Sapindus saponin extraction method

Abstract

The invention discloses a soapnut saponin extraction method, and relates to the technical field of soapnut saponin extraction, the soapnut saponin extraction method comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a sample; s2, performing pretreatment; s3, solvent extraction; s4, filtering; s5, performing concentration; s6, performing purification; and S7, drying. When the extraction method of the sapindus saponin is operated, sapindus fruits can be dried and then crushed, distilled water and a specific enzyme are firstly added after crushing, so that the solubility of the saponin can be improved, then an extraction solvent is added, meanwhile, microwave extraction equipment is adopted to improve the extraction efficiency, and finally, the solution is filtered and concentrated, so that the sapindus saponin is obtained. A specific enzyme is added in the whole extraction process of the sapindoside, and microwave extraction equipment is matched, so that the extraction efficiency of the sapindoside is improved, and the purity of the sapindoside is improved. And the overall purity of the saponin is also increased by matching with a chromatographic column and a cooling crystallization purification method.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of extracting saponin from soapberry, in particular to a method for extracting saponin from soapberry. Background Art

[0002] Sapindus saponin is a natural surfactant extracted from the fruit of the soapberry tree. It can reduce the surface tension of water, produce rich foam and have a delicate feel. Therefore, it has good cleaning and washing effects and is often used to make environmentally friendly detergents.

[0003] In the operation of the existing soapberry saponin extraction method, since the cell wall on the outside of the soapberry saponin plant cell is difficult to be destroyed, it is usually necessary to mix the ethanol solvent with the soapberry fruit powder for a long time to react, which affects the extraction efficiency of the soapberry saponin. At the same time, other reaction solvents need to be used during the extraction process of the soapberry saponin. Therefore, after drying and forming, a large amount of other impurities will exist in the saponin powder, which affects the purity of the saponin. Summary of the invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for extracting saponin from soapberry, so as to solve the problem that the extraction efficiency of the saponin currently used in the above-mentioned background technology is low and a large amount of impurities are present.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a method for extracting saponin from soapberry, comprising the following steps: S1: Sample preparation: Dry the fresh soapberry fruits to remove moisture; S2: Pretreatment: The dried soapberry fruit is crushed with a crusher, and the crushed powder is sieved, and an appropriate amount of distilled water is added, mixed evenly, and then a specific enzyme is added; S3: Solvent extraction: Add appropriate extraction solvent to the solution after the reaction and stir it thoroughly, and use microwave extraction equipment to increase the extraction efficiency; S4: Filtration: After the solution reaction is completed, the solid residue in the solution can be filtered out using a filtration device, and the filtrate can be collected; S5: Concentration: Use a concentration device to concentrate the filtrate and evaporate most of the solvent in the filtrate; S6: Purification: The filtrate can be further purified by chromatography or cooling crystallization; S7: Drying: Finally, the purified saponin crystals are dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the final soapberry saponin powder.

[0006] Preferably, in S1, the moisture in the soapberry fruit can be removed by natural drying or baking to prevent excessive moisture from affecting the subsequent extraction process.

[0007] Preferably, the enzyme in S2 can be any one of cellulase, pectinase or hemicellulase, which can decompose cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose in plant cell walls to release saponins.

[0008] Preferably, before adding the enzyme in S2, the pH value of the solution should be controlled between 4.5-5.5, the temperature of the solution should be between 40° C.-50° C., and the reaction time should be 1-3 hours.

[0009] Preferably, in S3, after the enzymatic decomposition is completed, any one of ethanol, methanol or acetone can be added to the solution, and the solution is continuously stirred to fully mix with the above extraction solvent.

[0010] Preferably, in S3, a microwave-resistant glass or ceramic container can be used as a reaction container, and the reaction container is placed in a microwave extraction device, while controlling the reaction time and temperature.

[0011] Preferably, the microwave power in S3 is usually set between 300-800 watts, the extraction time is generally 10-30 minutes, the temperature should be controlled between 60° C. and 90° C., and appropriate stirring is performed during the extraction process to ensure that the solution can be heated evenly.

[0012] Preferably, when filtering the solution in S4, a cloth bag, filter paper or centrifuge can be used to remove the residue in the solution, thereby obtaining a clarified extraction solution and avoiding the presence of large particles of solid residue in the solution.

