System for continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, method for controlling a system for continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building, control unit and computer program product

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a system 1000 for continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building 2000, comprising: a first energy supply module 100 for providing an amount of energy in a first energy form; a first energy converter module 200 having a first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 for converting a portion of the provided amount of energy in a first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form in a primary load-dependent manner, and a first energy store 220 / 230 for storing energy in the second energy form, the energy storage device is used for storing a certain amount of energy in a second energy form; a consumption module 600 / 800 having at least one consumer of the building 2000 for consuming a quantity of energy in a first energy form dependent on the demand and / or a quantity of energy in a second energy form dependent on the demand; and a control unit 900 for controlling the modules of the system 1000; the system 1000 further comprises a second energy converter module 300 having a second energy converter 310 for converting another portion of the amount of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form, wherein a portion of the other portion of the amount of energy in the first energy form is converted into a second energy form while converting the other portion of the amount of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form, a second energy store 320 for storing an amount of energy in the third energy form, a third energy converter 330 / 340 for converting the other portion of the amount of energy in the first energy form into the second energy form, and a converter for converting the stored amount of energy in the third form of energy into the first form of energy wherein a portion of the amount of energy in the third form of energy is simultaneously converted into the second form of energy when the stored amount of energy in the third form of energy is converted into the first form of energy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building, a method for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building, a control unit for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building and a computer program product. Background Art

[0002] In order to make optimal use of the available energy, and especially in view of the potential effects of excessive, often unnecessary energy consumption, which can lead, for example, to increased CO2 emissions in energy production and thus to climate change, it is now more necessary than ever to use systems and machines that generate heat for heating other areas (e.g. residential and office buildings, but also barns, etc.), where the main task of these systems and machines is to produce components or provide IT services (e.g. computer operation and / or storage options, etc.).

[0003] Typically, these machines and facilities run on electrical energy, most of which is converted into thermal energy (heat) via drives or large processor units. This thermal energy is primarily discharged into the environment, in particular into the outside air, as waste heat via corresponding cooling systems. This means that a large part of the energy supplied to the system is released back into the environment unused, which means that more resources than necessary have to be used to generate electrical energy and heat the building.

[0004] For example, it is known in the art to utilize the waste heat of a server for other purposes by means of a properly designed water cooling system (rather than simply supplying the waste heat of the server to the environment).

[0005] The problem that often arises in the idea of ​​using the waste heat of these machines and facilities for other purposes is that these machines or facilities sometimes cannot be operated continuously with the same load (primary load of producing parts or primary load of performing computer operations, etc.) and therefore cannot continuously generate heat energy (as a secondary load).

[0006] In some cases, the primary load of a machine or facility may be subject to such large fluctuations that it is not possible to continuously supply heat to the building, so there is a need for a system that can advantageously utilize the fluctuations in over-generation and under-generation of electrical energy and thermal energy to ensure a continuous supply of electrical energy and thermal energy to the building.

[0007] In view of the above-mentioned shortcomings and based on the above-mentioned prior art, the purpose of the present application is to provide an improved system for continuous, demand-based energy supply for buildings, and a correspondingly improved method for controlling a system for continuous, demand-based energy supply for buildings, thereby avoiding the problems and shortcomings of the known technical solutions and enabling the generated energy to be used and stored continuously. Summary of the invention

[0008] The present disclosure relates to a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building, a method for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building, a control unit for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building and a computer program product.

[0009] In particular, in order to solve the above-mentioned task, a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building is proposed according to claim 1, a method for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building according to claim 24, a control unit for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building according to claim 33 and a computer program product according to claim 34. The dependent claims relate to some exemplary preferred embodiments.

[0010] According to one aspect, an exemplary system for continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building is proposed, the system having a first energy supply module for providing a certain amount of energy in a first energy form; a first energy converter module, which has a first primary load-dependent energy converter, for converting a part of the provided certain amount of energy in the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form in a primary load-dependent manner, and a first energy storage for storing a certain amount of energy in the second energy form; a consumption module, which has at least one consumer of the building, for consuming a certain amount of energy in the first energy form dependent on demand and / or a certain amount of energy in the second energy form dependent on demand; and a control unit, a module for controlling the system; the system also includes a second .... An energy converter for converting another part of a certain amount of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form, wherein while converting another part of a certain amount of energy in the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the another part of a certain amount of energy in the first energy form is converted into the second energy form, a second energy storage for storing a certain amount of energy in the third energy form, and a third energy converter for converting the stored certain amount of energy in the third energy form into the first energy form, wherein when converting the stored certain amount of energy in the third energy form into the first energy form, a part of the energy in the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form.

[0011] Specifically, the control unit can control the modules of the system in the following manner: if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, the excess energy is stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form and in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form in a delayed manner or simultaneously; and if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form and a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form (after being converted into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form and / or the second energy form) are released in a delayed manner or simultaneously for consumption in the consumption module.

[0012] The control unit of the exemplary system can advantageously control the storage and release process of the energy storage so that the storage process of the second energy form of the energy storage occurs simultaneously with the storage process of the third energy form of the energy storage. Delayed storage and sequential storage of different energy forms are possible. The same applies to the release process of the storage, which can also be timed. Various conditions can be used as criteria / basis (for example, due to different efficiencies of each energy form with another energy form when converted or consumption requirements of the corresponding energy form in the building, etc.) to determine when which storage is loaded or released, and how it is loaded or released.

[0013] Through the exemplary system, although, for example, electrical energy (e.g., a first energy form) is converted into, for example, thermal energy (e.g., a second energy form) according to the primary load, which sometimes causes large fluctuations in the generated energy and thus causes fluctuations in the thermal energy (heat) supply to the building, a continuous supply of electrical energy and thermal energy to the building can be ensured.

[0014] The use of a third energy form (e.g. chemical energy) as a compensating energy form for the continuous supply demand for the first energy form (e.g. electrical energy) and / or the second energy form (e.g. thermal energy) has unexpectedly positive effects on the machines and systems of the system, buildings and their technical units / modules.

[0015] If there is excess energy (more available energy than consumed), in particular an excess of electrical energy, the excess energy can be converted into chemical energy and stored for later use, for example when electrical or thermal energy is insufficient to supply machines and systems and buildings. If necessary, electrical and thermal energy can be recovered from the stored chemical energy and advantageously used for the continuous supply of machines and systems and buildings and / or their technical units / modules.

[0016] Among other advantages, a significant advantage of this method is that relatively large amounts of chemical energy can be stored in a relatively small space, since chemical energy (e.g. gases such as hydrogen, methane, etc.) can be easily compressed at appropriate pressures (e.g. in the range of 30-40 bar), where the amount of energy required to compress the gas to reach these pressure levels (e.g. the amount of electrical energy used for this purpose) is relatively modest.

[0017] Another advantage of the method is that gases such as hydrogen can be used in various ways to recover heat or electricity. One variant is, for example, the combustion of the hydrogen in corresponding devices (for example in a combined heat and power plant); another variant is, for example, the use of the hydrogen in fuel cells.

[0018] The so-called cold combustion in a fuel cell also generates waste heat of about 55° C. In a combined heat and power plant, the exhaust gas temperature is usually between 300° C. and 400° C. In both cases, waste heat in the low to medium temperature range on the one hand and in the high temperature range on the other hand, as well as electrical energy can be used further in the exemplary system.

[0019] A continuous supply of electrical and thermal energy to the building can be ensured in various ways, in particular with regard to which form of energy (thermal or electrical energy) is also required and of what quality (despite fluctuations in the supply or generation of thermal energy (due to the primary load dependence of the first energy converter)), thereby ensuring or supporting the operation of the building's machines / equipment (e.g. machine tools, computing units, etc.) and technical units / modules (e.g. heat pumps) and, thus, the operation of the exemplary system.

[0020] The exemplary system enables the use of various energy forms, such as electrical energy (e.g., a first energy form), thermal energy (e.g., a second energy form), and chemical energy (e.g., a third energy form), each with its own advantages and disadvantages, to advantageously provide a continuous supply to a building. For example, while the conversion of electrical energy to thermal energy has very high efficiency, storing large amounts of electrical energy or heat may be problematic because such storage requires a large amount of space or an investment amount that renders the overall system uneconomical, while the conversion of electrical energy to chemical energy is somewhat less efficient, but the storage of chemical energy (e.g., in the form of gas / fuel gas) offers the possibility of achieving higher energy density when storing chemical energy than electrical or thermal energy storage due to compression. Depending on the degree of energy surplus or shortage or the need for a particular energy form, the system may be advantageously used.

[0021] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended such that the first energy supply module has a first energy generator for generating a certain amount of energy in a first energy form, wherein the generated certain amount of energy in the first energy form depends on at least one first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source, such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

[0022] If the electrical energy (e.g. the first energy form) is provided by renewable energy sources, the problem of continuous energy supply of the building becomes more complex and therefore clearer. Photovoltaic systems on the roof of a building or on the relevant property are particularly popular when the electrical energy is generated using renewable energy sources. Small wind turbine solutions (e.g. wind turbines, vertical wind turbines, etc.) are also available on the market today and are becoming increasingly popular.

[0023] The problem with these energy sources, especially energy from solar radiation (solar energy) and energy from air currents (wind energy), is availability. At night, when the sun is not shining, no solar energy can be generated. The same thing happens when there is no wind, so there are no wind turbines that can generate electricity for use. If both situations occur together, a so-called "dunkelflaute" is formed.

[0024] Another problem is the general lack of suitable consumers during the day, i.e. when the sun is shining brightly and therefore can be used to generate energy, especially in private households, as most people are out at work during the day and therefore the energy generated at home is often not fully available for own devices and auxiliary equipment (e.g. lighting, computing technology, printers, etc.). A similar problem exists with wind energy, which can in principle be generated at any time of the day or night, but only when the wind blows, and ideally the energy generated would also be consumed at this time.

[0025] An exemplary system enables a certain amount of energy generated from a discontinuous energy source, such as solar radiation (using photovoltaic or solar energy systems) or air flow (using wind turbines), to be used to supply a building both during the day and at night.

[0026] Excess energy is used to fill the energy storage in order to compensate for the lack of energy during periods of low energy production from the photovoltaic units and / or wind turbines, in particular when less energy is produced than consumed by the building consumers.

[0027] Even when intermittent energy sources such as solar and wind are used to provide electrical energy, the use of chemical energy as a compensating energy form has proven to be very effective, as fluctuations in the electrical energy supply can also be used very advantageously or can be balanced by the above-mentioned system to ensure a continuous supply of electrical energy and thermal energy to the building.

[0028] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended in that the first energy supply module has a third energy storage device for storing a quantity of energy in the first energy form.

[0029] Specifically, the control unit can control the modules of the system in the following manner: if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then substantially the excess energy is stored in a first energy storage for storing the second energy form, a second energy storage for storing the third energy form, and a third energy storage for storing the first energy form in a delayed manner or simultaneously; and if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then substantially a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form, in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form (after converting it into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form and / or the second energy form), and in the third energy storage for storing the first energy form is released again in a delayed manner or simultaneously for consumption by the consumption module.

[0030] This exemplary development makes it possible to advantageously store a certain amount of energy in a first energy form (e.g. electrical energy) in order to store / buffer them at least temporarily, for example in the case of a very large excess of electrical energy, and to use them for conversion into chemical energy, for example for long-term storage, or conversely, to store additional electrical energy resulting from the conversion of chemical energy (e.g. into heat energy) and to make it available again to the exemplary system when required. Here, too, the control unit can control the storage and release processes of the electrical storage device according to the storage and release processes already described.

[0031] The stored and resupplied energy can be supplied not only to one or more consumer modules of the building, but also to machines and systems which rely on heat generators as primary loads and to technical units / modules of the building and thus also to the entire exemplary system itself.

[0032] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended such that the first energy converter module has a fifth energy storage device configured to convert a certain amount of energy in the second energy form into a certain amount of energy in the third energy form and store it, wherein the fifth energy storage device is configured to convert the stored certain amount of energy in the third energy form back into a certain amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0033] The fifth energy storage device can advantageously convert a certain amount of energy in the second energy form (e.g., thermal energy) directly into a certain amount of energy in the third energy form (e.g., chemical energy) and prepare it for storage in the fifth energy storage device. In addition, the fifth energy storage device is configured to reversibly perform the process so that the stored certain amount of energy in the third energy form is converted back into a certain amount of energy in the second energy form, and this (second energy form) can be provided to the exemplary system through the fifth energy storage device.

[0034] The fifth energy storage can be advantageously used in the system, since in addition to excess electrical energy there may also be excess thermal energy in the exemplary system. This thermal excess can exist, for example, when the primary load-dependent heat generator is fully utilized and all other heat storages are fully loaded, but less heat is consumed in the consumer modules of the building than is generated, so that the chemical heat storage can be advantageously used here. Another example of an advantageous use of a chemical heat storage is the storage of thermal energy generated by the third energy converter when the chemical energy stored in the third energy storage is reconverted.

[0035] The exemplary system can be advantageously further extended to storing excess energy in different energy forms in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting excess or released a certain amount of energy in different energy forms in a sequence controlled by the control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the sequence based on the first primary load dependence of the primary load of the energy converter and the demand of the consumption module for the amount of energy in the first energy form and the amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0036] In particular, the capacity utilization factor of the primary load of the first energy converter can be a relevant parameter for the control system to determine and thus "plan" the amount of thermal energy to be generated on the one hand, but also to always keep the thermal energy that can be generated in line with the needs of the consumer modules of the building and to initiate appropriate storage of excess thermal energy, for example in the case of overproduction / overproduction of thermal energy. Of course, the same applies to excess electrical energy, which can also be advantageously stored directly or first converted into another energy form, such as thermal energy and / or chemical energy, and stored accordingly.

[0037] However, other parameters may also be advantageously taken into account in the control of the system, such as the availability of storage capacity for the respective energy form or the short-term provision of relatively large amounts of energy, such as large amounts of electrical energy, for example for energy-intensive production processes.

