Laser passivation method for industrial cutter

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of metal material heat treatment, in particular to a laser passivation method for an industrial cutter. The laser passivation method comprises the specific steps that the surface of a tool to be treated is cleaned, and oil stains and oxides on the surface of the tool are removed; laser beams are used for scanning the surface of the tool subjected to cleaning treatment, the moving path of the laser beams is controlled, it is ensured that the surface of the tool is subjected to uniform laser treatment, and the power of the used laser beams, the laser scanning speed and the spot size are determined according to the material and shape of the tool; and after laser treatment is completed, the surface of the tool is cooled and cleaned. The laser passivation method for the industrial cutter is efficient, environmentally friendly and low in cost, uniform treatment on the surface of the cutter can be achieved, the abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the cutter can be remarkably improved, the service life of the cutter can be remarkably prolonged, the deformation phenomenon cannot occur before and after treatment, and the application prospect is wide.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of heat treatment of metal materials, and in particular to a laser passivation method for industrial cutting tools. Background Art

[0002] Industrial knives are tools used to process metal, wood, plastic and other materials, and are widely used in the manufacturing industry. The materials of industrial knives are mainly high-speed steel, cemented carbide, ceramics and cubic boron nitride. In order to extend the service life of industrial knives, their surfaces are often treated before use.

[0003] At present, the surface treatment technologies of industrial tools mainly include chemical passivation, electrochemical passivation, heat treatment, physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). These treatment methods mainly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the tool by changing the chemical composition or structure of the tool surface. For example, chemical passivation forms a passivation film on the tool surface through chemical reaction, electrochemical passivation forms an oxide layer on the tool surface through electrochemical methods, and heat treatment changes the microstructure of the tool through high temperature treatment to improve its hardness and strength.

[0004] However, these traditional treatment methods all have certain defects. For example, chemical passivation and electrochemical passivation require the use of a large amount of chemical reagents during the treatment process, which can easily cause environmental pollution, and the surface uniformity of the treated tool is poor, and local corrosion or incomplete passivation is prone to occur. Although heat treatment can improve the hardness and strength of the tool, the tool is prone to deformation during the treatment process, and the treatment effect on tools with complex shapes is not good. Although PVD and CVD can form high-quality coatings on the tool surface, the required equipment is expensive, the process is complicated, and the resulting coating has limited bonding strength with the substrate and is prone to peeling. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of this, the present invention provides a laser passivation method for industrial tools. The laser passivation method is environmentally friendly, efficient, and low-cost. It can evenly treat the surface of the tool without deformation problems, and effectively improves the wear resistance and corrosion resistance of the tool.

[0006] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a laser passivation method for industrial tools, the steps comprising:

[0007] S1. Clean the surface of the tool to be processed to remove oil and oxides on the surface of the tool;

[0008] S2, scanning the cleaned tool surface with a laser beam, controlling the moving path of the laser beam, and ensuring that the tool surface is uniformly laser-treated, wherein the power of the laser beam is 200W-2000W, the laser scanning speed is 10mm / s-120mm / s, and the diameter of the spot size is 0.1mm-1mm;

[0009] S3. After the laser processing is completed, the tool surface is cooled and cleaned.

[0010] The laser passivation method for industrial tools provided by the present invention first cleans the tool surface to remove oil and oxides to ensure the uniformity of laser treatment, and then uses a laser beam to scan the tool surface. The laser beam causes the temperature of the tool surface to quickly rise to the austenitizing temperature, and then quickly cools it to produce a martensitic structure, forming a uniform hardened layer, thereby improving the hardness and wear resistance of the tool surface; after the laser treatment is completed, the tool surface is cooled to quickly reduce the tool surface temperature to avoid residual stress.

[0011] In combination with the first aspect, in step S1, the surface of the tool is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning or chemical cleaning. The surface of the tool is cleaned to ensure that the laser beam can scan the surface of the tool evenly. After the surface of the tool is cleaned, it can also be dried according to specific circumstances to ensure that there is no water stain or other residue on the surface of the tool.

[0012] In combination with the first aspect, in step S2, the power of the laser beam is set to 1000W-1800W, preferably 1500W.

[0013] In combination with the first aspect, in step S2, the laser scanning speed is set to 30 mm / s-120 mm / s, preferably 50 mm / s-120 mm / s.

[0014] In combination with the first aspect, in step S2, the diameter of the light spot is set to 0.3 mm-0.6 mm.

[0015] Preferably, a fiber laser may be used to emit the laser, or other lasers may be used to emit the laser.

