Heat transfer printing method based on anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water anode catalyst

Abstract

The invention provides a heat transfer printing method based on an anion exchange membrane electrolyzed water anode catalyst, which comprises the following steps: A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion liquid, the binder being a PTFE solution; and B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion liquid on the surface of a transfer printing substrate, covering an anion exchange membrane, and then carrying out hot-pressing transfer printing. According to the method provided by the invention, the contact between the catalyst and the membrane can be improved, the stability of the catalyst layer is improved, the swelling phenomenon of the anion exchange membrane is effectively avoided, the preparation cost of the membrane electrode is reduced, and the performance is ensured.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of membrane electrodes, and in particular relates to a thermal transfer method of an anode catalyst based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. Background Art

[0002] As the global climate changes, the current priority for human society is the green transformation of energy production, storage and use. As a clean, efficient and renewable energy source, hydrogen energy is an important medium for achieving green energy transformation and global decarbonization goals. Water electrolysis technology is one of the important sources of hydrogen production. The efficiency of water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is relatively high, reaching more than 70%, and can be flexibly combined with other renewable energy sources (such as wind energy, solar energy, etc.), making it easier to store and convert energy. At present, water electrolysis hydrogen production technology is mainly divided into four types: alkaline water electrolysis (ALK), proton exchange membrane (PEM), anion exchange membrane (AEM) and solid oxide water electrolysis (SOEC). ALK technology is a pioneer in the field of water electrolysis and is currently maturely used in industrial production, but it has the limitation of high energy consumption. PEM water electrolysis stands out in hydrogen production due to its advantages of low energy consumption and compact equipment, but it needs to be carried out under strong acidic and strong oxidizing conditions and relies on precious metal catalysts (such as iridium and platinum). The cost is high and it is difficult to achieve large-scale deployment. AEM electrolysis of water is developed based on PEM and ALK, combining the advantages of both. It uses lower-cost non-precious metal catalysts, and the anion exchange membrane can effectively conduct hydroxide ions and avoid the high energy consumption caused by the diffusion and transfer of gases and electrons on the electrodes.

[0003] The membrane electrode (MEA) assembly is the core part of the water electrolysis device, and its structure directly affects the efficiency of water electrolysis and the stability of the system. At present, the preparation process of the membrane electrode is mainly based on the acidic proton exchange membrane (PEM) process. However, the main components of the anion exchange membrane include polystyrene, polysulfone, polyimide or polyether skeletons containing quaternary ammonium salt groups. Compared with perfluorosulfonic acid or partially fluorinated sulfonic acid polymer membranes, anion exchange membranes have a higher swelling rate and poorer mechanical stability. At present, the processing technology of membrane electrodes includes catalyst coated membrane (CCM) process and catalyst coated substrate (CCS) process. Compared with the CCS process, directly coating the catalyst on the membrane can save the use of the substrate in the CCS process, thereby reducing the cost of the membrane electrode assembly. At the same time, this method makes the combination of the catalyst and the membrane more firm, reduces the problem of increased contact resistance caused by membrane swelling, and is therefore regarded as a new generation of membrane electrode preparation technology.

[0004] At present, the preparation methods of membrane electrodes based on CCM mainly include ultrasonic spraying, direct coating (scraping) method, transfer coating method and roll coating method. Among them, the ultrasonic spraying method is time-consuming and is not conducive to the preparation of large-area membrane electrodes. Due to the high swelling rate of anion exchange membranes, direct scraping and rolling methods are also not suitable for large-area coating on the membrane. However, coating the catalyst on a transfer substrate over a large area by direct coating or rolling, and then transferring the catalyst from the transfer substrate to the membrane by thermal transfer has become a very potential way to prepare CCM membrane electrodes over a large area. However, the thermal transfer method makes it difficult to achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer, resulting in low utilization of the catalyst. Achieving perfect transfer, that is, complete separation of the catalyst layer, places high demands on the catalyst, binder and membrane.

[0005] Therefore, providing a transfer method that can achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer becomes a problem to be solved. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of this, the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a thermal transfer method based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis anode catalyst. The thermal transfer method provided by the present invention can achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer.

[0007] The present invention provides a thermal transfer method based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis anode catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0008] A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binding agent and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binding agent is selected from a PTFE solution;

[0009] B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion on the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covering the anion exchange membrane and performing hot pressing transfer.

