Selective optical tuning of quantite bit two-level system interactions using

Abstract

Methods and systems are provided for mitigating the effects of defects in a quantum processor. A mitigation system includes a quantum processor including a plurality of qubits. The system includes a light emitting source that can be tuned to generate light pulses of different wavelengths. The system includes an array of bandpass filters. Each bandpass filter is aligned with a qubit on the quantum processor and has a unique passband. The system may include a controller configured to receive a selection of a qubit and configured to tune the light emitting source to emit a light pulse having a wavelength that falls within a range of a bandpass filter aligned with the selected qubit. Optical pulses are used to scramble the entirety of a strongly coupled two level system (TLS) in a processor.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to quantum computing and, more particularly, to laser on-demand scrambling of superconducting qubits. Background Art

[0002] A quantum bit (qubit) is a basic element for information encoding in a quantum computer. A two-level system or TLS is a pseudo-quantum system that can be coupled to a qubit and cause decoherence. TLS is one of the main decoherence sources in superconducting quantum circuits. Typically, TLS includes two sets: a larger set of low-frequency two-level undulators (pools) and several discrete two-level systems that are close to resonance with the qubit transition. If TLS interacts strongly with the qubit, the qubit becomes inoperable due to frequency shift and decoherence.

[0003] The properties of these TLS are not fully understood, but are thought to arise from crystal defects, surface defects, or atomic-level defects in the material that generate microscopic dipoles (atomic or electron traps) that interact with the qubit (e.g., couple to the qubit's electric field). TLS are always present and randomly distributed.

[0004] The two-level system can be off-resonant or on-resonance with the qubit. On-resonance TLS is much more harmful than off-resonance TLS. These strongly coupled TLS on resonance have a significant adverse effect on the reliability of the gates in the processor. This is especially true for processors based on fixed-frequency qubits. Summary of the invention

[0005] Some embodiments of the present disclosure provide methods and systems for mitigating the effects of defects in a quantum processor. The mitigation system includes a quantum processor that includes a plurality of qubits. The system includes a light emitting source that can be tuned to produce light pulses of different wavelengths. The light pulses are used to scramble a strongly coupled two-level system (TLS) in the quantum processor.

[0006] In some embodiments, the mitigation system includes an array of bandpass filters. Each bandpass filter is aligned with a qubit on the quantum processor and is tuned to pass a unique range of wavelengths. In embodiments that may be combined with the previous embodiments, the system may include a controller configured to receive a selection of a qubit and tune the light emitting source to emit a light pulse having a wavelength that falls within the range of the bandpass filter aligned with the selected qubit.

[0007] In some embodiments, the bandpass filters of the bandpass filter array are mounted on an optical filter chip in the same package as the quantum processor. In embodiments that can be combined with previous embodiments, the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as the quantum processor. In some embodiments, the light pulses from the light source are delivered to the quantum processor via an optical fiber. In embodiments that can be combined with previous embodiments, the optical fiber is attached to the top of the package including the quantum processor. In some embodiments, each bandpass filter absorbs or reflects light that is not tuned to the wavelength range it passes.

[0008] Two-level systems are one of the most fundamental problems in superconducting qubits because they are the main source of decoherence. The ability to focus light on a specific qubit can quickly improve the coherence of the qubit, rather than relying on time-consuming processes such as heating the entire quantum processor.

[0009] The foregoing summary is intended to serve as a brief introduction to some embodiments of the present disclosure. This is not meant to be an introduction or overview of all inventive subject matter disclosed in this document. The following detailed description and the drawings referenced in the detailed description will further describe the embodiments described in the summary as well as other embodiments. Therefore, in order to understand all embodiments described by this document, the summary, the detailed description and the drawings are provided. In addition, the subject matter claimed is not limited by the illustrative details in the summary, the detailed description and the drawings, but is defined by the appended claims, because the subject matter claimed may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit of the present subject matter. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] The accompanying drawings are drawings of illustrative embodiments. They do not show all embodiments. Additionally or alternatively, other embodiments may be used. Details that may be obvious or unnecessary may be omitted to save space or for more effective description. Some embodiments may be practiced using additional components or steps and / or not using all components or steps shown. When the same number appears in different drawings, it refers to the same or similar components or steps.