[0016] In combination with the first aspect, in step S3, the surface of the tool is cooled by air cooling or water cooling. Air cooling or water cooling can rapidly reduce the surface temperature of the tool and avoid the generation of residual stress.

[0017] In combination with the first aspect, in step S3, cleaning the tool surface specifically includes: removing the oxide layer and impurities generated on the tool surface during laser processing by polishing or grinding.

[0018] The present invention also provides an industrial tool, the surface of which is processed by the laser passivation method.

[0019] Preferably, the industrial tool can be any one of tool steel tools, cemented carbide tools, and cemented carbide coated tools.

[0020] The laser passivation method for industrial tools provided by the present invention is efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost, can achieve uniform treatment of the tool surface, can significantly improve the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the tool, and there will be no deformation phenomenon before and after treatment, and has broad application prospects. Detailed implementation manners

[0021] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the present invention in detail with reference to specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention, and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0022] Those skilled in the art of the present technology can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as the general understanding of those of ordinary skill in the art to which the present invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in a general dictionary should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless specifically defined.

[0023] At present, the surface treatment technologies of industrial tools mainly include chemical passivation method, electrochemistry passivation method, heat treatment method, physical vapor deposition method (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition method (CVD), etc. However, these methods all have certain deficiencies. For example, the chemical reagents used in the chemical passivation and electrochemistry passivation processes are harmful to the environment and are likely to cause environmental pollution; it is difficult for traditional methods to ensure the uniformity of tool surface treatment, especially for tools with complex shapes; tool deformation is likely to occur during the heat treatment process, affecting its accuracy and service life; while the equipment for PVD and CVD is expensive and the treatment process is complex, resulting in higher costs.

[0024] In view of this, the present invention provides a laser passivation method and application for industrial tools. The laser passivation method is efficient, environmentally friendly and low-cost, can achieve uniform treatment of the tool surface, and significantly improves the wear resistance, corrosion resistance and service life of the tool.

[0025] Example 1

[0026] This embodiment provides a laser passivation method for industrial tools. The steps include:

[0027] S1. Immerse the tool steel tool to be processed in alcohol and place it in an ultrasonic cleaner for cleaning to remove the oil stains and oxides on the surface of the tool steel tool, and dry it for standby;

[0028] S2. Use a fiber optic exciter, set the laser beam power to 1000W, the laser scanning speed to 30mm / s, set the spot diameter to 0.6mm, and use the laser beam to scan the cleaned tool steel tool surface. During the scanning process, the moving path of the laser beam is controlled to ensure that the tool steel tool surface is evenly treated;

[0029] S3. After the laser treatment, the tool steel cutter is placed in water for rapid cooling, so that the surface temperature of the tool steel cutter is rapidly reduced, and then the surface is polished and cleaned to remove the oxide layer and other impurities generated during the above treatment process.

[0030] Example 2

[0031] This embodiment provides a laser passivation method for industrial tools, the steps comprising:

[0032] S1, soaking the hard alloy tool to be treated in acetone and placing it in an ultrasonic cleaner to remove oil and oxides on the surface of the hard alloy tool, and drying it for later use;

[0033] S2. Use a fiber optic exciter, set the laser beam power to 200W, the laser scanning speed to 10mm / s, set the spot diameter to 1mm, and use the laser beam to scan the surface of the cleaned cemented carbide tool. During the scanning process, the moving path of the laser beam is controlled to ensure that the surface of the cemented carbide tool is evenly treated;

[0034] S3. After the laser treatment, the carbide tool is placed in water for rapid cooling, so that the surface temperature of the carbide tool is rapidly reduced, and then the surface is polished and cleaned to remove the oxide layer and other impurities generated during the above treatment process.

[0035] Example 3

[0036] This embodiment provides a laser passivation method for industrial tools, the steps comprising:

[0037] S1. Wipe and clean the surface of the cemented carbide coated tool to be treated with ethanol to remove oil and oxides on the surface of the cemented carbide coated tool, and dry it for later use;

[0038] S2. Use a fiber optic exciter, set the laser beam power to 2000W, the laser scanning speed to 120mm / s, set the spot diameter to 0.1mm, and use the laser beam to scan the surface of the cleaned cemented carbide coated tool. During the scanning process, the moving path of the laser beam is controlled to ensure that the surface of the cemented carbide coated tool is evenly treated;

[0039] S3. After the laser treatment, the carbide coated tool is placed in water for rapid cooling, so that the surface temperature of the carbide coated tool is rapidly reduced, and then the surface is polished and cleaned to remove the oxide layer and other impurities generated during the above treatment process.

