v at the blade tip 310A 310T Correspondingly, as fluid 30 flows along the volute 75, more and more fluid 30 flows out of the rotating impeller passage 320. However, as the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute increases, when the pump operates at a flow rate Q of BEP... OUTBEP During operation, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 The tangential fluid velocity component v in the wide portion 78 of the volute remains unchanged. 78 The tangential fluid velocity component v in the narrow portion 77 of the volute 77 Same or roughly the same.

[0507] Figure 14D Part III shows the rotational position of the impeller 20, where the blade tip 310B passes exactly past the volute tongue 65. Here, the blade tip 310B is located closest to the volute tongue 65, thus essentially closing the passageway between the narrow and wide portions of the volute. Following blade 310B is the adjacent blade 310C. Therefore, in Figure 14D The instantaneous flow and pressure patterns at the moments shown in Part III are similar to Figure 14D The flow and pressure patterns at the times shown in Part I are the same.

[0508] Localized pressure zone at blade tip during operation when flow rate is below BEP flow rate

[0509] Figure 14E Parts I, II, and III show the total output flow rate Q OUTLoFlow and pressure patterns below the design point (i.e., below the BEP flow rate). Figure 14E The low instantaneous flow rate at outlet 66 at the moment shown in part I is referred to here as Q. OUTLoI .

[0510] As described above, the fluid can flow axially toward the inlet 64 located at the center of the impeller 20. The rotating impeller 20 deflects the fluid, causing it to flow out through the holes 320 between the blades 310 (see...). Figure 2D as well as Figure 14D , Figure 14E , Figure 14F The rotating impeller causes centrifugal acceleration in the fluid, thus changing its direction and accelerating it. When the pump operates at an output flow rate Q below its design point... OUTLo During operation, i.e., at flow rates below BEP, the radial velocity component v of the accelerated fluid as it reaches the blade tip and exits through orifice 320 into volute 75 75R The cross-sectional area is relatively low compared to the gradually widening volute. This is due to the radial velocity component v. 75R The lower fluid volume entering the volute 75 from the orifice 320 between two adjacent blades 310 results in the pump operating at an output flow rate Q higher than the design point. OUTHi During operation, the amount of fluid added to the volute per unit time is less than the increase in cross-sectional area per unit time. Therefore, according to the continuity equation, when the pump operates at an output flow rate Q below the design point... OUTHi During operation, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 It will gradually decrease. Therefore, refer to Figure 14E In section II, when the pump operates at an output flow rate below the design point, the tangential fluid velocity v in the wide section 78 of the volute is... 78 The tangential fluid velocity v below the narrow section 77 77 .

[0511] Therefore, the effect of the pump operating below the design flow rate is the tangential fluid velocity v. 75 The tangential velocity V becomes lower than that at the blade tip. 75T Now, when we observe a single blade tip, the higher tangential velocity at the blade tip located at the inner edge of the volute... 75T With lower tangential fluid velocity v 75 The speed deviation between them will create a local high-pressure zone on the leading side of the blade tip. Figure 14F Parts I, II, and III are indicated by a plus sign "+", creating a localized low-pressure area behind the blade tip. Figure 14F Parts I, II, and III are indicated by a minus sign "-".

[0512] Figure 14EPart I shows the rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, where the blade tip 310A passes exactly past the volute tongue 65. Therefore, at this time, the local high-pressure region in front of the blade tip 310A (in...) Figure 14E (The part I is indicated by a plus sign "+") is approaching the sensor 70. 77 People believe this will lead to sensor 70 77 The instantaneous fluid pressure in the nearby fluid region increases.

[0513] Figure 14E Part II shows another rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, compared to Figure 14E The rotation position shown in part I is slightly later. Figure 14E In part II, the blade tip 310A is located in the narrow volute section 77 and passes just past the sensor 70. 77 Therefore, as Figure 14E As shown in Part II, at this time the blade tip 310A is relatively close to the vibration sensor 70. 77 Sensor 70 77 The instantaneous fluid pressure in the vicinity decreases from the high pressure ahead of blade tip 310A to the low pressure behind blade tip 310A. Figure 14E Part II is indicated by a minus sign "-". Therefore, in Figure 14E At the time shown in Part II, sensor 70 77 It appears that a negative pressure derivative has been detected.

[0514] Figure 14E Part III shows the rotational position of the impeller 20, compared to Figure 14E The rotation position shown in part II is slightly later, with the blade tip 310B just passing the volute tongue 65. Therefore, in Figure 14E At the moment shown in Part III, sensor 70 77 The positive pressure derivative was detected because a localized low pressure deviation from sensor 70 was observed behind blade tip 310A. 77 The nearby fluid region, and the localized high pressure on the front side of the blade tip 310B is approaching the sensor 70. 77 The nearby fluid region.

[0515] Therefore, the detected pressure pulsation P 77 The phase depends on the current operating point 205 associated with the BEP and the impeller position (see [link]). Figure 2B The table below summarizes the instantaneous fluid pressure P when the pump is operating at an outlet flow rate lower than the BEP flow rate. 77 The situation as the impeller position changes.

[0516]

[0517] Therefore, the detected pressure pulsation P77 The amplitude and phase values ​​indicate the relationship between the current operating point 205 and the BEP. For this information, please refer to the discussion of the detected pressure pulsation phase values ​​in Table 5 below.

[0518] Because the tangential velocity at the blade tip is high, while the tangential velocity of the fluid v 75 The lower pressure results in a localized high-pressure zone on the leading side of the blade tip (in Figure 14E (In parts I, II, and III, indicated by a plus sign "+"), a localized low-pressure zone occurs on the trailing side of the blade tip (in... Figure 14E (In parts I, II, and III, a negative sign "-" is used to indicate this), therefore, when the pump outputs a flow rate Q below the design point... OUTLo During operation, specifically at flow rates below the BEP (Best Equivalent Product), turbulence occurs in the volute. Therefore, the occurrence of turbulence appears to reduce the energy efficiency of the pumping process, as some of the energy fed to the impeller by the drive motor causes vortex motion in the fluid and a subsequent increase in fluid temperature due to the vortex.

[0519] In this way, when the pump outputs a flow rate Q below the design point... OUTLo During operation, i.e., when the flow rate is below the BEP, the fluid will experience turbulence in the volute.

[0520] From the perspective of the flow through the pump, from the pump inlet to the pump outlet, Figure 14E Part III shows the time and Figure 14E Part I Figure 14B Part I and Figure 14B The time shown in Part III corresponds to this. Therefore, it is believed that in Figure 14E The instantaneous flow rate (referred to here as Q) from outlet 66 at the time shown in Part III OUTLoIII ) and instantaneous flow rate Q OUTLoI Same size (see) Figure 14E Part I and Figure 14B Part I). In contrast, it is believed that in Figure 14E The instantaneous flow rate (referred to here as Q) from outlet 66 at the time shown in Part II OUTLoII (Lower than instantaneous flow rate Q) OUTLoI and Q OUTLoIII ( Figure 14E Part I and Figure 14E Part III). Instantaneous flow rate Q OUTLoII ( Figure 14E Part II) and Figure 14B Flow Q in Part II OUTLoII Correspondingly, when the pump operates at an output flow rate lower than the design point, the outlet flow rate Q... OUTLo It appears that pulsation will occur, and the amplitude of the pulsation depends on the magnitude of the maximum leakage flow rate q3', as described above. Figure 14B The discussion in Parts I, II, and III is as described above. Furthermore, experiments appear to indicate that when the pump is operating at a distance from the design point, the sensors 70, 70 connected to the first narrower volute portion 77 on the housing 62... 77 The detected vibration amplitude will increase. Furthermore, experiments seem to indicate that when the pump operates at an output flow rate Q below the design point... OUTLo During operation, i.e., at flow rates below BEP, sensors 70, 70 connected to the housing 62 of the first narrower volute portion 77... 77 The detected vibration amplitude and the outlet flow rate Q OUTLo The amplitude of the pulsation corresponds to this. When the impeller has L = 6 blades, the pulsation will show L = 6 such flow cycles when the impeller rotates one full revolution.

[0521] Localized pressure zone at blade tip during operation when flow rate is higher than BEP flow rate

[0522] Figure 14F Parts I, II, and III show the total output flow rate Q OUTHi Flow and pressure patterns above the design point (i.e. above the BEP flow rate). Figure 14F The instantaneous high flow rate at outlet 66 shown in part I is referred to here as Q. OUTHiI .

[0523] As described above, the fluid can flow axially towards the inlet 64 located at the center of the impeller 20. The rotating impeller 20 deflects the fluid, causing it to flow out through the holes 320 between the blades 310. The impeller blades 310 exert centrifugal acceleration on the fluid, thus changing its direction and accelerating it. When the pump outputs a flow rate Q higher than the design point... OUTHi During operation, i.e. at a flow rate higher than BEP, the radial velocity component V of the accelerated fluid as it reaches the blade tip and flows out of the orifice 320 into the volute 75 75R It is very high compared to the gradually widening cross-sectional area of ​​the volute. This is due to the radial velocity component v. 75R The higher fluid volume entering the volute 75 from the orifice 320 between two adjacent blades 310 results in the pump operating at an output flow rate Q higher than the design point. OUTHi During operation, the amount of fluid added to the volute per unit time exceeds the increase in cross-sectional area per unit time. Therefore, according to the continuity equation, when the pump operates at an output flow rate Q higher than the design point... OUTHi During operation, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 It will gradually increase. (Reference) Figure 14F In section II, when the pump operates at an output flow rate higher than the design point, the tangential fluid velocity v in the wide section 78 of the volute is... 78 It is higher than the tangential fluid velocity v in the narrow section 77. 77 .

[0524] Therefore, when the pump is running above the design point, the tangential fluid velocity v 75 This will be higher than the tangential velocity at the blade tip. Now, when we observe a single blade tip, at a higher tangential fluid velocity v... 75 The velocity deviation between the lower blade tip tangential velocity and the higher velocity creates a localized high-pressure zone behind the blade tip. Figure 14F Parts I, II, and III are indicated by a plus sign "+", creating a localized low-pressure area on the leading side of the blade tip. Figure 14F The minus sign “-” is used to indicate the part I, II and III.

[0525] Figure 14F Part I shows the rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, where the blade tip 310A passes exactly past the volute tongue 65. Therefore, at this time, it is believed that the local low-pressure area (in front of the blade tip 310A) is... Figure 14F (The part I is indicated by a minus sign "-") is approaching sensor 70 77 This will cause sensor 70 77 The pressure in the nearby fluid region decreased.

[0526] Figure 14F Part II shows another rotational position of the rotating impeller 20, compared to Figure 14F The rotation position shown in part I is slightly later. Figure 14E In part II, the blade tip 310A is located in the narrow volute section 77 and passes just past the sensor 70. 77 Therefore, as Figure 14F As shown in Part II, at this time the blade tip 310A is relatively close to the vibration sensor 70. 77 Sensor 70 77 The instantaneous fluid pressure in the vicinity increases from the low pressure on the front side of blade tip 310A to the high pressure on the rear side of blade tip 310A. Figure 14F Part II is indicated by a minus sign "+". Therefore, in Figure 14F At the time shown in Part II, sensor 70 77 It appears that the positive pressure derivative has been detected.

[0527] Figure 14F Part III shows the rotational position of the impeller 20, compared to Figure 14F The rotation position shown in part II is slightly later, with the blade tip 310B just passing the volute tongue 65. Therefore, in Figure 14F At the moment shown in Part III, sensor 70 77 The negative pressure derivative was detected because a localized low pressure deviation from sensor 70 was observed behind blade tip 310A. 77 The nearby fluid region, and the localized high pressure on the front side of the blade tip 310B is approaching the sensor 70.77 The nearby fluid region.

[0528] Therefore, the detected pressure pulsation P 77 The phase depends on the current operating point 205 associated with the BEP and the impeller position (see [link]). Figure 2B The table below summarizes the instantaneous fluid pressure P when the pump is operating at an outlet flow rate higher than the BEP flow rate. 77 The situation as the impeller position changes.

[0529]

[0530] Therefore, the detected pressure pulsation P 77 The amplitude and phase values ​​indicate the relationship between the current operating point 205 and the BEP. For further details, please refer to the discussion of the detected pressure pulsation phase values ​​in Table 5 below.

[0531] Because the tangential velocity at the blade tip is high, while the tangential velocity of the fluid v 75 The lower pressure results in a localized high-pressure zone behind the blade tip (in Figure 14F (In parts I, II, and III, indicated by a plus sign "+"), a localized low-pressure zone occurs on the trailing side of the blade tip (in... Figure 14F (In parts I, II, and III, a negative sign "-" is used to indicate this), therefore, when the pump outputs a flow rate Q higher than the design point... OUTHi During operation, i.e., at flow rates above the BEP (Body Pressure Equivalent), turbulence occurs in the volute. Therefore, the occurrence of turbulence appears to reduce the energy efficiency of the pumping process, as some of the energy fed to the impeller by the drive motor causes vortex motion in the fluid and a rise in fluid temperature due to these vortices.

[0532] In this way, when the pump outputs a flow rate Q higher than the design point... OUTHi During operation, i.e. when the flow rate is higher than the BEP, the fluid will experience turbulence in the volute.

[0533] From the perspective of the flow through the pump, from the pump inlet to the pump outlet, Figure 14F Part III shows the time and Figure 14F Part I Figure 14C Part I and Figure 14C The time indicated in Part III corresponds to this. Therefore, it is believed that in Figure 14F The instantaneous flow rate (referred to here as Q) from outlet 66 at the time shown in Part III OUTHiIII ) and instantaneous flow rate Q OUTHiI Same size (see) Figure 14F Part I and Figure 14C Part I). In contrast, it is believed that in Figure 14FThe instantaneous flow rate (referred to here as Q) flowing out of outlet 66 at the moment shown in II. OUTHiII (Higher than instantaneous flow rate Q) OUTHiI and Q OUTHiIII ( Figure 14F Part I and Figure 14F Part III). Instantaneous flow rate Q OUTHiII ( Figure 14F Part II) and Figure 14C Flow Q in Part II OUTHiII Correspondingly, when the pump operates at an output flow rate higher than the design point, the outlet flow rate Q... OUTHi It appears that pulsation will occur, and the amplitude of the pulsation depends on the magnitude of the maximum leakage flow rate q3, as described above. Figure 14C The discussion in Parts I, II, and III is as described above. Furthermore, experiments appear to indicate that when the pump is operating at a distance from the design point, the sensors 70, 70 connected to the first narrower volute portion 77 on the housing 62... 77 The detected vibration amplitude will increase. Furthermore, experiments seem to indicate that when the pump operates at an output flow rate Q higher than the design point... OUTHi During operation, i.e., at flow rates above BEP, sensors 70, 70 connected to the housing 62 of the first narrower volute portion 77... 77 The detected vibration amplitude and the outlet flow rate Q OUTHi The amplitude of the pulsation corresponds to this. When the impeller has L = 6 blades, the pulsation will show L = 6 such flow cycles when the impeller rotates one full revolution.

[0534] According to one explanation, Figures 14D to 14F The flow and pressure patterns shown provide a reason for the detected phase values, such as when combined with... Figures 16 to 19D The subject of discussion.

[0535] Specifically, it should be noted that when the operating point 550 changes from below BEP to above BEP, the first polar angle X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), and T D T D1 This shows a phase shift of approximately 180 degrees, or vice versa. Therefore, in observation Figure 14E and Figure 14F This phase shift should be kept in mind. In this regard, refer to internal state indicator object 550, which will be discussed in other parts of this disclosure, for example, in conjunction with... Figures 16 to 19D .

[0536] Furthermore, the analysis appears to indicate that, compared to the detected pressure signal 70... 54 In comparison, the detected pressure signal 70 77 The displayed phases are different. Therefore, it is possible to determine the phase based on sensor 70. 54 Detected vibration signals and sensors 7077 The internal state of the centrifugal pump 10 is assessed or detected by the sequence of occurrence of the detected vibration signals.

[0537] Methods for identifying the current running point

[0538] Figure 14G yes Figure 1A , Figure 1B , Figure 2A , Figure 2B , Figure 2D , Figure 2E or Figures 14A to 14F Another illustration of example pump 10 for any of them. With Figure 14G The relevant disclosure may relate to any pumps discussed in this disclosure. For clarity, Figure 14G The example pump shown does not display all features of pump 10. For example, Figure 14G One wall of the pump outlet is shown, but Figure 14G The wall portion near the volute tongue 65 has been removed to more clearly show the stator positions P1 and P2. S Examples.

[0539] like Figure 14G As shown, the example pump 10 includes a housing 62 in which a rotatable impeller 20 is disposed, allowing it to rotate about a rotation axis 60. The housing 62 forms a volute 75, and the pump includes a volute tongue 65 that spacees a portion 77 of the volute 75 from another portion 78. The volute tongue 65 has a tip 65T. The volute tongue 65 may have an elongated shape, wherein the tip 65T may form an edge. Thus, the volute tongue 65 can separate the outlet pipe 66 from the narrow volute portion 77.

[0540] In other words, the housing 62 may include a volute tongue 65 with an elongated shape, wherein the elongated tip 65T may form an edge separating the outlet 66 from the narrow volute portion 77. During pump operation, at the optimal efficiency operating point (BEP), the fluid near the tip 65T is preferably divided into two parts so that it flows from the elongated tip 65T to the outlet 66 and from the elongated tip 65T to the narrow volute portion 77 (see [link to relevant documentation]). Figure 14G as well as Figure 14A and / or Figure 14D ).

[0541] Figure 14G The pump shown is designed with the impeller rotating in a clockwise direction. For example... Figure 14GAs shown, the position marking device 180 can be used in conjunction with the impeller 20. When the impeller 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes the position sensor 170 once for each revolution of the impeller, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value PS. In addition, the position signal values ​​PS and PC can be generated by the encoder 170, as described in other parts of this disclosure.

[0542] Each revolution generates a position marker signal value P. S And the rotational speed f ROT When constant or approximately constant, there will be a constant or approximately constant number of vibration sample values ​​S(i) for each revolution of the pump impeller 20. For the purposes of this example, the position signal P(0) indicates vibration sample i = 0, as shown in Table 2 (see below). For the purposes of this example, the position of the position signal P(0) relative to the impeller 20 may be unimportant, as long as the repetition frequency f P The rotational speed f of the centrifugal pump impeller 20 depends on the rotational motion. ROT Therefore, if the position signal EP produces a pulse P for every revolution of the impeller 20... S Each time the digital position signal rotates, one position signal value P(i) = 1 will be generated, and the remaining position signal values ​​will be zero.

[0543] #01 #02 #03 #04 Time slot dt i, j Position P(i) S(i) <![CDATA[f ROT (i)]]> 0 <![CDATA[P S =1]]> S(0) constant 427 0 S(427) constant 853 0 S(853) constant 1280 0 S(1280) constant 1707 0 S(1707) constant 2133 0 S(2133) constant 2560 0 S(2560) constant 2987 0 S(2987) constant 3413 0 S(3413) constant 3840 0 S(3840) constant 4267 0 S(4267) constant 4693 0 S(4693) constant 5120 0 S(5120) constant 5547 0 S(5547) constant 5973 0 S(5973) constant 6400 0 S(6400) constant 6827 0 S(6827) constant 7253 0 S(7253) constant 7680 <![CDATA[P S =1]]> S(7680) constant

[0544] Table 2

[0545] Therefore, at a certain constant velocity f ROT Each revolution may have n time slots, as shown in Table 2, and n can be a positive integer. In the example in Table 2, n = 7680.