[0011] Figure 1 A two-level system mitigation system consistent with an illustrative embodiment is shown that uses illumination to mitigate the effects of a two-level system in a quantum processor.

[0012] Figure 2 A method for measuring the performance of a quantum bit is shown.

[0013] Figure 3 An example two-level system configuration is shown consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0014] Figure 4 A quantum processor is shown having qubits illuminated by optical fibers, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0015] Figure 5 Spectral plots of a qubit in a quantum processor before and after illumination are shown, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0016] Figure 6 A process for iteratively applying illumination to a quantum processor for eliminating strongly coupled two-level system interactions is conceptually shown, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0017] Figure 7 A qubit illumination structure consistent with an illustrative embodiment is conceptually shown including an optical filter chip for directing light pulses at specific qubits.

[0018] Figure 8 A qubit illumination structure is conceptually shown in a package and operating in a dilute cryogen, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0019] 9A to 9C The use of a bandpass filter to direct light pulses to specific qubits is shown.

[0020] Fig.10 A process for using an optical bandpass filter to direct a pulse of light at a selected qubit is conceptually shown, consistent with an illustrative embodiment.

[0021] Fig.11 A block diagram of components of a data processing system is shown in accordance with an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In the following detailed description, many specific details are set forth by way of example in order to provide a thorough understanding of the relevant description. However, it should be understood that the description can be practiced without these details. In other examples, well-known methods, procedures, components and / or circuit arrangements have been described at a relatively high level without details in order to avoid unnecessarily obscuring various aspects of the description.

[0023] Because strong coupling TLS is significantly harmful to the performance of qubits in a large number of subcircuits, it is prominent to develop methods to shift their frequencies to non-resonance.TLSs are shown to be tunable in frequency by electric fields and by material strain, because TLSs tend to drift slowly in frequency over time (spectral diffusion) in the time scale of hours to days. Therefore, TLS can be alleviated by waiting for its diffusion in large quantities.TLS can also be removed from qubits by heating or thermally cycling the entire processor until several Kelvins. Heating the entire processor is a very time-consuming process because it usually takes a long time (e.g., several hours) and involves a complete recalibration of the processor. Heating the entire processor is also a random global process that cannot be used for a specific qubit of the target. It is uncertain that any specific TLS will shift the frequency by global heating. There is also a possibility that the qubit previously fed from the TLS can interact with another TLS after heating.

[0024] Some embodiments provide methods and systems for mitigating the effects of strongly coupled two-level systems. Specifically, optical illumination is used to scramble the frequency of the two-level system. Scrambling the TLS distribution is used to improve the coherence time and is used to maintain stable quantum processor performance over time. Optical illumination can use telecommunication frequency light at 1310nm and 1550nm. In some embodiments, optical illumination is delivered to a quantum processor or any array of qubits by diluting a refrigerant, where the light is selectively focused on a single qubit or is globally applied to all qubits of the quantum processor.

[0025] Figure 1 A TLS mitigation system 100 is shown that uses illumination to mitigate the effects of TLS in a quantum processor 110. As shown, a TLS mitigation controller 120 controls a qubit measurement system 130 and an illumination system 140. The qubit measurement system 130 is used to detect or identify TLS in the quantum processor 110. The illumination system 140 is used to apply light to the quantum processor 110.

[0026] The measurement system 130 provides performance parameters of the qubits in the quantum processor 110, including the decoherence time (or relaxation time) of the qubits at different electric field frequencies. In some embodiments, the performance parameters of the qubits at different frequencies are captured. The mitigation controller 120 can use these captured performance parameters of the qubit to generate a spectrum diagram for the qubit. The spectrum diagram can be used as a TLS pattern to identify frequencies at which TLS is strongly coupled to the qubit (e.g., by identifying frequencies at which the decoherence time of the qubit is reduced by more than 25%)

[0027] Illumination system 140 is used to provide light pulses to quantum processor 110. The light pulses can scramble the frequency landscape of the TLSs so that the TLSs will not couple strongly with the qubit, e.g., become non-resonant, so that the decoherence time of the qubit is at least 75% of the ideal or expected relaxation time.