[0010] Preferably, the method for preparing the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst comprises the following steps:

[0011] S1) mixing a nickel source and an iron source in water to obtain a precursor mixture;

[0012] S2) mixing an aqueous solution containing a surfactant with the precursor mixture, and adjusting the pH value to acidic to obtain an intermediate solution;

[0013] S3) Under low temperature conditions, the intermediate solution is mixed with the reducing agent solution to react to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

[0014] Preferably, the mass fraction of the PTFE solution is 40% to 80%.

[0015] Preferably, the solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water, preferably methanol or methanol-water solution.

[0016] Preferably, the mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the PTFE in the binder is 1:(0.2-0.35);

[0017] The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the solvent is 1:(120-133).

[0018] Preferably, the substrate is Teflon cloth, and the thickness of the substrate is 60-80 μm.

[0019] Preferably, the thickness of the anion exchange membrane is 40 to 90 μm.

[0020] Preferably, the coating is selected from ultrasonic spraying;

[0021] Adsorption and heating drying are performed simultaneously with the ultrasonic spraying to remove the solvent, and the heating temperature is 60-80°C.

[0022] Preferably, the temperature of the hot-pressing transfer is 90-160° C., the time of the hot-pressing transfer is 20-50 min, and the pressure of the hot-pressing transfer is 450-550 KPa.

[0023] The present invention also provides a membrane electrode assembly for producing hydrogen by electrolyzing water, comprising a cathode gas diffusion layer / cathode catalyst layer / anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer / anode gas diffusion layer which are composited in sequence.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention provides a thermal transfer method based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis anode catalyst, comprising the following steps: A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binder is selected from a PTFE solution; B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion on the surface of a transfer substrate, and then covering the anion exchange membrane for hot pressing transfer. The method provided by the present invention can improve the contact between the catalyst and the membrane, enhance the stability of the catalyst layer, and effectively avoid the swelling phenomenon of the anion exchange membrane, while reducing the cost of membrane electrode preparation and ensuring performance. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 This is a SEM image of the nickel-iron composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 TEM image of the nickel-iron composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 3 This is an XRD image of the nickel-iron composite material prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 4This is a picture of the transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the membrane in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 5 The transferred catalyst layer of Example 1 of the present invention cannot be wiped off with water;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a performance diagram of a membrane electrode prepared by thermal transfer method in Example 1 of the present invention for use in an AEM electrolysis device;

[0031] Figure 7 This is a picture of the transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the membrane in Comparative Example 2 of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 8 This is a picture of the transfer effect of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the membrane in Comparative Example 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention provides a thermal transfer method based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis anode catalyst, comprising the following steps:

[0034] A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binding agent and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binding agent is selected from a PTFE solution;

[0035] B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion on the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covering the anion exchange membrane and performing hot pressing transfer.

[0036] Specifically, the present invention first prepares an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, wherein the preparation method of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst comprises the following steps:

[0037] S1) mixing a nickel source and an iron source in water to obtain a precursor mixture;

[0038] S2) mixing an aqueous solution containing a surfactant with the precursor mixture, and adjusting the pH value to acidic to obtain an intermediate solution;

[0039] S3) Under low temperature conditions, the intermediate solution is mixed with the reducing agent solution to react to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

[0040] The nickel source is selected from one or more of nickel dichloride hexahydrate, nickel sulfate hexahydrate, nickel nitrate hexahydrate and nickel acetylacetonate; the iron source is selected from one or more of ferric chloride hexahydrate, ferric sulfate, ferric nitrate nonahydrate and ferric triacetylacetonate; the surfactant is selected from nonionic surfactants, quaternary ammonium salt surfactants and alkyl sulfate surfactants; the reducing agent in the reducing agent solution is selected from metal hydride reducing agents; the solvent in the reducing agent solution is selected from water and / or alcohol solvents.

[0041] The molar ratio of the nickel source to the iron source is (1-4):1; the ratio of the surfactant to the iron source is (50-200) mg:1 mmol; the molar ratio of the total moles of the nickel source and the iron source to the reducing agent is 1:(3-8). The total molar concentration of the nickel source and the iron source in the precursor mixture is 0.05-0.5 mol / L; the concentration of the surfactant in the aqueous solution containing the surfactant is 5-20 mg / mL; the concentration of the reducing agent in the reducing agent solution is 0.05-0.2 mol / L. The pH value of the intermediate solution is 3-5. The temperature of the low temperature condition is 5°C-15°C; the temperature of the reaction is 5°C-15°C; the reaction time is 5-30 min.

[0042] The product after the reduction reaction was separated by suction filtration, washed twice with deionized water and anhydrous ethanol, and then dried in vacuum.

[0043] In the present invention, the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst is amorphous and has a nano-sheet morphology.

[0044] Then, the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binder and a solvent are mixed to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion.

