Turnout

Abstract

The invention relates to a turnout 1 for a rail system of a rail vehicle, comprising a main rail 2 and at least one branch rail 3 which merges into the main rail 2, the main rail 2 and the branch rail 3 each having at least two rails 4 at least in some regions, sleeper bases 7, each having at least one elastomer layer 8, are arranged between the sleepers 5 and the bed 6 on the underside of the sleepers 5 directed towards the bed 6, and the turnout 1 has a turnout center tip 9 in which the rails 4 of the main rail 2 directed towards the branch rail 3 and the rails 4 of the branch rail 3 directed towards the main rail 2 intersect one another, wherein the turnout center region 10 extends from the turnout center tip 9 in opposite directions 11, 12, and the respective elastomer layer 8 of the respective sleeper base 7 of the sleeper 5 in the turnout center region 10 is softer than in the regions of the turnout 1 before and after the turnout center region 10.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a switch for a rail system of a rail vehicle, the switch comprising a main rail and at least one branch rail merging into the main rail, wherein the main rail and the branch rail each have at least two rails at least in some areas, wherein the rails are fastened to sleepers and the sleepers are supported on a gravel bed, wherein sleeper bases each having at least one elastomer layer are arranged between the sleepers and the gravel bed at the bottom side of the sleepers facing the gravel bed, and the switch comprises a switch center tip in which the rails of the main rail facing the branch rail and the rails of the branch rail facing the main rail intersect with each other, wherein a switch center area extends from the switch center tip in opposite directions, wherein the sleepers in the switch center area are designed as self-continuous sleepers to which both the rails of the main rail and the rails of the branch rail are fastened, and wherein the switch center area extends from the switch center tip in opposite directions over a maximum of twenty-five consecutive sleepers. Background Art

[0002] A turnout is a crossing point in a rail system at which at least one branch rail is introduced into a main rail or leads out of it. There are so-called single turnouts, in which a branch rail leads out of a main rail or is introduced into it. But there are also so-called crossing turnouts, in which a branch rail crosses the main rail and leads out of it on both sides.

[0003] It is known in the prior art that rails are equipped with elastomer layers not only in the area between the switches, but also in the area of ​​the switches, so as to achieve track sinking leveling and shock absorption when a train passes over it. It is known that a so-called sleeper base, for example, having such an elastomer layer, is arranged below the sleeper. These sleeper bases are therefore between the sleeper and the gravel bed where the corresponding sleeper is placed. The sleeper base is known, for example, from AT 506 529B1 and WO 2016 / 077852A1. In AT 506 529B1, for example, a sleeper base is proposed, in which a tangled fiber layer is installed on the elastomer layer of the sleeper base on the side facing the sleeper, and a protective layer and another elastomer layer are installed on the opposite side. The tangled fiber layer is used to fasten the sleeper base to the sleeper cast by concrete. The protective layer on the other side of the sleeper base limits the entry of gravel from the gravel bed into the sleeper base to a desired extent.

[0004] However, elastic intermediate layers on the upper side of the sleeper, ie between the rail and the sleeper, are also known in the prior art. This is described, for example, in EP 0 552 788 A1.

[0005] AT 503 772 B1 shows a switch in which a sleeper base having at least one elastomer layer is arranged on the sleeper bottom side of the sleeper. In AT 503 772 B1, an intermediate layer is located between the rail and the sleeper, which intermediate layer is referred to as a fastening element in the document. It is further known from AT 503 772 B1 that the softness or hardness of the sleeper bottom varies over the length of the sleeper.

[0006] In order to optimize track sinking when a train passes over it and to damp vibrations when a train passes over it, it is proposed in AT 520 697 B1 to realize two elastic planes at a distance from one another by means of a sleeper base and an intermediate layer.

[0007] A problem that has not been solved satisfactorily so far is the vibrations and also a certain amount of noise generation that occurs when a rail vehicle passes through the so-called turnout center gap. The turnout center gap is the gap in the rail adjacent to the turnout center tip. Here, the wheels of the corresponding rail vehicle passing through this turnout center gap can hit the turnout center tip or the opposite attachment of the rail, depending on the direction of travel. This leads to both vibrations and a certain amount of noise generation. The worse this phenomenon is, the more the turnout wears in the turnout center area and / or the more the wheels of the rail vehicle wears. Summary of the invention

[0008] The object of the invention is to provide an improvement to the switch mentioned at the outset, by means of which vibrations and noises which are produced by driving through the switch center gap can be suppressed.