[0028] The TLS mitigation controller 120 may use the TLS profile generated based on the measurements provided by the measurement system 130 to determine when and how to apply light pulses to the quantum processor 110 and when and how to control the illumination system 140 accordingly.

[0029] In some embodiments, one or more laser sources are used to scramble the frequency of TLS. Laser pulses are used to change the TLS situation of a superconducting quantum processor on a very short time scale (e.g., less than one second). In some embodiments, very short laser pulses can be applied to instantaneously shift the TLS frequency. The recovery time from the laser pulse is on a time scale of seconds (or less) compared to the hours that may be involved in heating the entire quantum processor. The light pulses can be visible light or infrared light.

[0030] Figure 2 A method for measuring the performance of a qubit is conceptually illustrated. A microwave pulse 200 of calibrated amplitude, frequency, and duration is applied to the qubit to place the qubit in its excited state. After the microwave pulse is applied, the state of the qubit is measured at a plurality of different delay times. The measurements are repeated and averaged to give a characteristic exponential decay curve 210. (The vertical axis of the decay curve 210 refers to the ratio of measurements made on the qubit in which the qubit was found to be in an excited state at a given delay time, so 1.0 corresponds to finding the qubit in an excited state in 100% of the cases of measurements made at a given delay time).

[0031] The defect can be resonantly coupled to the qubit and act as a strong energy relaxation channel with a Lorentzian spectral signature. This signature can be used to identify the defect. Figure 3 Example TLS scenarios are shown. The TLS scenarios are based on measurements of flux-tunable qubits that exhibit multiple regions of strong TLS coupling. If a fixed frequency transmission accidentally has a transition frequency in a region close to strong TLS, the qubit performance becomes severely degraded, i.e., has a significantly shortened relaxation or decoherence time. In the accompanying figures, the measured qubit relaxation time (also referred to as T1) is normalized relative to the ideal or expected relaxation time. Therefore, at frequencies with weak or no TLS coupling, the normalized relaxation time is close to 1.0, while at frequencies with strong TLS coupling, the normalized relaxation time can drop significantly (to 0.1 or less).

[0032] Figure 4 A quantum processor with a qubit is shown, which is illuminated by an optical fiber. The quantum processor can be constructed on silicon, sapphire, or other dielectric substrates. In some embodiments, a laser or optical fiber pierces the quantum processor chip to provide illumination. As shown, an optical fiber 400 is attached to a housing 405 above the quantum processor 110. Light pulses can be directed from the outside of the housing to illuminate part or all of the quantum processor 110. Since silicon is transparent to infrared light with a wavelength of 1100nm or longer, the quantum processor can be illuminated from either surface (front or back). The light pulse applied to the quantum processor or qubit can shift or scramble the frequency situation of TLS. It can be shown that after the light pulse, TLS can move in frequency in a random manner. On the other hand, in the absence of an applied light pulse, TLS can remain almost constant for hours.

[0033] Figure 5 Spectrum graphs of qubits in a quantum processor before and after irradiation are shown. The figure shows two spectrum graphs 510 and 520 showing the relaxation times of qubits in a quantum processor at different frequencies. The first spectrum graph 510 is based on measurements of qubits taken before applying a light pulse, and the second spectrum graph 520 is based on measurements of qubits taken after applying a light pulse. As shown, after applying the light pulse, the distribution of qubit relaxation times at different frequencies shifts. This is because the TLS in the quantum processor has been scrambled by the applied light pulse. Based on the TLS situation as shown by the spectrum graph 520, the TLS mitigation controller 120 can determine that (i) at the frequency of interest, TLS will not significantly weaken the operation of the qubit, or (ii) the qubit is still weakened by TLS at the frequency of interest, so that additional light pulses are needed to further scramble TLS. This determination can be determined by whether the relaxation time of the qubit has dropped to a specific threshold ratio (e.g., 0.75 or 75%) below the expected relaxation time.