[0038] The exemplary system may advantageously be further extended so that the first energy storage comprises a short-term storage for short-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form and a long-term storage for medium- to long-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0039] In a particularly advantageous manner, it is proposed to provide a short-term storage (e.g. a so-called stratified storage, buffer storage or thermal buffer, which is (e.g.) filled with water) in combination with a long-term storage (e.g. a so-called seasonal storage) for storing thermal energy. While even smaller amounts of thermal energy (e.g. in addition to the thermal energy of the primary load-dependent heat generator, the thermal energy during the conversion of electrical energy into chemical energy and its reconversion in the second or third energy converter) can be stored well in the short-term storage and released for use in the building within one day to several days, larger amounts of thermal energy (e.g. the thermal energy of the primary load-dependent heat generator) can be stored in the long-term storage for long-term storage and release of heat within weeks to months. The heat of the short-term and long-term storage can be used not only for heating the building, but of course also for heating drinking water.

[0040] The exemplary system may advantageously be further extended in that the short term storage and the long term storage are directly operatively connected to each other such that a certain amount of energy of the second energy form can be exchanged between the short term storage and the long term storage.

[0041] By means of a direct operational connection, heat exchange can be carried out directly between the two reservoirs without first having to be transported to the heat network, which makes the transfer of heat easier. For example, a direct operational connection can be achieved by directly connecting the two reservoirs (short-term reservoir and long-term reservoir) with a water pipe or equivalent. Furthermore, heat exchange can also be carried out, for example, by means of a plate heat exchanger.

[0042] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended such that the control unit is also configured to control the storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form in the first energy storage, so that a certain amount of energy is primarily stored in the short-term storage and a certain amount of energy in the second energy form is secondly stored in the long-term storage.

[0043] As mentioned above, it may make sense to initially store a certain amount of heat in a short-term storage (e.g. to release it again and heat a building or prepare hot water during the rest of the day or night), while, for example, excess heat may be stored in a long-term storage after the short-term storage has been filled or at least partially filled. However, other boundary conditions may also be considered in order to determine the order in which the certain amounts of heat are stored.

[0044] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended by the second energy converter module, wherein the second energy converter for converting the first energy form into the third energy form and the third energy converter for converting the third energy form into the first energy form are a component configured to perform a process of converting the third energy form into the first energy form as a reversible process of converting the first energy form into the third energy form.

[0045] This advantageous embodiment of the exemplary system allows the total number of individual components in the system to be kept low, thereby simplifying the control of the components by the control unit. In particular, the exemplary system can be advantageously designed if the conversion of the first energy form into the third energy form and the conversion of the third energy form into the first energy form involves a direct or single-stage conversion of the original energy form into the target energy form.

[0046] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended with a second energy supply module having a second energy generator for generating the third energy form, the second energy generator generating an amount of energy in the third energy form dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, wherein the second energy supply module also has a fourth energy converter for converting the third energy form into the second energy form.

[0047] The exemplary system can advantageously be expanded by additional energy supply modules, since, in addition to the previously regenerative or renewable energy sources (e.g. solar and wind energy), wood can now also be used as a renewable raw material. The second energy generator can be switched on demand, so that initially the system is supported by the production of gas as a third energy form, and then heat is supplied to the system by converting chemical energy into thermal energy, for example, supplying or loading heat to a short-term storage and / or a long-term storage. In addition, the fifth energy storage can also be loaded with thermal energy. For example, the advantage is that the heat of the fifth storage (chemical heat storage) can be released on demand, while the second energy generator (e.g. designed as a log gasifier) ​​burns its entire amount of wood and must be fully energy-provided within a few hours.

[0048] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended so that the second energy supply module has a fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form, wherein the fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form is not operatively connected to or is directly operatively connected to the first energy storage device for storing the second energy form to exchange a certain amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0049] In particular, it is of course advantageous if the second energy supply module also has its own energy store for storing heat, which is optionally connected to the short-term store and whereby heat can be transferred from the energy store of the second energy supply module to the first energy store.

[0050] An exemplary system can advantageously have an additional consumer, different from the at least one consumer of the consumption module of the building, for consuming a certain amount of energy in the second energy form, wherein the control unit is configured to control the additional consumer in the following manner: if the energy storage for storing the second energy form (e.g. short-term and long-term thermal storage or chemical thermal storage) essentially no longer has any capacity for the additional amount of energy in the second energy form, excess energy in the second energy form (e.g. resulting from primary load-dependent capacity utilization of heat generators and / or conversion from electrical energy to chemical energy and reconversion thereof) is provided to the additional consumer for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0051] This additional consumer can remove a large amount of thermal energy (second energy form) from the system, for example if there is already excess thermal energy in the system and "emergency cooling" of the system is required and / or if all reservoirs are already full, for example. For example, a heatable outdoor swimming pool can be used for this purpose, where a large amount of water is heated and the potential excess heat can be released to the surroundings.

[0052] The exemplary system may advantageously be further extended to include a first energy form being electrical energy, a second energy form being thermal energy, and a third energy form being chemical energy.

[0053] The exemplary system is particularly suitable for the combined use of electrical energy, thermal energy and chemical energy. As mentioned above, each energy form has advantages and disadvantages in terms of production, conversion and storage. Depending on the situation or availability of energy (such as solar and wind energy or energy from renewable raw materials (such as wood or general plant materials)) or the energy needs of the building (such as the difference in the energy needs of the building between summer and winter and / or the needs of primary loads relying on heat generators (such as servers / computing units, machine tools, packaging systems, etc.)), it is advantageous to prefer one energy form over another.

[0054] The advantages of each individual energy form in the exemplary system can be used to control energy management more efficiently and in a more demand-oriented manner.

[0055] The exemplary system may be further advantageously extended to include a reversible fuel cell that is capable of converting an amount of electrical energy into an amount of chemical energy in one process and can reverse the process to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

[0056] A reversible fuel cell can advantageously be provided as a component of an exemplary system, which can convert electrical energy into chemical energy (e.g. into a fuel gas such as hydrogen, ammonia or methane) and can also perform the process in reverse. This makes it possible to advantageously switch between the two energy forms and, depending on the requirements (e.g. the requirements for the energy form or the requirements for special properties such as better storability), the (better) appropriate energy form can be selected and converted or reconverted accordingly.

[0057] The exemplary system can be advantageously further extended to include a connection to a public grid, wherein the control unit is configured to allow or stop supplying electrical energy from the public grid to the system and to allow or stop transferring electrical energy from the system to the public grid.

[0058] By connecting to the public grid, when the system itself cannot generate energy (e.g. by solar and wind energy, e.g. during so-called "low seasons") or the generated energy is insufficient and / or the storage of the exemplary system is substantially emptied, energy supply can be restored from outside the system. In addition, such a connection can also be used to feed additional energy into the system and store it if necessary, which is particularly advantageous, for example, in situations where the cost of energy is relatively low (e.g. comparing night-time electricity prices with daytime electricity prices, or when wind and solar energy provide particularly large amounts of green electricity, or when electricity demand is low).

[0059] The exemplary system is controlled by a control unit so that the producer of electric energy generates as much electricity as the consumer of electric energy at any time. For example, the producer can be a wind turbine / photovoltaic unit. For example, the consumer can be a technical system (such as a first primary load dependent energy converter or a second energy converter) and a household electronic device. The electric storage (such as a third energy storage) can be adjusted by its ability to absorb and release electricity at different times through the control of the control unit to absorb electricity and therefore belong to the consumer when the power is excessive. When the power is insufficient, that is, when the consumer consumes more electricity / energy than the electric energy generated by the producer, the electric storage can be adjusted to the level of power shortage by the control of the control unit. This means that in the second case described in the exemplary embodiment, the electric storage can belong to the generator. In both cases, the power transmission to the public grid is zero. The internal power grid continues to oscillate at 50 Hz in synchronization with the public grid, but there is no power transmission (also known as parallel operation).

[0060] The exemplary system may advantageously be further extended to include a heat pump which increases the amount of thermal energy in the system by reversing the heat-to-electricity process, wherein the heat pump uses thermal energy stored in the long-term storage of the first energy storage.

[0061] Using a heat pump as another advantageous component of the exemplary system can further increase the amount of energy (e.g. per liter of water or per cubic meter of air) because it reverses the heat-to-electricity process and increases the amount of heat by performing additional work, wherein the additional heat can be advantageously supplied to the exemplary system and particularly advantageously supplied to the storage of the second energy form. For example, the heat pump can use the electrical energy and thermal energy generated by converting chemical energy to further increase the amount of heat in the exemplary system.

[0062] This exemplary system can advantageously be further extended in that the long-term storage of the first energy storage is a seasonal heat storage, in particular a basin heat storage.

[0063] By using so-called seasonal heat storages, the energy (heat) generated or converted into a second energy form can be stored for a relatively long time and made available to consumers during this time. The use of earth basin heat storages is particularly advantageous, since these can be arranged, for example, in the foundations of a building, so that no additional, larger space is required in or near the building for this type of seasonal heat storage. Furthermore, the seasonal heat storage can also be designed as a multi-layer geothermally efficient geothermal collector with the capability of hydraulically inputting and extracting heat energy and with top and side insulation.

[0064] This exemplary system can advantageously be further extended in that the first energy converter is a computing unit that performs a computer operation as a primary load, and converts the electrical energy dependent on the primary load into thermal energy by performing the computer operation.

[0065] A particularly advantageous embodiment of an exemplary system is one in which a computing unit such as a server structure or an entire data center is used to generate or convert heat (e.g., a second energy form) from electrical energy (e.g., a first energy form), the primary load being the computer operations, but as a secondary load, the thermal energy is generated from the electrical energy and can be used by the system, in particular supplied to a building.

[0066] Since these computing systems require large amounts of electrical energy, which is mainly converted into heat by the computing process itself, it is advantageous to use the generated heat and, for example, heat buildings and / or use it to prepare hot water, rather than releasing it into the environment via cooling systems.

[0067] Using computing units to generate heat is advantageous because the digitization of society will continue to advance and therefore computing power will continue to be needed in the future to meet the needs of servers and storage space.

[0068] Other devices with corresponding energy-intensive drives, hydraulic units and / or controllers, such as machine tools, manufacturing plants, logistics systems, etc., which also generate a lot of waste heat, can also be used as primary load-dependent energy converters for converting electrical energy into heat energy in a primary load-dependent manner.

[0069] This exemplary system can be advantageously further expanded so that the second energy generator of the second energy supply module is a wood gasifier, and the fourth energy converter is a wood gas burner, wherein the wood gasifier and the wood gas burner are one component.

[0070] In order to provide additional energy, it makes sense to expand the exemplary system with a wood gasifier. This makes it possible to gasify the wood by an autothermal reaction, thereby producing combustible gas, which is used to generate heat in a wood gas burner associated with the wood gasifier. Wood is renewable and is therefore one of the "green" renewable raw materials for energy production, even if it produces climate-damaging carbon dioxide and fine dust compared to, for example, the operation of wind turbines or solar systems. Compared to other solid fuel boilers, today's modern wood gasifiers equipped with wood gas burners can achieve very low pollutant emission values ​​and very high efficiency thanks to automatically controlled combustion and an electrically driven fine dust separator.

[0071] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended in that the third energy storage device for storing electrical energy is a vanadium redox flow battery or a lithium-ion battery.

[0072] Different types of batteries can be advantageously used to store electrical energy (e.g., the first energy form), with vanadium redox flow batteries having significantly higher operating reliability compared to lithium-ion batteries, since their electrolytes have a high water content and are not flammable or explosive, and thus vanadium redox flow batteries can withstand short circuits without damage. Vanadium redox flow batteries also have the advantage of being permanently stable, in terms of the electrolyte, theoretically allowing an unlimited number of charging cycles without a reduction in charge capacity. However, other batteries can also be used, such as other solid-state batteries, such as lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4) batteries.

[0073] According to another aspect, an exemplary method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building by a control unit is proposed, comprising: providing a certain amount of energy in a first energy form by a first energy supply module, converting a portion of the certain amount of energy in the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by a first primary load-dependent energy converter of a first energy converter module in a manner dependent on a primary load, consuming a certain amount of energy in the first energy form based on demand and / or a certain amount of energy in the second energy form based on demand by at least one consumer of a consumption module of the building, wherein, if the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form based on demand consumed by the consumption module, storing a significantly excess amount of energy in the second energy form in a delayed manner or simultaneously in the first energy storage of the first energy converter module, converting the significantly excess amount of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form by a second energy converter of a second energy converter module, wherein, after converting the significantly excess amount of energy in the first energy form into the During the third energy form, a portion of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage for storage, and a certain amount of energy of the third energy form is stored in the second energy storage of the second energy converter module, and / or if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy of the first energy form and the second energy form based on demand consumed by the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form is released for consumption in the consumption module, and then a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is released to the third energy converter, and a certain amount of energy released by the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is converted into a certain amount of energy of the first energy form by the third energy converter for consumption by the consumption module, wherein, while converting a certain amount of energy of the third energy form released by the second energy storage into the first energy form, a portion of the released certain amount of energy of the third energy form is converted into the second energy form and fed to the consumption module for consumption.

[0074] The advantages already mentioned with respect to the exemplary system are of course equally applicable to the exemplary method and are therefore not repeated here.

[0075] The exemplary method can advantageously be further extended to generating a certain amount of energy in the first energy form by a first energy generator of the first energy supply module, wherein the generated certain amount of energy in the first energy form depends on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source, such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

[0076] The exemplary method can advantageously be further extended to include, if the amount of energy of the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then a portion of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form is stored in a third energy storage device of the first energy supply module in a delayed manner or simultaneously, and a significantly excess energy of the second energy form is stored in the first energy storage device of the first energy converter module, and another portion of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form is converted into the third energy form by the second energy converter module, wherein when the another portion of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form is converted into the third energy form, a portion of the another portion of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the first energy storage device for storage, and a certain amount of energy of the third energy form is stored in the second energy storage device of the second energy converter module, and / or if the first If the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by an energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy storage for storing the first energy form is released in a delayed manner or simultaneously for consumption in the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form is released for consumption in the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is released to the third energy converter, and a certain amount of energy released by the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is converted into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form through the third energy converter for consumption by the consumption module, wherein, while converting the certain amount of energy in the third energy form released by the second energy storage into the first energy form, a portion of the released certain amount of energy in the third energy form is converted into the second energy form and fed to the consumption module for consumption.