[0009] To achieve this object, the invention proposes, based on a switch of the type mentioned at the outset, that the corresponding elastomeric layers of the corresponding sleeper bases of the sleepers in the switch center area are softer than the corresponding elastomeric layers of the corresponding sleeper bases in the switch areas before and after the switch center area.

[0010] The softer construction of the elastomer layer of the corresponding sleeper base in the turnout center region compared to the elastomer layer before and after the turnout center region significantly reduces the noise generation and vibration generation in the turnout center gap, in other words, the generation of structure-borne sound that can not only be heard but also felt. The fact that this measure is feasible was initially surprising to the person skilled in the art, because he was afraid that the track sinking in the turnout center region would be significantly more severe due to the softer elastomer layer. However, surprisingly, it has been shown that when the softer sleeper base is confined to a very spatially limited area, namely the turnout center region, there is no need to worry about excessive track sinking. Thus, the invention achieves a good reduction in both noise generation and vibration generation while at the same time fully leveling the track sinking.

[0011] In this context, it is particularly advantageous if the switch center area extends from the switch center tip in mutually opposite directions over a maximum of fifteen, preferably five, consecutive sleepers. In general, the length of the switch center area must be adapted to the speed at which the switch is driven over by the corresponding rail vehicle. The switch center area is longer in high-speed sections than in sections where rail vehicles only drive over the switch at a lower speed.

[0012] In the switch according to the invention, an intermediate layer known per se from the prior art may or may not be present between the rail and the sleeper located thereunder. For the noise and vibration reduction effect achieved according to the invention, the intermediate layer is of no greater significance. The intermediate layer can be designed as in the prior art. Advantageously, the intermediate layer between the respective rail and the respective sleeper in the center region of the switch is significantly harder than the sleeper base or its elastomer layer arranged below the respective sleeper.

[0013] A physical parameter that can be used to describe the softness of the elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base particularly well is the dynamic subgrade modulus, which itself is frequency-dependent. The low-frequency range is responsible for the smallest possible elastic deformation of the upper structure, i.e. the smallest possible track sinking, when a rail vehicle passes over. In this context, it is advantageously provided that the respective elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base of the sleeper in the turnout center region has a respective elastic modulus of 0.088 N / mm at a measuring frequency of 10 Hz (Hertz). 3 (Newton / cubic millimeter) to 0.186N / mm 3 , preferably 0.091N / mm 3 Up to 0.181N / mm 3 The dynamic subgrade modulus is preferably within the range of 0.095 N / mm at 10 Hz. 3 Up to 0.176N / mm 3 The dynamic subgrade modulus at 10 Hz can also be called the low-frequency dynamic subgrade modulus.

[0014] For the attenuation of structure-borne sound that is to be achieved with the invention, which is not only audible but also perceptible, it is advantageous to observe the dynamic subgrade modulus of the elastomer layer in a higher frequency range. The lower limit of the relevant frequency range is 20 Hz and the upper limit is 160 Hz. In this context, it is therefore preferred in the invention that the respective elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base of the sleeper in the turnout center region has a respective modulus of 0.17 N / mm at a measuring frequency of 20 Hz. 3 Up to 0.42N / mm 3 , preferably 0.18N / mm 3 Up to 0.40N / mm 3The dynamic roadbed modulus is preferably within the range of 0.19 N / mm at 20 Hz. 3 Up to 0.39N / mm 3 The dynamic subgrade modulus at 20 Hz also refers to the dynamic subgrade modulus at a higher frequency of 20 Hz.

[0015] With reference to the above mentioned upper limits, it is preferably provided that the respective elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base of the sleeper in the switch center region has a respective resistance of 0.21 N / mm 3 Up to 0.53N / mm 3 In the range of, preferably 0.22N / mm 3 Up to 0.51N / mm 3 The dynamic subgrade modulus is preferably 0.23 N / mm at 160 Hz. 3 Up to 0.48N / mm 3 The dynamic subgrade modulus at 160 Hz can also refer to the dynamic subgrade modulus at a higher frequency of 160 Hz.

[0016] The aforementioned dynamic subgrade modulus of the respective elastomeric layer of the respective sleeper base can be determined at 10 Hz, 20 Hz and also at 160 Hz in accordance with standard DIN EN 16730:2016-09 for rail category TC3.