[0034] Since the laser operates very fast, the process of TLS frequency scrambling by laser irradiation can be iterated several times to find the ideal TLS configuration in which all severe or strongly coupled TLS interactions have been eliminated. This will significantly improve the functionality of the quantum processor. The ability to quickly cycle through TLS configurations and find the optimal configuration has a significant impact on the performance on any large-scale fixed-frequency quantum processor.

[0035] Figure 6A process 600 for iteratively applying irradiation to a quantum processor for eliminating strongly coupled TLS interactions consistent with an illustrative embodiment is conceptually shown. The TLS mitigation system 100 or the TLS mitigation controller 120 can perform the process to mitigate the harmful effects of TLS for preparing the quantum processor for use. The process rearranges the TLS situation by rapidly cycling through the TLS configuration. The characteristics of the qubits are measured to determine whether scrambling by irradiation can improve processor performance. An iterative search is performed to find a good global TLS configuration for different qubits across the quantum processor. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., processors) of a computing device implementing the TLS mitigation controller 120 perform the process 600 by executing instructions stored in a computer-readable medium.

[0036] The system measures (at block 605) the coherence properties of all qubits. Figure 2 Example methods for measuring qubits are described.

[0037] The system determines (at block 610) whether one or more qubits do not meet a performance criterion. The system may receive performance parameters (e.g., coherence properties) of one or more qubits in the quantum processor to identify qubits that do not meet a performance threshold. If no qubits do not meet a performance criterion, the system proceeds to 650 to calibrate the quantum processor, thus preparing it for use. If at least one qubit does not meet a performance criterion, the process proceeds to 620.

[0038] At block 620, the system illuminates one or more qubits in the processor. The system may apply a global light pulse to the processor such that multiple qubits in the quantum processor are illuminated. The system may also use local light pulses confined to qubits that are identified as experiencing bad TLS interactions.

[0039] The system performs (at block 630) spectroscopy (e.g., Stark spectroscopy, which is a method of obtaining small rapid frequency tuning of a qubit through the AC Stark effect) on the qubits of the processor to obtain a spectrum plot as a TLS profile. The TLS profile of a qubit is a collection of qubit relaxation times measured across different probe frequencies. The system receives or captures qubit relaxation times measured at different qubit frequencies, including relaxation times measured before and after a light pulse. In some embodiments, the system may perform multiple sweeps of frequency to obtain multiple sets of relaxation times. Because the system identifies qubits that do not meet performance requirements, and the received qubit relaxation times will include relaxation times for the identified faulty qubits.

[0040] The system determines (at box 640) whether the TLS situation is acceptable, for example, whether there is a good global TLS configuration across different qubits of the quantum processor, or whether there is strong coupling TLS in the quantum processor. If the TLS situation is acceptable, the process proceeds to 650 to calibrate the quantum processor, thus preparing it for use. If the TLS situation is unacceptable, for example, there is strong coupling between the qubits and TLS to cause severe degradation of the decoherence time (for example, less than 75% of the expected qubit relaxation time), the process returns to 620 to apply laser pulses again and measure qubit performance. In other words, the system applies a first light pulse to illuminate the quantum processor, and then determines whether to apply a second light pulse to illuminate the quantum processor based on the current TLS configuration or situation. This is an iterative process of applying light pulses and checking qubit relaxation times to eliminate or minimize TLS interactions with qubits.

[0041] In order to use light pulses to target specific qubits to scramble the TLS distribution, some embodiments of the present disclosure provide a method for selectively focusing light pulses onto individual qubits. Light is delivered to a quantum processor having an array of qubits through a dilution refrigerator. In some embodiments, optical fibers are used to deliver light pulses, and a set of bandpass filters is used to selectively address qubits or subsets of qubits. This allows for selective addressing of problematic qubits without adversely affecting other well-performing qubits, even for quantum processors with a large number of qubits.