[0546] There is a position signal Ps for each revolution. We know that the position signal will repeat every n time slots because the rotational speed f ROT It is constant. Therefore, multiple virtual position signals P can be generated through calculation. C In one example, consider generating a virtual location signal P. C L virtual position signals P are provided for each blade 310. C That is, a virtual position signal P C It can be used to establish the time relationship between the following items:

[0547] The amplitude component S of the repetitive vibration signal FP The occurrence of this phenomenon has a first repetition frequency f. R and

[0548] Position signal P C The occurrence of P(i) has a second repetition frequency f. PThis frequency depends on the rotational speed f of the centrifugal pump impeller 20. ROT , where the second repetition frequency f P Equal to the first repetition frequency f R .

[0549] The impeller has L equidistant blades 310, and generates a position signal Ps for each revolution. A virtual position signal P can be generated for each blade. C Thus, the position signals Ps and P C The total number is evenly distributed. Each such location is marked with signal values ​​Ps and P. C Indicates the stationary position, that is, the position of the stationary housing 62, such as... Figure 14G As shown in “Ps” and “Pc”. The housing 62 can also be called the stator 62 because the housing is stationary or immobile.

[0550] Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when n time slots are provided for each revolution, the position signal PS or PC will occur at the position of every n / L sample values. In Table 3, n = 7680 and L = 6, so a position signal P is provided for every 1280 samples. C The calculated position signal indication is 1C.

[0551] like Figure 14G As shown in the example, the location marker signal value P S Pc indicates L fixed positions P1, P2, P3, P4, P5 and PL, where L = 6, because there are 6 blades 310, 3101, 3102, 3103, 3104, 3105, 3106, 3107 in the impeller 20 shown. L .

[0552] It can be assumed that the pump's operating point is approximately constant during a single rotation of the impeller 20. In other words, the location of pulsating events in the fluid is approximately fixed during a single rotation of the impeller 20.

[0553] Due to the amplitude component S of the vibration signal FP S P It is caused by pulsating events in the fluid (see Figures 14A to 14F Therefore, each blade will have a vibration signal amplitude component S of 310. FP S P The frequency repeats. Therefore, we can assume:

[0554] The amplitude component S of the repetitive vibration signal FP S P The occurrence, and

[0555] The timing relationship between the occurrence of position signals P and PC is approximately constant for each of the L data blocks; in this example, L = 6.

[0556] Table 3 illustrates the principle of the time progression of the position signal value P(i), and the calculated position signal value P(i) is represented as "1C".

[0557]

[0558]

[0559] Table 3

[0560]

[0561] Table 4

[0562]

[0563]

[0564]

[0565] Table 5

[0566] As described above, the impeller 20 can rotate about the axis of rotation 60, so the position sensor 170, which is fixedly mounted, can generate a position signal Ep, which has a series of housing position signal values ​​P. S This is used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the impeller 20. For example... Figure 2A As shown, the position mark 180 can be mechanically coupled to the impeller 20, such that when the impeller 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position mark 180 passes through the position sensor 170 during one rotation of the impeller 20, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation mark signal value PS.

[0567] As described above, the position sensor 170 can generate a position signal Ep, which has a series of housing position signal values ​​P. S This is used to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the impeller 20 when it rotates. Referring to Table 2-4 in this document, such a marker signal value P... S It is displayed as "1" in column #2 of Table 2-4.

[0568] When the rotating impeller is equipped with a position marking device 180, it will provide a marking signal value P once per revolution. S In Table 2-4, the signal value P is marked. S It is displayed as "1" in column #2. The pump housing has L equidistant blades 310, and a position signal value P is generated for each revolution.S and constant speed f ROT It is possible to generate a virtual position signal P for each blade. C This makes the position signal value P S P C The total number is evenly distributed, as discussed above (see [link to article]). Figure 14G Therefore, as shown in Table 3, when n time slots are provided for each revolution, the position signal P S or P C This will occur at the location of every n / L sample values. In Table 3, n = 7680 and L = 6, so a location signal PC is provided for every 1280 samples, and the calculated location signal indication is 1C.

[0569] It is believed that a marker signal value P is provided once per revolution. S (Indicated as "1" in column #2 of Table 2-4) and the virtual position signal value P is generated in a uniform distribution. C In some embodiments of this disclosure, the equidistant positions of the blades 310 are important, such that when n time slots are provided per revolution in the housing position signal value sequence to indicate the instantaneous rotational position of the impeller 20, the position signal P or PC will occur at every n / L sample value position, as shown in Table 3. In Table 3, the actual detected rotation marker signal values ​​P S This is reflected as "1" (see column #2 in Table 3, time slot "0" and time slot "7680"), and the virtual position signal value P C This is reflected as "1C" (see column #2 in Table 3, slot "0" and slot "7680").

[0570] This is believed to be important for some embodiments of this disclosure because the position marker 180 results in the generation of a position reference signal value, and the blade 310 is involved in causing signal events, such as amplitude peaks in a vibration signal (see, for example, reference S in Figures 1 and 15). EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q)). Furthermore, the duration between the occurrence of the position reference signal value and the occurrence of the signal event in the vibration signal can indicate the internal state of the pump during operation, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, and this duration is caused by pulsation in the fluid material 30.

[0571] Table 4 is a schematic diagram of the first block of data (i.e., related to channel I) with n / L = 7680 / 6 = 1280 consecutive time slots. It should be understood that if a constant speed phase exists within the duration of a complete rotation of impeller 20 (see...) Figure 9 If the channel is changed to channel VI (see Table 3), then each of the channels will have the same appearance as channel I shown in Table 4.

[0572] According to embodiments of this disclosure, referring to column #03 in Table 4, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed to detect the vibration signal signature S. FP Vibration signal signature S FP This can be represented as a peak amplitude sample value Sp. Referring to column #03 in Table 4 as an example, the vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed by a peak detector to detect the peak sample value Sp. Referring to Table 5, the peak analysis results in the detection of the highest vibration sample amplitude value S(i). In the illustrated example, the vibration sample amplitude value S(i = 760) is detected as maintaining the highest peak value Sp.

[0573] The peak Sp has been detected in time slot 760, allowing us to establish the temporal relationship between the occurrence of the amplitude component Sp of the repetitive vibration signal and the occurrence of the position signal P(i). In Table 5, the time slots transmitting the position signal P(i) are represented as 0% and 100%, respectively, and all time slots in between can be labeled with their corresponding positions, as shown in column #02 of Table 5. As an example in column #02 of Table 5, the time position of time slot i = 760 is 59% of the time distance between time slot i = 0 and time slot i = 1280. In other words, 760 / 1280 = 0.59 = 59%.

[0574] Therefore, the inventors concluded the following temporal relationship:

[0575] The amplitude component S of the repetitive vibration signal FP The occurrence and

[0576] The generation of position signal P(i)

[0577] It can be used as an indication of the physical location of an event signature between two adjacent blades 310 in a rotating impeller 20, for example, between blades 310A and 310B. In this regard, refer to... Figures 14A to 14C and 14D to Figure 14F Regarding the detected pressure pulsations P respectively 54 and P 77 The discussion focuses on the amplitude and phase values. As described here, it appears that the detected pressure pulsation P... 54 and / or P 77 The amplitude and phase values ​​indicate the current operating point 205 associated with the BEP (see also...). Figure 2B ).

[0578] Therefore, the peak value P is determined. 54 and / or P 77 The impeller position at the time of occurrence seems significant. Alternatively, it appears necessary to determine the highest peak value P in terms of the distance between the tips of two adjacent blades, 310A and 310B. 54 and / or P 77The location between the tips of two adjacent blades. This is because that location (i.e., where the peak value occurs) appears to indicate the pump's current operating state. More specifically, the location where the peak value occurs appears to indicate the pump's operating state relative to its optimal operating point.

[0579] Therefore, the location of the detected event signature 205 is represented as a percentage of the distance between the tips of two adjacent blades 310A and 310B (see [link]). Figures 14A to 14C and 14D to Figure 14F And Table 5), can be obtained through the following formula:

[0580] Calculate the distance from the first reference signal occurring at sample number N0 = 0 to sample number N. B = The total number of samples of the second reference signal occurring in 1280 (N) B -N0=N B -0 = N B =1280), and

[0581] Calculate the number of samples from the first reference signal occurring in sample number N0 = 0 to the peak amplitude value Sp occurring in sample number NP (NP - N0 = NP - 0 = NP), and

[0582] Based on the other quantity N P and the total number N B Generate the first time relation (R) T (r); T D ;FI(r)). This can be summarized as:

[0583] R T (r)=R T (760)=(N P -N0) / (N B -N0)=(760-0) / (1280-0)=0.59=59%

[0584] Therefore, the information for identifying the instantaneous running point 205 can be generated by the following formula:

[0585] Calculate the total number of samples (N) from the first reference signal to the second reference signal. B ),as well as

[0586] Calculate from the first reference signal to the number of samples N P Another number of samples (N) of the peak amplitude value Sp that occurred in the middle. P ),as well as

[0587] Based on the number of samples N P With the total number of samples (i.e., N) B The first time relation (R) is generated from the relationship between ) T(r); T D ;FI(r)).

[0588] Since S = v * t, where S = distance, v = constant velocity, and t is time, the time relationship can be directly converted into distance. Therefore, column #02 in Table 5 can be considered as the physical location of the event signature at 59% of the distance between blades 310A and 310B (see [reference]). Figure 14E , Figure 14F and / or Figure 14B , Figure 14C And column #02 in Table 5). Additionally, column #02 in Table 5 can be considered as indicating the physical location of the event signature at a percentage of the distance between the first static location P1 and the second static location P2 (see...). Figure 14G and column #02 of Table 5 and given Figure 14E , Figure 14F and / or Figure 14B , Figure 14C ).

[0589] According to another example, referring to Table 6, the time relationship between the occurrence of the amplitude component Sp of the repetitive vibration signal and the occurrence of the position signal P(i) can be considered as the phase deviation or phase value FI expressed in degrees.

[0590]

[0591]

[0592] Table 6

[0593] In fact, by using the position signal as the digital measurement signal S MD The reference signals S(i) and S(j) are used to adjust the settings of the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) in a certain way. The FFT can be used to extract the amplitude peak and phase value, as discussed below. Therefore, when the total distance between blades 310A and 310B is considered to be 360 ​​degrees, column #02 of Table 6 can be regarded as indicating the location of the detected event signature 205, and / or indicating the physical location of the internal state indicator object 550 at a distance of 213.75 degrees between blades 310A and 310B (see [reference]). Figures 14A to 14F And column #02 in Table 6).

[0594] When the phase angle parameter values ​​FI and X1 exceed 180 degrees, they can be converted into the phase deviation value FI. DEV ,in,

[0595] FI DEV =FI--360

[0596] In this case, when

[0597] FI(r)=360*760 / 1280=213.75 degrees

[0598] The corresponding phase deviation value FI DEV for:

[0599] FI DEV =FI--360=213.75--360=-146.25 degrees

[0600] like Figure 19A As shown.

[0601] refer to Figure 19A And in column #02 of Table 6, the phase angle FI appears to represent the current operating point relative to the Optimal Efficiency Point (BEP). In other words, when the pump is operating at the BEP flow rate, the phase angle Φ(r) = FI(r) may exhibit a predetermined value. When the phase angle Φ(r) = FI(r) deviates from the predetermined value, this deviation appears to indicate that operation is deviating from the BEP flow rate condition. Figure 19A In the example shown, the predetermined value is zero (0), therefore the status indicator object 550 indicates that the pump is operating under BEP flow conditions. BEP Displays a zero-degree phase angle. Therefore, the status indicator object is 550. BEP =550(p+4) has a phase angle Φ(r) = FI(r) = Φ(p+4) = 0 degrees.

[0602] When represented as part of the distance between two adjacent blades 310, the physical location of the pulsation peak 205 can be referred to as information identifying the instantaneous running point 205 (compare). Figure 2B In other words, this disclosure provides a method for identifying information that identifies an instantaneous operating point 205 in a centrifugal pump. Therefore, when expressed as a ratio of the distance between two adjacent blades 310 in the rotating impeller 20, this disclosure provides a method for generating information indicating the location of a detected event signature 205. (See reference...) Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B and Figure 16 The internal state indicator object 550 and / or operating points 205 and 550 can be represented as the phase angle FI(r), as shown below in conjunction with Figure 15 and Figure 16 As discussed above, according to embodiments of this disclosure, internal state indicator objects 550 and / or running points 205, 550 can be presented as percentages (see column #02 in Table 5 above). Furthermore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, internal state indicator objects 550 and / or running points 205, 550 can be presented as a period of time, or a portion of a period of time. As discussed above, in conjunction with Table 5, since S = V 310T *t, where S = distance, v 310T= Tangential velocity at the blade tip, where t is time, so the time relationship can be directly converted into distance. Note in this paper that the tangential velocity v of the blade... 310T Depends on the angular velocity f of impeller 20 ROT And the radius R of impeller 20 MIC (see Figure 14D Part II).

[0603] Figure 15A This is a block diagram showing an example of a state parameter extractor 450. Figure 15A The state parameter extractor 450 includes a receiver for digital vibration signals S MD The impeller velocity detector 500 receives the received digital vibration signal S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi). The impeller velocity detector 500 can also be referred to as the casing velocity value generator 500. The impeller velocity detector 500 can be based on the received digital vibration signal S... MD S(i) and the digital position signal (Pi) generate three signals S(j), P(j) and f. ROT (j). This can be illustrated, for example, by the above regarding... Figures 7 to 13 This is implemented in a descriptive manner. In this regard, it should be noted that three signals S(j), P(j), and f can be transmitted simultaneously. ROT (j), meaning these signals are all associated with the same time slot j. In other words, three signals S(j), P(j), and f can be provided synchronously. ROT (j). Provide S(j), P(j), and other parameters synchronously. ROT (j) and other signals advantageously provide accurate information about the time relationship between the signal values ​​of each signal. Therefore, for example, the velocity value f transmitted by the housing velocity value generator 500... ROT (j) indicates the instantaneous rotational speed of impeller 20 when the detection amplitude value S(j) is reached.

[0604] It should be noted that the signals S(j) and P(j) transmitted by the housing velocity value generator 500 are delayed relative to the signals S(i) and (Pi) received by the housing velocity value generator 500. It should also be noted that signals S(j) and P(j) are delayed equally relative to signals S(i) and (Pi), thus preserving their time relationship. In other words, signals S(j) and P(j) are synchronously delayed.

[0605] The impeller speed detector 500 can transmit a signal indicating whether the rotational speed remains constant for a sufficiently long time. In this case, signals S(j) and P(j) can be transmitted to the fast Fourier converter 510.

[0606] As discussed above, variable O MAX B n And L should be set to make variable NR It is a positive integer. Based on an example, the variable O above... MAX B n And L can be set through the HCI 210, 210S (see, for example, Figure 1 and / or) Figure 5 and / or Figure 15A As described above, the resulting integer N R The rotational speed of the monitored centrifugal pump impeller 20 can be indicated during this process, and the digital signals S(j) and P(j) are analyzed by FFT 510. Therefore, based on variable O MAX B n With the L setting, FFT 510 can generate a value N indicating the analysis duration of a measurement session. R After the measurement session, the FFT 510 transmits a set of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r).

[0607] In the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r), the concept "r" represents a point in time. It should be noted that there may be a time delay from the moment the first pair of input signals S(j), P(j) is received at the input of the FFT 510 until the corresponding pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) is transmitted from the FFT 510. A pair of state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can be based on the time series of the input signal pair S(j), P(j). The duration of the time series of the input signal pair S(j), P(j) should include at least two consecutive position signal values ​​P(j) = 1 and the corresponding vibration input signal value S(j).

[0608] As described below, the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r) can also be referred to as C, respectively. L and Φ L .

[0609] To convey an intuitive understanding of this signal processing, it may be helpful to consider the superposition principle and repetitive signals such as sinusoidal signals. Sinusoidal signals can exhibit both amplitude and phase values. In short, the superposition principle, also known as the superposition property, states that for all linear systems, the net response induced by two or more stimuli at a given location and time is the sum of the responses induced by each stimulus individually. Sound waves are one type of stimulus. Similarly, vibrational signals (such as the vibrational signal S, including its signal signature)... EA S MD S(j), S(r)) are one type of such stimulus. In fact, including the signal signature S FP Vibration signal S EA S MD S(j) and S(r) can be considered as the sum of sinusoidal signals, each of which presents an amplitude and a phase value. In this respect, refer to the Fourier series (see Equation 5 below):

[0610] n = ∞

[0611] F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Φ n (Equation 5)

[0612] n=0

[0613] in,

[0614] The average value of the signal over a period of time when n = 0 (it can be zero, but does not have to be zero).

[0615] n = 1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t).

[0616] n = 2 corresponds to the first harmonic component of the signal F(t).

[0617] ω = angular frequency, i.e. (2πf) ROT ),

[0618] f ROT = Rotational speed of the casing, expressed in cycles per second.

[0619] t = time,

[0620] Φn = the phase angle of the nth partial, and

[0621] Cn = the amplitude of the nth partial.

[0622] From the Fourier series above, we can conclude that a time signal can be considered as a superposition of multiple sinusoidal signals.

[0623] Overtones are any frequencies greater than the fundamental frequency of a signal.

[0624] In the example above, it should be noted that the fundamental frequency will be f. ROT That is, the casing rotation speed. For each revolution of the impeller 20, the FFT510 receives only one marker signal value P(j) = 1 (for example, see...). Figure 14G as well as Figure 5 and Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B )hour.

[0625] Using Fourier analysis models, the fundamental tone and overtones together are called partials. Harmonics, or more precisely, harmonic partials, are partials whose frequencies are integer multiples of the fundamental frequency (including the fundamental frequency, which itself is 1).

[0626] refer to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B According to Equation 5 above, FFT 510 can transmit an amplitude value C of n = L. n (r), i.e., C L(r) = Sp(r). The FFT 510 can also transmit the phase angle of the split tone (n = L), i.e., Φ. L (r) = FI(r).

[0627] Now consider an example where the pump housing has ten (10) vanes at a speed of 10 revolutions per minute (rpm). 10 rpm means one revolution every 6 seconds, or f ROT =0.1667 revolutions per second. It has ten blades (i.e., L=10) and operates at f... ROT The casing, operating at a speed of 0.1667 rpm, causes the repetition frequency f of the signal associated with blade 310 to be... R It is 1.667Hz because the repetition frequency f R It is a 10th order frequency.

[0628] Position signals P(j), P(q) (see...) Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B The reference signals P(j) and P(r) can be used as reference signals for the digital measurement signals S(j) and S(r). According to some embodiments, when the FFT analyzer is configured to receive the reference signal, i.e., the position signals P(j) and P(q), once per revolution of the rotating impeller 20, the settings of the FFT analyzer should meet the following criteria:

[0629] The integer value Oi is set to equal L, which is the number of blades in impeller 20, and the settable variable O is selected. MAX and B n This makes the mathematical expression Oi*B n / O MAX It becomes a positive integer. In other words: when the integer value Oi is set to equal L, the variable O can be set. MAX and B n It should be set to an integer value so that variable N R It is a positive integer.