[0017] In the area before and after the turnout center area, the corresponding elastomer layer of the corresponding sleeper base of the sleeper advantageously has a dynamic subgrade modulus at least 1.25 times, preferably at least 2.0 times higher than the corresponding elastomer layer of the corresponding sleeper base of the sleeper in the turnout center area at the corresponding measurement frequency. The names before and after the turnout center area relate to the direction of travel along which the rail vehicle passes the turnout. It does not matter whether the rail vehicle comes from the main rail and continues to travel on the main rail, or comes from the branch rail and continues to travel on the main rail, or comes from the main rail and continues to travel on the branch rail, or remains on the branch rail when passing the turnout. The latter is of course only possible when the turnout according to the present invention is a so-called cross mode, wherein the branch rail crosses the main rail and is drawn from the main rail on both sides. For the sake of completeness, it is also pointed out once again here that the turnout according to the present invention can be a single turnout or a cross turnout.

[0018] In a particularly preferred embodiment, it is provided that the respective elastomer layer of the respective sleeper substrate comprises polyurethane and / or natural rubber or consists of them. The respective elastomer layer can therefore be composed completely of polyurethane and / or natural rubber or also have additional components.

[0019] In addition to the elastomer layer, the sleeper base can also have a connecting layer directed toward the sleeper, which serves to fasten the sleeper base to the sleeper. For this purpose, various possibilities exist in the prior art, which can also be used in the present invention. The connecting layer can then be, for example, a purely adhesive structure, but also a textile layer, a tangled fiber layer or a flocculent layer, etc., which protrudes beyond the elastomer layer. All types of possibilities known in the prior art are available for use here.

[0020] Furthermore, the corresponding sleeper base can also have a protective layer directed toward the gravel bed. As is known per se in the prior art, this protective layer is always used when the elastomer layer is to be protected against excessive penetration of gravel or against other damage caused by gravel. Possible solutions known per se in the prior art can also be used here.

[0021] The elastomer layer can also be configured continuously, i.e. identically everywhere, in the switch center region along the longitudinal direction of the sleeper base or sleeper. However, the sleeper base in the switch center region can also have regions of different softness when viewed along its longitudinal extension. It can then be provided, for example, that the respective elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base of the sleeper in the switch center region has a central region and two outer regions adjacent thereto in the direction of the longitudinal extension of the respective sleeper. In this case, it is then particularly advantageous that the respective elastomer layer of the respective sleeper base of the sleeper in the switch center region is respectively softer in its central region than in the two outer regions respectively adjacent thereto. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] The following is an exemplary explanation of further features and details of the preferred design of the present invention. It is shown that:

[0023] Figure 1 A schematic diagram shows a top view of a turnout according to the invention;

[0024] Figure 2 The zoomed in image shows the Figure 1 Area A;

[0025] Figure 3 The diagram shows the center area of ​​the turnout and the adjacent areas before and after the center area of ​​the turnout. Figure 1 Longitudinal section BB;

[0026] Figure 4 Shown along the Figure 1 The cross section of the cutting line CC;

[0027] Figure 5 Shown along the Figure 1 The cross section of the cutting line DD;

[0028] Figure 6 and Figure 7 Shown along the Figure 1 Different embodiments of the cross section along the cutting line EE;

[0029] Figure 8 Shown along the Figure 1 A cross section of the section line FF; and

[0030] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a sleeper base according to the invention is shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] Figure 1 The turnout 1 schematically shown in a top view in FIG. 1 is a so-called single turnout, in which the branch rail 3 merges into the main rail 2. For the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out that the invention can also be implemented in a so-called cross turnout, in which the branch rail 3 merges into the main rail 2 on one side and leads out of the main rail on the other side. In this case, the rail that is most frequently traveled is usually called the main rail 2. The branch rail 3 is usually the rail that is less frequently traveled. But this is ultimately just a question of terminology.