[0077] The exemplary method can advantageously be further extended to storing excess energy in different energy forms in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting excess or released a certain amount of energy in different energy forms in a sequence controlled by a control unit, wherein the control unit is configured to control the sequence based on the first primary load dependence of the energy converter on the primary load and the demand of the consumption module for the amount of energy in the first energy form and the amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0078] The exemplary method can advantageously be further extended so that the first energy storage comprises a short-term storage for short-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form and a long-term storage for medium- to long-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form, wherein the control unit is further configured to control the storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form in the first energy storage so that a certain amount of energy is primarily stored in the short-term storage and secondly a certain amount of energy in the second energy form is stored in the long-term storage.

[0079] This exemplary method can advantageously be further extended to generating a certain amount of energy in the third energy form by a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generation of the certain amount of energy in the third energy form by the second energy generator depends on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, converting the generated certain amount of energy in the third energy form into the second energy form by a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module, and storing the certain amount of energy in the second energy form in a fourth energy storage of the second energy supply module, wherein the control unit is configured to generate, convert and store a certain amount of energy through the second energy supply module according to the energy demand of the consumption module and the availability of the second energy source.

[0080] The exemplary method can advantageously be further extended by consuming the excess energy of the second energy form by an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumption module of the building, in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy of the second energy form, if the energy storage for storing the second energy form substantially no longer has capacity for an additional amount of energy of the second energy form.

[0081] This exemplary method can advantageously be further extended in that the first energy form is electrical energy, the second energy form is thermal energy, and the third energy form is chemical energy.

[0082] The exemplary method can advantageously be further extended to allow or stop supplying electrical energy from the public grid to the system via the connection of the system to the public grid, or to allow or stop feeding electrical energy from the system to the public grid via said connection of said system to said public grid.

[0083] According to another aspect, an exemplary control unit for controlling the aforementioned system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building is proposed, wherein the control unit is configured to perform a method for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building of the above-described type.

[0084] According to a further aspect, an exemplary computer program product is proposed, having a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, which computer program is executable on the above-mentioned control unit or in a computer connected to the control unit and configured to control a method of the above-mentioned type.

[0085] According to another example, an exemplary system for continuous energy supply of a building is proposed, which has a first energy supply module, which has a first energy generator for generating a certain amount of energy in a first energy form, and the generated certain amount of energy in the first energy form depends on at least a first energy source; a first energy converter module, which has a first energy converter for converting a part of the certain amount of energy in the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form, and a first energy storage for storing a certain amount of energy in the second energy form; a second energy converter module, which has a second energy converter for converting another part of the certain amount of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form, a second energy storage for storing a certain amount of energy in the third energy form, and a third energy converter for converting the stored certain amount of energy in the third energy form into the first energy form; a consumption module, which has at least one consumer of the building for consuming a certain amount of energy in the first energy form and / or a certain amount of energy in the second energy form, and a control unit for a module for controlling the system, wherein the first energy source for generating the first energy form is a discontinuous energy source.

[0086] Specifically, the control unit can control the modules of the system in such a way that if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then substantially the excess energy is stored in a first energy storage for storing the second energy form and in a second energy storage for storing the third energy form in a delayed manner or simultaneously, and, if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then substantially a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form and a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form are released again in a delayed manner or simultaneously to be consumed in the consumption module.

[0087] The exemplary system enables relatively large amounts of overproduced electrical energy to be stored (e.g. by conversion or direct storage), thereby avoiding the feeding of this excess energy into the public grid, which in turn contributes to network stability. If the storage of various energy forms (e.g. electrical energy, thermal energy and chemical energy) is substantially fully utilized (filled), the system can release large amounts of energy into the environment via additional consumers (e.g. heated outdoor swimming pools, etc.), so that excess energy is removed from the system without supplying energy to the public grid (which could lead to instability of the public grid).

[0088] The control unit of the exemplary system can also advantageously control the storage and release processes of the energy storage so that the storage process of the second energy form (electrical energy) of the energy storage occurs simultaneously with the storage process of the third energy form (chemical energy) of the energy storage. Delayed storage and sequential storage of different energy forms are possible. The same applies to the release process of the storage, which can also be controlled in a timely manner. Various conditions can be used as criteria / basis (for example, due to different efficiencies of each energy form compared to other energy forms during conversion or consumption requirements of the corresponding energy form in the building, etc.) to determine when to load or release which storage, and how to load or release.

[0089] The exemplary system can advantageously be further developed in that the first energy supply module has a third energy storage device for storing a quantity of energy in the first energy form.

[0090] Specifically, the control unit can control the modules of the system in such a way that if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then basically the excess energy is stored in a first energy storage for storing the second energy form, in a second energy storage for storing the third energy form, and in a third energy storage for storing the first energy form in a delayed manner or simultaneously; and if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated or provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then basically a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form, a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form, and a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy storage for storing the first energy form are released again in a delayed manner or simultaneously to be consumed in the consumption module.

[0091] The exemplary system can advantageously be further extended such that storing excess energy in different energy forms generated by the first energy supply module in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting the released certain amount of energy in different energy forms are performed in a sequence controlled by the control unit, wherein the sequence is determined based on the efficiency between generating, storing and converting a certain amount of energy, and wherein higher efficiency takes precedence over lower efficiency.

[0092] In particular, considering the different efficiencies of controlling when, how, and into which other energy form generated or excess energy (e.g., electricity or one of the other two energy forms) is converted can help optimize the use of energy generated by discontinuous energy sources such as solar and wind power.

[0093] For example, in the case of a relatively very large excess energy, it may make sense to convert the excess energy with a lower efficiency but with a larger storage capacity, whereas in the case of a relatively small excess energy, it may be more useful to convert the excess energy with the highest possible efficiency but with a smaller storage capacity.

[0094] In addition, parameters such as the availability of storage capacities of the various energy forms can be taken into account (e.g. when the chemical energy storage is already 80% loaded and the electrical energy storage is only 20% loaded, it is preferred to continue to load the electrical energy storage, etc.) or changes in the upcoming energy demand, e.g. in warmer periods of the year (late spring to early autumn), less thermal energy (heat energy) is required than, for example, in colder periods of the year (e.g. from the end of summer of the respective year), and the thermal storage of the system should be loaded. This can also be decisive or additionally decisive for the control of the system and the handling of excess energy.

[0095] For further advantageous, exemplary further developments of the exemplary embodiment of this exemplary system, reference is made to the examples of further developments of the exemplary system described above.

[0096] According to another example, an exemplary method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply of a building by a control unit is proposed, the method comprising: generating a certain amount of energy in a first energy form by a first energy generator of a first energy supply module, the generated certain amount of energy depends on the first energy form of at least one first discontinuous energy source, converting a part of the certain amount of energy in the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by a first energy converter of a first energy converter module, consuming a certain amount of energy in the first energy form and / or a certain amount of energy in the second energy form by at least one consumer of the building of a consumption module, wherein, if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, storing a significantly excess amount of energy in the second energy form in the first energy converter module in a delayed manner or simultaneously. In the first energy storage of the block, a significantly excess amount of energy in the first energy form is converted into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form by the second energy converter of the second energy converter module, and a certain amount of energy in the third energy form is stored in the second energy storage of the second energy converter module, wherein, if the amount of energy in the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form is released in a delayed manner or simultaneously for consumption in the consumption module, energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is released to the third energy converter, and a certain amount of energy released from the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is converted into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form by the third energy converter for consumption in the consumption module.

[0097] The advantages already mentioned with regard to the example of the exemplary system can of course equally apply to the exemplary embodiments of the exemplary method, so they will not be repeated here.

[0098] The exemplary method may include, if the amount of energy of the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy of the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, storing a portion of the significantly excess first energy form in a third energy storage of the first energy supply module in a delayed manner or simultaneously, storing the significantly excess second energy form in a first energy storage of the first energy converter module, converting another portion of the significantly excess first energy form into a third energy form by a second energy converter of the second energy converter module, and storing a certain amount of the third energy form in a second energy storage of the second energy converter module, wherein the exemplary method may also include, If the amount of energy in the first energy form generated by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy storage for storing the first energy form is released in a delayed manner or simultaneously for consumption in the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form is released for consumption in the consumption module, a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is released to the third energy converter, and a certain amount of energy released from the second energy storage for storing the third energy form is converted into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form through the third energy converter for consumption in the consumption module.

[0099] In the exemplary method, storing the excess energy in various energy forms generated by the first energy supply module in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in various energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting the released certain amount of energy in various energy forms occur in a sequence controlled by a control unit, wherein the sequence is determined, for example, according to the efficiency between generating, storing and converting a certain amount of energy, and wherein higher efficiency takes precedence over lower efficiency. Alternatively or additionally, the sequence can be determined, for example, according to a cost model between generating, storing and converting a certain amount of energy. The cost model is affected by production costs, operating costs and efficiency. Lower production and operating costs take precedence over higher production and operating costs. Higher efficiency takes precedence over lower efficiency.

[0100] In an exemplary method, the first energy storage may include a short-term storage for short-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form and a long-term storage for medium- to long-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form, wherein the short-term storage and the long-term storage are directly operatively connected to each other so that a control unit can control the exchange of the certain amount of energy in the second energy form between the short-term storage and the long-term storage.

[0101] In an exemplary method, the control unit may control the storage of an amount of energy in the second energy form in the first energy storage such that an amount of energy is primarily stored in the short term storage and secondly an amount of energy in the second energy form is stored in the long term storage.

[0102] The exemplary method may include generating a certain amount of energy in a third energy form by a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generation of the certain amount of energy in the third energy form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, converting the generated certain amount of energy in the third energy form into a second energy form by a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module, and storing the certain amount of energy in the second energy form in a fourth energy storage of the second energy supply module, wherein a control unit controls the generation, conversion and storage of the certain amount of energy through the second energy supply module according to the energy demand of the system and the availability of the second energy source.

[0103] The exemplary method may include, if an energy storage for storing the second energy form no longer has substantially any capacity for an additional amount of energy in the second energy form, consuming the excess amount of energy in the second energy form by an additional consumer different from at least one consumer of the building of the consumption module to reduce the total amount of energy in the system.

[0104] In an exemplary method, the first energy form may be electrical energy, the second energy form may be thermal energy, and the third energy form may be chemical energy.

[0105] The exemplary method may include allowing or stopping the supply of electric energy from the public grid to the system through connection of the system to the public grid, or allowing or stopping the supply of electric energy from the system to the public grid through connection of the system to the public grid.

[0106] According to another example, an exemplary control unit for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply of a building is proposed, wherein the control unit is further configured to perform the aforementioned method for controlling the aforementioned system for continuous energy supply of a building.

[0107] According to another example, an exemplary computer program product is presented, which has a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, which computer program is executable on the above-mentioned control unit or in a computer connected to the control unit and configured to control the above-mentioned method.

[0108] The following description and illustration of the drawings describe other aspects and advantages thereof as well as advantages and more specific implementation options of the above-mentioned aspects and features, but are in no way limiting. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0109] Figure 1 shows an exemplary system in the supply structure of a building or a system classification overview of the systems and machines of a building and an energy supplier,

[0110] Figure 2 An exemplary embodiment of an exemplary system for continuous, demand-based energy supply of a building using a first primary load-dependent energy converter of a first energy converter module is shown,

[0111] Figure 3 shows an exploded view of an exemplary building with an auxiliary building in which an exemplary system is implemented,

[0112] Figure 4a A diagram showing heat absorption and heat emission (in kW) calculated as an example by a module of an exemplary system in a model calculation, for the first quarter of a year (here taking 2022 as an example) starting from January,

[0113] Figure 4b Shows Figure 4a The continuation of the chart for the second quarter time frame starting in April for the exemplary year,

[0114] Figure 4c Shows Figure 4b The continuation of the chart for the third quarter time frame starting in July for the exemplary year,

[0115] Figure 4d Shows Figure 4c The continuation of the chart for the fourth quarter time frame starting in October for the exemplary year,

[0116] Figure 5a A diagram showing the charging power and the extraction power (in kW) of a second energy storage device of an exemplary system (which is formed as a hydrogen storage device) calculated as an example in a model calculation over a time frame of one year (here the year 2022 is taken as an example),

[0117] Figure 5b A diagram showing the load level (in %) of a second energy storage (eg, hydrogen storage) of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, within a time frame of one year (here, the year 2022 is taken as an example),

[0118] Figure 6a A diagram showing the charging power and the extraction power (in kW) of a third energy storage device of an exemplary system, which is formed as a vanadium redox flow battery, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time frame of one year (here the year 2022 is taken as an example),

[0119] Figure 6bA diagram showing the load level (in %) of a third energy storage device (e.g., a vanadium redox flow battery) of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time frame of one year (here, the year 2022 is taken as an example),

[0120] Figure 7a A diagram showing the charging power and the withdrawal power (in kW) of a long-term thermal storage of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time frame of one year (here the year 2022 is used as an example),

[0121] Figure 7b A diagram showing the load level (in %) of a long-term heat storage (formed as a ground-coupled heat storage) of an exemplary system, calculated as an example in a model calculation, over a time frame of one year (here the year 2022 is used as an example),

[0122] Figure 8a An exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system for continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building using a control unit is shown,

[0123] Figure 8b An exemplary method for controlling an exemplary system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building by a control unit is shown, which can be used as Figure 8a in addition to or alternative to the exemplary methods shown and described. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0124] Examples or embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The same or similar elements in the accompanying drawings may be represented by the same reference numerals, but may also be represented by different reference numerals at times.

[0125] It should be emphasized that the technical solution of the present disclosure is by no means limited to the exemplary embodiments and their implementation features described below, but also includes modifications to the exemplary embodiments, especially modifications achieved by modifying the features of the described embodiments or combining one or more features of the described embodiments, and these modifications are included in the scope of protection of the independent claims.

[0126] Figure 1 An exemplary system 1000 in the supply structure of a building 2000 / 2100 or a system classification overview of the systems and machines of a building 2000 / 2100 and an energy supplier 40 / 45 is shown.

[0127] Diagram a) schematically shows how a building 2000 / 2100 as a consumer is generally connected to a supply of electrical energy E from an electricity supplier (public grid 40 ) and to a supply of, for example, chemical energy C, for example from a natural gas supplier 45 .

[0128] As shown in diagram b), the exemplary system 1000 is connected between an energy supplier 40 / 45 and a building 2000 / 2100 as a consumer.