[0630] Where, N R =Oi*B n / O MAX

[0631] O MAX It is the highest order; and

[0632] B n It is the number of intervals in the spectrum generated by FFT, and

[0633] Oi is the frequency of interest, expressed as an integer of order, where f ROT It is the frequency of order 1, i.e., the fundamental frequency. In other words, the rotational speed f of impeller 20. ROT It is the fundamental frequency, and L is the number of blades in impeller 20.

[0634] Using the above settings, that is, the integer value Oi is set to equal L, and referencing Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B According to Equation 5 above, FFT 510 can transmit an amplitude value C of n = L. n C L =Sp(r). The FFT 510 can also transmit a portion (n=L) of the phase angle, i.e., Φ L =FI(r).

[0635] Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, when the FFT 510 receives a position reference signal P(j) and P(q) once for each revolution of the rotating impeller 20, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a peak amplitude value C of the signal. L The repetition frequency f of the signal R It is the L-order frequency, where L is the number of equally spaced blades 310 in the rotating impeller 20.

[0636] Referring to the discussion of Equation 5 above in this disclosure, the repetition frequency f R The amplitude of a signal with an L-order frequency can be called C. n Where n = L, i.e., C L Refer to equation 5 and Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B It can transmit the amplitude value C L As the peak amplitude value, in Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B It is represented as Sp(r).

[0637] Referring again to Equation 5 above, in this disclosure, its repetition frequency f can be transmitted. R The phase angle Φ of the signal with frequency L. L As a time indication value, this time indication value indicates the duration T between the occurrence of the detected event signature and the occurrence of the rotational reference position of the rotating impeller. D1 .

[0638] Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, when the FFT 510 receives a position reference signal P(j) and P(q) once for each revolution of the rotating impeller 20, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate a repetition frequency f. R The phase angle Φ of the signal with frequency L. L Where L is the number of blades 310 in the rotating impeller 20.

[0639] Therefore, using the above settings, i.e., the integer value Oi is set to equal L, and referring to the above... Figure 15A and / or Figure 15BAccording to Equation 5, FFT 510 can generate the phase angle value Φ. L。

[0640] refer to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B And in Figure 1, the state value Sp(r) = C I and FI(r)=Φ I The results can be transmitted to a human-machine interface (HCI) 210 to provide visual indications of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results may include information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump process, enabling the operator 230 to control the centrifugal pump.

[0641] Figure 15B This is a block diagram showing an example of a state parameter extractor 450.

[0642] Figure 15B The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 includes an impeller speed detector 500, a speed change compensation extractor 470, a time synchronization averager 471, and a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) 510. In this disclosure, the abbreviation TSA can be used for the time synchronization averager. The exemplary state parameter extractor 450 can be... Figure 15A The state parameter extractor 450 described herein includes a time synchronization averager TSA 471. TSA 471 is configured to receive a measurement signal value S(q) and a corresponding position signal value P(q) transmitted by the velocity variation compensation extractor 470. The received measurement signal value S(q) can be a vibration signal value S or other measurement signal value S(q) indicating fluid pulsation.

[0643] TSA 471 is configured to receive measurement signal values ​​S(q) and corresponding position signal values ​​P(q) associated with multiple rotations or cycles, and generate an average measurement signal value S(t), wherein the average measurement signal value S(t) is based on the number M of measurements detected at the same rotational position of the impeller 20.

[0644] As discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, the compensated extractor 470 is configured to generate the extracted digital vibration signal S. MDR This ensures that even when the rotational speed changes, the number N of measured sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller remains constant. F Maintain a constant value, or maintain a substantially constant value. Therefore, when the compensation extractor 470 delivers N per revolution of the rotating impeller... F When measuring sample values, each N F All the measured samples were associated with the same rotational position.

[0645] Therefore, when N FWhen N = 100, the speed change compensation extractor 470 outputs one hundred (100) measurement signal values ​​S(q) per revolution. Therefore, when N V =100 and TSA 471 is configured to generate a single average measurement signal value S TSA When (t) is taken as the average of M measured signal values ​​S(q), then the output average value S is... TSA (t) can be generated as:

[0646] S TSA (t)=(S(q)+S(q+N V )+S(q+2*N V )) / M

[0647] S TSA (t)=(S(q)+S(q+100)+S(q+200)) / M

[0648] Therefore, when the compensation extractor 470 delivers N per revolution of the rotating impeller V When measuring sample values, each N V The measurement samples are all associated with the same rotational position. This advantageously means that the combination of the velocity variation compensation extractor 470 and the time synchronization averager 471 results in position synchronization averaging. In summary, the position average value S output from the position synchronization averager 473 is... TSA The measurement sample values ​​transmitted (t) can be generated as follows:

[0649]

[0650] in,

[0651] M is the average impeller speed, and

[0652] N v It is the number of measured sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller.

[0653] For example, if M=3, then TSA 471 transmits S. TSA (t), where each value is based on three (3) measured signal values ​​S(q). Therefore, it should be understood that the signal values ​​S(q), S(q+N) V ) and S(q+2*N V All of these represent the q-th position, i.e., the same position at different speeds. Therefore, TSA 471 outputs N per revolution as provided by the speed variation compensation extractor 470. V The same number of elements transmits the average signal value S TSA (t). For example, if the speed change compensation extractor 470 outputs N per revolution. V =100 (one hundred) measurement signal values ​​S(q), then the TSA 471 outputs N per revolution.V = 100 (one hundred) average measured signal values ​​S(t).

[0654] The combination of the impeller speed detector 500, the speed variation compensation extractor 470, and the time synchronization averager 471 allows the output of the TSA 471 to have a measurement averaged over several revolutions, which advantageously reduces noise. It should be noted that the TSA is configured to generate an average measurement such that the average measurement represents the average of multiple measurements detected at the same rotational position of the impeller 20.

[0655] like Figure 15B As shown, the output signal P of TSA 471 TSA and S TSA It can be provided to FFT 510.

[0656] In some examples, the output P of TSA 471 TSA S T5A It was provided to HCI 210.

[0657] In some examples, the HCI 210 is arranged such that the TSA 471 is configured to average the number of revolutions or cycles.

[0658] Information about the current internal state X of the mill 10 can be conveyed through one or more internal state values, allowing the operator 230 of the mill 10 to understand it intuitively.

[0659] Figure 16 This is an illustration of an example of a visual indication of the analysis results. A visual indication of an example analysis result may include providing a polar coordinate system 520. A polar coordinate system is a two-dimensional coordinate system in which each point in the plane is determined by its distance from a reference point 530 and its angle from a reference direction 540. The reference point 530 (similar to the origin of a Cartesian coordinate system) is called the pole 530, and the ray from the pole in the reference direction is the polar axis. The distance to the pole is called the radial coordinate, radial distance, or simply radius, and the angle is called the angular coordinate, polar angle, or azimuth angle.

[0660] Given an example amplitude value Sp(r) used as the radius, and time-related values ​​FI(r), Φ(r), and T... D Used as angular coordinates.

[0661] In this way, by providing an internal status indicator 550 on the display 210S, the internal status of the monitored centrifugal pump can be displayed. Figure 16 (and Figure 1). Figure 16 Figures 1 and 14 may help in understanding the following examples.

[0662] Therefore, one example involves electronic centrifugal pump monitoring systems 150 and 210S for generating and displaying information related to the pumping process in centrifugal pump 10, which has an impeller 20 that rotates at a speed f. ROT Rotation about axis 60 is used to cause material 30 to exit pump outlet 66. Example monitoring system 150 includes:

[0663] A computer-implemented method for displaying the internal state of the pumping process in the centrifugal pump on a screen display 210S.

[0664] The method includes:

[0665] The following is displayed on the screen display 210S:

[0666] Polar coordinate system 520, wherein the polar coordinate system 520 has

[0667] Reference point (O, 530), and

[0668] Reference directions (0°, 360°, 540°); and

[0669] First internal state indicator object (550, S) P1 T D1 ), which indicates the internal state of the pumping process, having a first radius (Sp(r), S) from the reference point (O). P1 And has a first polar angle (FI(r), Φ(r), T) relative to the reference direction (0°, 360°, 540°). D T D1 ),

[0670] The first radius (X2(r), Sp(r), S) P1 ) indicates the amplitude of the detected fluid pulsations, and

[0671] The first polar angle (X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), T) D T D1 This indicates the direction in which the current operating point 205 deviates from the current optimal efficiency operating point.

[0672] First polar angle (X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), T) D T D1 It also indicates the location of the detected event signature 205 between two blades 310 in the rotating impeller 20.

[0673] As described above, the state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate consecutive state value pairs Sp(r) and FI(r). The state parameter extractor 450 can also generate the temporal derivatives of the state values ​​Sp(r) and FI(r), respectively. This can be done, for example, by subtracting the most recent previous state value Sp(r-1) from the most recent state value Sp(r) divided by the duration between the two values. Similarly, the numerical derivative of the internal state value FI can be obtained. Therefore, derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be generated. The derivative values ​​dSp(r) and dFI(r) can be used to indicate the first internal state indication object (550, S). P1 T D1 ) movement.

[0674] Figure 17 and Figure 18 This is another example of a visual representation of the analysis results. (Reference) Figure 17 and Figure 18 The aforementioned derivative value can be used to display an arrow 560 on the screen display 210S, the arrow originating from the first internal state indicator object (550, S). P1 T D1 The position of ) and has an extension that depends on the magnitude of the derivative. In other words, the absence of arrow 560 means that the internal state is stable and has not changed over a period of time. Figure 18 The arrow in the middle is 560 times. Figure 17 The arrow 560 in the figure is longer, thus indicating that the internal state of the pump shown in Figure 18 is greater than that of the pump in Figure 18. Figure 17 The pump shown changes its internal state more rapidly.

[0675] Figure 19A This is another example of a visual indication of the analysis results relating to the internal condition of centrifugal pump 10. Figure 19A The example of the visualization indicator analysis results is based on the polar coordinate system 520, as shown above. Figure 16 As stated above.

[0676] The most recent internal state indicator object 550(r) indicates the current internal state of pump 10. Another internal state indicator object 550(r-1) indicates the most recent internal state of pump 10 previously.

[0677] Internal status indicator 550(1) indicates the internal status of pump 10 when the flow rate is extremely low (far below BEP). It should be noted that the flow rate will initially be very low when starting a centrifugal pump.

[0678] refer to Figure 19A When the flow rate approaches the BEP flow rate, the position of the internal status indicator object 550(1) and the polar coordinate reference point (O, 530) at the origin gradually approaches, indicating that the flow rate gradually increases.

[0679] In this way, the current internal state of the centrifugal pump 20 can be represented and visualized, allowing the operator 230 of the pump system 5 to intuitively understand its status. It should be noted that, as Figure 16 As shown, the display of a single internal status indicator object 550 indicates the current internal status of pump 10 or the most recently detected internal status, while as... Figure 19A As shown, the time progression of the internal state indicator object from the initial state 550(1) through intermediate states (e.g., 550(p), 550(p+1), and 550(r-1)) to 550(r) indicates the current internal state 550(r) of pump 10 and the history of multiple earlier internal states. Figure 19A In this context, the most recent early state is referred to as 550(r-1). Figure 19A Other early internal states shown are indicated by internal state indicators 550(p+4), 550(p+1), 550(p), and 550(1). Internal state indicator 550(p+4) is shown very close to the origin, indicating that the pump is operating at its optimal efficiency point 550. BEP Or operating conditions that are very close to the optimal efficiency operating point.

[0680] refer to Figure 19A as well as Figure 16 As can be seen from the corresponding explanation above, Figure 19A The advantages and useful information provided by the data generated according to the methods disclosed in this disclosure (e.g., internal status indicator 550) are clearly demonstrated. It should be noted that internal status indicator 550 represents the internal status of the pumping process.

[0681] Specifically, it is important to note the polar angles X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), and T. D T D1 This indicates the direction of deviation between the current operating point 205 and the current optimal efficiency operating point.

[0682] In this regard, it should be noted that when the pump is connected to the fluid system 52, its optimal efficiency operating point may change due to factors such as changes in the back pressure of the fluid system 52. Data generated according to the methods disclosed in this disclosure, such as polar angles X1(r) and FI(r), will advantageously provide very accurate information about the current operating point, and when the current operating points 205 and 550 deviate from the optimal efficiency operating point, the polar angles X1(r) and FI(r) will provide information about the direction of deviation of the current operating points 205 and 550 from the current optimal efficiency operating point.

[0683] In summary, the useful information provided by the data generated according to the method disclosed in this disclosure includes the amplitude value Sp(r), S P1This amplitude value represents the fluid pulsation detected during operation in relation to pump 10. Therefore, the amplitude values ​​Sp(r), S... P1 The internal state of the pumping process is indicated by the current fluid pulsation amplitude.

[0684] Furthermore, the useful information provided by the data generated according to the method disclosed in this disclosure includes polar angle values ​​X1(r) and FI(r), which can indicate the current deviation from the current BEP.

[0685] Based on such measurements performed on multiple centrifugal pumps 10 coupled to piping system 40 and fluid material consumer 50, the detected polar angles (X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), T) are determined when internal state indicator object 550 and / or operating point 205, 550 shift from an operating point below BEP to an operating point above BEP. D T D1 The phase shift always appears to be approximately 180 degrees, or vice versa. Furthermore, when pump 10 is running at BEP flow rate, the amplitudes of the detected fluid pulsations X2(r)Sp(r) and S... P1 It is at its minimum value, a point that is discussed in other parts of this disclosure (e.g., in conjunction with...). Figure 14A The discussion took place.

[0686] Therefore, the radius (X2(r)Sp(r), S) P1 ) indicates the amplitude of the detected fluid pulsations, and

[0687] When the internal state indicator object 550 and / or the operating point 205, 550 changes from below BEP to above BEP, the first polar angle (X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), T) D T D1 This shows a phase shift of approximately 180 degrees, or vice versa. Therefore, it seems desirable to control the pump to move the current internal state 550(r) toward or as close as possible to the reference point (O, 530) in the polar coordinate diagram.

[0688] Furthermore, for any pump / system combination, controlling the pump to bring the internal status indicator 550 as close as possible to the reference point (O, 530) in the polar coordinate diagram appears to operate with optimal efficiency and / or minimal pulsation.

[0689] Therefore, it can be concluded that providing state indication values ​​X2(r), Sp(r) and X1(r), FI(r) can improve the controllability of the fluid system. Specifically, the methods and illustrations disclosed herein provide very clear and interpretable measurement results, thereby significantly improving the operation of pump 10 and fluid systems 5, 40, and 50. As mentioned above, parameter value X1 can indicate the direction of deviation of the current operating point 205 from the current optimal efficiency operating point (BEP). In this regard, it should be noted that the flow-pressure characteristics of the fluid system may change during operation, and therefore the BEP may also change (see...). Figure 2B Therefore, the methods and illustrations disclosed herein provide a way to detect the current running point 205 in relation to the current BEP.

[0690] Based on such measurements of some centrifugal pumps 10 coupled to piping system 40 and fluid material consumer 50, another observation is that the individual pump / system combination appears to create a unique motion pattern for its internal state indicator object 550.

[0691] Figure 19B , Figure 19C and Figure 19D Numerous internal status indicators associated with pump 10 are shown, such as status indicators 5501, 5502, and 5503, which indicate pump operation below the BEP, and status indicators 5504, 5505, and 5506, which indicate operation above the BEP. The cloud-like black dot mass is internal status indicator 550 collected over extended periods and under various operating conditions.

[0692] Figure 19E The fluid pressure pulsation P detected in a centrifugal pump 10 with four impeller blades 310 is... FP The first time-varying amplitude diagrams 570 and 570A are schematic diagrams (see...) Figure 19E and Figure 2A ). Figure 19E The time graph in the image is a polar coordinate graph, meaning time moves clockwise; 360 degrees corresponds to one full rotation of the impeller 20. FP The detected amplitude.

[0693] Figure 19E The amplitude-time plots 570 and 570A, relating to the four impeller blades, show the four highest and four lowest amplitude peaks. It should be noted that the angular positions of the amplitude peaks will change depending on the pump's current operating state (OP) (see combined...). Figures 14A to 14F and Figures 16 to 19B(Discussion). Therefore, in a pump with L impeller blades, amplitude-time graph 570 shows L highest amplitude peaks and L lowest amplitude peaks, where L is the number of blades on the impeller in pump 10. Thus, amplitude-time graph 570 appears to show a signal signature for each blade 310. A single signal signature appears to show one highest amplitude peak and one lowest amplitude peak.

[0694] Figure 19F It is as described above. Figure 19E Fluid pressure pulsation P detected in the same centrifugal pump 10 FP Another schematic diagram of the amplitude in the second time plot 570, 570B. (Compared to...) Figure 19E Compared to the first time plots 570 and 570A, the second time plots 570 and 570B were recorded at a different time.

[0695] The inventors concluded, after studying the shape of the amplitude-time graph 570 over a long period of time and under various operating conditions, that the shape change of the amplitude-time graph 570 depends on the internal state X of the centrifugal pump 10.

[0696] The inventors concluded that the shape of the amplitude-time graph 570 appears to indicate the internal state X of the pump 10. During normal operation, as... Figure 19E As shown, L signals are signed 5721, 5722, 5723, 5724, and 572. L It appears to show a uniform shape or a roughly uniform shape.

[0697] However, as Figure 19F As shown, the shape of a single signal signature 572B3 may deviate from the shape of other signal signatures.

[0698] The inventors have concluded that the shape of the amplitude-time graph 570B appears to indicate a deviation from normal physical characteristics associated with at least one blade 310 or at least one impeller channel 320. In other words, when the shape of a single signal signature deviates from the shapes of other signal signatures, this deviation appears to indicate a deviation from normal physical characteristics associated with at least one blade 310 or at least one impeller channel 320. It is believed that such deviation may indicate surface damage to the blade 310, or that the impeller channel 320 may be partially blocked by particles trapped within it.

[0699] Example of a variable speed phase state parameter extractor

[0700] As described above, if the centrifugal pump impeller 20 is... variable Rotational speed f ROTRotation complicates the analysis of measurement data. In fact, regarding the tailing effect, it seems that even a very small change in the pump casing's rotational speed can significantly and adversely affect the quality of the detected signal. Therefore, the rotational speed f of the pump impeller 20... ROT Very precise detection appears to be crucial, as does accurate compensation for any speed variation.

[0701] refer to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B The impeller speed detector 500 can transmit signals indicating when the rotational speed changes, such as in combination with... Figure 9 The above is under discussion. Please refer again. Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B Signals S(j) and P(j) and velocity value f ROT (j) can be transmitted to the speed variation compensation extractor 470. The speed variation compensation extractor 470 can also be called a fractional extractor. The extractor 470 is configured to be based on the received speed value f. ROT (j) Extracting the digital measurement signal S MD According to an example, decimator 470 is configured to decimate a digital measurement signal S using a variable decimation factor D. MD During the measurement session, based on the variable speed value f ROT (j) Adjust the variable decimation factor D. Therefore, the compensated decimator 470 is configured to generate the decimated digital vibration signal S. MDR This ensures that when the rotational speed changes, the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller remains constant, or substantially constant. According to some embodiments, when the change in the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller is less than 5%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller is considered substantially constant. According to a preferred embodiment, when the change in the number of sample values ​​per revolution is less than 1%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller is considered substantially constant. According to the most preferred embodiment, when the change in the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller is less than 0.2%, the number of sample values ​​per revolution of the rotating impeller is considered substantially constant.