[0042] In some embodiments, a qubit chip with a qubit array (quantum processor) can be manufactured on a substrate. The qubit chip has a quantum processor design based on superconducting transmission qubits. The optical fiber is mounted on the qubit chip, and the laser source can illuminate the qubit chip. The qubit chip is attached to an optical filter chip (also manufactured on a substrate) including a bandpass filter array. Each bandpass filter corresponds to a qubit or a subset of qubits in the qubit chip. The laser source is tuned and pulsed at the center frequency of (multiple) expected qubits to selectively apply laser pulses to each expected qubit or each subset of qubits to offset the TLS situation.

[0043] In some embodiments, each bandpass filter in the optical filter chip is aligned with a qubit on the quantum processor and tuned to a unique wavelength range. The light source can be tuned to produce light pulses of different wavelengths. A controller (e.g., TLS mitigation controller 120) can be configured to receive a selection of a qubit and to tune the light source to emit a light pulse having a wavelength that falls within the range of the bandpass filter aligned with the selected qubit.

[0044] Figure 7 The qubit illumination structure 700 is conceptually shown, which includes an optical filter chip for directing light pulses to a specific qubit. As shown, the qubit illumination structure includes the quantum processor 110, the optical filter chip 710, and the package top 720. The optical filter chip 710 has a bandpass filter (λ0-λ 15 ) array and is mounted above a quantum bit chip 110, which has quantum bits (q0-q 15 ) array. Each bandpass filter on the optical filter chip 710 is tuned to have a unique wavelength range. Optical fiber 705 is attached to the package top 720 to deliver light pulses from the tunable laser 730 to the qubit chip 110 through the bandpass filters in the optical filter chip 710.

[0045] The bandpass filter (λ0-λ 15 ) array allows the qubit that receives illumination to be selected based on the wavelength of light emitted by the tunable laser 730. Specifically, the bandpass filters at different locations are tuned to pass light of different wavelengths, so that light of a specific wavelength can only pass through a specific bandpass filter to reach a specific qubit, while other bandpass filters above other qubits will block the light. In some embodiments, the bandpass filters are absorptive, so when light is directed to a given qubit, scattering of light into adjacent qubits is minimized.

[0046] Figure 8 The qubit illumination structure 700 is conceptually shown in a package 800 and operating in a dilution refrigerator 810. The package includes a quantum processor 110, an optical filter chip 710, and a package top 720. A tunable laser 730 is external to the dilution refrigerator 810. The light pulses provided by the tunable laser 730 are delivered by an optical fiber 705 to the dilution refrigerator 810 for the qubit illumination structure 700. While in the package 800, the light pulses are filtered by a bandpass filter (λ0-λ1) in the optical filter chip 710. 15 When a light pulse is tuned to a wavelength that matches a specific bandpass filter, only the specific bandpass filter will allow the light pulse to pass through to reach the quantum processor 110.

[0047] 9A to 9CThe use of bandpass filters to direct light pulses at specific qubits is shown. These figures show a cross-sectional view of package 800 (housing qubit illumination structure 700), showing qubits q0, q1, q2, and q3 of quantum processor 110, and corresponding bandpass filters λ0, λ1, λ2, and λ3 in optical filter chip 710.

[0048] Fig. 9A Fiber 705 is shown carrying a light pulse 910 having a wavelength in the passband of bandpass filter λ 1. Light pulse 910 illuminates qubit q 1 through bandpass filter λ 1. All other bandpass filters block the light pulse, so no other qubits are illuminated. Fig. 9B An optical fiber 705 is shown carrying a light pulse 920 having a wavelength in the range of the bandpass filter λ2 reaching the qubit q2. Fig. 9C Fiber 705 is shown carrying a light pulse 930 having a wavelength in the range of bandpass filter λ5. Since the wavelength is not in the range of the bandpass filters, the light pulse is blocked by all four bandpass filters λ0, λ1, λ2, and λ3.