[0032] Before and after the switch 1, the rails 4 are fastened in pairs opposite one another to one of the sleepers 5. The sleepers 5 are arranged along the entire switch 1 transversely and in some areas even orthogonally to the respective longitudinal directions of both the main rail 2 and the branch rail 3, see the respective directions 11 and 12. The switch 1 itself has a switch device area 19, an intermediate rail area 20 and a switch center area 10. In the switch device area 19 there is a switch rail 21 known per se, which is pivotably arranged at the switch rail root 18 known per se. As in Figure 2As shown in the enlarged view in FIG. 1 , in the region marked with A, the turnout center tip 9 and the adjacent turnout center gap 22 are located in the turnout center region 10 of the turnout 1. The intermediate rail region 20 of the turnout 1 is located between the switch device region 19 and the turnout center region 10. The intermediate rails 23, each rigidly fastened to the sleepers 5, are located in the intermediate rail region 20. In the switch device region 19, the external rails 4 are also called stock rails 24. In this embodiment shown here purely by way of example, the turnout center region 10 of the turnout 1 includes a total of seven sleepers 5. Generally speaking, a part of these sleepers 5 of the turnout center region 10 is located on one side, or in other words, in front of the turnout center tip 9. Another part of the sleepers 5 of the turnout center region 10 is located on the side opposite thereto, that is, in other words, behind the turnout center tip 9. The turnout center tip 9 is preferably located in the middle region of the turnout center region 10, but it does not have to be located exactly in the center of the turnout center region 10. The respective number of sleepers 5 of the switch center region 10 before and after the switch center tip 9 can then be the same, but can also be different. How many sleepers 5 the switch center region 10 extends over in total can be designed differently. The design criterion here is for which speed of the rail vehicle the rail system in which the respective switch 1 is integrated is designed.

[0033] Adjacent to the turnout center area 10, on one side, both in the area of ​​the main rail 2 and also in the area of ​​the branch rail 3, are a plurality of so-called short sleepers 25 which, due to the given spatial conditions, can be constructed so as to be shortened on one side compared to the other sleepers 5 used in the main rail 2 and the branch rail 3.

[0034] In the turnout center region 10 itself, the sleeper 5 is designed as a self-continuous sleeper 5, to which both the rails 4 of the main rail 2 and the rails 4 of the branch rails 3 are fastened. It should be pointed out here that the continuous sleeper 5 can be designed as a self-continuous, one-piece body without being limited to a single embodiment. However, the continuous sleeper 5 can also be formed from two or more separate parts when they are firmly connected to each other in order to form a continuous sleeper.

[0035] Figure 2 The zoomed in image shows the Figure 1 The turnout center tip 9 is located in this area. In this turnout center tip 9, the track 4 of the main rail 2 pointing to the branch rail 3 and the track 4 of the branch rail 3 pointing to the main rail 2 are interlaced with each other. The turnout center gap 22 is located between the track opposite to the turnout center tip 9 and the turnout center tip 9.

[0036] When a rail vehicle passes over this switch center gap 22, the wheels strike the rail 4 or the switch center tip 9, thereby generating structure-borne noise that can be heard and felt. The more structure-borne noise that is generated, the more the wheels of the rail vehicle or the track equipment itself wear. In order to suppress the generation of structure-borne noise that can be heard and felt, it is provided in the switch 1 according to the invention as explained here that the corresponding elastomer layer 8 of the corresponding sleeper base 7 of the sleeper 5 in the switch center area 10 is softer than the corresponding elastomer layer 8 of the corresponding sleeper base 7 in the area of ​​the switch 1 before and after the switch center area 10.

[0037] For clarification, reference is made to Figure 3 . Figure 3 Shown along the Figure 1 The longitudinal section of the cutting line BB. Figure 3 2 shows seven sleepers 5 selected here by way of example in the switch center region 10 and two sleepers 5 immediately preceding and immediately following each other outside the switch center region 10 . Figure 3 First, a structure known per se is schematically shown, in which the rail 4 is fastened to the sleeper 5 with an intermediate layer 26 in the middle. These fastenings are known per se and do not need to be explicitly shown here. These fastenings can be designed as in the prior art. The sleeper 5 is in turn supported on the gravel bed 6 with a sleeper base 7 in the middle, which is mounted on the bottom side of the corresponding sleeper 5 pointing to the gravel bed 6. According to the invention, the elastomer layer 8 of the sleeper base 7 in the turnout center area 10 is softer than the elastomer layer 8 of the sleeper base 7 outside the turnout center area 10, that is, in other words, before and after the turnout center area. The elastic properties of the intermediate layer 26 known per se can be designed as in the prior art. Advantageously, the intermediate layer 26 is harder than the sleeper base 7 or its elastomer layer 8.