[0702] therefore, Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B The embodiment includes a fractional decimator 470 for decimating the sampling rate with a decimation factor D = N / U, where both U and N are positive integers. Therefore, the fractional decimator 470 advantageously decimates the sampling rate into fractions. Thus, the velocity variation compensated decimator 470 can operate to decimate signals S(j) and P(j) and f with fractions D = N / U. ROT(j). According to one embodiment, the values ​​of U and N can be selected in the range from 2 to 2000. According to another embodiment, the values ​​of U and N can be selected in the range from 500 to 1500. According to yet another embodiment, the values ​​of U and N can be selected in the range from 900 to 1100. In this case, it should be noted that the term "fraction" is used in the following context: a fraction (from the Latin word fractus, "fracture") represents a part of a whole, or more generally, any number of equal parts. In a positive common fraction, both the numerator and denominator are natural numbers. The numerator represents some equal parts, and the denominator represents how many parts make up a unit or a whole. A common fraction is a quantity representing rational numbers. The same quantity can also be expressed as a decimal, percentage, or negative exponent. For example, 0.01, 1%, and 10⁻² are all equal to the fraction 1 / 100. Therefore, the fraction D = N / U can be considered an inverse fraction.

[0703] Therefore, the result signal S transmitted by the fraction extractor 470 MDR With sampling rate:

[0704] f SR =f S / D=f S *U D / N

[0705] Among them, f S The signal S received by the fraction extractor 470 MD The sampling rate.

[0706] The fractional value U / N depends on the rate control signal received at input port 490. The rate control signal may be an indication of the rotational speed f of the impeller. ROT The signal.

[0707] The variable extractor value D of the extractor can be set to D = f S / f SR , where f S It is the initial sampling rate of the A / D converter, and f SR It is an indication of the extracted digital measurement signal S MDR The setpoint value for the number of samples per revolution. For example, when there are twelve (12) blades to be monitored in the impeller, the setpoint value f SR It can be set to 768 samples per revolution, meaning the number of samples per revolution is set as the extracted digital measurement signal S. MDR The fsr compensation extractors 470 and 470B are configured to extract the digital vibration signal S. MDR The position signal P(q) is generated at regular intervals, which depend on the setpoint value f. SR For example, when f SRWhen set to 768 samples per revolution, the position signal P(q) can be transmitted once every 768 samples of the extracted measurement signal S(q). In this way, the position signal P(q) represents the static angular position, in the same manner as the position signal value P discussed above. S resemblance.

[0708] According to another example, the compensation extractors 470, 470B are configured to divide by f per L. SR The extracted measurement signal S(q) is sampled to generate a position signal P(q). Therefore, the position signal P(q) can be obtained from the extracted digital vibration signal S. MDR It is transmitted within a fixed interval, which is L / f SR In this way, the position signal P(q) represents L static angular positions, in a manner similar to the virtual position signal value P discussed above. C resemblance.

[0709] Therefore, the sampling frequency f of the output data value R(q) SR (also known as f) SR2 ) compared to the input sampling frequency f S A lower factor D. Factor D can be set to any number greater than 1 and can be a fraction, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. According to a preferred embodiment, factor D can be set to a value between 1.0 and 20.0. In a preferred embodiment, factor D is a fraction that can be set to a value between approximately 1.3 and approximately 3.0. Factor D can be obtained by setting integers U and N to appropriate values. Factor D equals N divided by U:

[0710] D = N / U

[0711] According to one embodiment, integers U and N can be set to large integers so that the factor D = N / U can follow speed changes with minimal error. Choosing variables U and N as integers greater than 1000 is beneficial for high accuracy when adjusting the output sampling frequency to track changes in the rotational speed of the impeller 20. Thus, for example, setting N to 500 and U to 1001 results in D = 2.002.

[0712] Variable D is set to an appropriate value at the start of the measurement, and this value is associated with a specific rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored. Subsequently, during the measurement session, the fractional value D is automatically adjusted in response to the rotational speed of the rotating component to be monitored, such that the output signal S... MDP The rotating impeller provides a roughly constant number of sample values ​​per revolution.

[0713] Figure 20 This is a block diagram of an example of a compensation extractor 470. An example of this compensation extractor is represented as 470B.

[0714] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and corresponding rotational speed f of the monitored rotary pump housing. ROT Therefore, the memory 604 can store each data value S(j) such that it is associated with the sensor signal S corresponding to the data value S(j) detected. EA The value is the speed f of the pump casing being monitored. ROT The value of (j) is related. Refer to the above. Figures 7 to 13 Describes the corresponding speed value f ROT (j) The provision of the associated data value S(j).

[0715] The compensated decimator 470B receives a receiver with a sampling frequency f SR1 signal S MD As a sequence of data values ​​S(j), and transmitted at its output 590 with a reduced sampling frequency f SR Output signal S MDR , as another sequence of data values ​​R(q).

[0716] The compensation extractor 470B may include a memory 604 adapted to receive and store data values ​​S(j) and corresponding rotational speed f of the monitored rotary pump housing. ROT The information. Memory 604 can store the data value S(j) in the block, such that each block is associated with a value indicating the relevant rotational speed of the monitored pump housing, as shown below. Figure 21 As stated above.

[0717] The compensation extractor 470B may also include a compensation extraction variable generator 606, which is adapted to generate a compensation value D. The compensation value D may be a floating-point number. Therefore, in response to the received velocity value f... ROT The compensation number can be controlled as a floating-point value, allowing the floating-point value to indicate the speed value f with a specific degree of inaccuracy. ROT As mentioned above, when implemented by a properly programmed DSP, the inaccuracy of floating-point values ​​may depend on the DSP's ability to generate floating-point values.

[0718] Furthermore, the compensated extractor 470B may also include an FIR filter 608. In this respect, the acronym FIR stands for Finite Impulse Response. The FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter with a specific low-pass cutoff frequency, suitable for use with a factor of D. MAX Perform extraction. Factor D MAX It can be set to an appropriate value, for example, 20000. Furthermore, the compensation extractor 470B may also include a filter parameter generator 610.

[0719] The following is for reference. Figure 21Figure 22 illustrates the operation of the compensation extractor 470B.

[0720] Figure 21 This shows the operation. Figure 20 A flowchart of an embodiment of the method of the compensation sampler 470B.

[0721] In the first step S2000, the rotational speed f of the pump casing is to be monitored. ROT Recorded in memory 604 ( Figure 20 and Figure 21 This can be done at approximately the same time as the start of the measurement. According to another example, the rotational speed of the pump casing to be monitored is measured over a period of time. The maximum detection speed f ROTmax and minimum detection rate f ROTmin It can be recorded in, for example, memory 604 ( Figure 20 and Figure 21 ).

[0722] In step S2010, the recorded speed values ​​are analyzed to determine whether the rotational speed has changed.

[0723] In step S2020, the user interface 210, 210S displays the recorded velocity value f. ROT Or velocity value f ROTmin f ROTmax It then requests the user to input the desired sequence value Oi. As mentioned above, the pump housing rotation frequency f ROT This is typically referred to as "1st order". An interesting signal might occur ten times (10th order) per revolution of the pump housing. Furthermore, analyzing the overtones of some signals can be interesting, so measuring signals up to the 100th, 500th, or even higher orders can be intriguing. Therefore, the user can input the order Oi using the user interface 210, 210S.

[0724] In step S2030, a suitable output sampling rate f is determined. SR In this disclosure, the output sampling rate f SR It can also be called f SR2 According to one embodiment, the output sampling rate f SR Set to f SR =C*Oi*f ROTmin ,

[0725] in,

[0726] C is a constant with a value greater than 2.0.

[0727] Oi is a number indicating the relationship between the rotational speed of the pump casing being monitored and the repetition frequency of the signal to be analyzed.

[0728] f ROTminThis is the minimum rotational speed of the pump casing to be monitored during the upcoming measurement session. According to one embodiment, as described above, the value f... ROTmin It is the lowest rotational speed detected in step S2020.

[0729] Considering the sampling theorem, the constant C can be chosen to be 2.00 (ii) or a higher value. According to embodiments of this disclosure, the constant C can be preset to a value between 2.40 and 2.70.

[0730] According to one embodiment, the factor C is advantageously chosen such that 100*C / 2 represents an integer. According to another embodiment, the factor C can be set to 2.56. Choosing C as 2.56 makes 100*C = 256 = 2 to the power of 8.

[0731] In step S2050, the compensation extraction variable value D is determined. When the rotational speed of the monitored pump casing changes, the compensation extraction variable value D will change according to the instantaneously detected speed value.

[0732] According to one embodiment, the maximum compensation extracted variable value D MAX Set to D MAX =f ROTmax / f ROTmin The value of , and the minimum compensated extracted variable value D MIN It was set to 1.0. After that, the actual speed value f... ROT Perform instantaneous real-time measurements and set the instantaneous compensation value D accordingly.

[0733] f ROT It indicates the measured rotational speed of the rotary pump casing to be monitored.

[0734] In step S2060, the actual measurement begins, and the expected total duration of the measurement can be determined. This can be based on the expected rotational speed N of the monitored pump casing. R To determine the total duration of the measurement.

[0735] When the measurement begins, the digital signal S MD The signal is transmitted to input 480 of the compensation extractor. In the following discussion, the signal S is considered in relation to the signal having sample values ​​S(j). MD , where j is an integer.

[0736] In step S2070, the data value S(j) is recorded in the memory 604, and each vibration data value S(j) is compared with the rotational speed value f. ROT (j) Related.

[0737] In the subsequent step S2080, the recorded rotational speed values ​​are analyzed, and the recorded data values ​​S(j) are divided into data blocks based on the rotational speed values. In this way, multiple blocks of data values ​​S(j) can be generated, each data value block S(j) associated with a rotational speed value. The rotational speed value indicates the rotational speed of the monitored pump casing when that specific block of data values ​​S(j) is recorded. The data blocks can have different sizes, meaning each data block can store a different number of data values ​​S(j).

[0738] For example, if the monitored rotary pump casing initially reaches a first speed f during the first time period. ROT1 It rotates, and then changes speed during a second, shorter time interval, to a second speed f. ROT2 If rotated, the recorded data value S(j) can be divided into two data blocks: the first data block and the first velocity value f. ROT1 Relatedly, the second data block value is related to the second velocity value f. ROT2 Related. In this case, the second data block will contain fewer data values ​​than the first data block because the second time period is shorter.

[0739] According to one embodiment, when all recorded data values ​​S(j) have been divided into blocks and all blocks have been associated with rotational speed values, the method continues to execute step S2090.

[0740] In step S2090, the first data value S(j) is selected, and the corresponding rotational speed value f is determined. ROT The compensation extraction value D is then used. This compensation extraction value D is associated with the first block data value S(j). According to one embodiment, when all blocks have been associated with their corresponding compensation extraction values ​​D, the method continues to step S2100. Therefore, the value of the compensation extraction value D is determined according to the velocity f. ROT Adjustments will be made.

[0741] In step S2100, the block of data value S(j) and the associated compensation extraction value D are selected, as described in step S2090 above.

[0742] In step S2110, in response to the selected input value block S and the associated compensated decimation value D, an output value block R is generated. This can be done as described with reference to Figure 22.

[0743] In step S2120, it is checked whether there are any remaining input data values ​​to process. If there is another block of input data values ​​to process, step S2100 is repeated. If there are no remaining blocks of input data values ​​to process, the measurement session is complete.

[0744] Figure 22A , Figure 22B and Figure 22CThe operation is shown Figure 20 A flowchart of an embodiment of the method of the compensation sampler 470B.

[0745] In step S2200, an input data value block S(j) and an associated specific compensation decimation value D are received. According to one embodiment, the received data is as described above. Figure 21 As described in step S2100. The input data values ​​S(j) in the received input data value block S are all associated with a specific compensation decimation value D.

[0746] In steps S2210 to S2390, FIR filter 608 (see...) Figure 20 This applies to the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200 and generates a corresponding set of output signal values ​​R(q). This will be described in more detail below.

[0747] In step S2210, a filter setting suitable for the specific compensation decimation value D is selected. (As described above...) Figure 20 The aforementioned FIR filter 608 is a low-pass FIR filter, suitable for use with a factor of D. MAX The specific low-pass cutoff frequency to be decimated. Factor D MAX It can be set to an appropriate value, for example, 20.

[0748] Filtration ratio F R Set to depend on factor D MAX And the value of the specific compensation decimation value D received in step S2200. Step S2210 can be generated by filter parameter generator 610 ( Figure 20 ) to execute.

[0749] In step S2220, a starting position value x is selected from the received input data block s(j). It should be noted that the starting position value x does not have to be an integer. The FIR filter 608 has a length F. LENGTH Then, based on the filter length F LENGTH and filtration ratio F R Select the starting position value x. Filter ratio F R As set in step S2210 above. According to one embodiment, the starting position value x can be set to x := F. EENGTH / F R .

[0750] In step S2230, the filter sum value SUM is prepared and set to an initial value, for example, SUM := 0.0.

[0751] In step S2240, position j, which is adjacent to and precedes position x in the received input data, is selected. Position j can be selected as the integer part of x.

[0752] In step S2250, a position Fpos in the FIR filter is selected, corresponding to the selected position j in the received input data. Position Fpos can be a compensation amount. The filter position Fpos, relative to the middle position of the filter, can be determined as:

[0753] Fpos=[(xj)*F R ]

[0754] Among them, F R It is the filtration ratio.

[0755] In step S2260, it is checked whether the determined filter position value Fpos is outside the allowable limit, i.e., pointing to a position outside the filter. If this occurs, proceed to step S2300. Otherwise, proceed to step S2270.

[0756] In step S2270, the filter value is calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in an FIR low-pass filter typically have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IFpos is calculated:

[0757] IFpos := the integer part of Fpos

[0758] The filter value Fval for position Fpos will be:

[0759] Fval=A(IFpos)+[A(IFpos+1)-A(IFpos)]*[Fpos-IFpos]

[0760] Here, A(IFpos) and A(IFpos+1) are the values ​​in the reference filter, and the filter position Fpos is the position between these values.

[0761] In step S2280, in response to signal position i, the updated filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0762] SUM : = SUM + Fval * S(j)

[0763] In step S2290, move to another signal position:

[0764] Set j := j-1

[0765] Then proceed to step S2250.

[0766] In step 2300, position j in the received input data that is adjacent to position x and follows position x is selected. This position j can be selected as the integer part of x plus 1 (-), that is, j := 1 + the integer part of x.

[0767] In step S2310, a position corresponding to the selected position j in the received input data is selected in the FIR filter. The position Fpos can be a compensation amount. The filter position Fpos, relative to the middle position of the filter, can be determined as:

[0768] Fpos=[(jx)*F R ]

[0769] Among them, F R It is the filtration ratio.

[0770] In step S2320, it is checked whether the determined filter position value Fpos is outside the allowable limit value, that is, pointing to a position outside the filter. If this occurs, proceed to step S2360. Otherwise, proceed to step S2330.

[0771] In step S2330, the filter value is calculated by interpolation. It should be noted that adjacent filter coefficient values ​​in an FIR low-pass filter typically have similar values. Therefore, interpolation will be advantageously accurate. First, the integer position value IFpos is calculated:

[0772] IFpos := the integer part of Fpos

[0773] The filter value for location Fpos is:

[0774] Fval(Fpos)=A(IFpos)+[A(IFpos+1)-A(IFpos)]*[Fpos-IFpos]

[0775] Here, A(IFpos) and A(IFpos+1) are the values ​​in the reference filter, and the filter position Fpos is the position between these values.

[0776] In step S2340, in response to signal position j, the updated filtered sum value SUM is calculated:

[0777] SUM : = SUM + Fval * S(j)

[0778] In step S2350, move to another signal position:

[0779] Set j := j+1

[0780] Then proceed to step S2310.

[0781] In step S2360, the output data value R(j) is transmitted. The output data value R(j) can be transmitted to the memory, so that consecutive output data values ​​are stored in consecutive memory locations. The value of the output data value R(j) is:

[0782] R(j): = SUM

[0783] In step S2370, update the position value x:

[0784] x: = x + D

[0785] In step S2380, the position value i is updated.

[0786] j := j+1

[0787] In step S2390, it is checked whether the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated. If the expected number of output data values ​​has not been generated, proceed to step S2230. If the expected number of output data values ​​has been generated, proceed to the step about... Figure 21 Step S2120 in the described method.

[0788] In fact, step S2390 is designed to ensure that an output signal value R(q) corresponding to the input data value block S received in step S2200 is generated, and when the output signal value R corresponding to the input data value S has been generated, the following should be executed: Figure 21 Step S2120 in the process.

[0789] The method described with reference to Figure 22 can be implemented as a computer program subroutine, and steps S2100 and S2110 can be implemented as the main program.

[0790] Figure 23 This is another example block diagram of the state parameter extractor 450 (referred to as state parameter extractor 450C). As discussed below, the state parameter extractor 450C may include a vibration event signature detector, a position signal value detector, and a relation generator. As discussed below, the vibration event signature detector may be embodied by a peak detector.

[0791] therefore, Figure 23 This is a block diagram illustrating an example of an analysis apparatus 150. Figure 23 In the example, some functional blocks represent hardware, while others can represent both hardware and functions implemented by running program code on the data processing device 350, such as in combination. Figure 3 and Figure 4 The subject of discussion. Figure 5 Device 150 in the figure shows Figure 1 and / or Figure 3 An example of the analysis device 150 shown. Figure 5 The parameter extractor 450 in the device 150 can be made by Figure 23 The state parameter extractor 450C is embodied in this.

[0792] Based on various aspects of the solution disclosed herein, reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, IC, P are generated at L predetermined rotational positions of the rotatable impeller 20. S P C The L predetermined rotational positions follow a pattern that reflects the angular positions of the L blades 310 in the impeller 20. By providing such reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, IC, and providing vibration event signature detection in the manner disclosed herein, it is possible to generate data indicating the relationship between the current operating points 205, 550 and the optimal efficiency operating point in an advantageously accurate manner.

[0793] While an example of equidistant positioning of the blades 310 (i.e., uniformly distributed within the impeller 20) has been provided, this solution can also be applied to other angular position patterns of the L-shaped blades 310 within the impeller 20. When using other angular position patterns of the L-shaped blades 310 within the impeller, it is important that reference position signal values ​​Ep, I, and IC are generated at L predetermined rotational positions of the impeller 20, the L predetermined rotational positions following a pattern reflecting the angular position of the L-shaped blades 310 within the impeller 20.

[0794] refer to Figure 5 The A / D converter 330 can be configured to transmit a sequence of paired vibration measurement values ​​S(i) associated with the corresponding position signal value P(i) to the state parameter extractor 450. The state parameter extractor 450 is configured to generate one or more parameter values ​​X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer.

[0795] The state parameter extractor 450 can be combined as follows Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B The above is discussed. Additionally, the state parameter extractor 450 can also be combined as follows: Figure 23 The discussion.