[0040] Example 4

[0041] This embodiment provides a laser passivation method for industrial tools, the steps comprising:

[0042] S1. Clean the surface of the cemented carbide coated tool to be treated with acetone to remove oil stains and oxides on the surface of the cemented carbide coated tool, and dry it for later use;

[0043] S2. Use a fiber optic exciter, set the laser beam power to 1800W, the laser scanning speed to 50mm / s, set the spot diameter to 0.3mm, and use the laser beam to scan the surface of the cleaned cemented carbide coated tool. During the scanning process, the moving path of the laser beam is controlled to ensure that the surface of the cemented carbide coated tool is evenly treated;

[0044] S3. After the laser treatment, the carbide coated tool is placed at room temperature for rapid cooling, so that the surface temperature of the carbide coated tool is rapidly reduced, and then the surface is polished and cleaned to remove the oxide layer and other impurities generated during the above treatment process.

[0045] Comparative Example 1

[0046] This comparative example provides a laser passivation method for industrial cutting tools, the steps comprising:

[0047] S1, same as step S1 in embodiment 1;

[0048] S2. Use a fiber optic exciter, set the laser beam power to 2500W, the laser scanning speed to 150mm / s, set the spot diameter to 1.6mm, and use the laser beam to scan the cleaned tool steel tool surface. During the scanning process, the moving path of the laser beam is controlled to ensure that the tool steel tool surface is evenly processed;

[0049] S3. Same as step S3 in Example 1.

[0050] Comparative Example 2

[0051] This comparative example provides a laser passivation method for industrial cutting tools, the steps comprising:

[0052] S1, same as step S1 in embodiment 1;

[0053] S2. Place the cleaned tool steel tool in a muffle furnace under nitrogen protection for heat treatment: first heat it to 400-500°C and keep it for 1 hour, then heat it to 950-1100°C and keep it for 2.5 hours, and then cool it to room temperature under protective atmosphere;

[0054] S3. Polish and clean the surface of the tool steel cutting tool to remove the oxide layer and other impurities generated on the surface of the tool steel cutting tool during the above treatment process.

[0055] Test example

[0056] The hardness, relative wear resistance (based on cemented carbide P20, i.e., the wear resistance of cemented carbide is 1) and corrosion resistance (salt spray test: the tool to be tested is placed in a 5% sodium chloride solution atomization environment, the ambient temperature is set to 35±2°C, and the proportion of surface rust area is measured after 48 hours) of the tools treated by the laser passivation method provided in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Examples 1 to 2 and the untreated tools are tested. The test results are shown in Table 1:

[0057] Table 1

[0058]

[0059] It can be seen from the data in Table 1 that after the industrial cutting tool is surface treated by the laser passivation method provided by the present invention, the relative wear resistance, hardness and corrosion resistance of the obtained cutting tool are significantly improved, and no deformation occurs during the treatment process.

[0060] What is described above is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A laser passivation method for industrial knives, characterized in that the steps include: S1. Clean the surface of the tool to be processed to remove oil and oxides on the surface of the tool; S2, scanning the cleaned tool surface with a laser beam, controlling the moving path of the laser beam, and ensuring that the tool surface is uniformly laser-treated, wherein the power of the laser beam is 200W-2000W, the laser scanning speed is 10mm / s-120mm / s, and the diameter of the spot size is 0.1mm-1mm; S3. After the laser processing is completed, the tool surface is cooled and cleaned.

2. The laser passivation method for industrial tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S1, the surface of the tool is cleaned by ultrasonic cleaning or chemical cleaning.

3. The laser passivation method for industrial tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the power of the laser beam is set to 1000W-1800W.

4. The laser passivation method for industrial tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the laser scanning speed is set to 30 mm / s-120 mm / s.

5. The laser passivation method for industrial tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S2, the diameter of the light spot is set to 0.3 mm-0.6 mm.

6. The laser passivation method for industrial tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the tool surface is cooled by air cooling or water cooling.

7. The laser passivation method for industrial tools according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step S3, the surface of the tool is cleaned by polishing or grinding to remove the oxide layer and impurities generated on the surface of the tool during the laser processing.

8. An industrial tool, characterized in that: The surface of the industrial tool is processed by the laser passivation method according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The industrial tool according to claim 8, characterized in that: The industrial cutting tools include tool steel cutting tools, cemented carbide cutting tools and cemented carbide coated cutting tools.

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