[0049] Fig.10 Conceptually, a process 1000 of using an optical bandpass filter to align a light pulse at a selected qubit is shown consistent with an illustrative embodiment. The TLS mitigation system 100 or the TLS mitigation controller 120 can perform the process to mitigate the harmful effects of TLS for preparing a quantum processor for use. In some embodiments, one or more processing units (e.g., processors) of a computing device implementing the TLS mitigation controller 120 perform the process 1000 by executing instructions stored in a computer-readable medium.

[0050] The system receives (at block 1010) a selection of a qubit in a quantum processor having an array of qubits.

[0051] The system identifies (at block 1020) a bandpass filter in a bandpass filter array that corresponds to the selected qubit. Each bandpass filter in the array (i) is aligned with a different qubit on the quantum processor, and (ii) is tuned to a unique wavelength range. In some embodiments, each bandpass filter absorbs light that is not in its wavelength range. The bandpass filters of the bandpass filter array are mounted on an optical filter chip (e.g., 710) in the same package (e.g., package 800) as the quantum processor. The optical filter chip and the quantum processor are in a system refrigeration unit (e.g., refrigeration unit 810).

[0052] The system tunes (at block 1030) a light source (e.g., tunable laser 730) to emit light pulses having a wavelength that falls within the range of the identified bandpass filter. The light pulses are used to scramble a two-level system (TLS) in the quantum processor. The light pulses from the light source are delivered to the quantum processor via an optical fiber. The optical fiber is attached to the top of the package that includes the quantum processor.

[0053] The present application may use systems, methods and / or computer program products at any possible level of integrated technical detail. The computer program product may include a computer-readable storage medium (or multiple media) having computer-readable program instructions thereon, which are used to cause a processor to perform various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0054] Computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. Computer readable storage medium can be, for example, but not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer disk, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanical encoding device such as a punch card or a raised structure in a groove with instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. Computer readable storage medium as used herein should not be interpreted as a transient signal itself, such as a radio wave or other freely propagating electromagnetic wave, an electromagnetic wave propagated by a waveguide or other transmission medium (e.g., a light pulse by an optical fiber cable), or an electrical signal transmitted by a wire.

[0055] The computer-readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded from a computer-readable storage medium to a corresponding computing / processing device, or downloaded to an external computer or external storage device via a network (e.g., the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network, and / or a wireless network). The network may include a copper transmission cable, an optical transmission fiber, a wireless transmission, a router, a firewall, a switch, a gateway computer, and / or an edge server. The network adapter card or the network interface in each computing / processing device receives the computer-readable program instructions from the network, and forwards the computer-readable program instructions for storage in the computer-readable storage medium in the corresponding computing / processing device. The computer-readable program instructions for performing the operation of the present disclosure may be assembly instructions, instruction set architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine-related instructions, microcodes, firmware instructions, state setting data, configuration data for an integrated circuit device, or source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages ​​(including object-oriented programming languages, such as Smalltalk, C++, etc.) and procedural programming languages ​​(such as "C" programming languages ​​or similar programming languages). The computer-readable program instructions may be executed entirely on the user's computer, partially on the user's computer, as an independent software data package, partially on the user's computer and partially on a remote computer, or entirely on a remote computer or server. In the latter case, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer via any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or may be connected to an external computer (e.g., using an Internet service provider via the Internet). In some embodiments, an electronic circuit device including, for example, a programmable logic circuit device, a field programmable gate array (FPGA), or a programmable logic array (PLA) may execute the computer-readable program instructions by utilizing the state information of the computer-readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuit so as to perform various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0056] Various aspects of the present disclosure are described herein with reference to the flowchart illustration and / or block diagram of the method, device (system) and computer program product according to the embodiment of the present disclosure. It will be understood that each frame of the flowchart illustration and / or block diagram and the combination of frames in the flowchart illustration and / or block diagram can be implemented by computer-readable program instructions. These computer-readable program instructions can be provided to the processor of a computer or other programmable data processing device to produce a machine, so that the instructions executed by the processor of a computer or other programmable data processing device create a mode for implementing the function / action specified in one or more frames of the flowchart and / or block diagram. These computer-readable program instructions can also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, which can guide a computer, a programmable data processing device and / or other equipment to run in a particular manner, so that the computer-readable storage medium with instructions stored therein includes a product, and the product includes instructions for implementing various aspects of the function / action specified in one or more frames of the flowchart and / or block diagram.