[0038] The switch center region 10 extends from the switch center tip 9 in mutually opposite directions 11 and 12 over a maximum of twenty-five consecutive sleepers 5. As already explained, the number of sleepers 5 on mutually opposite sides of the switch center tip 9 can be the same, but does not have to be the same. In a preferred embodiment, the switch center region 10 is designed to be smaller. For example, the switch center region can extend in mutually opposite directions 11 and 12 over a maximum of fifteen, preferably over a maximum of five consecutive sleepers 5. This advantageously applies both to the main rail 2 and to the branch rail 3.

[0039] The elastomer layer 8 of the corresponding sleeper base 7 of the sleeper 5 in the area before and after the switch center area 10 is constructed to be harder than in the switch center area 10. It is advantageously provided that the elastomer layer 8 of the corresponding sleeper base 7 outside the switch center area 10 has a dynamic subgrade modulus that is at least 1.25 times, preferably at least 2.0 times higher at the corresponding measuring frequency. In a preferred design, the corresponding elastomer layer 8 of the corresponding sleeper base 7 is composed of polyurethane and / or natural rubber. Figure 3 In, as also Figure 4-Figure 8 As in the figure, the sleeper base 7 is shown in simplified form as one piece. However, it is preferably provided that the respective sleeper base 7 has, in addition to the elastomer layer 8, a connecting layer 13 facing the sleeper 5 for fastening the sleeper base 7 to the sleeper 5. On the side of the respective sleeper base 7 facing the gravel bed 6, the sleeper base preferably has a protective layer 14. This is known per se and is described in detail in detail in the accompanying drawings. Fig. 9 This is schematically shown again in FIG. Fig. 9 In the embodiment of the invention, a connecting layer 13 is located above the elastomer layer 8, and a protective layer 14 is located below the elastomer layer 8. For the embodiment and material selection in the connecting layer 13 and the protective layer 14, various possibilities known per se exist in the prior art, which can also be used or implemented here in conjunction with the present invention. The connecting layer 13 can then be, for example, a tangled fiber layer, a flocculent layer, but can also be a simple adhesive layer. If the sleeper 5 consists of concrete, the sleeper base 7 can then also be fastened to the sleeper 5 by pressing the connecting layer 13 into the concrete that has not yet hardened. This is also known per se and does not need to be explained in detail.

[0040] The protective layer 14 is used to prevent the gravel particles of the gravel bed 6 from penetrating too deeply into the elastomer layer 8 or damaging the elastomer layer. In the prior art, the protective layer 14 is known per se and can also be used in combination with the present invention in the form of, for example, geotextiles or other textile layers. However, for the sake of completeness, it should be pointed out again that not only the connecting layer 13 but also the protective layer 14 are optional. However, the sleeper base 7 in the turnout 1 according to the invention has at least one elastomer layer 8 both in the turnout center area 10 and outside the turnout center area. However, the sleeper base 7 can have more than one elastomer layer 8 both in the turnout center area 10 in the turnout 1 according to the invention and outside the turnout center area. In this case, the elastomer layer 8 is softer in the region of the turnout center area 10 than before and after the turnout center area.

[0041] Figure 4 and Figure 5 The turnout 1 is shown along the section line CC ( Figure 4 ) and DD( Figure 5) . These two sections are located outside the switch center region 10 . The elastomer layer 8 of the sleeper base 7 is then harder there than the elastomer layer 8 of the sleeper base 7 in the switch center region 10 .

[0042] Figure 6 Now a section along the section line EE in the turnout center region 10 is shown. Here the elastomer layer 8 of the sleeper base 7 is designed to be softer than outside the turnout center region 10. Figure 6 In the embodiment of the sleeper base 7 and thus the elastomer layer 8, the sleeper base 7 and thus the elastomer layer 8 are also designed to be identical over the entire longitudinal extension in the direction 15 of the respective sleeper base 5. The dynamic subgrade modulus of this elastomer layer 8 lies within the range specified in the claims at the three initially mentioned measuring frequencies of 10 Hz, 20 Hz and 160 Hz. It is then preferably provided that the dynamic subgrade modulus of the elastomer layer 8 of the respective sleeper base 5 lies at 10 Hz in the range of 0.088 to 0.186 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.091 to 0.181 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.095 to 0.176 N / mm 3 At 20 Hz, the dynamic subgrade modulus of the elastomer layer 8 is preferably between 0.17 and 0.42 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.18 to 0.40 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.19 to 0.39 N / mm 3 At a measurement frequency of 160 Hz, the Figure 6 The dynamic subgrade modulus of the elastomer layer 8 of the sleeper base is preferably between 0.21 and 0.53 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.22 to 0.51 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.23 to 0.48 N / mm 3 All these values ​​are preferably determined in accordance with DIN EN 16730:2016-09 according to rail category TC3.