[0045] Wherein, the binder is selected from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) solution, and the mass fraction of the PTFE solution is 40% to 80%, and can be 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, or any value between 40% and 80%. In the present invention, the binder is the key to ensure the complete separation of the catalyst layer and the substrate.

[0046] The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the PTFE in the binder is 1:(0.2-0.35), and can be 1:0.2, 1:0.25, 1:0.3, 1:0.35, or any value between 1:(0.2-0.35).

[0047] The solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water, preferably methanol or methanol-water solution.

[0048] The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the solvent is 1:(120-133).

[0049] The present invention has no particular limitation on the mixing method. Preferably, the mixing method is as follows:

[0050] The prepared anode catalyst is ball-milled, the ground powder is dispersed in a solvent, and a PTFE binder is added for ultrasonic treatment to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion.

[0051] Then, the anode catalyst dispersion is coated on the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covered with an anion exchange membrane and then hot-pressed transfer is performed.

[0052] In the present invention, the substrate is Teflon cloth, and the thickness of the substrate is 60-80 μm, which can be 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, or any value between 60 and 80 μm.

[0053] In the present invention, the coating is preferably ultrasonic spraying;

[0054] Adsorption and heating drying are performed simultaneously with the ultrasonic spraying to remove the solvent, and the heating temperature is 60-80°C, and can be 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, or any value between 60 and 80°C.

[0055] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, before coating, a layer of anionic polymer layer is coated on the surface of the substrate, wherein the anionic polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane, polyether, and epoxy. The anionic polymer layer can ensure that the subsequent cationic catalyst membrane and the substrate are more smoothly peeled off. Then, the catalyst dispersion is sprayed.

[0056] After the anode catalyst dispersion is coated, it is covered with an anion exchange membrane for hot pressing transfer.

[0057] In some preferred embodiments of the present invention, before covering the anion exchange membrane, it also includes coating a layer of anion polymer layer on the surface of the anode catalyst layer, wherein the anion polymer is selected from one or more of polyurethane, polyether, and epoxy. The anion polymer layer can increase the bonding performance between the anode catalyst layer and the anion exchange membrane and improve the thermal transfer effect.

[0058] Wherein, the thickness of the anion exchange membrane is 40-90 μm, and can be 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, or any value between 40 and 90 μm.

[0059] The temperature of the hot press transfer is 90-160°C, which can be 90, 100, 110, 120, 130, 140, 150, 160, or any value between 90 and 160°C; the time of the hot press transfer is 20-50 min, which can be 20, 30, 40, 50, or any value between 20 and 50 min; the pressure of the hot press transfer is 450-550 KPa, which can be 450, 460, 470, 480, 490, 500, 510, 520, 530, 540, 550, or any value between 450 and 550 KPa.

[0060] The thermal transfer method can achieve complete transfer of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst from the transfer substrate to the anion exchange membrane, and the amorphous nickel-iron anode catalyst adheres relatively firmly to the membrane and cannot be wiped off with a wet wipe.

[0061] The present invention also provides an anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer prepared by the thermal transfer method, wherein the thickness of the anode catalyst layer is 10 to 30 μm, and can be 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, or any value between 10 and 30 μm.

[0062] The present invention also provides a membrane electrode assembly, comprising a cathode gas diffusion layer / cathode catalyst layer / anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer / anode gas diffusion layer which are composited in sequence, wherein the anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer is prepared by the above thermal transfer method.

[0063] The present invention uses the membrane electrode assembly to electrolyze water to produce hydrogen.

[0064] The method provided by the present invention can improve the contact between the catalyst and the membrane, enhance the stability of the catalyst layer, and effectively avoid the swelling phenomenon of the anion exchange membrane, while reducing the membrane electrode preparation cost and ensuring performance.

[0065] In order to further understand the present invention, the thermal transfer method based on the anode catalyst of anion exchange membrane water electrolysis provided by the present invention is described below in conjunction with the embodiments. The protection scope of the present invention is not limited by the following embodiments.

[0066] Example 1

[0067] Preparation of amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst:

[0068] In 150mL deionized water, 11.25mmol nickel chloride hexahydrate and 3.75mmol ferric chloride hexahydrate were added, the rotating speed was kept at 600r / min, and stable stirring was performed for 20 minutes. In 750mL deionized water, 0.1mol sodium borohydride was added, and bubbles were removed after ultrasonic dispersion was uniform, and then sodium borohydride solution was slowly poured into nickel-iron mixed solution, and the reaction lasted for 20 minutes. After the reaction was completed, a black solid product was obtained by suction filtration, and each was washed twice with water and alcohol. After the solid product was dried for 24 hours, it was fully ground to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

[0069] The SEM images show that the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst prepared above has a nano-sheet morphology. Figure 1 .