[0796] Figure 23 The state parameter extractor 450C is suitable for receiving a series of measurements S(i) and a series of position signals P(i) and the time relationship between them.

[0797] Therefore, a single vibration measurement value S(i) is associated with the corresponding position value P(i). This signal pair, S(i) and P(i), is transmitted to memory 970. (Reference) Figure 23 The state parameter extractor 450C includes a memory 970.

[0798] The memory 970 can receive data in the form of signal pairs S(i) and P(i) to analyze the temporal relationships between events occurring in the received signals. Columns #2 and #3 in Table 3 illustrate the data collected in the memory 970 during one full rotation of the impeller, when position signals 1 and 1C are provided six times per rotation, since there are L = 6 blades 310 in the impeller 20. Tables 4 and 5 provide more detailed information on the example signal values ​​for the first 1280 time slots in Table 3.

[0799] Position signals 1 and 1C can be generated by physical marking device 180, or / or some position signals 1C can be virtual position signals. The time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), P(q)) should be provided according to the occurrence pattern reflecting the angular position of the blades 310 in the impeller 20.

[0800] For example, when there are six (L=6) equidistant blades 310 in the impeller 20, the angular distance between any two adjacent blades 310 is 60 degrees. This is because 360 ​​degrees is a complete revolution, and when L=6, the angular distance between any two adjacent blades is 360 / L = 360 / 6 = 60. Therefore, as shown in Table 3, the corresponding time series representing the position signal sample value P(i) of a complete revolution of the impeller 20 should include six (L=6) position signal values ​​I and IC with corresponding occurrence patterns.

[0801] The state parameter extractor 450C also includes a position signal value detector 980 and a vibration event signature detector 990. The vibration event signature detector 990 can be configured to detect pressure pulsation events, such as amplitude peaks in a received sequence of measurements S(i).

[0802] The output of the position signal value detector 980 is coupled to the START / STOP input 995 of the reference signal time counter 1010 and the START input 1015 of the event signature time counter 1020. The output of the position signal value detector 980 can also be coupled to the START / STOP input 1023 of the vibration event signature detector 990 to indicate the start and stop of the duration to be analyzed. When a position signal value 1 or 1C is detected, the detector 990 sends a signal on its output.

[0803] The vibration event signature detector 990 is configured to analyze all sample values ​​S(i) between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C to detect the highest peak amplitude value Sp. The vibration event signature detector 990 has a first output 1021, which is coupled to the STOP input 1025 of the event signature time counter 1020.

[0804] The reference signal time counter 1010 is configured to calculate the duration between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C, thereby generating a first reference duration value TREF1 at the output 1030. To achieve this, for example, the reference signal time counter 1010 can be a clock timer that counts the time duration between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C. Additionally, the reference signal time counter 1010 can calculate the number of time slots between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C (see column #01 in Table 3).

[0805] The reference signal time counter 1010 can be configured to output the first reference duration value T via output 1030. REF1 The data is transmitted to the speed value generator 1035. The speed value generator 1035 can be configured to generate the rotational speed f of the impeller 20 based on the following: ROT Data:

[0806] The time duration between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C, and

[0807] Data indicating the number of position signal values ​​1 and 1C per revolution.

[0808] The number of position signal values ​​1 and 1C per revolution can be called the frequency f of the repeated reference position signal value. REF Therefore, the speed value generator 1035 can be configured to generate the rotational speed f of the impeller 20 based on the following: ROT Data:

[0809] Data indicating the time duration between two consecutive position signal values ​​1 and 1C, and

[0810] The frequency f of the repeating reference position signal value indicates the occurrence frequency. REF The data.

[0811] Therefore, for example, when the position signal P(i) (see...) Figure 23 The impeller speed f is calculated by including a reference signal value for each impeller revolution. ROT It is the first reference duration value T REF1 The reciprocal:

[0812] f ROT =1 / T REF1

[0813] Alternatively, when the position signal P(i) (see...) Figure 23 The impeller speed f is calculated when the reference signal value of the first quantity L per revolution of the impeller is included. ROT It is the first reference duration value T REF1 Multiply the reciprocal of the first quantity L by the reciprocal of the first quantity L:

[0814] f ROT =1 / (L*T) REF1 )

[0815] Therefore, if the first reference duration value T is measured in seconds... REF1 Then the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT It will be generated in the form of revolutions per second (RPS).

[0816] The speed value f of impeller 20 ROT These constitute the internal state parameters X3 and X3(r).

[0817] also, Figure 23 The state parameter extractors 450 and 450C can also generate a fourth internal state parameter X4, X4(r) indicating the impeller passing frequency. The impeller passing frequency X4, X4(r) can be generated by the passing frequency generator 1037 based on the rotational speed f. ROT It is generated based on the number of blades L on the impeller. For example... Figure 23 As shown, frequencies f can be provided for receiving signals. REF Input terminals 1038 and 1039 for quantity L. According to an example, input terminals 1038 and 1039 are integrated with user interfaces 210, 210S, 210B described elsewhere in this disclosure.

[0818] The impeller's passing frequencies X4 and X4(r) can be determined by the frequency generator 1037 through the rotational speed f. ROT The value is generated by multiplying the value by the number of blades L on the relevant impeller.

[0819] The event signature time counter 1020 is configured to calculate the duration from the occurrence of the location signal value 1, 1C to the occurrence of a pressure pulsation event (e.g., amplitude peak). This can be achieved as follows:

[0820] -When the START input terminal 1015 receives information from the position signal value detector 980 that the position signal value 1, 1C has occurred, the event signature time counter 1020 starts counting.

[0821] - When the STOP input 1025 receives information from the vibration event signature detector 990 that a vibration signal event (e.g., amplitude peak) has been detected in the received measurement value sequence S(i), the event signature time counter 1020 stops counting.

[0822] In this way, the event signature time counter 1020 can be configured to calculate the time duration from the occurrence of the position signal value 1, 1C to the occurrence of the amplitude peak. This time duration is referred to herein as the event phase duration value T. EPDEvent phase duration value T EPD It can be transmitted on the output terminal 1040.

[0823] Output 1040 is coupled to the input of relation generator 1050 to input the event phase duration value T. EPD Provided to relation generator 1050.

[0824] The relation generator 1050 also has an input that is coupled to receive a first reference duration value T from the output 1030 of the reference signal time counter 1010. RFF1 The relation generator 1050 is configured to generate a relation based on the received event phase duration value T. EPD and the received first reference duration value T RFF1 Generate a relational value X1. The relational value X1 can also be referred to as RT(r); TD; FI(r). The impeller 20 generates L relational values ​​X1 per revolution. Furthermore, the L relational values ​​X1 generated per revolution of the impeller can be averaged to generate a single value X1(r) per revolution of the impeller 20. In this way, the state parameter extractor 450C can be configured to provide an updated value X1(r) once per revolution.

[0825] For clarity, examples of the relevant value X1 are generated as follows: Please refer to column #03 in Table 4 and Figure 23 The vibration sample value S(i) is analyzed by the vibration event signature detector 990 to detect the vibration signal signature S. FP .

[0826] Vibration signal signature S FP This can be represented as the peak amplitude sample value Sp. Referring to Table 6, the highest vibration sample amplitude value S(i) can be detected through peak analysis. In the example shown, the vibration sample amplitude value S(i = 760) is detected as maintaining the highest peak value Sp.

[0827] Once the peak value Sp located in time slot 760 is detected, the time relationship value X1 can be established.

[0828] The reference position is represented by the data in column #02 of Table 6. The reference position is represented by the values ​​of phase angles FI and X1. As described in the disclosure related to Table 6 above, in column #02 of Table 6, two position signal sample values ​​P(i), carrying position signal values ​​1 and 1C, are represented by phase angles of 0 degrees and 360 degrees, respectively.

[0829] Therefore, columns #02 and #03 in Table 6 can be considered as representing the location of the detected event signature 205, and / or the physical location of the internal state indicator object 550, with an angular position of 213.75 degrees (see columns #03 and #03 in Table 6). Figure 16 and / or Figure 19A When the optimal operating point is at a zero-degree angle, such as... Figure 19A As shown, an angle of 213.75 degrees indicates a deviation from the optimal operating point of 213.75 degrees.

[0830] However, as discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, when the operating points 550 and 205 change from below the BEP to above the BEP, the phase angles FI and X1 appear to undergo a phase shift of approximately 180 degrees, or vice versa. Therefore, analyzing the current phase angle parameter values ​​FI and X1 relative to the reference direction ( Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 and Figure 19A The deviations (represented as zero (0) degrees and 360 degrees) appear to be meaningful.

[0831] Therefore, any phase angle parameter value FI or X1 exceeding 180 degrees can be converted into a phase deviation value FI. DEV ,in,

[0832] FI DEF =FI--360

[0833] Therefore, when the phase angle parameters FI and X1 are 213.75 degrees (see column #03 in Table 6), Figure 16 and / or Figure 19A If ), then the corresponding phase deviation value FI DEV for:

[0834] FI DEV =FI--360=213.75-360=-146.25 degrees

[0835] Therefore, refer to Figure 19A As shown in column #02 of Table 6, the phase angle FI appears to indicate the relationship between the current operating point and the optimal efficiency point (BEP). In other words, when the pump is operating at the BEP flow rate, the phase angle Φ(r) = FI(r) may exhibit a predetermined value. When the phase angle Φ(r) = FI(r) deviates from the predetermined value, this deviation appears to indicate that the operation is deviating from the BEP flow rate condition. Figure 19A In the example shown, the predetermined value is zero (0), therefore the status indicator object 550 indicates that the pump is operating under BEP flow conditions. BEP Displays a zero-degree phase angle. Therefore, it operates at optimal efficiency at 550. BEP =550(p+4) The state indication object may have a phase angle Φ(r) = FI(r) = Φ(p+4) = 0 degrees.

[0836] Therefore, the deviation value indicating the current running point's deviation from the BEP can be obtained through the following method:

[0837] Calculate the distance from the first reference signal occurring at sample number N0 = 0 to sample number N. B = The total number of samples of the second reference signal occurring in 1280 (N) B -N0=N B -0 = N B =1280), and

[0838] Calculate the distance from the first reference signal occurring at sample number N0 = 0 to sample number N. P Another number of samples (N) of the peak amplitude value Sp that occurred in the middle. P -N0=N P -0 = N P ),as well as

[0839] According to the other quantity N P and the total number N B Generate the first time relationship (X1, R) T (r); TD; FI(r)). This can be summarized as:

[0840] X1(r)=FI(r)=R T (r)=R T (760)=(N P -N0) / (N B -N0)=(760-0) / (1280-0)

[0841] When the above relationship is expressed as phase angle FI, then:

[0842] FI(r)=360*760 / 1280=213.75 degrees

[0843] Therefore, information indicating or identifying the instantaneous running point X1 can be generated using the following method:

[0844] Calculate the total number of samples (N) from the first reference signal to the second reference signal. B ),as well as

[0845] Calculate from the first reference signal to the number of samples N P Another number of samples (N) of the peak amplitude value Sp that occurred in the middle. P ),as well as

[0846] Based on the number of samples N P and the total number of samples (i.e., N) B The first time relation (X1, R) is generated from the relationship between X1 and R. T (r); T D ;FI(r)).

[0847] When the phase angle parameter values ​​FI and X1 exceed 180 degrees, they can be converted into the phase deviation value FIDEV, where,

[0848] FI DEV =FI--360

[0849] In this case, when

[0850] FI(r)=360*760 / 1280=213.75 degrees

[0851] The corresponding phase deviation value FI DEV for:

[0852] FI DEV =FI--360=213.75-360=-146.25 degrees

[0853] like Figure 19A As shown.

[0854] For clarity, Figure 19A The phase angle parameter value FI(p+1) and the corresponding phase deviation value FI of the status indicator object 550(p+1) are also shown. DEV (p+1).

[0855] also, Figure 19A The phase deviation value FI corresponding to the phase angle parameter value FI(r-1) of the status indication object 550(r-1) is also shown. DEV (r-1).

[0856] The relation generator 1050 can generate updates to the relation value X1, and the transmission frequency depends on the rotational speed of the impeller 20. The transmission frequency can be adjusted according to the processing capacity of the data processing device 350 (e.g., see...). Figure 3 The status parameter extractor 450C can be configured to transmit update values ​​FI(r) and X1(r) every 100 revolutions. Alternatively, update values ​​FI(r) and X1(r) can be transmitted, for example, every 10 revolutions.

[0857] Alternatively, the state parameter extractor 450C can also be configured to transmit an update value X1(r) once per revolution. In this way, the transmitted update value of X1(r) can be based on the L value generated within one revolution. The most recent update value r of the first internal state parameter X1(r) can be transmitted at the output terminal 1060 of the first state parameter extractor.

[0858] refer to Figure 23The vibration event signature detector 990 can be configured to detect peak amplitude sample values ​​Sp. The vibration event signature detector 990 has an output terminal 1070 for transmitting the detected peak amplitude Sp of the vibration signal. The detected peak amplitude Sp of the vibration signal can be transmitted from the output terminal 1070 of the vibration signal peak amplitude detector 990 to the output terminal 1080 of the state parameter extractor 450C. Output terminal 1080 constitutes the output terminal of the second state parameter extractor, used to transmit a second internal state parameter X2(r), also referred to as Sp(r). The transmission frequency of the second internal state parameter X2(r) is the same as the transmission frequency of the first internal state parameter X1(r).

[0859] Furthermore, the first internal state parameter X1(r) and the second internal state parameter X2(r) are preferably transmitted simultaneously as a set of internal state parameter data (X1(r); X2(r)). In the symbol X1(r), "r" represents the number of samples in the time slot, that is, the increase of the value of "r" represents the passage of time, in the same way as the number "i" in column #01 of Table 3.

[0860] Improved pumps to deliver fluids at various flow rates

[0861] One problem addressed by this disclosure is how to improve the pumping process of a centrifugal pump. This problem is solved, for example, by a system including a pump 10 with an adaptive volute and a vibration sensor.

[0862] Another problem this disclosure addresses is how to improve the pumping process of a centrifugal pump under dynamic and variable fluid system conditions. This problem can be solved, for example, by a system including a pump 10 with an adaptive volute and a vibration sensor, and a method for operating the system.

[0863] Figure 24 The diagram shows an adaptive volute 75A and sensors 70, 70. 77 70 78 Pump 10.

[0864] Based on data from sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 The vibration data is used to control the volume of the volute by adjusting its cross-sectional area, thereby achieving the optimal efficiency flow rate operating point while changing the rotational speed. Therefore, the operating speed f of the impeller 20... ROT The flow rate can be controlled according to the required flow rate, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the adaptive volute is controlled according to at least one of the internal state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm disclosed herein, such as parameters X1(r) and FI(r).

[0865] The advantage of this solution is its ability to provide the required flow rate Q. OUTAt the same time, the internal state of the pump is kept at the point of optimal efficiency operation, or basically at the point of optimal efficiency operation.

[0866] This solution can also provide the required flow rate through laminar or near-laminar flow while maintaining the pump's internal state at or near its optimal efficiency operating point under dynamic and variable fluid system conditions. The benefit of this is that fluid pulsation can be minimized or eliminated, thereby facilitating fluid transfer. Furthermore, this solution also minimizes or eliminates turbulence, thus advantageously transferring fluids. Minimizing or eliminating turbulence is valuable in many industries; for example, in the dairy industry, there is a need to transport fluids that may be adversely affected by turbulence, such as dairy products.

[0867] For the operation and function of pumps 10 and 10A, please refer to WO 2021 / 055879, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

[0868] like Figure 24 The settings shown can be used in conjunction with the example state parameter extractors 450 and 450C illustrated in this disclosure. Reference Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B ,like Figure 24 As shown, a setting is provided to generate a marker signal P(i), which is transmitted to the impeller speed value generator 500. Therefore, during impeller 20 rotation, the impeller speed value generator 500 will receive a marker signal P(i) with a position indicator signal value every 360 / L degrees. Thus, when the rotational speed f... ROT At a constant speed, during the rotation of impeller 20, the fast Fourier transform converter 510 receives a marker signal value P(j) = 1 from the speed value generator 500 every 360 / L degrees. Alternatively, when the rotational speed f... ROT During the change, while the impeller 20 is rotating, the fast Fourier converter 510 will receive the marker signal value P(q) = 1 from the extractors 470, 470B every 360 / L degrees.

[0869] Furthermore, when the velocity value generator 500 receives a marker signal P(i) with a position indication signal value (e.g., P(i) = 1) every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the impeller 20, the velocity value generator will be able to generate even more precise velocity values ​​f. ROT (j).

[0870] Regarding the appropriate setting of FFT 510 when a marker signal value P(j) = 1 is received every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of impeller 20, this means that the fundamental frequency will be the repetition frequency f. R .

[0871] Referring again to Fourier series (see equation 6 below):

[0872] n = ∞

[0873] F(t)=∑C n sin(nωt+Φ n (Equation 6)

[0874] n=0

[0875] in,

[0876] The average value of the signal over a period of time when n = 0 (it can be zero, but does not have to be zero).

[0877] n = 1 corresponds to the fundamental frequency of the signal F(t).

[0878] n = 2 corresponds to the first harmonic component of the signal F(t).

[0879] ω = the angular frequency of interest, i.e. (2πf) R )

[0880] f R =The frequency of attention, expressed in cycles per second.

[0881] t = time,

[0882] Φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial,

[0883] C n = The amplitude of the nth partial.

[0884] In this embodiment, it should be noted that when the FFT 510 receives a marker signal value P(j) = 1 every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the impeller 20, the fundamental frequency will be one for each blade 310.

[0885] As mentioned above, the FFT 510 settings should take the reference signal into account. As mentioned above, the position signals P(j) and P(q) (see...) Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B It can be used as a reference signal for digital measurement signals S(j) and S(q).

[0886] According to some embodiments, the FFT analyzer is configured to receive a reference signal, i.e., position signals P(j), P(q), P, every 360 / L degrees during the rotation of the impeller 20. S P C When L is the number of blades 310 in impeller 20, the FFT analyzer can be set to meet the following criteria:

[0887] The integer value Oi is set to one, that is, equal to 1, and

[0888] Select the configurable variable OMAX and B n This makes the mathematical expression

[0889] Oi*B n / Y

[0890] It becomes a positive integer.

[0891] In other words: when the integer value Oi is set to equal to 1, the variable O can be set. MAX and B n It should be set to an integer value so that variable N R It is a positive integer.

[0892] Where, N R =Oi*B n / O MAX

[0893] Using the above settings, that is, the integer value Oi is set to equal to 1, and referring to the above... Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B According to Equation 6, FFT 510 can transmit an amplitude value C of n=1. n That is, C1 = Sp(r). The FFT 510 can also transmit the phase angle of the fundamental frequency (n = 1), that is, Φ1 = FI(r).

[0894] Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the FFT 510 receives a reference signal, i.e., position signals P(j), P(q), P(j), P(q), P(q) every 360 degrees during one revolution of the impeller 20. S P C When L is the number of blades 310 in impeller 20, the FFT analyzer can be configured to generate the repetition frequency f. R The phase angle Φ of the signal with frequency L. L Where L is the number of blades 310 in the rotating impeller 20.