[0129] If there is a demand for a primary load (here represented as a computing power demand 50), a primary load-dependent energy converter (e.g., a computing unit or a data center) in the exemplary system 1000 can be used to generate heat in the building 2000 / 2100 (consumption / conversion of electrical energy E into thermal energy T by computer processing), wherein, for example, the supply of natural gas to the building 2000 / 2100 by the natural gas supplier 45 (normally natural gas is used for heating the building 2000 / 2100 and sometimes also for cooking in the building 2000 / 2100) can be omitted. In addition, the burning of fossil fuels can be largely avoided.

[0130] However, since primary load dependence may, for example, lead to fluctuations in the heat generation of the building 2000 / 2100, it is advantageous to take measures to ensure a continuous supply of energy to the building 2000 / 2100 by means of electrical energy E as well as thermal energy T. To this end, Figure 2 An exemplary system 1000 is described in more detail in .

[0131] Figure 2 A first primary load dependent energy converter 210 for a building 2000 (for a more detailed view of the building see Figure 3 ) is an exemplary embodiment of an exemplary system 1000 for continuous, demand-based energy supply.

[0132] In the present teaching, a primary load is understood to be a value-adding activity of a device (machine, facility, system, etc.), such as, for example, machining a component by a machine tool, executing computer operations and / or storage processes in a computing unit, etc.

[0133] Depending on the amount / load of the value-added activity (the amount of the primary load), these devices convert at least some of the energy forms (first, second, third energy forms) required for value-added into another energy form (first, second, third energy form). For example, a portion of the electrical energy E (e.g., first energy form) required by the device, such as processing a workpiece or performing a computer operation, can be converted, for example, into thermal energy T (e.g., second energy form). A certain amount of energy converted into heat (thermal energy T) can be advantageously used for other purposes (e.g., heating of private and / or office buildings, heating of agricultural facilities (e.g., barns), etc.).

[0134] Often, such production processes or the use of servers / computer units are subject to corresponding, sometimes large fluctuations. For example, a machine tool that is not machining a component due to maintenance / setup cannot generate any usable waste heat, or a computer unit can hardly be used to generate waste heat if it is used less frequently.

[0135] Therefore, this form of generation / conversion of thermal energy T is subject to fluctuations in the utilization / primary load range of the equipment, making it difficult to ensure a continuous supply of thermal energy T to the building / facility.

[0136] In the following, exemplary system 1000 will be used to illustrate the interaction of various components of exemplary system 1000, and sometimes also components (units, modules) of different forms, wherein further positive effects will be illustrated according to the combination and expansion of exemplary system 1000.

[0137] If electrical energy E (e.g., a first energy form) is provided, the electrical energy E or at least a portion of the electrical energy E (or the energy of a certain amount of the electrical energy E) can be advantageously converted into, for example, thermal energy T (e.g., a second energy form) by the first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 of the first energy converter module 200. In particular, a high level of efficiency comparable to that in power-to-heat systems may initially be advantageous over other conversions (e.g., power-to-gas).

[0138] For this purpose, it is particularly advantageous if, for example, a computing unit 210 / computing center 210 is present in the first energy converter module 200 as a first energy converter 210, which uses the electrical energy E provided to perform computer operations and / or storage processes, converts a part or a large part of the electrical energy E into thermal energy T and makes it available to the system 1000, for example, by feeding the thermal energy T into the heating of the building 2000, which would otherwise normally be discharged to the environment as waste heat or discharged to the environment via a cooling system.

[0139] Thus, on the one hand, the electrical energy E supplied into the exemplary system 1000 can be converted very efficiently into thermal energy T, and at the same time, computing power and storage capacity can be provided by the computing unit 210 / data center 210, which is becoming increasingly important and therefore will be in demand in the course of social digitalization and various processes in the coming years or decades.

[0140] The computing unit 210 / data center 210 may be designed, for example, as a server structure with global access options, and / or may be used, for example, as an intranet within a large company / group, thereby providing benefits to the company.

[0141] In addition, other devices such as machine tools or large systems (e.g., packaging systems, sorting systems, etc.) can also be used as the first energy converter 210, because these devices usually have a large number of drives and / or hydraulic units, some of which need to be cooled. Another example is the friction of machine tool tools when machining workpieces, which also generates heat, which is often taken away from the workpiece by so-called cooling lubricants. For example, chemical systems that "incidentally" generate heat during the chemical transformation of substances can also be used as the first energy converter 210.

[0142] But not only the generation of heat (converting electrical energy E or chemical energy C into thermal energy T) can be an advantageous component of the exemplary system 1000, the storage of thermal energy T (or a certain amount of thermal energy) can also be considered advantageous in various ways.

[0143] For example, it may be advantageous to provide a short-term storage 220 (or diurnal storage) as a first energy storage 220 / 230 for the short-term storage of thermal energy T (e.g. a few hours to a few days), and in particular it may be advantageous to provide a certain amount of thermal energy T required during the day and at night in the consumption module 600 (heat consumption module 600) of the building 2000, which, depending on demand, may also be very susceptible to fluctuations in energy per unit time and react short-term to increased demand or, conversely, to lower demand.

[0144] For example, so-called buffer stores 220 (e.g. in the form of stratified stores with a stratified storage of thermal energy depending on the temperature level) prove to be extremely advantageous, since they can store a relatively limited amount of thermal energy T and are therefore exhausted very quickly, but at the same time can be quickly charged with thermal energy T within a relatively short period of time. As a result, day / night fluctuations in the consumption of thermal energy T in the consumption modules 600 of the building 2000 can be advantageously accounted for.

[0145] Another component of the system 1000 may also be a storage of thermal energy T, which can store relatively large amounts of thermal energy T in the medium term (days to weeks) or long term (weeks to months), and can partially provide a certain amount of heat required in the building 2000 to the consumption module 600 over a long period of time (sometimes more than a few months).

[0146] This heat storage of the first energy storage 220 / 230 (also referred to as seasonal storage 230 / long-term storage 230 (or seasonal heat storage or seasonal storage)) can be formed, for example, as a container-type heat storage, a basin-type heat storage and a geothermal probe-type heat storage or an aquifer-type heat storage, and has advantages and disadvantages depending on the needs and geological environment conditions or initial infrastructure conditions.

[0147] Furthermore, it is advantageous, for example, if the short-term storage 220 and the long-term storage 230 of the first energy storage 220 / 230 have a direct connection / operating connection for exchanging heat, so that, for example, if a certain amount of thermal energy T provided or converted by the exemplary data center 210 can no longer satisfy the thermal energy T consumption of the building 2000, a certain amount of heat (or part of it) stored for a long time in the long-term storage 230 can be made available to the short-term storage 220 via a short and therefore fast path.

[0148] In addition, heat exchange (e.g. from short-term storage 220 to long-term storage 230) can advantageously be carried out via a heat exchanger, where the temperature level will be reduced. Conversely, via a heat pump (e.g. heat pump 510) and the supply of electrical energy E (as an exemplary first energy form), it can be transferred from the long-term storage 230 back to the short-term storage 220, where the temperature level is increased.

[0149] Another advantageous component of the exemplary system 1000, in particular the first energy converter module 200, may be a fifth energy storage 240, which is formed as a thermochemical heat storage 240. For example, the excess heat can be combined in an endothermic chemical reaction (converting thermal energy T into storable chemical energy C) using silica gel, metal hydrides, zeolites or metal oxides (e.g. hygroscopic oxides such as boric oxide) in an oily suspension, and the stored chemical energy C will not be lost for a long time. When needed, the heat (thermal energy T) is released by a controlled exothermic chemical reaction (converting the stored chemical energy C into thermal energy T) and can be used in the building 2000 or the auxiliary building 2100. The reaction products of the exothermic reaction correspond to the reaction raw materials of the endothermic reaction, so that overall a reversible process of storing and releasing thermal energy is formed.

[0150] Furthermore, the long-term storage 230 can also be formed, for example, as a thermochemical storage 240 (fifth energy storage 240 ) in order to store thermal energy T in a space-saving manner (for example compared to a floor basin thermal storage).

[0151] Since not every building has seasonal storage 230 / long-term storage 230 for long-term storage of thermal energy T and / or some long-term thermal storages are unloaded, it is extremely advantageous to provide an additional module in the exemplary system 1000 for continuous, demand-based energy supply of buildings 2000.

[0152] To this end, the second energy converter module 300 is an advantageous component, wherein, compared to the first energy converter module 200, the second energy converter module 300 can convert electrical energy E into chemical energy C (e.g. a third energy form) (power-to-gas) and can also convert the chemical energy C back into electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T.

[0153] In particular, the second energy converter module 300 can have, for example, a second energy converter 310, for example an electrolysis unit 310, which converts electrical energy E into chemical energy C to produce thermal energy T by a redox reaction with water (water electrolysis), wherein water is decomposed into oxygen (O2) and hydrogen (H2) in the water electrolysis. The hydrogen (H2) can be advantageously used, for example, for conversion in a third energy converter 330 (for example, a combined heat and power plant 330 that burns hydrogen H2, or a fuel cell 330 that converts hydrogen H2 into electricity by supplying oxygen O2 (in both cases waste heat is generated)) to generate demand-based electrical energy E (electricity) and / or thermal energy T (heat) for a consumption module 600 (heat consumption module 600) and / or a consumption module 800 (electricity consumption module 800) of the building 2000.

[0154] In addition, it may be advantageous if the second energy converter module 300 has a second energy storage 320 for storing chemical energy C (e.g. hydrogen H2), wherein the chemical energy C is formed / generated in the second energy converter 310 (e.g. in the electrolysis unit 310). The advantage of this energy storage method is that relatively large amounts of energy can be stored in a relatively small space, because gaseous substances, in particular as carriers of chemical energy E (e.g. hydrogen), have very high compressibility and storability at appropriate pressures. This means that even when the space is relatively small, it is advantageously possible to provide storage of large amounts of chemical energy C in or on a building.

[0155] In addition, the second energy converter 310 and the third energy converter 330 can be designed as a component 340, in particular a reversible fuel cell 340, which can convert a certain amount of electrical energy E into a certain amount of chemical energy C in a process, wherein the chemical energy C can be stored in the second energy storage 320, and the process can be carried out in reverse (from chemical energy C to electrical energy E).

[0156] In both processes (from electrical energy E to chemical energy C and from chemical energy C to electrical energy E), additional thermal energy T is generated, which, like the thermal energy T generated in the electrolysis unit 310 and / or the fuel cell 330 / combined heat and power plant 330, can be stored in the first energy storage 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200.

[0157] By using the reversible fuel cell 340 as the second energy converter 310, in addition to advantageously reducing the number of individual components within the exemplary system 1000, excess energy (e.g. generated by the wind turbine 110 or the photovoltaic unit 120) can also be efficiently and temporarily stored in the second energy storage 320 (e.g. as a gas bottle, or due to the lower pressure of 30-40 bar, as a large-capacity plastic tank or the like; in addition, in addition to gaseous storage, H2 in liquid ammonia can also be chemically bonded, for example if a pressure of at least 9 bar is applied during storage). In particular, in addition to storing the excess energy as thermal energy T in the corresponding short-term storage 220 or long-term storage 230, the operator of the exemplary system 1000 has the additional option of storing the excess energy as chemical energy C, wherein aspects such as the efficiency of the corresponding conversion of electrical energy E to thermal energy T or to chemical energy C and / or the demand for thermal energy and / or electrical energy T / E can again be taken into account.

[0158] The advantageous reversible fuel cell 310 may be, for example, a polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEM) or a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), wherein SOFC may partially achieve a power-to-power efficiency of up to 70%. Since this efficiency is significantly lower than that of power-to-heat applications, if there is a significant excess of electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000, and, for example, the thermal storage devices 220, 230 are already very full or completely full, or the thermal storage devices 220 / 230 are too small or unavailable, then using power-to-gas may be particularly advantageous, and thus the power-to-gas system may be used as a supplement or replacement for the thermal storage devices 220, 230.

[0159] By means of the exemplary combination of a first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 (e.g. in the form of a machine tool, a computing unit, etc.) for converting electrical energy E into thermal energy T, the option of storing thermal energy T via a short-term storage 220 and a long-term storage 230, the option of converting electrical energy E into chemical energy C via a second energy converter 310 (e.g. as an electrolysis unit 310) and a corresponding storage option (a second energy storage 320 for storing chemical energy C) and the possibility of converting chemical energy C into electrical energy E and / or thermal energy T, it is advantageous that both electrical energy E and thermal energy T are provided to the consumer modules 600, 800 (heat consumer module 600 / electricity consumer module 800) of the building 2000 in a continuous and demand-based manner.

[0160] If only discontinuous energy sources (such as wind energy 10 and solar radiation 20) are used or provided to provide the electrical energy E, additional challenges may arise.

[0161] The intensity of discontinuous energy sources (e.g. wind energy 10 and solar radiation 20) may vary greatly depending on the weather, time of day or night, season and location (e.g. the equator or the poles as extreme examples), or may fail or be unavailable completely, for example. Thus, in the exemplary system 1000, the energy supply based on these discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 may range from being as maximized as possible (e.g. in the summer without clouds and at noon, when the solar radiation 20 is strongest and, for example, a correspondingly strong wind 10 is blowing at the same time) to a complete collapse (e.g. at night and when there is no wind at all, also known as a "dunkelflaute").

[0162] Since the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 are very dependent on the environment and cannot provide continuous energy (continuous amount of energy), it is appropriate to use the corresponding exemplary system 100. With the help of the exemplary system 1000, various forms of energy, such as electrical energy E as a first energy form, thermal energy T as a second energy form, and chemical energy C as a third energy form, as well as their storage and conversion possibilities into corresponding other energy forms, can be used to charge the storage option when the energy supply of the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 is in excess relative to the energy consumption of the building 2000, or to consume a certain amount of stored energy when the energy supply of the discontinuous energy sources 10, 20 is insufficient relative to the energy consumption of the building 2000.

[0163] In contrast, exemplary system 1000 has continuous energy sources (e.g., utility grid 40) that are essentially various conventional energy sources for producing electrical energy, starting with burning fossil fuels such as coal or natural gas, using hydroelectric power (e.g., pumped storage power plants) or nuclear power.

[0164] Depending on the conventional energy sources considered, some are easier to control (in terms of switching on and off), while some are less easy to control or must run continuously (such as coal-fired power plants). All of these continuous energy sources feed the public grid 40 and also contribute to its maintenance or stability.