[0013] Preferably, in S5, a rotary evaporator or other concentrating equipment can be used to concentrate the filtrate to remove other solvents in the filtrate, and the filtrate can be concentrated to a fraction of the original volume as required.

[0014] Preferably, silica gel, alumina or other adsorbents may be used as chromatographic columns in S6, and the eluent may be ethanol aqueous solution, so that the saponin can be separated from other impurities. Finally, the solution is concentrated again and then cooled and crystallized to obtain purified saponin.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: during the operation of the soapberry saponin extraction method, the soapberry fruit can be air-dried or oven-dried, and then crushed; after crushing, distilled water and a specific enzyme are first added to increase the solubility of the saponin; then an extraction solvent is added, and a microwave extraction device is used to increase the extraction efficiency; finally, the solution is filtered and concentrated, and then a chromatographic column and a cooling crystallization method are used to increase the purity of the saponin, so as to obtain the saponin; since a specific enzyme is added to the entire soapberry saponin extraction process and the microwave extraction device is used, the extraction efficiency of the saponin is improved; and the purification method using the chromatographic column and the cooling crystallization also increases the overall purity of the saponin; this is the operation process of the soapberry saponin extraction method. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the saponin extraction method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0018] See also Figure 1 The present invention provides a technical solution: a method for extracting saponin from soapberry, comprising the following steps: S1: removing moisture from the fresh soapberry fruit by air-drying or drying; S2: crushing the dried soapberry fruit with a crusher, sieving the crushed powder, adding an appropriate amount of distilled water, adding a specific enzyme when the pH value of the solution is between 4.5-5.5 and the temperature of the solution is between 40°C and 50°C, and stirring thoroughly; S3: adding any one of ethanol, methanol or acetone to the solution after the reaction and stirring it fully, and using a microwave extraction device to increase the extraction efficiency; S4: After the solution reaction is completed, the residue in the solution can be removed by using a cloth bag, filter paper or centrifuge to obtain a clarified extraction solution; S5: using a rotary evaporator to concentrate the filtrate and evaporate most of the solvent in the filtrate; S6: Saponin can be separated from other impurities by chromatographic columns and cooling crystallization, thereby improving the purity of the filtrate; S7: Finally, the purified saponin crystals are dried in a vacuum drying oven, and then the soapberry saponin powder can be obtained. Example

[0019] The method for extracting soapberry saponin can firstly air-dry or bake fresh soapberry fruits, then crush the dried soapberry fruits into powder, and screen the powder to remove larger particle impurities to prevent the larger particle impurities from affecting the purity of soapberry saponin extraction, then mix the screened soapberry fruit powder with distilled water, and when the pH value of the solution is between 4.5-5.5 and the temperature is between 40°C-50°C, add cellulase into the solution and fully mix the cellulase with the solution, the cellulase can decompose cellulose in plant cell walls, and increase the solubility of saponin by destroying the cell walls, and after reacting the solution for 1-3 hours, add ethanol extraction solvent into the solution and evenly mix it with the solution, and place the reaction container in a microwave extraction device, adjust the temperature between 60°C-90°C and the time for 10-30 minutes, and stir continuously during the heating process to ensure that the solution can The microwave heating can make the molecules vibrate quickly and generate friction heat, thereby speeding up the extraction process and reducing the amount of solvent and extraction time. After the reaction between the solution and the extraction solvent is completed, the solution can be filtered by filter paper or centrifuge to remove the residue in the solution to obtain a clear extraction solution, while further improving the purity of the soapberry saponin extraction. The filtrate is then concentrated and evaporated by a rotary evaporator. By concentrating and evaporating the filtrate, other solvents in the filtrate can be removed. After the filtrate is concentrated, a chromatographic column filled with silica gel, alumina or other adsorbents is used to gradually elute the filtrate with an ethanol aqueous solution eluent, so that the saponin and other impurities can be separated, and the saponin-containing fractions are collected. The saponin-rich fractions are further concentrated. After concentration, the concentrated solution can be cooled to crystallize out. After crystallization, high-purity saponin crystals can be obtained. Finally, the saponin crystals can be placed in a vacuum drying oven for drying. After drying, saponins can be obtained.