[0895] refer to Figure 15A and / or Figure 15B As shown in Figure 1 and Equation 6 above, the state values ​​Sp(r) = C1 and FI(r) = Φ1 can be transmitted to the Human-Machine Interface (HCI) 210 to provide a visual indication of the analysis results. As described above, the displayed analysis results can include information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump process, enabling the operator 230 to control the centrifugal pump.

[0896] refer to Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19A and Figure 19B The example illustration of the visual indication of the analysis results is effective for the setting of the rotary pump impeller 20, such as... Figure 24As shown, the FFT 510 will receive marker signals P(i), P(j), and P(q) with position indication signal values ​​every 360 / L degrees, where L is the number of blades 310 in the impeller 20.

[0897] Although the above discussion of the setup of the FFT510 involves Fourier series and equations 5 and 6 for the purpose of conveying an intuitive understanding of the background of the FFT transformer 510 setup, it should be noted that its use in digital signal processing may involve the Discrete Fourier Transform (see equation 7 below):

[0898] Equation 7:

[0899]

[0900] Therefore, according to embodiments of this disclosure, the aforementioned Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) can be incorporated into signal processing for generating data indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump, for example, as discussed in the embodiment in conjunction with the state parameter extractor 450. In this regard, reference is made to, for example... Figure 3 , Figure 4 , Figure 5 Figure 15 and / or Figure 24 Given the above discussion on the topics of FFT and Fourier series, the Discrete Fourier Transform will not be discussed in further detail, as the technical reader of this disclosure is already very familiar with it.

[0901] In summary, regarding the appropriate settings of FFT 510 and Equations 5 and 6 above, attention should be paid to the phase angle (i.e., Φ) of the nth partial. n This can indicate information for identifying instantaneous running points. Specifically, the phase angle of the nth partial (i.e., Φ) n The position of the toe 205 can be indicated as a portion of the distance between two adjacent blades 310 in the rotating impeller 20. Referring to Table 6 and Figure 14 above, the total distance between two adjacent blades can be considered as 360 degrees, and the phase angle value of the nth fraction (i.e., Φn) divided by 360 degrees can indicate a percentage of the total distance between two adjacent blades. This can be seen, for example, by comparing column #2 in Tables 5 and 6 above. As mentioned above, Φ n = Phase angle of the nth partial, C n = The amplitude of the nth tone. As discussed above, considering the number of blades L in the rotating impeller 20, the number of generated reference signals, and the resulting order Oi of the signal of interest, the FFT 510 can be set to transmit the phase angle Φ of the nth tone. n The amplitude C of the nth partial n This makes the phase angle of the nth partial (i.e., Φ) nThis can indicate information for identifying instantaneous running points. Furthermore, as mentioned above, FFT 510 can be set such that variable N... R Let be a positive integer, where,

[0902] N R =Oi*B n / O MAX

[0903] And among them,

[0904] Oi is set to an integer value, for example, the number L of blades 310.

[0905] O MAX Set to an integer value,

[0906] B n It is set to an integer value.

[0907] refer to Figure 24 Example system 700 includes an adaptive volute 75A and sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 Centrifugal pumps 10 and 10A.

[0908] The adaptive volute 75A of this disclosure may include one or more mechanisms for adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute, thereby maintaining a nearly uniform hydrostatic pressure around the impeller disposed within the housing 62 of the pump 10, i.e., optimal efficiency operation (BEP) (see also...). Figure 14A and 14D (Related discussion). For example, the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute can be increased or decreased according to one or more operating parameters of the pump and / or fluid system to change the optimal operating efficiency of the pump, thereby maintaining high operating efficiency under different conditions. One or more operating parameters may include one or more internal state parameters disclosed in this disclosure, such as internal state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the exponent m is a positive integer, as shown in, for example, in combination with... Figure 2C The subject of discussion.

[0909] Therefore, for example, the first parameter values, namely the first polar angle X1(r), FI(r), Φ(r), and T, can be used as a basis. D T D1 The operating point of the pump can be moved by increasing or decreasing the area of ​​the volute.

[0910] Alternatively, the second parameter value, i.e., the detected amplitude values ​​X2(r), Sp(r), and S, can be used as the basis. P1 (Indicates the detected fluid pressure pulsation P) FP The amplitude of the volute (the area of ​​the volute) can be increased or decreased to move the pump's operating point. According to another example, the volute area can be increased or decreased to change the pump's BEP (Body Equivalent Point) based on the following parameters:

[0911] - The first parameter value, i.e., the first polar angle X1(r), and based on

[0912] - The second parameter value, i.e. the detected amplitude value X2(r)Sp(r).

[0913] Figure 24 The adaptive centrifugal pump 10A has an impeller 20, which rotates at a speed f under the drive of the shaft 710 during operation. ROT Rotation. The shaft is driven to rotate by a drive motor 715. The shaft 710 can be connected to the drive motor 715 via a gearbox 716.

[0914] refer to Figure 24 Sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 It can be mounted on housing 62 to generate pressure pulsations P that depend on the fluid material in the pump. FP Vibration signal S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q). Vibration sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 It can include combination Figure 2A One or more publicly disclosed sensors.

[0915] Pump 10A may also be equipped with a position sensor 170 to generate position signals EP, PS, P(i), P(j), and P(q) to indicate the rotational position of the impeller 20 relative to the housing 62. Figure 24 As shown, a position marking device 180 associated with the impeller 20 can be provided such that when the impeller 20 rotates about the rotation axis 60, the position marking 180 passes the position sensor 170 once per revolution of the impeller, thereby causing the position sensor 170 to generate a rotation marking signal value PS. Figure 24 The image shows position marker 180 connected to axis 710, but this is only an example. The position signals EP, PS, P(i), P(j), and P(q) are generated in the same manner as disclosed elsewhere in this disclosure (e.g., reference to [reference needed]). Figure 2A (Disclosure of position sensor 170 and position marker 180).

[0916] As mentioned above, Figure 24 The centrifugal pump 10A in this model features an adaptive volute 75A. (Reference) Figure 24 Example pump 10A includes a housing 62A having a movable volute boundary wall 720. The volute boundary wall 720 is movable in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation 60.

[0917] The movable volute boundary wall 720 can form a plane perpendicular to the rotation axis 60. The movable volute boundary wall 720 is curved, and its inner radius can be the same as the radius R of the impeller 20. MIC Correspondingly (see) Figure 24 and Figure 14D Part II). The outer radius of the movable volute boundary wall 720 gradually widens to accommodate the pump volute 62A.

[0918] The movable volute boundary wall 720 can be coupled to an actuator 725, which is configured to respond to a volume setpoint signal V. PSP U2 SP This causes the movable volute boundary wall 720 to move 727. Accordingly, the actuator can be configured to move the movable volute boundary wall 720 in one direction 727E, thereby responding to the volume setpoint signal V. PSP U2 SP The provided "expansion value" causes the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute to expand. Similarly, the actuator can be configured to move the movable volute boundary wall 720 along a direction 727C, which causes the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute to contract, i.e., decrease, in response to the volume setpoint signal V. PSP U2 SP The provided "reduction value" allows for adjustment of the volume of the volute 75A, thereby achieving a certain impeller speed f. ROT Below, a controlled variable flow rate Q is output from pump outlet 66. OUT (see Figure 24 as well as Figure 2A , Figure 2D , Figure 2E , Figures 14A to 14G (Any of the figures in the text).

[0919] According to the data from sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 By analyzing vibration data and adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute to control its volume, the rotational speed f can be changed. ROT At the same time, it achieves the optimal efficiency flow operating point. Therefore, the operating speed f of impeller 20 ROT The flow rate can be controlled according to the required flow rate, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the adaptive volute is controlled according to at least one of the internal state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm disclosed herein, such as parameters X1(r) and FI(r).

[0920] The advantage of this solution is that it provides the required flow rate Q. OUT At the same time, it can keep the pump’s internal state at the required operating point related to BEP, such as the optimal efficiency operating point, or basically at the optimal efficiency operating point.

[0921] refer to Figure 24The centrifugal pump controller 240 can be configured to provide the impeller speed setpoint U1. S P 、 f ROTSP In order to control the rotational speed f of impeller 20 ROT According to some embodiments, the set value U1 SP f ROTSP Set by operator 230.

[0922] As discussed above, the centrifugal pump controller 240 can also be configured to provide a volume setpoint signal V. PSP U2 SP This is to control the volume of fluid exiting the impeller per revolution. According to some embodiments, the setpoint U2... SP V PSP Set by operator 230.

[0923] To assist operator 230, the control room may include HCI 210, 210S (see also) Figure 1A (and / Figure 1B), coupled to the analysis device 150 or monitoring module 150A, configured to provide information indicating the internal state X of the centrifugal pump 10. The HCI 210 may include a display 210S, which can be configured to communicate and combine... Figure 16 , Figure 17 , Figure 18 , Figure 19A , Figure 19B , Figure 19C , Figure 19D , Figure 19E and / or Figure 19F One or more pieces of information.

[0924] Therefore, system 700 provides an improved user interface 210, 210S, 250, enabling operator 230 to control pump 10A, thereby improving the pumping process of centrifugal pump 10A.

[0925] Figure 25A Another example system 700R is shown, including a 75A with an adaptive volute. R and sensor 70, 70 77 70 78 Pump 10A, 10A R . Figure 25A The display shows pump 10A. R The cross-sectional side view, that is, the view in which the impeller rotation axis 60 is parallel to the plane of the paper.

[0926] Figure 25B yes Figure 25A Pump 10A shown R A top-view cross-section.

[0927] Figure 25Aand Figure 25B The system 700R shown may include the above-mentioned combination Figure 24 The features of the disclosed and described system 700 are described, but in the example pump 10A R In the example system 700R, the radial outer boundary wall 732 of the adaptive volute is movable.

[0928] As described above, the centrifugal pump 10A in Figure 25 R Features adaptive volute 75A R . refer to Figure 25A Example pump 10A R Includes a housing 62A R The casing has a movable volute boundary wall 732. The movable volute boundary wall 732 is movable in a direction perpendicular to the rotation axis 60 of the impeller 20. The movable volute boundary wall 732 can form a movable spiral 732. In this way, the movable spiral wall 732 can adapt to the adaptive volute 75A. R The width can be gradually increased in an adjustable manner.

[0929] The movable volute boundary wall 732R can be coupled to an actuator 725R, which is configured to respond to a volume setpoint signal V. PSP U2 SP This results in radial movement 727 of the movable volute boundary wall 732R. Accordingly, the actuator 725R can be configured to move the movable volute boundary wall 732R along a direction 727E, in response to a volume setpoint signal V that provides an "expansion value". PSP U2 SP This causes the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute to expand. Similarly, the actuator can be configured to move the movable volute boundary wall 720 along a direction 727C, which causes the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute to contract, i.e., decrease, in response to the volume setpoint signal V. PSP U2 SP The provided "reduction value" allows for adjustment of the volute 75A. R The volume, thus enabling it to operate at a certain impeller speed f ROT The variable flow rate Q is controlled from pump outlet 66. OUT (see Figure 25A and / or 25B and Figure 2A , Figure 2D , Figure 2E , Figures 14A to 14G (Any one in the picture).

[0930] According to the data from sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 By analyzing vibration data and adjusting the cross-sectional area of ​​the volute to control its volume, the rotational speed f can be changed. ROTAt the same time, it achieves the optimal efficiency flow operating point. Therefore, the operating speed f of impeller 20 ROT The flow rate can be controlled according to the required flow rate, and the cross-sectional area of ​​the adaptive volute is determined based on the internal state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., X... disclosed in this paper. m At least one of them is controlled, for example, parameters X1(r) and FI(r).

[0931] refer to Figure 24 as well as Figure 25A and 25B When the operator wants to increase the flow rate Q of pump 10 OUT At this time, the operator can set the impeller speed f. ROTSP Adjust to a higher value until the desired pump flow rate Q is achieved. OUT Conversely, when the operator wants to reduce the flow rate Q of pump 10... OUT At this time, the operator can set the impeller speed f. ROTSP Adjust to a lower value until the desired pump flow rate Q is achieved. OUT .

[0932] The advantage of this solution is that it provides the required traffic Q. OUT Simultaneously, it can maintain the pump's internal state at the desired operating point related to the Optimal Efficiency Operating Point (BEP). When the pump needs to be operated at or near the Optimal Efficiency Operating Point, the operator can set the flow rate setpoint signal value V. PSP U2 SP Adjust to a value so that parameters X1 and FI adopt reference values ​​corresponding to the optimal efficiency operating point. For a single pump, the FI value corresponding to the optimal efficiency operating point may depend on sensors 180 and 70 at pumps 10, 10A, and 10A. R The physical location on it.

[0933] Figure 24 and Figure 25A and Figure 25B The diagram shows the provision of adaptive volute 75A, 75A R Different configurations of the pumps are described, but it should be noted that this disclosure is not limited to the pump configurations illustrated. The configurations and functions of pumps 10 and 10A may be as disclosed in WO2021 / 055879, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Those skilled in the art will understand further features and advantages of this disclosure based on the above embodiments. Therefore, this disclosure is not limited to what has been specifically shown and described, except as specified in the appended claims.

[0934] Figure 26 A schematic diagram and a schematic diagram of another embodiment of system 730 are shown, the system including an adaptive volute 75A, 75AR and sensor 70, 70 77 70 78 Pump 10A, 10A R .exist Figure 25A In the image, pump 10A is shown as a sectional side view, that is, a view in which the impeller rotation axis 60 is parallel to the plane of the paper.

[0935] Figure 26 System 730 may include and be configured with components from any other embodiment described in this disclosure, such as those associated with Figures 1 through 25. Specifically, Figure 26 The devices 150, 150A shown can be configured according to any other embodiment described in this disclosure (e.g., the embodiment associated with Figures 1 to 25).

[0936] However, in Figure 26 In the embodiment of system 730 shown, device 150 includes a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. Although device 150 is illustrated as two boxes in the figures, it should be understood that device 150 may be provided as a single entity 150 including monitoring module 150A and control module 150B, as shown in Uniform Reference 150.

[0937] System 730 is configured to control adaptive volutes 75A, 75A R and sensor 70, 70 77 70 78 Pump 10A, 10A R The internal state of.

[0938] System 730 may include components for generating pumps 10A and 10A. R Devices 170 and 180 are used to generate position signals related to the rotational position of the impeller 20. Devices 170 and 180 may include position sensor 170 and marker 180, as described in other parts of this disclosure, for generating time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), and P(q).

[0939] Provide sensor 70, 70 77 70 78 It is configured to generate P that depends on the pressure pulsation of the fluid material. FP Vibration signal S EA S MD Se(i), S(j), S(q). Vibration signal S EA Se(i), S(j), and S(q) may include the time series of vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), and S(q).

[0940] The apparatus 150 of system 730 may include a monitoring module 150A and a control module 150B. The monitoring module 150A includes state parameter extractors 450 and 450C, which are configured to detect the first occurrence of a first reference position signal value in the time series of position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), and P(q) (see Tables 2, 3, and 4 above, where column #2 shows position signals with values ​​1 and 1C).

[0941] The state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to detect the second occurrence of the second reference position signal values ​​1, 1C, and 360 degrees in the time series of the position signal sample values ​​P(i), P(j), and P(q). The state parameter extractors 450 and 450C can also be configured to detect the event signature S in the time series of vibration sample values ​​Se(i), S(j), and S(q). P (r); the occurrence of Sp.

[0942] The state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate data indicating the first temporal relationship FI(r), X1(r) between the following items:

[0943] Event signature occurs, and

[0944] The first time it happened and the second time it happened.

[0945] As described above, system 730 includes control module 150B, which is configured to receive indication pumps 10A and 10A from pump monitoring modules 150 and 150A. R Data indicating the internal state. Data indicating the internal state may include any information generated or transmitted by the state parameter extractor 450, as described in this disclosure with respect to any of Figures 1 to 25. Reference Figure 26 The control module 150B includes a regulator 755 for controlling the adaptive volute (75A) based on the following:

[0946] Run point reference value FI REF (r)(see also) Figure 26 ),

[0947] The first time relationship FI(r), X1(r) (see Figures 1 to 25), and

[0948] Run point error value FI REF (r)(see also) Figure 26 ).

[0949] Run point error value (FI) REF (r) depends on the running point reference value FI REF (r) and the first time relationship R T (r), TD FI(r) (see also) Figures 3 to 26 Run point reference value FI REF (r) can be entered manually ( Figure 26 (Not shown in the image) can be generated, but it can also be combined as shown above, for example. Figure 1A and / or Figure 1B To accomplish as discussed.

[0950] like Figure 26 As shown, the running point error value (FI) ERR (r) can depend on the running point reference value FI REF (r) and the first-time relationship R T (r), T D The difference between FI(r) and X1(r).

[0951] Regulator 755 can be configured to operate based on the reference value FI. REF (r) Control operating parameters, such as impeller speed and / or adaptive volute cross-sectional area.

[0952] The state parameter extractor 450 can be configured to generate the first time relationship R. T (r); T D ;FI(r);X1(r), as the phase angle (FI(r)).

[0953] The regulator 755 can be configured to include a proportional-integral-derived controller (PID controller). Alternatively, the regulator 755 can be configured to include a proportional-integral controller (PI controller). Additionally, the regulator 755 can be configured to include a proportional controller (P controller).

[0954] Alternatively, regulator 755 can be configured to include Kalman filtering, also known as linear quadratic estimation (LQE). Kalman filtering is an algorithm that uses a series of measurements observed over time, including statistical noise and other inaccuracies, and estimates the unknown variable by estimating the joint probability distribution of the variable within each time frame. This estimation tends to be more accurate than an estimation based solely on a single measurement.

[0955] Figure 27 A schematic block diagram of a distributed process monitoring system 770 is shown. Reference numeral 780 refers to a client location having a pump 10 with a rotatable impeller 20, as discussed above with respect to the foregoing figures in this document. Client location 780, also referred to as a client section or pump location 780, could be, for example, a site of a mining company, or, for example, a manufacturing pump used to produce cement.

[0956] When one sensor 70 or several sensors 70, 7077 70 78 The distributed process monitoring system 770 is operational when attached to or at a measurement point on the pump.

[0957] Measurement signal S EA and E P (See Figure 1 for example) Figure 27 , Figure 26 (Figure 25) can be coupled to the input port of the pump position communication device 790. The pump position communication device 790 may include a device for measuring signal S. EA and E P The analog-to-digital converter 795 performs A / D conversion. The A / D converter 975 can operate as disclosed elsewhere in this document regarding the A / D converter 330, for example, in conjunction with... Figure 3 and Figure 5 The pump position communication device 790 has a communication port 800 for bidirectional data exchange. This communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820, to realize data exchange corresponding to the measurement signal S. EA and E P The communication network 810 can be the World Wide Web, also known as the Internet. The communication network 810 may also include a public switched telephone network.

[0958] Server computer 830 is connected to communication network 810. Server 830 may include database 840, user input / output interface 850, data processing hardware 852, and communication port 855. Server computer 830 is located at server location 860, which is geographically spaced from pump location 780. Server location 860 may be in a first city, such as Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, while pump location 780 may be in a rural area near the pump, and / or in another country, such as Norway, Australia, or the United States. Alternatively, server location 860 may be in a first part of a country, while pump location 780 may be in another part of the same country. Server location 860 may also be referred to as supplier component 860 or supplier location 860.