[0165] For example, with the help of the first energy supply module 100, electrical energy E (first energy form) can be provided as a continuous energy source through the public power grid 40, and discontinuous energy (such as wind energy 10 and / or solar radiation 20) can be converted into electrical energy E, for example, with the help of the wind turbine 110 and / or the photovoltaic unit 120 of the first energy supply module 100, and provided to the first energy converter module 200, the second energy converter module 300 and / or the power consumption module 800 of the building 2000 for further use.

[0166] In particular, when the electrical energy E is provided only by discontinuous energy sources (e.g. wind energy 10 and / or solar radiation 20) using a wind turbine 110 or a photovoltaic unit 120, it is advantageous to store the electrical energy E in the third energy storage 130 of the first energy supply module 100. For example, the third energy storage 130 can be formed as a vanadium redox flow battery or a lithium-ion battery or a lithium iron phosphate battery.

[0167] Different types of batteries can be used advantageously for storing electrical energy E (first energy form), with vanadium redox flow batteries having significantly higher operational reliability than lithium-ion batteries, since their electrolytes are neither flammable nor explosive due to their higher water content, which means that vanadium redox flow batteries can withstand short circuits without damage. Furthermore, vanadium redox flow batteries have a permanent stability compared to lithium-ion batteries. Lithium iron phosphate batteries have a higher cycling stability than lithium-ion batteries, but cannot achieve the long-term stability of vanadium redox flow batteries.

[0168] It has proven advantageous that even in the case of a discontinuous supply of electrical energy E by discontinuous energy sources such as wind energy 10 and solar radiation 20 , fluctuations in the supply of electrical energy E can be compensated by means of the exemplary system 1000 in advantageous combination with a second energy converter module 300 (power-to-gas system).

[0169] As mentioned above, if there is excess electrical energy E (the amount of energy E provided by the wind turbine 110 and / or the photovoltaic unit 120 based on the discontinuous energy sources wind energy 10 and solar radiation 20 is greater than the total amount of electrical energy and thermal energy consumed by the consumption modules 600, 800 of the building 2000), the excess electrical energy E is directly stored in the third energy storage 130 and / or converted into a storable gas by, for example, an electrolysis unit 310 / reversible fuel cell 310.

[0170] Only when electrical energy E is insufficient (the amount of energy E provided by the wind turbine 110 and / or the photovoltaic unit 120 based on the discontinuous energy sources wind energy 10 and solar radiation 20 is less than the total amount of electrical energy and thermal energy consumed by the consumption modules 600, 800 of the building 2000), stored energy forms such as electrical energy E (for example, stored in the third energy storage 130) or chemical energy C (for example, stored in the second energy storage 320 and then converted into electrical energy E to the third energy converter 330, such as a cogeneration plant 330 or a reversible fuel cell 310) are reused to supply electrical energy E to the building 2000 continuously and on demand.

[0171] In addition, the exemplary system 1000 may include a second energy supply module 400, which generates chemical energy C based on the second energy source 30 through a second energy generator 410. The second energy source 30 may specifically be biomass 30 as a renewable raw material. For example, wood 30 in the form of logs, pellets, etc. is particularly suitable for this. However, other types of biomass (e.g., other plant components) can also be used to produce chemical energy C (e.g., by fermenting biomass such as plant components to produce biogas, in particular methane CH4). The generated chemical energy C can, for example, be stored again, for example, in a corresponding storage device that is equivalent to the second energy storage device 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0172] Furthermore, the second energy supply module 400 may include a fourth energy converter 420, which converts the chemical energy C generated by the second energy generator 410 into thermal energy T. To this end, it is advantageous if the chemical energy C is converted into thermal energy T by combustion and provided to the exemplary system 1000 for use, for example in the form of a hot water circuit / hot water network for heating the building 2000, and further, if the thermal energy T can be used (at least partially) to generate the chemical energy C in the second energy generator 410.

[0173] To this end, for example, a wood gasifier can be advantageously used, in which the wood gasification by the second energy generator 410 (wood gasifier 410) and the wood gas combustion by the fourth energy converter 420 (wood gas burner 420) are spatially separated, but the wood gasifier (including the second energy generator 410 and the fourth energy converter 420) is essentially one component.

[0174] In addition, the second energy supply module 400 may include a fourth energy storage device 430 for storing thermal energy T (e.g., a second energy form), wherein the fourth energy storage device 430 may, for example, be disconnected from the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storing thermal energy T or may be directly operatively connected to the first energy storage device 220 / 230 for storing thermal energy T, so as to be able to exchange a certain amount of thermal energy T with each other, for example.

[0175] Another exemplary aspect of the exemplary system 1000 may be additional heat generating devices. In particular, considering that, for example, the computing unit 210 / computing center 210 only generates a corresponding amount of heat when the computing unit 210 / computing center 210 performs a corresponding amount of calculations and / or storage operations (a load-dependent conversion of electrical energy E into thermal energy T), it is not possible to always generate the required amount of heat.

[0176] It is advantageous if the exemplary system 1000 has a heat pump 510 of the additional heating module 500, which increases the amount of thermal energy T in the system 1000 by reversing the process of heat-to-electricity conversion, wherein additional electrical energy E may also be required. Furthermore, it is also advantageous if the heat pump 510 uses the thermal energy T stored in the long-term storage 230 of the first energy storage 220 / 230, which heat pump 510 further increases the amount of this thermal energy by reversing the process of heat-to-electricity conversion and then supplies it to the system 1000.

[0177] The heat cartridge 520 (or the regulated instantaneous water heater 520) of the additional heating module 500 in the exemplary system 1000 can, for example, generate thermal energy T (electricity to heat) by means of the provided electrical energy E, thereby providing additional heat for the exemplary system 1000. In particular, when there is an excess of electrical energy E, while the utilization rate of the computing unit 210 / data center 210 (or another device, such as a machine tool, a sorting system, etc.) is low and / or the electrical storage 130 or the electric 130 or chemical storage 320 is almost full and already at maximum electrical power, the use of the heat cartridge 520 / regulated instantaneous water heater 520 can provide additional power, thereby providing thermal energy T for the building 2000.

[0178] The building itself may comprise a plurality of consumers 610 , 620 , 650 , for example in a consumption module 600 , wherein, for example, some consumers 610 , 620 may be provided inside the building 2000 and some consumers 650 may be provided outside the building 2000 or in an annex 2100 of the building.

[0179] For example, a consumption module 600 (heat consumption module 600) of a building may include a drinking water consumer 610 with hot water, and one or more radiators 620 (or surface heating systems 620, see below) as consumers of thermal energy T for heating the indoor air of the building 2000. The supply of drinking water (including heated drinking water) and the heating of the air in the building 2000 are generally basic requirements for every residential or office building.

[0180] Furthermore, the building 2000 can have a heat network 640 which is separate from the generation of thermal energy T and the transmission of thermal energy T from the generation location or from the storage location to the consumption location, wherein the heat network 640 can, for example, interact with a heat exchanger 630 or as a jointly connected hydraulic system for exchanging thermal energy T for use by consumers 610 , 620 .

[0181] Furthermore, the building 2000 may have an outbuilding 2100 (e.g. a workshop, a barn, a stable, etc.) which has at least one or more radiators 650 or surface heating systems 650 (e.g. floor heating, wall panel heating or ceiling heating) for heating the indoor air of the outbuilding 2100. The difference here lies in the required flow temperature of the respective heating system. For example, a radiator 650 usually requires a flow temperature of about 55° C., while a panel heating system 650 usually requires only a flow temperature of 35° C.

[0182] Another exemplary aspect of the exemplary system 1000 may be an outdoor swimming pool 700, whose heat demand is also provided by the building's heat network 640. The special features of such an outdoor swimming pool 700 (additional consumer 700) are its large volume of water and its exchange with the outside air at moderate ambient temperature. Both result in large power losses due to evaporative cooling (depending on the size of the water surface of the outdoor swimming pool 700) and heat losses to the environment (depending on the outside temperature).

[0183] In particular, an outdoor swimming pool, in addition to being a place of recreation for people, can also represent a technically advantageous component of the exemplary system 1000. This is particularly advantageous when a very large amount of thermal energy T is already present in the exemplary system 1000, for example when all thermal stores 220 / 230 are already loaded, and the value-added activities (primary loads) of the first energy converter module 200 (e.g. machining workpieces in the case of a machine tool, or performing computing operations or storage processes in the case of a computing unit / server) are currently being performed, for example, at full load, so that the additional heat generated by the first primary load relying on the energy converter 210 cannot be reduced.

[0184] It is then very advantageous to be able to remove the thermal energy T from the exemplary system 1000. Here, the large amount of water in the outdoor swimming pool 700 (additional consumer 700) can play an advantageous role, since a correspondingly large amount of thermal energy T is "consumed" for (additional) heating of the swimming pool and can therefore be discharged from the exemplary system 1000.

[0185] Heat exchange of the outdoor swimming pool 700 with the outside air is also advantageous, so that not only the (additional) heating of the outdoor swimming pool 700 has removed a large amount of thermal energy T from the exemplary system 1000, but also a continuous large amount of thermal energy T in the exemplary system 1000 can be released to the outside air.

[0186] In this way, for example, the outdoor swimming pool 700 (additional consumer 700 ) enables a kind of emergency cooling of the exemplary system 1000 , but this only occurs if, for example, the thermal energy T cannot be used or stored otherwise in the exemplary system 1000 .

[0187] Of course, the same situation would occur if, for example, there is too much electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000, the first energy converter module 200 having the first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 is unable to convert the electrical energy E into thermal energy T, and it is desired to intentionally release the electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000.

[0188] The electrical energy E can then be converted into chemical energy C by conversion (e.g. by the second energy converter module 300), thereby already generating thermal energy T, which can be supplied to the outdoor swimming pool 700. Furthermore, in addition to being stored in the second energy storage 320, the chemical energy C can also be converted into thermal energy T (e.g. in the third energy converter 330 or the combined heat and power plant 330) and supplied to the outdoor swimming pool 700 for release to the outside air. Alternatively or additionally, the electrical energy E can of course also be released from the exemplary system 1000, for example by means of the heat pump 510 and / or the heat cartridge 520, and converted into thermal energy T, which can be released again to the outside air / ambient air through the outdoor swimming pool 700.

[0189] Furthermore, by appropriately controlling the electric energy E provided by the wind turbine 110, the photovoltaic unit 120 or the public grid 40 using the corresponding control unit 900 of the exemplary system 1000, it is also possible to reduce or completely stop the supply of additional electric energy E. The exemplary system 1000 is controlled in such a way that the generators (e.g. the wind turbine 110 / photovoltaic unit 120) generate as much electric energy as the consumers of the electric energy E at any time, wherein in particular the electric storage devices (e.g. the third energy storage device 130) can act both as electric energy consumers (when they absorb electric energy E and thus reduce the amount of electric energy E present in the exemplary system 1000) and as electric energy producers (when releasing the stored electric energy E), so that the controller can regulate the amount of electric energy in such a way that, for example, on a smart meter with digital counting and a digital HAN interface to the exemplary system 1000, no power is transmitted from or to the public grid 40.

[0190] The electricity consumption module 800 of the building 2000 can also contribute to extracting electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000. On the one hand, the completely normal power demand 810 of the building 2000 and / or the auxiliary buildings 2100 (e.g. running a refrigerator, lighting, running computer technology, etc.) can serve as a consumer of electrical energy E, but the additional facilities 820, 830 (e.g. corresponding charging stations / wall boxes 820, 830 for charging electric vehicles such as electric cars, electric scooters and / or electric kick scooters) as consumers of electrical energy E can significantly reduce the amount of electrical energy E in the exemplary system 1000.

[0191] In addition, a control unit 900 for controlling modules (e.g., a first energy supply module 100, a first energy converter module 200, a second energy converter module 300, a second energy supply module 400, an additional heating module 500, a heat consumption module 600, an outdoor swimming pool 700, and an electricity consumption module 800) is advantageous for the exemplary system 1000.

[0192] For example, it is advantageous to store excess energy in various energy forms (first, second, and third energy forms, such as electrical energy, thermal energy, and chemical energy) in corresponding energy storage devices (first energy storage device 220 / 230, second energy storage device 320, third energy storage device 130, fourth energy storage device 430, and fifth energy storage device 240), release a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage devices, and convert excess or released energy in different energy forms in a sequence controlled by the control unit 900.

[0193] In addition, the control unit 900 can, for example, be configured to determine the order based on the value-added activities of the equipment (the first primary load is dependent on the primary load of the energy converter 210) and / or the demand of the consumption modules 600, 800 for the amount of energy in the first energy form (e.g. electrical energy E) and the amount of energy in the second energy form (e.g. thermal energy T).

[0194] Alternatively or additionally, for example, the control unit 900 can take into account different efficiencies of conversion from one energy form to another and can accordingly change / control the order of conversion, storage and generation activities of the various energy forms of the exemplary system 1000, where, for example, higher efficiencies take precedence over lower efficiencies.

[0195] In particular, considering different efficiencies when controlling when, how, and into which other energy form generated or excess energy (e.g., electricity or one of the other two energy forms) is converted helps to optimally utilize the energy provided and the continuous and demand-based supply of the building 2000.

[0196] For example, where the energy surplus is relatively large, it may make sense to convert the excess energy with lower efficiency but with greater storage capacity, whereas where the energy surplus is relatively small, it may be more useful to convert the excess energy with the highest possible efficiency but with less storage capacity.

[0197] Alternatively or additionally, the control unit 900 may also use a cost model between generating, storing and converting a certain amount of energy to determine the order. The cost model is affected by production cost, operating cost and efficiency. A lower production and operating cost is preferred over a higher production and operating cost. A higher efficiency is preferred over a lower efficiency.

[0198] In addition, the control unit 900 can, for example, be configured to control the storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form (e.g. thermal energy T) in the first energy storage 220 / 230, so that a certain amount of energy is primarily stored in the short-term storage 220, and secondly a certain amount of energy in the second energy form is stored in the long-term storage 230.

[0199] Furthermore, for example, the control unit 900 may be configured to control the outdoor swimming pool 700 (additional consumer 700) in the following manner: if the energy storage device for storing energy in the second energy form (e.g. thermal energy T) essentially no longer has any capacity for an additional amount of energy in the second energy form, excess energy in the second energy form is supplied to the outdoor swimming pool 700 (additional consumer 700) for consumption, thereby reducing the total energy in the exemplary system 1000, in particular the amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0200] Thus, if desired, some “emergency cooling” of the exemplary system 1000 may be performed, and the overall energy in the system 1000 may be significantly reduced, for example.