[0043] However, as already explained at the outset, it is also possible that the respective elastomer layer 8 of the respective sleeper base 7 of the sleeper 5 in the switch center region 10 has, in the direction 15 of the longitudinal extension of the respective sleeper 5, a central region 16 and two outer regions 17 adjoining thereto. Figure 7 In the example, the switch center area 10 is used along the Figure 1This is shown in the section of the section line EE of FIG. In these embodiments, it is then possible that the respective elastomer layer 8 of the respective sleeper base 7 of the sleeper 5 in the switch center region 10 is respectively configured softer in its central region 16 than in the two outer regions 17 adjacent thereto. In other words, in these embodiments, it is provided that the elastomer layer 8 of the respective sleeper base 7 is configured particularly soft in the middle, that is, in particular also below the switch center tip 9 and below the switch center gap 22, in order to achieve particularly good attenuation of structure-borne sound that can be heard and felt.

[0044] The dynamic subgrade modulus of the elastomer layer 8 lies here both in the central region 16 and in the outer region 17 within the range already mentioned at the outset and in the claims.

[0045] However, in the outer region 17, the elastomer layer 8 preferably has a resistance of 0.134 to 0.186 N / mm at 10 Hz. 3 In the range of 0.139 to 0.181 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.144 to 0.176 N / mm 3 At 20 Hz, the dynamic subgrade modulus in region 17 is preferably between 0.28 and 0.42 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.30 to 0.40 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.32 to 0.39 N / mm 3 At a measuring frequency of 160 Hz, the dynamic subgrade modulus in region 17 is preferably between 0.35 and 0.53 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.37 to 0.51 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.40 to 0.48 N / mm 3 within the range.

[0046] In the softer, ie, middle region 16 , the elastomer layer 8 has a resistance at 10 Hz of preferably 0.088 to 0.145 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.090 to 0.141 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.095 to 0.138 N / mm 3 At 20 Hz, the dynamic subgrade modulus in the middle region 16 is preferably between 0.17 and 0.30 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.18 to 0.29 N / mm 3and particularly preferably in the range of 0.19 to 0.28 N / mm 3 At a measuring frequency of 160 Hz, the dynamic subgrade modulus of the elastomer layer 8 in the region 16 is preferably in the range of 0.21 to 0.37 N / mm 3 In the range of 0.22 to 0.36 N / mm 3 and particularly preferably in the range of 0.23 to 0.34 N / mm 3 within the range.

[0047] These values ​​of the dynamic subgrade modulus are preferably also determined at different frequencies in accordance with DIN EN 16730:2016-09 according to rail category TC3.

[0048] Figure 8 A section along the section line FF is also shown. Here again, the sleeper 5 is outside the turnout center region 10. The sleepers are short sleepers 25. In these short sleepers, the elastomer layer 8 in which the sleeper base 7 is arranged is divided into two regions in the longitudinal direction. This is shown here by a first region 27 and a second region 28. In these two regions, the elastomer layer 8 is harder than in the turnout center region 10. Due to the different hard or soft construction schemes of the two regions 27 and 28, the tilting effect that occurs in the short sleepers 25 can be suppressed in a method and manner known per se. This has already been explained in AT 520 697 B1.

[0049] List of reference numerals:

[0050] 1 Turnout

[0051] 2 Main rail tracks

[0052] 3 Branch Rails

[0053] 4 tracks

[0054] 5 Sleepers

[0055] 6 Gravel Bed

[0056] 7 Sleeper base

[0057] 8 Elastomer layer

[0058] 9 Turnout center tip

[0059] 10 Turnout center area

[0060] 11 Direction

[0061] 12 Directions

[0062] 13 Connection Layer

[0063] 14 Protective layer

[0064] 15 Direction

[0065] 16 Central Region

[0066] 17 External Area

[0067] 18 Point rail root

[0068] 19 Switching device area

[0069] 20 Middle Rail Area

[0070] 21 Point Rail

[0071] 22 Turnout center clearance

[0072] 23 Middle Track

[0073] 24 Basic Track

[0074] 25 Short sleepers

[0075] 26 Middle Layer

[0076] 27 First Area

[0077] 28 Second area.