[0959] According to one example, a central control location 870 includes a monitoring computer 880 with data processing hardware and software for monitoring and / or controlling the internal status of pump 10 at a remote pump location 780. The monitoring computer 880 may also be referred to as a control computer 880. The control computer 880 may include a database 890, a user input / output interface 900, and data processing hardware 910, as well as communication ports 920, 920A, or several communication ports 920, 920A, 920B. The central control location 870 may be geographically separated from the pump location 780. The central control location 870 may be in a first city, such as Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, while the pump location 780 may be in a rural area near the pump, and / or in another country, such as Norway, Australia, or the United States. Alternatively, the central control location 870 may be in a first part of a country, while the pump location 780 may be in another part of the same country. The control computer 880 may be coupled to communicate with a pump location communication device 790 via communication ports 920, 920A. Therefore, the control computer 880 can receive the measurement signal S from the pump position communication device 790 via the communication network 810. EA and E P (See Figure 1 for example) Figure 27 , Figure 26 (Figure 25).

[0960] System 770 can be configured to receive measurement signal S in real time or near real time. EA and E P Alternatively, it may be able to monitor and / or control pump 10 in real time from location 870. Furthermore, control computer 880 may include monitoring modules 150, 150A as disclosed in any example of this document, for example, as shown in Figures 1 to 150 above. Figure 26 Any of them that are publicly disclosed.

[0961] The supplier company can occupy server location 860. The supplier company can sell and deliver device 150 and / or monitoring module 150A and / or software for such device 150 and / or monitoring module 150A. Therefore, the supplier company can sell and deliver software for control computer 880 at central control location 870. Such software 370, 390, 400, for example, combines... Figure 4 This will be discussed. Such software 370, 390, 400 can be transmitted via transmission over the communication network 810. Alternatively, such software 370, 390, 400 can be transmitted as a computer-readable medium 360 for storing program code. Therefore, computer programs 370, 390, 400 can be provided as articles of manufacture including a computer storage medium in which the computer program is encoded.

[0962] According to an exemplary embodiment of system 770, monitoring computer 880 can, for example, receive measurement signals S from pump position communication device 790 substantially continuously via communication network 810. EA and E P (See Figure 1 for example) Figure 27 , Figure 26 (Figure 25) to enable continuous or nearly continuous monitoring of the internal state of pump 10. The user input / output interface 900 at the central control location 870 may include a screen 900S for displaying images and data, as discussed elsewhere in this document in conjunction with HCI 210. Therefore, the user input / output interface 900 may include a display or screen 900S, 210S for providing visual indications of the analysis results. The displayed analysis results may include information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump process, enabling the operator 930 at the central control location 870 to control the centrifugal pump 10.

[0963] Furthermore, the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to transmit information indicating the internal status of the centrifugal pump process to the HCI 210 via communication ports 920, 920B and via communication network 810. In this way, the monitoring computer 880 at the central control location 870 can be configured to enable the operator 230 at the client location 780 to control the centrifugal pump. The local operator 230 at the client location 780 can be located in the control room 220 (see...). Figure 1A and / or Figure 1B and / or Figure 27 Therefore, client locations 780, 220 may include a second pump location communication device 790B. The second pump location communication device 790B has a communication port 800B for bidirectional data exchange, and the communication port 800B can be connected to the communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820B.

[0964] Although two position communication devices 790 and 790B have been described for clarity, alternatively, a single pump position communication device 790 and 790B and / or a single communication port 800 and 800B may be provided for bidirectional data exchange. Therefore, items 790 and 790B can be integrated into a single unit at pump position 780, and similarly, items 820 and 820B can be integrated into a single unit at pump position 780.

[0965] Figure 28 A schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of the distributed process monitoring system 940 is shown. Reference numeral 780 relates to the pump location of pump 10, which has a rotatable impeller 20, as discussed above with respect to the foregoing figures in this document. Figure 28The distributed process monitoring system 940 may include components and is configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, with respect to Figures 1 to 12. Figure 28 As described. Specifically, Figure 28 The monitoring device 150 shown, also referred to as monitoring module 150A, can be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, with respect to Figures 1 to 150A. Figure 28 As described. Specifically, Figure 28 The process monitoring system 940 shown can be configured to include a monitoring module 150A, such as in combination with Figure 27 It is publicly available, but located at the central control position 870.

[0966] In addition, Figure 28 In the process monitoring system 940 shown, pump location 780 includes control module 150B, as described above. Figure 26 As described.

[0967] Therefore, the internal state of pump 10 can be automatically controlled by control module 150B located at or near pump position 780, while monitoring computer 880 at central control position 870 can be configured to transmit information indicating the internal state of the centrifugal pump process to HCI 900, 900S, so that operator 930 at central control position 870 can monitor the internal state of centrifugal pump 10.

[0968] Measurement signal S EA S EA77 S EA78 and E P (See Figure 1 for example) Figure 27 , Figure 26 (Figure 25) can be coupled to the input port of the pump position communication device 790. The pump position communication device 790 may include a device for measuring signal S. EA S EA77 S EA78 and E P The analog-to-digital converter 795 performs A / D conversion. The A / D converter 975 can operate as disclosed elsewhere in this document regarding the A / D converter 330, for example, in conjunction with... Figure 3 and Figure 5 The pump position communication device 790 has a communication port 800 for bidirectional data exchange. The communication port 800 can be connected to a communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820. The communication port 800 can be connected to the communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820, to implement [something] corresponding to the measurement signal S. EA S EA77 S EA78 and E P The transmission of digital data.

[0969] Furthermore, the client location 780 may include a second pump location communication device 790B. The second pump location communication device 790B has a communication port 800B for bidirectional data exchange, and the communication port 800B can be connected to the communication network 810, for example, via a data interface 820B, so that data indicating the internal state of the pump 10 can be received by the control module 150B.

[0970] like Figure 28 As shown, data indicating the internal status of pump 10 can be generated by monitoring module 150A located at central position 870.

[0971] Although for the sake of clarity, Figure 28 Two position communication devices 790 and 790B are described, but alternatively, a single pump position communication device 790 and 790B and / or a single communication port 800 and 800B may be provided for bidirectional data exchange. Therefore, items 790 and 790B can be integrated into a single unit at pump position 780, and similarly, items 820 and 820B can be integrated into a single unit at pump position 780.

[0972] Figure 29 A schematic block diagram of yet another embodiment of the distributed process control system 950 is shown. Similarly, reference numeral 780 relates to the pump position of pump 10, which has a rotatable impeller 20, as discussed above with respect to the foregoing figures in this document. Figure 29 The distributed process monitoring system 950 may be a component and configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, with respect to Figures 1 to 12. Figure 28 As described. Specifically, Figure 28 and Figure 29 The monitoring device 150 shown, also referred to as monitoring module 150A, can be configured as described in any other embodiment described in this disclosure, for example, as shown in conjunction with Figures 1 to 150A. Figure 28 The subject of discussion. Furthermore, Figure 29 The process monitoring system 950 shown can be configured to include the above-mentioned combination Figure 26 The described control module 150B and how it is combined Figure 27 The publicly disclosed monitoring module is 150A.

[0973] exist Figure 29 In the example, monitoring module 150A and control module 150B are located at control position 870. Control position 870 may be located remotely from pump position 780. Data communication between control position 870 and pump position 780 may be provided via data ports 820 and 920 and communication network 810, as discussed above in conjunction with the preceding figures.

[0974] Figure 30A An explanation of the repeating flow pattern of centrifugal pump 10 when operating at a flow rate below BEP is shown. Figure 30B and Figure 30C as well as Figure 30A An advantageous positioning of the vibration sensor 70 is shown and discussed, which is believed to explain why such sensor positioning is advantageous.

[0975] As discussed elsewhere in this disclosure, when the pump is operating at a flow rate below the BEP flow rate, the static pressure P in the wider volute portion 78 78 The static pressure P is higher than that in the narrower volute section 77. 77 :

[0976] P 78 >P 77

[0977] Figure 30A Part III shows the rotational position of the impeller 20, where the blade tip 310A passes directly past the volute tongue 65. Here, the blade tip 310A is positioned closest to the volute tongue 65, thus the blade tip 310B essentially closes the passageway between the narrow volute portion 77 and the wide volute portion 78. Following blade 310A is the adjacent blade 310B. Therefore, Figure 30A Part I corresponds to Figure 14B Part I and Figure 14E Part I.

[0978] Figure 30B The diagram shows the tongue 65, the impeller rotation axis 60, and line 923 connecting the tip of the tongue 65 and the impeller rotation axis 60. Force F 955 It appears to be perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to line 923, and the force pulsates and repeats at a blade passage frequency X4. The blade passage frequency X4 is also discussed elsewhere in this disclosure. References Figure 30A , Figure 30B and Figure 30C Advantageous vibration sensor positioning was disclosed and discussed.

[0979] refer to Figure 30A Part II and Figure 14B Part II, when operating at the operating point flow rate below the BEP flow rate, exhibits pulsating leakage flow q3'. When the pump operates at a flow rate below the BEP flow rate, this leakage flow is considered to be due to the higher static pressure P in the volute wide section 78. 78 And the lower static pressure P in the narrow part of the volute 78 77 Caused by the pressure difference between them. (For example, combined) Figure 14E The area under discussion appears to have a localized high-pressure region at the leading edge of the blade tip, indicated by a "+", for most of the path within the volute. Figure 30AIn both the first and second parts, there is a local low-pressure area at the trailing edge of the blade tip, indicated by a "-". (Reference) Figure 30A In sections II and III, it is believed that the velocity v3' of the fluid flow q3' reaches a high amplitude when the blade (see blade tip 30B) approaches the tip of the tongue 65. Indeed, it appears to be related to... Figure 30A The airflow indicated by arrow V3' in Part 3 is similar, indicating the velocity V3' of the pulsating flow passing through the tip of the tongue 65. When the fluid velocity V3' near the tongue 65 is higher than the tangential velocity V at the blade tip 310B... 75T Time (comparison) Figure 14E The tangential velocity V is shown in the figure. 75T The local pressure around the blade tip near the tongue appears to have reversed (see...). Figure 30A Part III blades 310B, as shown by the "+" on the rear side and the "-" on the front side of the blade tip 310B. Therefore, when the impeller is in Figure 30A The position shown in Part II and Figure 30A When the position shown in Part III is such that the fluid velocity V3' of the leakage flow q3' between the tongue 65 and the tip of the blade 310B is considered to instantaneously reach a higher tangential velocity V at the tip of the blade 310B. 75T The speed V3'. Therefore, when the tip of blade 310B approaches the tongue 65, as Figure 30A As shown in Part III, blade 310B momentarily blocks or substantially blocks the leakage flow q3', causing the fluid velocity V3' to suddenly decelerate, i.e., to accelerate negatively.

[0980] This sudden delay is thought to cause a pressure change between the front and rear sides of blade 310 at or near the tongue position 65. Therefore, the sudden deceleration of fluid velocity V3' is thought to result in a significant force F. 955 This may manifest as repetitive vibrations. Under flow conditions below BEP, this pulsating force F 955 along Figure 30A The direction indicated by arrow V3' in Part III is guided by this, and the direction of this pulsation is also guided by... Figure 30B Arrow 955 indicates this.

[0981] In contrast, under flow conditions above BEP, the pulsating force F 955 The direction is -V3', and Figure 30A In Part III, the direction indicated by arrow V3' is opposite (see also...). Figure 30B Therefore, in both cases, i.e., above BEP and below BEP, the direction of the pulsating force 955 is perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to line 923 from the tip of the tongue 65 to the impeller rotation axis 60 (see...). Figure 30B ).

[0982] Figure 30C yes Figure 30B The side view of section BB of pump 10 is shown. Therefore, Figure 30C It is along Figure 30B The cross-sectional side view seen in the direction of the middle arrow 927.

[0983] Therefore, due to sudden pressure changes, each blade 310 experiencing the aforementioned pulsating force appears to induce repetitive vibrations, which can be detected by vibration sensors 70, 70 located on or near the bearing 925 surrounding the shaft 710. 925 Detected (see) Figure 30C Therefore, vibration sensors 70 and 70 located on bearing 925 925 It can be configured to detect vibrations along the direction of arrow 955, i.e., perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to line 923 from the tip of tongue 65 and the impeller rotation axis 60 (see...). Figure 30B Since the blades are part of the impeller attached to shaft 710 (see...). Figure 30C Therefore, the pulsating force F 955 This appears to cause repetitive vibrations affecting shaft 710. Experiments with various placements of the vibration sensor 70 show that when the vibration sensor 70 is positioned and configured to be particularly sensitive to vibrations occurring in the direction of arrow 955, i.e., perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to line 923 perpendicular to the axis 60 of rotation from the tip of the tongue 65 and the impeller (see... Figure 30B The detected vibration signal appears particularly clear when [the vibration signal is detected in this case]. Regarding [the vibration signal detected in this case]... Figure 30A , Figure 30B and Figure 30C Regarding the velocity V3' and force F of the pulsating fluid 955 The discussion is believed to explain why the detected vibration signal appears particularly clear when the sensor 70 is positioned and configured to detect vibrations occurring in the direction of arrow 955.

[0984] In this regard, vibration sensors 70, 70 925 It can be advantageously configured to be attached to a bearing 925 on the pump shaft 710 for detecting vibrations having a directional movement of a line 923 perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the tip of the tongue 65 and the impeller rotation axis 60 (see [link]). Figure 30B and Figure 30C Alternatively, vibration sensors 70, 70 78 It can be advantageously configured to be attached to housing 62, wherein vibration sensors 70, 70 955 70 78 Configured for high sensitivity, it is used to detect vibrations having a motion direction 955 perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the line 923 between the tip of the tongue 65 and the axis of rotation of the impeller 60 (see [link]). Figure 30C and Figure 30B ).

[0985] Therefore, the inventors conclude that it is advantageous to use a vibration sensor as the measuring sensor 70, which is positioned and configured to detect vibrations in a direction 955 having a straight line 923 perpendicular to or substantially perpendicular to the axis 60 of impeller rotation; wherein,

[0986] Vibration sensor 70, 70 925 70 955 It can be securely attached to the bearing (925) of the pump shaft (710), or

[0987] The vibration sensors 70, 70 77 70 78 70 955 It can be firmly attached to the outer surface of the pump housing (62).

[0988] Figure 31 This is another example of a block diagram, showing a centrifugal pump as block 10B, receiving multiple inputs U1, ..., Uk, and generating multiple outputs Y1, ..., Yn. (Reference) Figure 31 It should be noted that, for ease of analysis, centrifugal pump 10 can be considered as box 10B, which has multiple input variables, referred to as input parameters U1, U2, U3, ..., Uk, where the index k is a positive integer. Figure 31 The example shows four input parameters: U1, U2, U3, and U4. Therefore, Figure 31 Can be regarded as Figure 2C An example of a block diagram. In this regard, it should be noted that it may not be necessary to measure all input parameters.

[0989] supply Figure 31 This is to illustrate the connection between pump 10 (e.g., coupled to fluid system 52) and fluid system 52. Figure 34 (as shown) and the characteristics of pumps and fluid systems (such as) Figure 2B Understanding the relationship between (as shown).

[0990] The fluid system 52, also referred to as the piping system 52, may include piping for conveying fluid from the pump 10 to the fluid material consumer 50. According to one example, the fluid material consumer 50 is a tank for receiving fluid 30. According to another example, the fluid material consumer 50 includes a headbox 50A, also referred to as a headbox, whose purpose is to maintain a constant head on the fiber slurry 30 to be delivered to the nozzle for spraying the fiber slurry, also referred to as slurry.

[0991] During the operation of centrifugal pump 10B, pump 10B has an internal state X, and it produces multiple output variables, also known as output system parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn, where the index n is a positive integer.

[0992] The internal state X of the pump can be described or represented by multiple internal state parameters X1, X2, X3, ..., Xm, where the index m is a positive integer.

[0993] refer to Figure 31 and Figure 2B Pump curve 207 indicates how pump pressure Y1 changes with flow rate Y2. In fluid systems 52, 40, and 50 where pressure and flow rate fluctuate over time, system curve 209 will change with the lifespan and operation of system 52. In this case, attention should be paid to pump operating parameters such as speed U1, f... ROT (see Figure 25A and Figure 26 This may affect system parameters such as pressure Y1 and / or flow rate Y2 (see...). Figure 31 and Figure 2B ).

[0994] When pressure Y1 is the fluid pressure at or near outlet 66, it is also called P. 54 (see Figure 2A At this time, the system back pressure U3 may be equal to the pressure Y1:

[0995] U3 = Y1 = P 54

[0996] Similarly, the input parameter U4 can be equal to the flow rate Y2 from outlet 66, also known as Q. OUT (See example) Figure 2A ):

[0997] U4 = Y2 = Q OUT

[0998] For analytical purposes, this can be done as follows: Figure 31 As shown, the system back pressure Y1 is represented as the input parameter U3 affecting the internal state X of pumps 10 and 10B and / or operating point 205. Similarly, the flow rate Y2 from outlet 66, also referred to as Q OUT (See example) Figure 2A ), can be regarded as the input parameter U4 that affects the internal state X and / or operating point 205 of pumps 10 and 10B.

[0999] Therefore, the internal state X of pump 10 and the current operating points 205 and 550 depend on the pressure Y1 and the flow rate Y2. Therefore, during the operation of pump 10, the internal state X(r) depends on at least some of the system parameters Y1, Y2, Y3, ..., Yn.

[1000] The system back pressure U3 depends on the pressure Y1 of system 52 (see...) Figure 31 and Figure 2B Similarly, the input parameter U4 may be rela...

Claims

1. A system comprising: For monitoring and / or controlling a centrifugal pump (10; 10A； 10D) of the present invention, the centrifugal pump having a housing (62) forming a volute (75), in which a rotatable impeller (20) having a first number (L) of blades (310) is arranged for pressing a fluid (30) through the volute (75) into a pump for delivering a pump outlet flow rate (Q OUT , Y2) of the pump outlet (66), thereby causing fluid pressure pulsation (P FP , P 54 , +, -); Valve device (V L ; V H ),have a valve inlet (1222) connectable to a pump outlet (66, 54), and The first valve outlet E (66D) is used to transfer the system flow rate (Y10, Q OUTS ) is transmitted to a fluid system (52, 40, 50, 56); Measuring sensor (70, 70 54 , 70 77 , 70 78 , 330, 350, 450), for generating an indication of the fluid pressure pulsation (P FP , P 54 , +, -) measurement signal (S FP ; S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); Device (170, 180, 330, 350, 450) for generating a reference signal indicating a rotational reference position of a rotating impeller (20); wherein The device (150, 150A, 450) is configured to measure the signal (S FP ; S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) in the detection signal event signature (S P (r); Sp), when the first number (L) is greater than one, the event repetition frequency (f R ) depends on said first quantity (L); The device (150, 150A, 450) is configured to P , P(i), P(j), P(q)) receives or generates a time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating a certain number (L) of stationary reference positions (Ps, Pc, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) per impeller revolution (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) L ), so that the reference position signal value (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) has a specific occurrence frequency (f R ), the specific occurrence frequency (f R ) is equal to the event repetition frequency (f R ); The device (150, 150A, 450) is configured to generate data (X1; X2; X3; X4) indicating the internal state (X) of the centrifugal pump (10) based on the measurement signal and the reference signal; the internal state data (X1; X2; X3; X4) comprising a time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) based on the time relationship between: Repeating signal event signature (S P (r); Sp) occurs, and Repeated reference position signal values ​​(Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) occur; wherein the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the current operating point (205, 550, 550(r)) of the pump relative to the best efficiency operating point; A control module (150B, 755) is configured to generate at least one set point parameter (U1) based on the time relationship values ​​(X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) SP , U2 SP );in, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a speed control device (U1, f1) for controlling the rotation speed of the impeller (20) ROT ) speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP );in, The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ), used to control the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ), and among them, The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR ), used to control another flow (Q R ), such as, for example, reflux (Q R ); the other flow (Q R ) is diverted from flowing toward said fluid system (52), wherein, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a method for controlling the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ) and / or the second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR ) of the first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP), where, When the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is lower than the best efficiency flow point (Q OUTBEP ),and The system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF );but The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) to increase the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ), for example, until the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates that the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the best efficiency flow point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP );and The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP) to increase the second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR ) and / or by reducing the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ) to increase the other flow (Q R ).