[0201] In addition, the control unit 900 can be configured to, for example, allow or stop the supply of electrical energy E from the public grid 40 to the exemplary system 1000 to provide the electrical energy E, and / or allow or stop the supply of electrical energy E from the exemplary system 1000 to the public grid 40, for example in the event of an excess of self-generated electrical energy E (e.g. generated by the wind turbine 110 and / or the photovoltaic unit 120).

[0202] In particular when supplying electrical energy E to the public grid 40 , it can be advantageously ensured that the so-called grid stability is not endangered.

[0203] For example, if all photovoltaic systems in Germany were to feed the public grid 40 in addition to all conventional energy sources, the amount of electrical energy E in the grid would be too high and could lead in the worst case to a grid collapse, a so-called blackout.

[0204] But even much less energy can cause problems for the public grid, so when setting up new PV systems, for example, there is a requirement that these systems must be able to be remotely reduced from a peak output of 100 kW by the network operator if there is a potential grid overload or grid instability.

[0205] It should be noted here that in the exemplary system 1000, electrical energy E is selected as the first energy form, thermal energy T is selected as the second energy form, and chemical energy C is selected as the third energy form. The system 1000 described herein is by no means limited thereto, and on the contrary, the first energy form may also be one of the other two energies (thermal energy or chemical energy), the second energy form may also be one of the other two energies (electrical energy or chemical energy), and the third energy form may also be one of the other two energies (electrical energy or thermal energy).

[0206] It should also be noted here that for the corresponding energy transmission (transmission of electrical energy E, thermal energy T, chemical energy C) from one module and / or converter and / or storage to another module and / or other converters and / or other storage and / or other consumers, correspondingly configured lines (E, T, C) are provided in the exemplary system 1000. Various current transmission lines / materials (e.g., lines made of steel, aluminum, copper, etc.) can be used to transmit the electrical energy E. For the energy transmission of thermal energy T, fluid transmission lines (e.g., pipelines) can be used, such as water, brine or air transmission lines. The brine transmission line can include, for example, aqueous solutions of salts or refrigerants (e.g., halogenated hydrocarbons or ethylene glycol) from factory production and fossil petroleum, as well as other fluids for heat transfer. For the energy transmission of chemical energy C, for example, fluid transmission lines (e.g., pipelines) or containers (e.g., tanks) can also be used, which are configured to transport hydrogen and / or methane or silica gel, metal hydrides, zeolites or metal oxide suspensions, such as boric oxide in oily suspensions.

[0207] Figure 3 An exploded view of an exemplary building 2000 and its attached building 2100 in which the exemplary system 1000 is implemented is shown.

[0208] For example, on the roof of the building 2000 and / or its annex 2100, the photovoltaic unit 120 is used to provide electric energy E, which can be stored in, for example, a third energy storage device 130, which is exemplarily formed as a vanadium redox flow battery, and can be used for consumption in the building 2000 or the annex 2100. For example, the third energy storage device 130 can be built on a separate foundation at a certain distance from the annex 2100 (see Figure 3 on the right side of the ).

[0209] The electrical energy E provided by the photovoltaic unit 120 or released by the third energy storage device 130 can advantageously be converted into thermal energy T in the first primary load-dependent energy converter 210. As an example, a server unit / computer unit with a corresponding server rack (with water cooling) is shown, wherein, depending on the utilization of the computing unit, the heated water can be used, for example, to heat the building 2000 or the auxiliary building 2100 within the exemplary system 1000. The computing unit can be provided as a first primary load-dependent energy converter 210, for example on the first floor of the auxiliary building 2100. Of course, the computing unit can also be arranged at any other location in the building 2000 or the auxiliary building 2100. It will be advantageous to create a structurally suitable room or installation location with thermal, acoustic and electromagnetic isolation.

[0210] Furthermore, in the auxiliary building 2100, for example, a second energy converter 310 is provided for converting the electrical energy E into chemical energy C, so that, for example, in the case of excess electrical energy E, a corresponding conversion is performed and the chemical energy C is subsequently stored in one of the second energy storage devices 320. If electrical energy and / or thermal energy E / T is required, the stored chemical energy C can be recovered again, and electrical energy and / or thermal energy E / T can be generated by appropriate conversion or reconversion (for example, in a fuel cell 330 or a cogeneration power plant 330) and provided to the building 2000 or the auxiliary building 2100 for consumption.

[0211] In addition, the exemplary building 2000 or the auxiliary building 2100 may also use a heat pump 510 to provide additional thermal energy in the exemplary system 1000 , wherein the heat pump 510 may advantageously be spatially arranged near the short-term thermal storage 220 and / or the long-term thermal storage 230 .

[0212] The generated heat (thermal energy T) can be stored in, for example, a short-term heat storage 220 to resupply the energy in a short term, or can also be stored in a long-term heat storage 230, such as a seasonal heat storage, to resupply it in a long term. Such a seasonal heat storage (long-term heat storage 230) can be provided, for example, by a brine pipe laid in a ring between the strip foundations of the auxiliary building 2100, and releases its heat (thermal energy T) to the surrounding materials for long-term storage.

[0213] Furthermore, a fifth energy storage device 240 formed as a thermochemical heat storage device 240 can be provided in the building 2000 or the annex 2100 to store a certain amount of heat generated for a long term. For example, if the space in or on the building 2000 or the annex 2100 does not allow a "conventional" long-term heat storage 230 (e.g., a basin-type heat storage or a container-type heat storage), the long-term heat storage 230 can also be formed as a thermochemical heat storage 240. If the amount of heat in the exemplary system 1000 is too large and all thermal or thermochemical storages are loaded and some type of emergency cooling is required to reduce the total energy (in particular the total thermal energy) of the exemplary system 1000, an outdoor swimming pool 700 can be provided as an exemplary additional heat consumer 700. By heating the outdoor swimming pool 700 with a certain amount of heat in the system 1000, the total heat in the exemplary system 1000 can be significantly reduced by the large amount of heat losses due to evaporative cooling (depending on the size of the water surface) and the heat losses to the environment (depending on the external temperature).

[0214] In addition to typical consumers, such as the radiators and / or surface heating systems 620 of the building 2000 and the radiators and / or surface heating systems 650 of the annexes 2100 of the heat consumption module 600, and the general electrical consumers / power requirements 810 of the building 2000 or the annexes 2100 of the power consumption module 800, charging stations / wall boxes 820, 830 can also be provided for charging electric vehicles with electrical energy E in the exemplary building 2000 or the annexes 2100, such as in particular in the exemplary garage.

[0215] At this point it should be noted that the exemplary building 2000 or auxiliary building 2100 shown and described herein as an example may also include Figure 2 Other modules or partial modules of the exemplary system 1000 described in , such as the second energy supply module 400, which is formed as a wood gasifier (including the second energy generator 410 and the fourth energy converter 420).

[0216] Described below Figures 4a to 7b Graphs are shown respectively, which relate to the energy balance of chemical energy, electrical energy and thermal energy C, E, T, in particular to the energy balance generated, consumed and stored in each module or unit, wherein the graphs display the energy as the area (integral) under the corresponding curve, i.e. the power P (in kW) (y-axis) within a period of time t (x-axis).

[0217] Figure 4aA graph is shown of heat absorption (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent heat consumption) and heat discharge (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent heat generation) (unit: kW) of modules 200, 300, 500, 600, and 700 of the exemplary system 1000 calculated as examples in the model calculation, with the time range being the first quarter starting from January of a year (here taking 2022 as an example).

[0218] It can be seen that the heat output of the first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 (here formed as a server as an example) has two heats 210Ta, 210Tb. The server has a heat 210Ta caused by the basic server load and a load-dependent heat 210Tb caused by the specific load on the server in the calculation and / or storage process. It can also be seen that the basic load of the server emits a continuous amount of heat 210Ta throughout the quarter, while the load-dependent heat 210Tb shows individual smaller fluctuations (for example due to isolated, significantly lower server utilization).

[0219] These fluctuations can be compensated, for example, by a certain amount of heat 510Ta released by the heat pump 510 used, which uses a certain amount of heat stored in the seasonal storage 230 / long-term thermal storage 230 in the previous year to provide a certain amount of heat required by the exemplary system 1000.

[0220] In addition to the first load-dependent amount of heat generated by the energy converter 210, Figure 4a In the graph of FIG. 3 , it can also be seen that heat 310Ta released by the electrolysis unit 310 and heat 330Ta released by the fuel cell 330 are present. These two released heats 310Ta, 330Ta appear more frequently in the first quarter of the year, especially at the beginning of the year, and then decrease in March.

[0221] In contrast, there are absorbed heat 620Ta and 650Ta of a heating system for heating the building 2000 / 2100 (eg, a radiator and / or surface heating system 620, 650 of the building 2000 / 2100), and a constant absorbed heat 610Ta for continuously providing hot water.

[0222] However, the sum of a certain amount of heat released and absorbed within a certain time frame (e.g. a day) forms a relative equilibrium, so that, for example, only when an unusually large amount of electrical energy E is generated (e.g., see Figure 4aOn January 22, 2022 on the timeline of the middle chart, in the model calculation, a large amount of wind and solar energy is generated due to strong winds on sunny days), and a large amount of heat 310Ta is generated by conversion using the electrolysis unit 310. If this is accompanied by a lower external temperature and thus a heating demand, it may also directly occur that the exemplary system 1000 must be provided with electricity and heat again by the fuel cell 330, especially on cloudy days or at night when the wind is weak, to meet the electricity and heat required for heating and hot water preparation of the building 2000 / 2100 (absorbed heat).

[0223] The time period starting from April is described below, wherein a certain amount of heat 700Ta absorbed by the outdoor swimming pool 700 is also shown.

[0224] Figure 4b Shows Figure 4a The chart in is a continuation of the second quarter time frame starting in April for the exemplary year.

[0225] Since sufficient thermal energy will be available in the summer and the heating season for the building 2000 / 2100 is over, the thermal energy E can be accommodated already in April of the year to generate a relatively large amount of heat 700Ta for heating the outdoor pool 700 and maintaining the required temperature of the outdoor pool 700. Helping this is the fact that the electrical energy E available in the model calculation, based on weather data for the exemplary location (Thuringia, Thuringian Basin region), which is in excess in the exemplary system 1000, is converted into the electrolysis unit 310 and can therefore be used to generate the released heat 310Ta. Since the days in April are still relatively short compared to the summer, the energy generated by solar energy is only available for a limited time, so the hydrogen storage 320 is discharged again at night to provide the technical system with electrical energy E. Therefore, the fuel cell 330 provides heat 330Ta to generate the required electricity, which also helps to meet the required heat 700Ta.

[0226] In the following months, when the outdoor temperature is higher, the outdoor swimming pool will need to absorb less heat (700Ta) to maintain the temperature. This means that the server base load and server primary load (heat released 210Ta, 210Tb) and the short-term use of the electrolysis unit 310 and the fuel cell 330 (heat released 310Ta, 330Ta) (sometimes at different times) are used to cover the heat absorbed by the consumer 610Ta, 620Ta, 650Ta and 700Ta, and load a certain amount of heat for the long-term heat storage 230 / seasonal heat storage 230, which can be transported by the heat pump 510 later for the months with colder outside temperatures.

[0227] Figure 4c Shows Figure 4bThe chart in is a continuation of the time range for the third quarter starting in July for the example year.

[0228] It is particularly noteworthy that the amount of heat 700Ta absorbed by the outdoor swimming pool 700 increased in August, although the amount of heat released by the heat generator (e.g., server 210, electrolysis unit 310, or fuel cell 330) did not increase significantly. This may be due to, for example, that the energy in the exemplary system 1000 is too high and the outdoor swimming pool 700 is used for targeted additional energy consumption to reduce the total energy in the exemplary system 1000. For example, this can be achieved by additionally heating the outdoor swimming pool 700. Depending on the heat generation and heat consumption, it may also be the case that the amount of heat 700Ta absorbed by the outdoor swimming pool 700 does not need to be increased and the outdoor swimming pool 700 can be heated to a certain extent by a constant amount of heat absorption.

[0229] This may also be necessary if the seasonal storage 230 / long-term heat storage 230 is fully loaded from the end of July and can no longer absorb any additional heat, so that the excess heat must be released to the environment via the outdoor swimming pool 700 .

[0230] Figure 4d Shows Figure 4c The chart in is a continuation of the time frame for the fourth quarter (starting in October) of the exemplary year.

[0231] Starting from October, a slight increase in the absorption of heat 620Ta and 650Ta used to heat buildings 2000 / 2100 can be seen, although this is mainly related to the colder external temperatures that appear at the end of each year, at least in countries in the Northern Hemisphere, where as time goes on into the winter period from December to February, the external temperatures continue to drop and the absorption of heat 620Ta and 650Ta increases significantly.

[0232] like Figure 4d As shown, a certain amount of heat generated by the seasonal storage 230 / long-term heat storage 230 is also increasingly used, which is supplied to the exemplary system 1000 as heat 510Ta released by the heat pump 510 and used by the corresponding consumers 610, 620, 650 and 700, although the outdoor swimming pool 700 is still heated in October.

[0233] Therefore, in the present model calculation, the heating of the outdoor swimming pool 700 is still visible in October, because the generation of electrical energy from renewable energy sources (e.g. wind energy 10 or solar energy 20) has already dropped significantly in October, so that more and more electricity comes from hydrogen. However, the heat released is even more than the heat consumed by the entire system 1000 in October, because the outside temperature is not yet cold enough to heat the building 2000 / 2100, which would lead to a corresponding consumption of heat energy. Therefore, in the present model calculation, it is necessary to continue to heat the outdoor swimming pool 700 so that the entire system does not overheat.

[0234] In the system 1000, which relies on temperature measurements being continuously available under actual conditions, the outdoor pool 700 is heated only when there is actual excess heat in the exemplary system 1000. Only when excess heat is no longer present or a heat deficit occurs in the system 1000 does the exemplary system 1000 turn on the heat pump 510 to generate an additional amount of thermal energy 510Ta.

[0235] Only in November does the heat demand exceed the heat production, so that it is possible to dispense with heating the outdoor swimming pool 700. The additional heat demand is increasingly provided by the heat pump 510, so that the thermal energy in the seasonal storage 230 decreases.