Claims

1. A switch (1) for a rail system of a rail vehicle, the switch comprising a main rail (2) and at least one branch rail (3) merging into the main rail (2), wherein: The main rail (2) and the branch rail (3) each have at least two rails (4) at least partially, wherein the rails (4) are fastened to sleepers (5), and the sleepers (5) are supported on a gravel bed (6), wherein sleeper bases (7) each having at least one elastomer layer (8) are arranged between the sleepers (5) and the gravel bed (6) at the bottom side of the sleepers (5) pointing toward the gravel bed (6), and the turnout (1) has a turnout center tip (9), in which the rails (4) of the main rail (2) pointing toward the branch rail (3) and the branch rail (3) are connected. ) are staggered with respect to the main rail (2), wherein the rails (4) pointing to the main rail (2) are staggered with respect to each other, wherein a switch center area (10) extends from the switch center tip (9) in opposite directions (11, 12), wherein the sleepers (5) in the switch center area (10) are configured as self-continuous sleepers (5), to which both the rails (4) of the main rail (2) and the rails (4) of the branch rail (3) are fastened, and wherein the switch center area (10) extends from the switch center tip (9) in opposite directions (11, 12) through a maximum of twenty-five consecutive sleepers (5), It is characterized in that the corresponding elastomer layer (8) of the corresponding sleeper base (7) of the sleeper (5) in the central area (10) of the switch is softer than the corresponding elastomer layer (8) of the corresponding sleeper base (7) in the area of ​​the switch (1) before and after the central area (10) of the switch.

2. The turnout (1) according to claim 1, wherein: The switch center region (10) extends from the switch center tip (9) in opposite directions (11, 12) over a maximum of fifteen, preferably five, consecutive sleepers (5).

3. The turnout (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: The corresponding elastomer layer (8) of the corresponding sleeper base (7) of the sleeper (5) in the central area (10) of the switch has a respective elastic force of 0.088 N / mm at a measuring frequency of 10 Hz. 3 Up to 0.186N / mm 3 , preferably 0.091N / mm 3 Up to 0.181N / mm 3 Dynamic roadbed modulus within the range of.

4. The turnout (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: The corresponding elastomer layer (8) of the corresponding sleeper base (7) of the sleeper (5) in the central area (10) of the switch has a respective elastic force of 0.17 N / mm at a measuring frequency of 20 Hz. 3 Up to 0.42N / mm 3 , preferably 0.18N / mm 3 Up to 0.40N / mm 3 Dynamic roadbed modulus within the range of.

5. The turnout (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: The corresponding elastomer layer (8) of the corresponding sleeper base (7) of the sleeper (5) in the central area (10) of the switch has a respective elastic force of 0.21 N / mm at a measuring frequency of 160 Hz. 3 Up to 0.53N / mm 3 , preferably 0.22N / mm 3 Up to 0.51N / mm 3 Dynamic roadbed modulus within the range of.

6. The turnout (1) according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The corresponding elastomeric layers (8) of the corresponding sleeper bases (7) of the sleepers (5) in the areas before and after the switch center area (10) have, at corresponding measuring frequencies, a dynamic subgrade modulus that is at least 1.25 times, preferably at least 2.0 times, higher than the corresponding elastomeric layers (8) of the corresponding sleeper bases (7) of the sleepers (5) in the switch center area (10).

7. The turnout (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: The respective elastomer layer (8) of the respective sleeper substrate (7) comprises polyurethane and / or natural rubber or consists thereof.

8. The turnout (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein: The respective sleeper base (7) can, in addition to the elastomer layer (8), also have a connecting layer (13) directed toward the sleeper (5) for fastening the sleeper base (7) to the sleeper (5) and / or a protective layer (14) directed toward the gravel bed (6).

9. The turnout (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: The respective elastomeric layers (8) of the respective sleeper bases (7) of the sleepers (5) in the switch center region (10) respectively have a central region (16) and two outer regions (17) adjacent thereto along the longitudinal extension direction (15) of the respective sleepers (5).

10. The turnout (1) according to claim 9, wherein: The respective elastomer layer (8) of the respective sleeper base (7) of the sleeper (5) in the switch center region (10) is softer in its central region (16) than in two outer regions (17) adjacent thereto.

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