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein: When the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the pump outlet flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is at or is basically at the best efficiency pump outlet flow point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ),and The system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF );but The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP) to reduce the second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR ) and / or by increasing the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ) to minimize or eliminate the other flow (Q R ).

3. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: When the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates that the flow rate of the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the best efficiency flow rate point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ),and The system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) is higher than the expected system transfer flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF );but The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) to reduce the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ), for example until the system delivers flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ).

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein: When the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the pump outlet flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is at or almost at the best efficiency flow point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ),and The system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF );but The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP) to minimize the other flow rate (Q R ),as well as The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) to control the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ) in order to maintain the indication that the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the best efficiency flow point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ) of the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)).

5. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a third adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS ) flow control valve (V H ), used to control the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ), and among them, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a method for controlling the third adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS ) of the second valve set point value (U2 SP , U2B SP ).

6. The system according to claim 5, wherein: When the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is higher than the best efficiency flow point (Q OUTBEP ), then The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the second valve set point value (U2 SP , U2B SP ) to reduce the third adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS ).

7. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: When the time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is higher than the best efficiency flow point (Q OUTBEP ), then The control module (150B, 755) is configured to adjust the valve set point value (U2 Y10SP ;U2 SP , U2 ASP , U2 BSP ) to reduce the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS , A VLS ), thereby reducing the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ).

8. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The valve device (V L ; V H ) has a flow rate (Q R )'s second valve outlet.

9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: in, The measuring sensor (70, 70 54 , 70 77 , 70 78 , 70 925 , 70 955 , 330, 350, 450) can be installed or attached to detect the pump outlet flow rate (Q OUT , Y2) or the volute (75) of the fluid material pulsation (P FP , P 54 , +, -); or The measuring sensor (70, 70 54 , 70 77 , 70 78 , 70 925 , 70 955 , 330, 350, 450) can be installed or attached to generate an amplitude depending on the pump outlet flow rate (Q OUT , Y2) or the volute (75) of the fluid material pulsation (P FP ) of the measurement signal (S FP ; S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)).

10. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: The measuring sensor (70, 70 54 , 70 77 , 70 78 , 70 925 , 70 955 , 330, 350, 450) is a vibration sensor, the vibration sensor is positioned and configured to detect vibrations with a direction of motion (955) perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to a line (923) between the tip of the tongue (65) and the axis (60) of rotation of the impeller; wherein, The measuring sensor (70, 70 925 , 70 955 , 330, 350, 450) can be securely attached or attached to the bearing (925) of the pump shaft (710), or The measuring sensor (70, 70 77 , 70 78 , 70 955 , 330, 350, 450) can be securely attached or attached to the outer surface of the pump housing (62).

11. A method for monitoring and / or operating a centrifugal pump (10; 10A; 10B; 10C; 10D), the centrifugal pump having a housing (62) forming a volute (75), in which a rotatable impeller (20) having a first number (L) of blades (310) is arranged for pressing a fluid material (30) via the volute into a pump outlet (66), the pump outlet being controlled via a valve device (V L ; V H ) is coupled to a fluid system (52), the method comprising: The device (150, 150A, 450) receives a signal indicating a fluid pressure pulsation (P FP )’s measurement signal; receiving, by the device (150, 150A, 450), a reference signal indicative of a rotational reference position of the rotating impeller; The device (150, 150A, 450) generates data (X1; X2; X3; X4) indicating the internal state (X) of the centrifugal pump, the data comprising a signal based on a repeated reference position signal value (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) and a repeated signal event signature (S P (r); Sp) between the phase value (FI, F1 (r), X1 (r)) and / or the time relationship value (FI, F1 (r), X1 (r)), when the first number (L) is higher than one, the repetition frequency (f R ) depends on the first quantity (L); wherein, The phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the current operating point of the pump relative to the best efficiency operating point, and / or wherein, The time relationship value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the current operating point of the pump relative to the best efficiency operating point; At least one set point parameter (U1) is generated based on the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) and / or the time relationship value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) SP , U2 SP );in, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a speed (U1, f ROT ) speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ).

12. The method according to claim 11, wherein: The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) affects the pump outlet fluid pressure (Y1, P) at the pump outlet (66) 54 ) and / or pump outlet fluid flow (Y2, Q OUT ), and among them, The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP )based on Expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ), and based on The phase values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)) and / or time relationship values ​​(FI, FI(r), X1(r)).

13. The method according to claim 11 or 12, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the flow rate of the current operating point (205) is lower than the best efficiency flow rate point, then The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is adjusted to increase the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ).

14. The method according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the flow rate of the current operating point (205) is lower than the best efficiency flow rate point, then The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is adjusted to increase the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ) until the system delivers flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ).

15. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 14, wherein: The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ; A VHS ) flow control valve (V L ; V H ), used to control the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ), and among them, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a method for controlling the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLs ; A VHS ) of the first valve set point value (U2 SP , U2A SP ).

16. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 15, wherein: The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ), used to control the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ), and among them, The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR ), used to control another flow (Q R ), such as, for example, reflux (Q R ); the other flow (Q R ) is diverted from flowing toward said fluid system (52), wherein, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a method for controlling the first adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLS ) and / or the second adjustable cross-sectional area (A VLR )’s first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP).

17. The method according to any one of claims 15 or 16, wherein: The first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP) is initially set so that the system delivers a flow rate (Y10, Q OUTS ) is equal to the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ).

18. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 17, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is lower than the best efficiency flow point (Q OUTBEP ),and The system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ) The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is adjusted to increase the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ), for example, until the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the best efficiency flow point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ),and The first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP) is adjusted to increase another flow rate (Q R ).

19. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the pump outlet flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is at or is basically at the best efficiency pump outlet flow point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ),and The system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ) The first valve set point value (U2SP, U2ASP) is adjusted to minimize or eliminate another flow (Q R ).

20. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 19, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the flow rate of the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the best efficiency flow rate point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ), and the system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) is higher than the expected system transfer flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ) The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is adjusted to reduce the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ), for example until the system delivers flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ).

21. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 20, wherein: The valve device (V L ; V H ) includes a third adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS ) flow control valve (V H ), used to control the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ), and among them, The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ) includes a method for controlling the third adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS ) of the second valve set point value (U2 SP , U2B SP ).

22. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 21, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates the pump outlet fluid flow rate (Y2, Q OUT ) is higher than the best efficiency flow point (Q OUTBEP ), then The second valve set point value (U2 SP , U2B SP ) is adjusted to reduce the third adjustable cross-sectional area (A VHS ).

23. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 22, wherein: When the phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) indicates that the flow rate of the current operating point (205) is at or substantially at the best efficiency flow rate point (Y2 BEP , Q OUTBEP ), and the system transmits flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) is lower than the expected system transfer flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ) The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is adjusted to increase the impeller speed (U1, f ROT ), for example until the system delivers flow (Y10, Q OUTS ) corresponds to the expected system transmission flow (Y10 REF , Q OUTSREF ).

24. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 23, wherein: The phase value (FI, FI(r), X1(r)) is a time-dependent value (FI, FI(r)).

25. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 24, wherein: The time relationship value (FI, FI(r)) indicates the deviation (FI) of the current operating point from the best efficiency operating point of the centrifugal pump (10). DEV ;FI DEV (p+1); 550(p+1)).

26. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 25, further comprising: Displaying the at least one set point parameter on a user interface (U1 SP , U2 SP ;U2 ASP ;U2 BSP ) as a suggestion to users.

27. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 26, wherein: The at least one set point parameter (U1 SP , U2 SP ;U2 ASP ;U2 BSP ) based on the expected time relationship value (FI REF , F.I. REF (r), X1 REF ), the expected time relationship value (FI REF , F.I. REF (r), X1 REF ) indicates the desired pump operating point (205 REF ,550 REF ;X1 REF (r)).

28. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 27, wherein: The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) based on the desired impeller speed (U1 REF , f ROTREF , X3 REF ).

29. The method according to any one of claims 11 to 28, wherein: The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) based on the desired impeller speed (U1 REF , f ROTREF , X3 REF ), the desired impeller speed (U1 REF , f ROTREF , X3 REF ) indicates the desired flow rate (Y2 REF , Q OUT_RFF , Q OUTS_RFF ) and / or the desired pressure head (Y1 REF , P54 REF ).

30. The method according to any one of claims 15 to 29, wherein: Adjust the first valve set point value (U2 SP , U2A SP ) occurs during operation of the pump.

31. The method of claim 21 or any one of claims 22 to 30 when including claim 21, wherein: Adjust the second valve set point value (U2 SP , U2B SP ) occurs during operation of the pump.

32. The method according to any one of claims 16 to 31, wherein: Another flow (Q OUTR ) is a reflux for returning fluid to a fluid storage device or the inlet side of the pump (10).

33. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising: The device (150, 150A, 450) measures the measured signal (S FP ; S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)) in the detection signal event signature (S P (r); Sp), when the first number (L) is greater than one, the event repetition frequency (f R ) depends on the first quantity (L).

34. The method of claim 33, further comprising: A time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) is received by the device (150, 150A, 450), the position signal sample values ​​indicating (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) a certain number (L) of stationary reference positions (Ps, Pc, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) per revolution of the impeller. L ), so that the reference position signal value (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) has a specific occurrence frequency (f R ), the specific occurrence frequency (f R ) is equal to the event repetition frequency (f R ).

35. The method of claim 33, further comprising: The device (150, 150A, 450) is based on the reference signal (E P , P(i), P(j), P(q)) generates a time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating a certain number (L) of stationary reference positions (Ps, Pc, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) per impeller revolution (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) L ), so that the reference position signal value (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) has a specific occurrence frequency (f R ), the specific occurrence frequency (f R ) is equal to the event repetition frequency (f R ).

36. The method according to claim 34 or 35, further comprising: Data (X1; X2; X3; X4) indicating the internal state (X) of the centrifugal pump (10) are generated by the device (150, 150A, 450) based on the measurement signal and the reference signal; the internal state data (X1; X2; X3; X4) comprising a time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) based on the time relationship between: The repeated signal event signature (S P (r); Sp) occurs, and The repeated reference position signal values ​​(Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) occur; The time relationship value (X1, X1(r), FI, FI(r)) indicates the current operating point (205, 550, 550(r)) of the pump relative to the best efficiency operating point.

37. The method of claim 34, further comprising: The time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) is generated by a device (170) such as, for example, an encoder, comprising: The specific number (L) of reference position signal values ​​(Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) per revolution of the impeller (20), or Each time the impeller (20) rotates one circle, a marking signal (P S ) of the specified number (L); and The generated time series of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) is provided by the device (170) for reception by the apparatus (150, 150A, 450).

38. The method of claim 35, further comprising: The reference signal (E) is received by the device (150, 150A, 450) P , P(i), P(j), P(q)), the reference signal comprises a time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)), the position signal sample values ​​indicate (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) a predetermined number of fixed reference positions (Ps) per revolution of the impeller; the predetermined number is one or more fixed reference positions (Ps) per revolution of the impeller; wherein, The generating comprises creating a time sequence of position signal sample values ​​(P(i), P(j), P(q)) indicating the certain number (L) of stationary reference positions (Ps, Pc, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6) per revolution of the impeller. L ), so that the reference position signal value (Ps, Pc, 1, 1C) has a specific occurrence frequency (f R ), the specific occurrence frequency (f R ) is equal to the event repetition frequency (f R ).

39. The method of any preceding claim, further comprising: For example, the fluid system (52, 40, 50, 56) is analyzed by one or more sensors (70Y) and / or by one or more hardware processors (350) to At least one fluid system parameter value (Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn) is generated based on the analysis; the at least one fluid system parameter value (Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn) indicates an internal state (Y) of the fluid system (52, 40, 50, 56); the fluid system internal state (Y) is related to the pressure and / or flow rate of the fluid (30) in the fluid system (52, 40, 50, 56).

40. The method of claim 39, wherein: Pump state data (X1; X2; X3; X4; Xm) indicating an internal state (X) of the centrifugal pump comprises at least one pump state parameter value (X1; X2; X3; X4; Xm); Also includes: The correlation between: the at least one pump state parameter value (X1; X2; X3; X4; Xm), and the at least one fluid system parameter value (Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn) to generate correlation data (1170, 1180) indicating a causal relationship between: the at least one pump state parameter value (X1; X2; X3; X4; Xm), and The at least one fluid system parameter value (Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn).

41. The method of claim 40, wherein: a single pump state parameter value (X1; X2; X3; X4; Xm) indicating an aspect of the internal state (X) of the pump (10), and A single fluid system parameter value (Y1, Y2, Y3, ... Yn) indicates an aspect of an internal state (Y) in the fluid system (52, 40, 50, 56).

42. A method according to claim 39 or 40 or 41 or any preceding claim, wherein: Also includes: Receives an indication of the desired fluid system internal state (Y REF ) of at least one fluid system parameter reference value (Y1 REF , Y2 REF , Y3 REF , ...Yn REF );as well as Generate at least one pump status parameter reference value (X1 REF , X2 REF , X3 REF , X4 REF , Xm REF );in, The at least one pump state parameter reference value (X1 REF , X2 REF , X3 REF , X4 REF , Xm REF ) is generated based on: System reference data (Y1 REF , Y2 REF , Y3 REF , ...Yn REF ),as well as Correlation data (1170, 1180) indicating a causal relationship between: The at least one pump state parameter reference value (X1 REF , X2 REF , X3 REF , X4 REF , Xm REF ),as well as The at least one fluid system parameter reference value (Y1 REF , Y2 REF , Y3 REF , ...Yn REF ).

43. A method according to any one of claims 40 to 42, wherein: The correlation data (1170, 1180) is based on a regression analysis for identifying a linear relationship that most closely fits a plurality of received pump state vectors (X(t)) of a first dimension (m) and a plurality of received corresponding fluid system vectors (Y(t)) of a second dimension (n) according to a mathematical criterion, wherein: The first dimension (m) is a positive integer greater than zero, and The first dimension (n) is a positive integer greater than zero.

44. A method according to any preceding claim, wherein: The fluid system analysis includes generating a first amplitude relationship value (Y11); the first amplitude relationship value (Y11) indicates a relationship between: a first fluid system parameter value (Y3) indicating a first fluid system pulsation amplitude (Y3, S4) having a first fluid system pulsation repetition frequency (Y4) PY ),as well as The second pump parameter value (X2, Sp) indicates a pump having a first repetition frequency (f R ) of the first fluid pressure pulsation (P FP ) amplitude; the first repetition frequency (f R ) is the number of repetitions of the impeller (20) per revolution (S P ) occurs; wherein the first fluid system pulsation repetition frequency (Y4) is equal to the first repetition frequency (f R ).

45. The method of claim 44, further comprising: identifying a local maximum (Y11peak) of said first amplitude relationship value (Y11), and Identify a specific repetition frequency value (f R _ RES ); the specific repetition frequency value (f R _ RES ) is the first repetition frequency (f ) associated with the local maximum (Y11peak) of the first amplitude relationship value (Y11) R ) value; wherein the specific repetition frequency value (f R_RES ) indicates the resonant frequency of the fluid system.

46. ​​A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: Also includes: Identify the impeller speed value (X3, f ROT ) range, the identified impeller speed range includes the range corresponding to the specific repetition frequency value (f R_RES ) corresponds to a specific impeller speed value (X3 RES , f ROT_RES ).

47. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: Also includes: The valve device (V E ; V H ) including flow control valve (V E ; V H ), used to control the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ), and / or for controlling another flow (Q R ), such as, for example, reflux (Q R ); the other flow (Q R ) is diverted from flowing toward the fluid system (52).

48. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein: Also includes: For example, receiving a desired system transmission flow rate (Y10) via the user interface (210, 210S, 1200) REF , Q OUTS_REF ) and / or indicate the desired system delivery pressure (Y9 REF , P 54S_REF ) Based on the received indication, the system transmits the expected flow rate (Y10 REF , Q OUTS_REF ) and / or indicate the desired system delivery pressure (Y9 REF , P 54S_REF ) information to generate a speed (U1, f ROT ) of the speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ); The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is compared with the identified impeller speed range; and When the comparison indicates that the speed set point value (U1 SP 、f ROTSP ) corresponds to the impeller speed within the identified impeller speed range, but The speed set point value (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) is adjusted, for example, by a control module (150B, 755) to a value corresponding to an impeller speed outside the identified impeller speed range.

49. The method of claim 48, wherein: Also includes: Based on the adjusted speed setpoint (U1 SP , f ROTSP ) adjusts the valve device (V L ; V H ) to control the system to deliver flow (Y10, Q OUTS ).

50. A computer program loadable into a digital memory of a device (150) having a data processor (350), the computer program comprising computer program code (380, 394, 410) adapted to perform the steps of a method according to any one of the preceding claims when the computer program is run on the data processor.

51. A computer program according to claim 50, embodied on a computer readable medium.

52. A device for monitoring and / or operating a centrifugal pump (10) and / or a fluid system (52), the device being configured to perform the method according to any of the preceding claims.

53. The apparatus of claim 35, further comprising: One or more hardware processors (350) configured to perform a method according to any one of the preceding claims.

54. A method for monitoring and / or controlling a centrifugal pump (10; 10A; 10D), the centrifugal pump having a housing (62) forming a volute (75), in which a rotatable impeller (20) having a first number (L) of blades (310) is arranged for pressing a fluid (30) through the volute (75) into a pump for delivering a pump outlet flow rate (Q OUT , Y2) of the pump outlet (66); the component kit comprises: For monitoring centrifugal pumps (10; 10A) of the internal state (X) means (150, 150A, 450); Valve device (V L ; V H ), having a valve inlet (1222) connectable to a pump outlet (66, 54), and a first valve outlet (66D) for transferring a system flow rate (Y10, Q OUTS ) is transmitted to a fluid system (52, 40, 50, 56); The control module (150B, 755) is used to control the speed (U1, f ROT ) and is used to control the valve device, thereby controlling the system delivery flow (Y10, Q OUTS ).

55. The kit of parts of claim 54, further comprising: A measuring sensor (70) for generating a pressure pulsation indicator (P FP , P 54 , +, -) measurement signal (S FP ; S EA , S MD , Se(i), S(j), S(q)); Device (170, 180) for generating a reference signal indicative of a rotational reference position of a rotating impeller (20) in the pump (10).

Images