[0057] Computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operating steps to be executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device to produce a computer-implemented process, so that the instructions executed on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions / actions specified in one or more blocks of the flowchart and / or block diagram. Figure 6 and Fig.10 ) illustrate possible implementation architectures, functions, and operations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present disclosure. In this regard, each box in a flowchart or block diagram may represent a module, segment, or portion of an instruction, which includes one or more executable instructions for implementing (multiple) specified logical functions. In some alternative embodiments, the functions noted in the box may not occur in the order noted in the accompanying drawings. For example, two boxes shown in succession may actually be executed substantially simultaneously, or the boxes may sometimes be executed in reverse order, depending on the functions involved. It will also be noted that each box illustrated in the block diagram and / or flowchart and the combination of boxes in the block diagram and / or flowchart may be implemented by a dedicated hardware-based system that performs a specified function or action or performs a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions.

[0058] Fig.11 1 is a block diagram of components of data processing systems 1100 and 1150 that may be used to implement TLS mitigation controller 120 according to an illustrative embodiment of the present disclosure. It should be understood that Fig.11This is only a description of one implementation and does not imply any limitation on the environments in which different embodiments may be implemented. Many modifications to the depicted environment may be made based on design and implementation requirements.

[0059] Data processing systems 1100 and 1150 represent any electronic device capable of executing machine-readable program instructions. Data processing systems 1100 and 1150 may represent a smart phone, a computer system, a PDA, or other electronic device. Examples of computing systems, environments, and / or configurations that may be represented by data processing systems 1100 and 1150 include, but are not limited to, personal computer systems, server computer systems, thin clients, fat clients, handheld or laptop devices, multiprocessor systems, microprocessor-based systems, network PCs, small computer systems, and distributed cloud computing environments that include any of the above systems or devices.

[0060] Data processing systems 1100 and 1150 may include Fig.11 1000 and a set of internal components 1105 and a set of external components 1155 are shown in FIG. The set of internal components 1105 includes one or more processors 1120, one or more computer-readable RAMs 1122 and one or more computer-readable ROMs 1124 on one or more buses 1126, and one or more operating systems 1128 and one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130. One or more operating systems 1128 and programs such as those used to perform processes 600 and 1000 are stored on one or more computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130 for execution by one or more processors 1120 via one or more RAMs 1122 (which typically include cache memory). Fig.11 In the illustrated embodiment, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130 is a disk storage device of an internal hard drive. Alternatively, each of the computer-readable tangible storage devices 1130 is a semiconductor memory device such as ROM 1124, EPROM, flash memory, or any other computer-readable tangible storage device that can store computer programs and digital information.

[0061] The internal components 1105 collection also includes an R / W drive or interface 1132 to read from and write to one or more portable computer-readable tangible storage devices 1186, such as a CD-ROM, DVD, memory stick, tape, disk, optical disk, or semiconductor storage device. Instructions for performing processes 600 and 1000 may be stored on one or more corresponding portable computer-readable tangible storage devices in the corresponding portable computer-readable tangible storage devices 1186, read via the corresponding R / W drive or interface 1132, and loaded into the corresponding hard disk drive 1130.

[0062] The internal components 1105 collection may also include a network adapter (or switch port card) or interface 1136, such as a TCP / IP adapter card, a wireless Wi-Fi interface card, or a 3G or 4G wireless interface card or other wired or wireless communication link. The instructions of the process or program described above can be downloaded from an external computer (e.g., a server) via a network (e.g., the Internet, a local area network or other wide area network) and a corresponding network adapter or interface 1136. The instructions and data of the described program or process are loaded from the network adapter (or switch port adapter) or interface 1136 into a corresponding hard drive 1130. The network may include copper wire, optical fiber, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and / or edge servers.