[0070] It can be confirmed from the TEM images that the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst prepared above presents a nano-sheet morphology and is evenly distributed.Figure 2 .

[0071] The crystal structure of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst prepared above can be confirmed to be an amorphous phase through the XRD spectrum. Figure 3 .

[0072] Preparation of anode catalyst dispersion:

[0073] 150 mg of catalyst, 4.5 g of 2 mm diameter zirconium oxide grinding balls, 1.5 g of 3 mm diameter zirconium oxide grinding balls and 500 μL of water were added, and the ball milling program was set to grind to ensure that the catalyst was evenly and thoroughly ball milled. Then, the catalyst was completely dispersed using a mixed solvent containing 15 mL of methanol and 5 mL of deionized water, and 83.33 mg of a 60% mass fraction PTFE solution was added as a binder, and a uniform catalyst dispersion was obtained by ultrasonic dispersion.

[0074] Ultrasonic spray coating to build a catalyst layer on the transfer substrate:

[0075] The transfer substrate (4×4 cm Teflon cloth) was placed on the heating plate of the ultrasonic sprayer for heating to evaporate the solvent quickly. The heating temperature was set to 80°C, the adsorption pressure was 0.4 MPa, and the spraying rate was 0.3 mL / min. Before spraying the anode catalyst on the transfer substrate, a layer of polyurethane anion ionomer with a mass fraction of 1.2% was first sprayed on the transfer substrate. Subsequently, the prepared anode catalyst was sprayed on the transfer substrate, and the anode catalyst loading was 1 mg / cm 2 After the anode catalyst is sprayed, a layer of polyurethane anion ionomer with a mass fraction of 1.2% is sprayed thereon. Finally, a transfer substrate loaded with an anode catalyst layer is obtained.

[0076] Thermal transfer is used to transfer the catalyst layer from the substrate to the membrane:

[0077] The AEM membrane (thickness 40 μm) was placed in contact with the anode catalyst side of the transfer substrate and placed in the middle of the hot-pressed carbon plate. The hot-pressing temperature was set to 160°C, and the hot-pressing procedure was: pressurizing from 0 kPa to 500 kPa within 1 minute, maintaining for 30 minutes, and then depressurizing to 0 kPa within 1 minute. After the hot-pressing was completed, the AEM membrane was removed, and the catalyst layer was finally transferred intact to the AEM.

[0078] The transfer effect of the above catalyst layer from the transfer substrate to the membrane is shown in Figure 4 .

[0079] The catalyst layer after transfer cannot be wiped off with a wet wipe. Figure 5 shown.

[0080] In summary, the thermal transfer method of the present invention can achieve complete transfer of the catalyst layer from the substrate to the membrane, and the transferred catalyst layer has good stability.

[0081] Application of amorphous nickel-iron anode catalyst layer prepared by thermal transfer method in AEM water electrolysis:

[0082] The prepared AEM membrane with anode catalyst layer, cathode catalyst (cathode catalyst layer is platinum carbon sprayed on carbon paper) and gas diffusion layer are assembled into the membrane electrode assembly of AEM electrolyzer, and polarization curve (VI) test is carried out by circulating 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution on the anode side at 80°C. Figure 6 As shown, at 2A / cm 2 At the current density of , the test voltage is 1.89V.

[0083] Example 2

[0084] The amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst was prepared by the same method as in Example 1. When preparing the anode catalyst dispersion, 40 mg of 60% PTFE solution was added as a binder. Then, the same method was used for ultrasonic spraying and thermal transfer, and the complete separation of the catalyst layer was also achieved. The transfer effect was the same as in Example 1. Figure 4 .

[0085] Example 3

[0086] In the implementation of thermal transfer, the thickness of the anion exchange membrane (AEM) was changed, and a 60 μm AEM membrane was used. The other experimental conditions were exactly the same as those in Example 1, and the complete separation of the catalyst layer was also achieved, and the transfer effect was the same. Figure 4 .