[0236] If the server utilization rate will be greatly reduced (such as Figure 4d ), a heat pump 510 may be used to release a certain amount of heat from the seasonal storage 230 / long-term thermal storage 230 in the short term in order to transfer a correspondingly large amount of heat 510Ta to the exemplary system 1000 and compensate for the "loss" of heat generation due to underutilization of the servers.

[0237] Furthermore, at the end of the year, the increased heat 310Ta and 330Ta generated by the electrolysis unit 310 and the fuel cell 330 can be used to provide heat for the building 2000 / 2100.

[0238] Figure 5a A graph showing the load power (values ​​in the positive region of the power axis represent the absorption of chemical energy C) and the extraction power (values ​​in the negative region of the power axis represent the release of chemical energy C) (unit: kW) of the second energy storage 320 (formed as a hydrogen storage 320) of the exemplary system 1000, calculated as an example in the model calculation, within a time frame of one year (here taking 2022 as an example).

[0239] Specifically, in the first two months (January and February) and the last two months (November and December) of the year, the load and extraction power of the chemical energy 320Ca of the second energy storage 320 are significantly reduced.

[0240] This reduced loading and extraction of chemical energy 320Ca occurs in particular in the colder months of the year, due to the fact that, in particular in the warmer and therefore more sunny months, renewable energy sources, in particular solar energy 20 or photovoltaic units 120, produce significantly more excess electrical energy E, which is converted into chemical energy C (for example by electrolysis unit 310) for advantageous storage and is delivered to the second storage 320 for storage. In addition, cheaper electricity provided by the public grid 40 can also be used to load the second energy storage 320.

[0241] In general, this part results in the storage power or load power of the second energy storage 320 exceeding 30 kW, and the load level of the second storage 320 increases, especially from July onwards (see Figure 5b ), because during this period, the peak power output (sometimes up to 24 kW) is continuously higher than the chemical energy 320Ca of the second energy storage 320, which is still significantly lower than the above-mentioned load power. The continuously higher extraction performance can be attributed to, for example, the conversion of the chemical energy C into thermal energy T by the fuel cell 330, which is also used to heat the outdoor swimming pool 700 during this period.

[0242] Only from about September onwards the load power is lower than the power drawn from the second energy storage 320, resulting in a lower load level of the second energy storage 320 from September onwards (see Figure 5b The reduction in load power during this period may be due, for example, to the increasing use of electrical energy E to additionally provide / generate thermal energy T for heating the building 2000 / 2100 (see Figure 4d , starting around September), for example by running servers / value added machines and systems as primary load dependent heat generators (first primary load dependent energy converter 210), or by turning on a heat pump 510.

[0243] Starting from November of the year, the extraction rate of chemical energy 320Ca also decreases significantly, which may be due to the reduction of electricity from renewable energy sources, for example, resulting in a reduction of chemical energy C (here hydrogen) generated in the electrolyzer 210 and stored in the second energy storage 320. Therefore, the storage 320 often becomes empty (does not absorb electricity from the public grid) (see Figure 5b , starting in November). Only when the storage 320 is not empty can the waste heat be used to provide electricity in a demand-based manner.

[0244] Figure 5b A graph showing the load level (in %) of the second energy storage 320 (exemplary hydrogen storage 320) of the exemplary system 1000 over a time frame of one year (here taking the year 2022 as an example), which is calculated in the model calculation.

[0245] like Figure 5a As already mentioned in part in the previous section, the load level of the second storage 320 (hydrogen storage 320) increases significantly starting from July, because Figure 5a As shown, the load power often exceeds the extraction power of the second storage 320 .

[0246] Starting from about September, the load power is lower than the power drawn from the second energy storage 320, so that the load level of the second energy storage 320 is reduced significantly for a short time (see Figure 5a ).

[0247] Figure 6a A graph is shown of the load power (values ​​in the positive region of the power axis represent the input of electric energy E) and the extracted power (values ​​in the negative region of the power axis represent the release of electric energy E) (unit: kW) of the third energy storage 130 of the exemplary system 1000, which is exemplarily formed as a vanadium redox flow battery 130, within a time frame of one year (here taking 2022 as an example) calculated as an example in the model calculation.

[0248] Especially with Figure 6b When viewed together, it can be clearly seen that the third energy storage 130 is mainly used as a compensation storage for short-term storage and short-term delivery / supply of a certain amount of electrical energy 130Ea, so that very fluctuating load levels occur (see Figure 6b ), and the same amount of energy 130Ea is stored in the third energy storage 130 and released again in a short time (e.g., a few days). For example, "accumulating" electrical energy E over a longer period of time is only a secondary purpose here.

[0249] It can also be seen that, in particular in the colder months of the year (January and February as well as November and December), significantly less energy 130Ea is stored and released again in the third energy storage 130. This is due to the increased use of the available electrical energy E, for example for heating the building 2000 / 2100, so that in this time frame there is usually hardly any excess electrical energy E available that can be directly stored as electrical energy 130Ea.

[0250] For example, the lack of storage (loading) and extraction (removal) processes and the reduction of the load level of the third storage 130 to substantially 0% during the time window of mid-April of the year may be due to a significant increase in the use of the electrolyzer 310 to generate thermal energy T (thermal energy 310Ta), while according to Figure 4a, the utilization rate of the server (the first primary load relying on the energy converter 210) is always high to generate thermal energy 210Ta / b in this time window, so there is no or almost no excess electrical energy E that can be stored in the third energy storage 130 during this time window.

[0251] Figure 6b A graph showing the load level (in %) of the third energy storage 130 (exemplary vanadium redox flow battery 130) of the exemplary system 1000 over a one-year time frame (here, 2022 as an example), wherein the load level is proportional to the load level according to Figure 6a The load is related to the extraction process.

[0252] Figure 7a A graph showing the load power (values ​​in the positive area of ​​the power axis represent the absorption of thermal energy T) and the extracted power (values ​​in the negative area of ​​the power axis represent the release of thermal energy T) (unit: kW) of the long-term thermal storage 230 of the exemplary system 1000, calculated as an example in the model calculation, within a time range of one year (here taking 2022 as an example).

[0253] In particular, in the colder months (January and February and October to December), essentially only thermal energy 230Ta is taken from the long-term thermal storage 230, and with the start of the warmer months (approximately June to mid / end September), conversely, essentially only thermal energy 230Ta is loaded / stored into the long-term thermal storage 230.

[0254] In order to extract thermal energy T from the long-term thermal storage 230, in particular, the heat pump 510 is used to generate thermal energy 510Ta based on the thermal energy T provided by the storage using additionally consumed electrical energy E and supply it to the exemplary system 1000. Therefore, the process of extracting from the long-term thermal storage 230 is similar to Figures 4a to 4d The thermal energy 510Ta that appears is related to the heat emission.

[0255] Excess thermal energy T in the exemplary system 1000 is used to load / store long-term thermal storage 230, as particularly in Figures 4a to 4d As can be seen in the period from June to mid-September. Since no thermal energy T is removed / extracted from the long-term thermal storage 230, the load level of the long-term thermal storage 230 increases rapidly accordingly (see Figure 7b). The load of the long-term heat storage 230 can be greater than 100% (e.g. about 110%), which is possible, for example, for a long-term heat storage 230 designed as an earth-coupled heat storage, for example, if the temperature exceeds 25° C., it will be regarded as a 100% load level. However, it is generally recommended to cool the storage 230 or the system 1000 in the event of a corresponding overheating of the long-term heat storage 230, for example by loading the fifth energy storage 240 (chemical heat storage 240) with thermal energy T or by emergency cooling via the outdoor pool 700.

[0256] Only at the beginning of the colder months does the fill level of the long-term thermal storage 230 drop, in some cases dramatically (compare Figure 7b ).

[0257] In the period from about March to the end of May, only a single loading and extraction process of thermal energy T takes place in the long-term thermal storage 230. This is because, for example, in this time frame there is initially no excess heat (thermal energy T) in the exemplary system 1000, and if there is a small deficit, the waste heat from the electrolyzer 310 or the fuel cell 330 is initially used to generate additional heat (see, for example, Figure 4a and 4b ).

[0258] Figure 7b A graph showing the load level in % of the long-term thermal storage 230 (exemplarily designed as a ground-coupled thermal storage) of the exemplary system 1000 over a one-year time frame (here the year 2022 is taken as an example), wherein the load level is proportional to the load level according to Figure 7a The load is related to the extraction process.

[0259] like Figure 7a As already described, thermal energy 230Ta is stored in the long-term thermal storage 230, especially in the warmer months (from June to mid-September), so the load level increases continuously, while in the colder months (January and February and October to December), the load level sometimes decreases rapidly.

[0260] Figure 8a An exemplary method of an exemplary system 1000 for controlling a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building 2000 / 2100 by a control unit 900 is shown.

[0261] It should be noted at this point that the steps of the exemplary method described below, and in particular the numbers used for the various steps therein, are not intended to indicate or convey any order of the various steps. On the contrary, for example, in the exemplary method, a step with a smaller number may occur after a step with a larger number, and vice versa.

[0262] In the method described by way of example, step S101 initially includes providing an amount of energy in a first energy form through a first energy supply module 100, wherein step S102 includes converting a portion of the amount of energy in the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form through a first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 (e.g., a server, a machine tool, etc.) of a first energy converter module 200 according to a primary load.

[0263] In step S103, a certain amount of energy in the first energy form (e.g., electrical energy E) based on demand and / or a certain amount of energy in the second energy form (e.g., thermal energy T) based on demand are consumed by at least one consumer of the consumption module 600, 800 of the building 2000 / 2100, wherein, if the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form based on demand consumed by the consumption module 600, 800, a significantly excess amount of energy in the second energy form is stored in a delayed manner or simultaneously in step S104, and the significantly excess amount of energy in the second energy form is stored in the first energy storage 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200. In step S105, energy in a significantly excess first energy form is converted into a third energy form (e.g., chemical energy C) that is different from the first energy form and the second energy form by the second energy converter 310 of the second energy converter module 300, wherein, in the process of converting the energy in the significantly excess first energy form into the third energy form, a portion of the energy in the significantly excess first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storage, and in step S106, a certain amount of energy in the third energy form is stored in the second energy storage 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0264] Additionally or alternatively, if the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form based on demand consumed by the consumption module 600 / 800, a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing the second energy form is released in a delayed manner or simultaneously in step S107 for consumption in the consumption module 600 / 800, in step S108, a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage 320 for storing the third energy form is released to the third energy converter 330, and in step S109, the certain amount of energy released from the second energy storage 320 for storing the third energy form is converted into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form by the third energy converter 330 for consumption by the consumption module 600 / 800, wherein, while converting the certain amount of energy in the third energy form released from the second energy storage 320 into the first energy form, a portion of the released certain amount of energy in the third energy form is converted into the second energy form and supplied to the consumption module 600 / 800 for consumption.

[0265] Figure 8b An exemplary method of an exemplary system 1000 for controlling a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building 2000 / 2100 by a control unit 900 is shown as Figure 8a in addition to or alternative to the exemplary methods shown and described.

[0266] In addition, the exemplary method may have a step S110, which includes generating a certain amount of energy in the first energy form by a first energy generator 110 / 120 of a first energy supply module 100, wherein the generated certain amount of energy in the first energy form depends on at least a first discontinuous energy source 10 / 20, in particular a renewable energy source, such as solar energy 20 and / or wind energy 10.

[0267] In addition, if the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module 600 / 800, the exemplary method may store a portion of the significantly excess first energy form in the third energy storage 130 of the first energy supply module 100 in a delayed manner or simultaneously in step S111, store the significantly excess second energy form in the first energy storage 220 / 230 of the first energy converter module 200 in step S112, and convert another portion of the significantly excess first energy form into a third energy form by the second energy converter 310 of the second energy converter module 300 in step S113, wherein, while converting another portion of the significantly excess first energy form into the third energy form, a portion of the other portion of the significantly excess first energy form is converted into the second energy form and provided to the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storage, and in step S114, store a certain amount of the third energy form in the second energy storage 320 of the second energy converter module 300.

[0268] Additionally or alternatively, if the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module 100 is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module 600 / 800, the exemplary method may release a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy storage 130 for storing the first energy form in a delayed manner or simultaneously in step S115 for consumption by the consumption module 600 / 800, release a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage 220 / 230 for storing the second energy form in step S116 for consumption by the consumption module 600 / 800, and release a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy storage 130 for storing the first energy form in step S117 in a delayed manner or simultaneously. A certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage 320 for storing the third energy form is released to the third energy converter 330, and in step S118, the certain amount of energy released by the second energy storage 320 for storing the third energy form is converted into a certain amount of first energy form by the third energy converter 330 for consumption in the consumption module 600 / 800, wherein, while converting the certain amount of energy in the third energy form released by the second energy storage 320 into the first energy form, a part of the released energy in the third energy form is converted into the second energy form and supplied to the consumption module 600 / 800 for consumption.

[0269] In addition, the exemplary method can be modified to perform the following steps in a sequence controlled by the control unit 900: storing excess energy in different energy forms in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting the excess or released certain amount of energy in different energy forms. The control unit 900 is configured to determine the sequence according to the primary load of the first primary load-dependent energy converter 210 (e.g., performing arithmetic operations in a server / computing unit, processing a workpiece on a machine tool, etc.) and the needs of the consumption module 600 / 800 to control the amount of energy in the first energy form and the amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0270] In addition, the exemplary method can be modified so that the first energy storage 220 / 230 includes a short-term storage 220 for short-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form and a long-term storage 230 for medium- to long-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form. Wherein the control unit 900 is configured to control the storage of the certain amount of energy in the second energy form in the first energy storage 220 / 230 so that the certain amount of energy is primarily stored in the short-term storage 220 and the certain amount of energy in the second energy form is secondarily stored in the long-term storage 230.

[0271] In addition, the exemplary method may include generating a certain amount of energy in a third energy form by a second energy generator 410 of a second energy supply module 400 in step S119, wherein the generation of the certain amount of energy in the third energy form by the second energy generator 410 depends on a second energy source 30 that is different from at least one of the first energy sources 10, 20, 40, in step S120, converting the generated certain amount of energy in the third energy form into a second energy form by a fourth energy converter 420 of the second energy supply module 400, and in step S121, storing the certain amount of energy in the second energy form in a fourth energy storage 430 of the second energy supply module 400, wherein the control unit 900 is configured to control the generation, conversion and storage of a certain amount of energy by the second energy supply module 400 according to the energy requirements of the consumption module 600 / 800 and the availability of the second energy source 30.