[0020] Through the above-mentioned soapberry saponin extraction method, the purity of soapberry saponin can be increased to 90%-95%, making the purity of soapberry saponin higher, thereby increasing the cleaning and washing effects of soapberry saponin. At the same time, the above-mentioned extraction method can extract about 150-200 grams of soapberry saponin from each kilogram of soapberry fruit, which also increases the yield of soapberry saponin.

[0021] In summary, during the operation of the soapberry saponin extraction method, the soapberry fruits are first dried, the dried soapberry fruits are crushed into powder, the dried soapberry fruits are sieved, and then mixed with distilled water, and then cellulase is added to the solution. The cellulase can increase the extraction efficiency, and after the solution reaction is completed, the extraction solution is added and mixed, and finally, after filtering, concentrating, purifying and drying, the saponin powder can be obtained. This is the operation process of the soapberry saponin extraction method, and the contents not described in detail in this specification belong to the prior art known to professional and technical personnel in the field.

[0022] Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, it is still possible for those skilled in the art to modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or to make equivalent substitutions for some of the technical features therein. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for extracting soapberry saponin, characterized in that: The steps include: S1: Sample preparation: Dry the fresh soapberry fruits to remove moisture; S2: Pretreatment: The dried soapberry fruit is crushed with a crusher, and the crushed powder is sieved, and an appropriate amount of distilled water is added, mixed evenly, and then a specific enzyme is added; S3: Solvent extraction: Add appropriate extraction solvent to the solution after the reaction and stir it thoroughly, and use microwave extraction equipment to increase the extraction efficiency; S4: Filtration: After the solution reaction is completed, the solid residue in the solution can be filtered out using a filtration device, and the filtrate can be collected; S5: Concentration: Use a concentration device to concentrate the filtrate and evaporate most of the solvent in the filtrate; S6: Purification: The filtrate can be further purified by chromatography or cooling crystallization; S7: Drying: Finally, the purified saponin crystals are dried in a vacuum drying oven to obtain the final soapberry saponin powder.

2. The method for extracting saponins according to claim 1, wherein: In S1, the moisture in the soapberry fruit can be removed by natural drying or drying to prevent excessive moisture from affecting the subsequent extraction process.

3. The method for extracting saponins according to claim 1, wherein: The enzyme in S2 can be any one of cellulase, pectinase or hemicellulase, which can decompose cellulose, pectin and hemicellulose in plant cell walls to release saponins.

4. The method for extracting saponins from soapberry according to claim 1, wherein: Before adding the enzyme in S2, the pH value of the solution should be controlled between 4.5-5.5, the temperature of the solution should be between 40° C.-50° C., and the reaction time should be 1-3 hours.

5. The method for extracting saponin according to claim 1, wherein: In S3, after the enzymatic decomposition is completed, any one of ethanol, methanol or acetone can be added to the solution, and the solution can be stirred continuously to fully mix with the above extraction solvent.

6. The method for extracting saponin according to claim 1, wherein: In S3, a microwave-resistant glass or ceramic container can be used as a reaction container, and the reaction container is placed in a microwave extraction device, while controlling the reaction time and temperature.

7. The method for extracting saponins from soapberry according to claim 6, wherein: The microwave power in S3 is usually set between 300-800 watts, the extraction time is 10-30 minutes, the temperature should be controlled between 60° C. and 90° C., and appropriate stirring is performed during the extraction process to ensure that the solution can be heated evenly.

8. The method for extracting saponins from soapberry according to claim 1, wherein: When filtering the solution in S4, a cloth bag, filter paper or centrifuge can be used to remove the residue in the solution, thereby obtaining a clarified extraction solution and avoiding the presence of large particles of solid residue in the solution.

9. The method for extracting saponin according to claim 1, wherein: In S5, a rotary evaporator or other concentrating equipment can be used to concentrate the filtrate to remove other solvents in the filtrate, and the filtrate can be concentrated to a fraction of the original volume as required.

10. The method for extracting saponin from soapberry according to claim 1, wherein: In S6, silica gel, alumina or other adsorbents can be used as chromatographic columns, and the eluent can be gradually eluted. The eluent can be an ethanol aqueous solution, so that the saponin can be separated from other impurities. Finally, the solution is concentrated again and then cooled and crystallized to obtain purified saponin.

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