[0063] The external components 1155 set may include a computer display monitor 1170, a keyboard 1180, and a computer mouse 1184. The external components 1155 set may also include a touch screen, a virtual keyboard, a touch pad, a pointing device, and other human-computer interface devices. The internal components 1105 set also includes a device driver 1140 to interface with the computer display monitor 1170, the keyboard 1180, and the computer mouse 1184. The device driver 1140, the R / W driver or interface 1132, and the network adapter or interface 1136 include hardware and software (stored in the storage device 1130 and / or ROM 1124).

[0064] The description of various embodiments of the present description has been presented for illustrative purposes, but is not intended to be exhaustive or limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments. The terms used herein are selected to best explain the principles of the embodiments, practical applications, or technical improvements existing in the market, or to enable others of ordinary skill in the art to understand the embodiments disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A system comprising: A quantum processor, the quantum processor comprising a plurality of quantum bits; a light source that can be tuned to produce light pulses of different wavelengths; as well as An array of bandpass filters, each bandpass filter is aligned with a quantum bit on the quantum processor.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein different bandpass filters in the bandpass filter array are tuned to corresponding different wavelength ranges.

3. The system of claim 2 further comprising a controller configured to receive a selection of a quantum bit and configured to tune the light source to emit light pulses having a wavelength that falls within the range of a bandpass filter aligned with the selected quantum bit.

4. The system of any one of the preceding claims, wherein each bandpass filter in the bandpass filter array is mounted on an optical filter chip in the same package as the quantum processor.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as a refrigeration unit of the quantum processor.

6. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the light pulses from the light emitting source are delivered to the quantum processor by optical fibre.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the top of the package including the quantum processor.

8. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each bandpass filter absorbs light not in its wavelength range.

9. A method comprising: receiving a selection of a qubit in a quantum processor comprising an array of qubits; identifying a bandpass filter in an array of bandpass filters that corresponds to the selected qubit, wherein each bandpass filter in the array is aligned with a different qubit on the quantum processor and is tuned to a unique wavelength range; as well as A light emitting source is tuned to emit light pulses having a wavelength that falls within the identified range of the bandpass filter.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein each bandpass filter in the bandpass filter array is mounted on an optical filter chip in the same package as an optical filter chip of the quantum processor.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as a refrigeration unit of the quantum processor.

12. The method of any preceding claim 9 to 11, further comprising delivering the light pulses from the light emitting source to the quantum processor by optical fiber.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the top of the package comprising the quantum processor.

14. A method according to any preceding claim 9 to 13, wherein each bandpass filter absorbs light not in its wavelength range.

15. A method comprising: receiving a light pulse of a specific wavelength from a light source; as well as passing the light pulses through a bandpass filter array to a quantum processor comprising a plurality of quantum bits, wherein each bandpass filter in the array is aligned with a qubit on the quantum processor, Wherein the light pulse passes through the band pass filter array at a specific band pass filter, the specific band pass filter being tuned to a wavelength range that includes the specific wavelength.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein different bandpass filters in the bandpass filter array are tuned to corresponding different wavelength ranges.

17. A method according to any of the preceding claims 15 to 16, wherein the light emitting source is tunable to emit light pulses of different wavelengths.

18. A method according to any one of the preceding claims 15 to 17, wherein each bandpass filter in the bandpass filter array absorbs light that is not in its wavelength range.

19. The method of any one of claims 15 to 18, wherein each bandpass filter in the bandpass filter array is mounted on an optical filter chip in the same package as an optical filter chip of the quantum processor.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein the optical filter chip is in the same refrigeration unit as a refrigeration unit of the quantum processor.

21. The method of any preceding claim 15 to 20, further comprising delivering the light pulses from the light emitting source to the bandpass filter array by optical fiber.

22. The method of claim 21, wherein the optical fiber is attached to the top of the package comprising the quantum processor.

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