[0272] Furthermore, the exemplary method may include, in step S122, if the energy storage for storing the second energy form has substantially no capacity for an additional amount of energy in the second energy form, the excess energy in the second energy form being consumed by an additional consumer 700 of at least one consumer other than the consumption module 600 / 800 of the building 2000 / 2100, so as to reduce the total amount of energy in the exemplary system 1000, in particular the amount of energy in the second energy form.

[0273] Similar to the exemplary system 1000 , the exemplary method may be modified such that the first energy form is electrical energy E, the second energy form is thermal energy T, and the third energy form is chemical energy C.

[0274] The method may include allowing or stopping the supply of electrical energy from the public grid 40 to the exemplary system 1000 through the connection of the exemplary system 1000 to the public grid 40 in step S123, or allowing or stopping the feeding of electrical energy from the exemplary system 1000 to the public grid 40 through the connection of the exemplary system 1000 to the public grid 40 in step S124.

[0275] It should be noted that only examples or exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure and technical advantages have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings. The present disclosure is by no means limited to or restricted to the above exemplary embodiments and their implementation features or the described combinations thereof, but also includes modifications to the exemplary embodiments, in particular those modifications achieved by modifying the features of the described examples or by a combination or partial combination of one or more features of the described examples, all within the scope of protection of the independent claims.

[0276] Reference numerals

[0277] 10 First Energy / Wind Energy

[0278] 20First Energy / Solar Radiation / Solar Energy

[0279] 30 Secondary Energy / Wood / Biomass

[0280] 40Energy suppliers / public grids

[0281] 45Energy suppliers / natural gas suppliers

[0282] 50 Computing power required

[0283] 100 First Energy Supply Module

[0284] 110 First Energy Generator / Wind Turbine

[0285] 120 First Energy Generator / Photovoltaic Unit

[0286] 130 Third Energy Storage / Electric Energy Storage

[0287] 200 First Energy Converter Module

[0288] 210 First energy converter (depending on primary load) / calculation unit

[0289] 220 First energy storage / short-term heat storage

[0290] 230 First Energy Storage / Long-Term Heat Storage

[0291] 240 Fifth Energy Storage / Chemical Heat Storage

[0292] 300 Second energy converter module

[0293] 310 Second energy converter / electrolysis unit

[0294] 320 Second energy storage / chemical storage / hydrogen storage

[0295] 330 Third Energy Converter / Fuel Cell / Cogeneration Plant

[0296] 340 Reversible Fuel Cell

[0297] 400 Second Energy Supply Module

[0298] 410 Second Energy Generator / Wood Gasifier

[0299] 420 4th Energy Converter / Wood Gas Burner

[0300] 430 Fourth Energy Storage

[0301] 500 Additional heating module

[0302] 510 Heat Pump

[0303] 520 Heater

[0304] 600 consumption modules (heat)

[0305] 610 Consumer / Drinking Water Consumer

[0306] 620 Consumers / Radiators / Surface Heating Systems

[0307] 630 heat exchanger

[0308] 640 Hot Network

[0309] 650 Consumers / Surface Heating Systems

[0310] 700 additional consumption / outdoor swimming pool

[0311] 800 consumption module (electricity)

[0312] 810 Normal power demand

[0313] 820 wall box

[0314] 830 wall box

[0315] 900 Control Unit

[0316] 1000 Systems

[0317] 2000Buildings

[0318] 2100 Annex Buildings

[0319] E Electricity

[0320] T Thermal energy

[0321] C Chemical Energy

Claims

1. A system for continuous, demand-based energy supply to a building, comprising: - a first energy supply module for providing a certain amount of energy in a first energy form, a first energy converter module having a first primary load-dependent energy converter for converting a part of a provided amount of energy in the first energy form in a primary load-dependent manner into a second energy form different from the first energy form, and a first energy storage for storing an amount of energy in the second energy form, a consumption module having at least one consumer of the building for consuming a demand-dependent amount of energy in the first energy form and / or a demand-dependent amount of energy in the second energy form, and - a control unit for controlling said modules of said system, said system also comprising a second energy converter module having a second energy converter for converting another part of the amount of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form, wherein a part of the another part of the amount of energy in the first energy form is converted into the second energy form simultaneously with the conversion of the another part of the amount of energy in the first energy form into the third energy form, - a second energy storage device for storing a certain amount of energy in said third energy form, and - a third energy converter for converting a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy form into the first energy form, wherein when converting the certain amount of energy stored in the third energy form into the first energy form, a portion of the certain amount of energy in the third energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein The first energy supply module has a first energy generator for generating a quantity of energy of the first energy form, the generated quantity of energy of the first energy form being dependent on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source, such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The first energy supply module has a third energy storage device for storing a certain amount of energy in the first energy form.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein The first energy converter module has a fifth energy storage device, which is configured to convert a certain amount of energy in the second energy form into a certain amount of energy in the third energy form and store it, wherein the fifth energy storage device is configured to convert the stored certain amount of energy in the third energy form back into a certain amount of energy in the second energy form.

5. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein Storing excess energy in different energy forms in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting the excess or released certain amount of energy in different energy forms are performed in a sequence controlled by the control unit, in, The control unit is configured to control the sequence according to a primary load of the energy converter dependent first primary load and a demand of the consumer module for the amount of energy in the first energy form and the amount of energy in the second energy form.

6. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The first energy storage includes a short-term storage for short-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form and a long-term storage for medium- to long-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form.

7. The system according to claim 6, wherein The short term storage and the long term storage are in direct operative connection with each other such that an amount of energy in the second energy form can be exchanged between the short term storage and the long term storage.

8. A system according to claim 6 or 7, wherein The control unit is further configured to control storage of an amount of energy of the second energy form in the first energy storage such that an amount of energy is primarily stored in the short term storage and secondly an amount of energy of the second energy form is stored in the long term storage.

9. A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The second energy converter for converting the first energy form into the third energy form and the third energy converter for converting the third energy form into the first energy form of the second energy converter module are a component, which is configured to perform the process of converting the third energy form into the first energy form as a reversible process of converting the first energy form into the third energy form.

10. The system according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising: a second energy supply module, the second energy supply module having a second energy generator for generating the third energy form, the second energy generator generating a certain amount of energy of the third energy form dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, The second energy supply module further comprises a fourth energy converter for converting the third energy form into the second energy form.

11. The system according to claim 10, wherein The second energy supply module has a fourth energy storage device for storing the second energy form, The fourth energy storage for storing the second energy form is not operatively connected to or is directly operatively connected to the first energy storage for storing the second energy form to exchange a certain amount of energy in the second energy form.

12. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, further comprising: an additional consumer, different from the at least one consumer of the consumption module of the building, for consuming an amount of energy of the second energy form, The control unit is configured to control the additional consumer in the following manner: if the energy storage for storing the second energy form substantially no longer has any capacity for an additional amount of energy in the second energy form, excess energy in the second energy form is provided to the additional consumer for consumption in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy in the second energy form.

13. The system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein The first energy form is electrical energy, The second energy form is thermal energy, and The third energy form is chemical energy.

14. The system according to claims 1 and 13, wherein The second energy converter is an electrolyser, which is arranged to convert a certain amount of electrical energy into a certain amount of chemical energy.

15. The system according to claims 1 and 13, wherein The third energy converter is a fuel cell configured to convert a certain amount of chemical energy into a certain amount of electrical energy.

16. The system according to claims 1 and 13, wherein The third energy converter is a combined heat and power plant configured to convert an amount of chemical energy into an amount of electrical energy and / or an amount of thermal energy.

17. A system according to claims 9 and 13, wherein The component is a reversible fuel cell that is capable of converting a certain amount of electrical energy into a certain amount of chemical energy in one process and can reverse the process, converting chemical energy into electrical energy.

18. The system of claim 13, wherein The system also has a connection to the public grid, in, The control unit is configured to allow or stop supplying electrical energy from the public grid to the system and to allow or stop feeding electrical energy from the system to the public grid.

19. The system according to claims 6 and 13, wherein The system has a heat pump that increases the amount of thermal energy in the system by reversing the heat-to-electricity process, wherein: The heat pump uses thermal energy stored in the long-term storage of the first energy storage.

20. The system according to claims 6 and 13, wherein The long-term storage of the first energy storage is a seasonal thermal storage, in particular a basin thermal storage.

21. The system of claim 1, wherein The first energy converter is a calculation unit that performs a computer operation as a primary load, and converts electric energy depending on the primary load into thermal energy by performing the computer operation.

22. The system according to claims 10 and 13, wherein The second energy generator of the second energy supply module is a wood gasifier, and the fourth energy converter is a wood gas burner, wherein the wood gasifier and the wood gas burner are one component.

23. The system according to claims 3 and 13, wherein The third energy storage for storing electrical energy is a vanadium redox flow battery or a lithium ion battery.

24. A method for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building by means of a control unit, in particular a system according to one of the preceding claims, comprising: - providing a certain amount of energy in the first energy form by means of a first energy supply module, - converting a portion of the amount of energy in the first energy form into a second energy form different from the first energy form by a first primary load-dependent energy converter of a first energy converter module in a primary load-dependent manner, - consuming a demand-based amount of energy in the first energy form and / or a demand-based amount of energy in the second energy form by at least one consumer of a consumption module of the building, wherein if the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module based on demand, then in a delayed manner or simultaneously, - storing a significant excess of energy of the second energy form in the first energy store of the first energy converter module, - converting a significant excess of energy in the first energy form into a third energy form different from the first energy form and the second energy form by a second energy converter of a second energy converter module, wherein, during the conversion of the significant excess of energy in the first energy form into the third energy form, a portion of the significant excess of energy in the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and supplied to the first energy storage for storage, and - storing a certain amount of energy of the third energy form in a second energy storage of the second energy converter module, and / or If the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form based on demand consumed by the consumption module, then in a delayed manner or simultaneously, - releasing a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form for consumption in the consumption module, - releasing a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form to a third energy converter, and -Converting a certain amount of energy released by the second energy storage for storing the third energy form into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form through the third energy converter for consumption by the consumption module, wherein, while converting a certain amount of energy in the third energy form released by the second energy storage into the first energy form, a portion of the released certain amount of energy in the third energy form is converted into the second energy form and fed into the consumption module for consumption.

25. The method according to claim 24, wherein: include: - generating a certain amount of energy of the first energy form by a first energy generator of the first energy supply module, wherein the generated certain amount of energy of the first energy form depends on at least a first discontinuous energy source, in particular a renewable energy source, such as solar energy and / or wind energy.

26. The method according to claim 24 or 25, wherein: If the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is greater than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then in a delayed manner or simultaneously, - storing a portion of the energy of the first energy form, which is in significant excess, in a third energy store of the first energy supply module, - storing a significant excess of energy of the second energy form in the first energy store of the first energy converter module, - converting another part of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form into the third energy form by means of the second energy converter module, wherein when converting the another part of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form into the third energy form, a part of the another part of the significantly excess energy of the first energy form is simultaneously converted into the second energy form and fed to the first energy storage for storage, and - storing an amount of energy of said third energy form in said second energy storage of said second energy converter module, and / or, If the amount of energy in the first energy form provided by the first energy supply module is less than the amount of energy in the first energy form and the second energy form consumed by the consumption module, then in a delayed manner or simultaneously, - releasing a certain amount of energy stored in the third energy storage for storing the first energy form for consumption in the consumption module, - releasing a certain amount of energy stored in the first energy storage for storing the second energy form for consumption in the consumption module, - releasing a certain amount of energy stored in the second energy storage for storing the third energy form to the third energy converter, and -Converting a certain amount of energy released by the second energy storage for storing the third energy form into a certain amount of energy in the first energy form through the third energy converter for consumption by the consumption module, wherein, while converting the certain amount of energy in the third energy form released by the second energy storage into the first energy form, a part of the released certain amount of energy in the third energy form is converted into the second energy form and fed to the consumption module for consumption.

27. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 26, wherein Storing excess energy in different energy forms in the energy storage, releasing a certain amount of energy in different energy forms stored in the energy storage, and converting the excess or released certain amount of energy in different energy forms are performed in a sequence controlled by the control unit, The control unit is configured to control the sequence according to a primary load of the energy converter dependent on the first primary load and a demand of the consumption module for the amount of energy in the first energy form and the amount of energy in the second energy form.

28. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 27, wherein The first energy storage comprises a short-term storage for short-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form and a long-term storage for medium- to long-term storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form, The control unit is further configured to control the storage of a certain amount of energy in the second energy form in the first energy storage, so that a certain amount of energy is primarily stored in the short-term storage, and secondly a certain amount of energy in the second energy form is stored in the long-term storage.

29. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 28, comprising: - generating a quantity of energy in the third energy form by means of a second energy generator of a second energy supply module, wherein the generation of the quantity of energy in the third energy form by the second energy generator is dependent on at least one second energy source different from the first energy source, - converting the generated amount of energy in the third energy form into the second energy form by means of a fourth energy converter of the second energy supply module, and - storing a quantity of energy of the second energy form in a fourth energy store of the second energy supply module, The control unit is configured to generate, convert and store a certain amount of energy through the second energy supply module according to the energy demand of the consumption module and the availability of the second energy source.

30. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 29, comprising: - If the energy storage device for storing the second energy form substantially no longer has capacity for an additional amount of energy in the second energy form, the excess amount of energy in the second energy form is consumed by an additional consumer different from the at least one consumer of the consumption module of the building, in order to reduce the total amount of energy in the system, in particular the amount of energy in the second energy form.

31. The method according to any one of claims 24 to 30, wherein The first energy form is electrical energy, The second energy form is thermal energy, The third energy form is chemical energy.

32. The method according to claim 31, comprising: - by connecting the system to the public grid, allowing or stopping the supply of electrical energy from the public grid to the system, or - enabling or stopping the feeding of electrical energy from the system to the public grid through the connection of the system to the public grid.

33. A control unit for controlling a system for continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein: The control unit is further configured to perform a method according to any of claims 24 to 32 for controlling a system for a continuous, demand-based energy supply for a building.

34. A computer program product having a computer program stored on a computer-readable data storage medium, the computer program being executable on a control unit according to claim 33 or in a computer connected to the control unit and configured to control the method according to one of claims 24 to 32.

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