[0087] Comparative Example 1

[0088] In Comparative Example 1, the preparation of the anode catalyst and the preparation of the anode catalyst dispersion are exactly the same as those in Example 1. The same anode catalyst and catalyst dispersion preparation method as in Example 1 are used. The only difference is that in Comparative Example 1, the amorphous nickel-iron anode catalyst is directly sprayed on the AEM membrane. The specific steps are as follows: Place the AEM membrane on the heating plate of the ultrasonic sprayer and heat it to evaporate the solvent quickly. The heating temperature is set to 80°C, the adsorption pressure is 0.4MPa, and the spraying rate is 0.3mL / min. The prepared anode catalyst is sprayed on the AEM membrane, and the anode catalyst loading is 1mg / cm 2After the anode catalyst spraying is completed, the transfer substrate carrying the anode catalyst layer is finally obtained. The AEM membrane carrying the anode catalyst layer obtained by direct spraying, the cathode catalyst (the cathode catalyst layer is platinum carbon sprayed on carbon paper) and the gas diffusion layer are combined into the membrane electrode assembly of the AEM electrolyzer, and the polarization curve (VI) test is carried out by circulating 1 mol / L potassium hydroxide solution on the anode side at 80°C. Performance Figure 6 As shown, at 2A / cm 2 At the current density, the test voltage is 2.0V.

[0089] Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3

[0090] In Comparative Example 2, polyurethane anion ionomer was used as a binder, and the amount of binder and other experimental conditions were exactly the same as those in Example 1. However, the complete transfer of the catalyst layer could not be achieved, and the transfer effect was not good. Figure 7 .like Figure 7 As shown, complete transfer of the catalyst layer cannot be achieved.

[0091] In Comparative Example 3, the amount of binder PTFE was increased, 120 mg of 60% PTFE solution was added, and the other experimental conditions were exactly the same as those in Example 1. The complete transfer of the catalyst layer could not be achieved, and the transfer effect was Figure 8 .

[0092] Comparative Example 4

[0093] Comparative Example 4 中 In the preparation of the anode catalyst dispersion, the type of solvent was changed, and the other experimental conditions were exactly the same as those in Example 1. After ball milling, the mixed solvent containing 15 mL of ethylene glycol and 5 mL of deionized water could not completely disperse the catalyst, and the pipeline would be blocked during ultrasonic spraying, affecting the uniform dispersion of the catalyst layer.

[0094] Therefore, the thermal transfer method of the present invention is only applicable to the electrolysis of water by anion exchange membrane (AEM) with amorphous nickel-iron composite nanomaterial as anode catalyst and PTFE as binder, and the amount of binder should not be too much, and should be controlled at 20% to 35% of the amount of catalyst.

[0095] In summary, the present invention provides a thermal transfer method for anode catalysts in anion exchange membrane (AEM) water electrolysis. The thermal transfer method can achieve complete separation of the catalyst layer. Compared with the membrane electrode prepared by direct spraying on the AEM membrane, the anode catalyst in the membrane electrode prepared by this method has a stronger adhesion to the membrane. This improvement avoids the problem of membrane damage due to membrane swelling when direct spraying is used. At the same time, the membrane electrode prepared by this method exhibits better AEM water electrolysis performance.

[0096] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A thermal transfer method based on anion exchange membrane water electrolysis anode catalyst, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: A) mixing an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst, a binding agent and a solvent to obtain an anode catalyst dispersion, wherein the binding agent is selected from a PTFE solution; B) coating the anode catalyst dispersion on the surface of the transfer substrate, and then covering the anion exchange membrane and performing hot pressing transfer.

2. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The preparation method of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst comprises the following steps: S1) mixing a nickel source and an iron source in water to obtain a precursor mixture; S2) mixing an aqueous solution containing a surfactant with the precursor mixture, and adjusting the pH value to acidic to obtain an intermediate solution; S3) Under low temperature conditions, the intermediate solution is mixed with the reducing agent solution to react to obtain an amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst.

3. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass fraction of the PTFE solution is 40% to 80%.

4. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The solvent is selected from one or more of methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and water, preferably methanol or methanol-water solution.

5. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the PTFE in the binder is 1:(0.2-0.35); The mass ratio of the amorphous nickel-iron composite anode catalyst to the solvent is 1:(120-133).

6. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The substrate is Teflon cloth, and the thickness of the substrate is 60-80 μm.

7. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the anion exchange membrane is 40 to 90 μm.

8. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The coating is selected from ultrasonic spraying; Adsorption and heating drying are performed simultaneously with the ultrasonic spraying to remove the solvent, and the heating temperature is 60-80°C.

9. The thermal transfer method according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature of the hot-pressing transfer is 90-160° C., the time of the hot-pressing transfer is 20-50 min, and the pressure of the hot-pressing transfer is 450-550 KPa.

10. A membrane electrode assembly for producing hydrogen by electrolysis of water, characterized in that: It includes cathode gas diffusion layer / cathode catalyst layer / anion exchange membrane / anode catalyst layer / anode gas diffusion layer which are compounded in sequence.

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