Construction method for T-beam concrete pouring

Abstract

The invention discloses a T-beam concrete pouring construction method, and belongs to the technical field of bridge engineering concrete construction. Aiming at the problems of poor vibration effect, untight layered combination, difficulty in control of maintenance quality and the like in T-beam concrete pouring, the method comprises the following steps of: arranging an embedded vibration conduction plate along a longitudinal center line of a web plate after a T-beam template is mounted; a layered staggered pouring process is adopted, and a double-cavity vibrating guide pipe is installed at the joint of the web and the flange plate; subsection vibration is conducted through a vibration guide pipe after layered pouring, air pressure is applied for assistance in the first-time vibration, air pressure is closed in the second-time vibration, and time is prolonged; starting a template heating system to control the temperature gradient from the top to the bottom; an atomized water film and carbonized gas compounding process is alternately implemented in the curing stage; and after the template is removed, a stress release hole is reserved in the anchor rod position, and an expansion grouting material is injected. The method can improve the compactness and integrity of the T-beam concrete and improve the construction quality, and is mainly used for concrete pouring construction of the T-beam in bridge engineering.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of civil engineering concrete construction, and in particular relates to a T-beam concrete pouring construction method. Background Art

[0002] In bridge construction, T-beams are important load-bearing components, and the quality of their concrete pouring construction directly affects the bearing capacity and durability of the structure. The T-beam concrete pouring process involves multiple key links such as formwork installation, concrete layered pouring, vibration compaction, maintenance and stress treatment. The process control accuracy of each link is crucial to the concrete density, interlayer bonding, structural integrity and long-term performance. In the traditional T-beam concrete pouring method, a single vibrating rod is usually used to directly insert into the concrete for vibration. Due to the complex structure of the junction between the web and flange of the T-beam and the large concrete flow resistance, the conventional vibration method is difficult to evenly transmit the vibration energy to the bottom and corner areas of the formwork, which can easily lead to incomplete discharge of bubbles inside the concrete in this area, forming defects such as honeycombs and rough surfaces, affecting the density of the structure. At the same time, the action range of a single vibrating rod is limited. When pouring in layers, the vibration areas of the upper and lower layers of concrete are not accurately connected, which may cause uneven distribution of aggregates at the interlayer interface and reduce the interlayer bond strength. In terms of layered pouring technology, traditional methods mostly use continuous pouring in the same direction, and the concrete flows in a single direction, resulting in a relatively flat contact interface between layers and insufficient shear resistance. In addition, interlayer treatment usually relies only on simple roughening or laying of plain cement slurry, which fails to effectively solve the problem of micro cracks caused by shrinkage differences between layers. Especially in the pouring of large-sized T-beams, it is difficult to accurately control the matching of concrete slump control and pouring speed, which easily leads to problems such as weak interlayer bonding and poor integrity. In the maintenance process, traditional maintenance methods mostly use covering watering or single steam maintenance, which makes it difficult to accurately control the temperature gradient of different parts of the formwork. The cross section of the T-beam is T-shaped, and there are differences in the heat dissipation conditions between the top flange plate and the bottom web. If the temperature is not properly controlled, temperature stress is easily generated at the intersection of the cross section, causing concrete cracking. At the same time, single humidity maintenance fails to combine the role of carbonization reaction in promoting the development of concrete strength. The maintenance cycle is long and the efficiency is low. Especially in a dry environment, the evaporation of water too quickly can easily cause the concrete surface to dry and crack, while in a humid environment, the insufficient carbonization reaction may affect the later strength growth. In terms of formwork fixation and stress treatment, traditional methods do not pay enough attention to the stress release of embedded anchors. The connection between the anchor and the formwork and the prefabricated base is prone to stress concentration due to shrinkage and deformation during the concrete hardening process. If targeted treatment is not carried out, it may cause cracking of the concrete around the anchor, affecting the long-term stability of the structure. In addition, the grouting process of the reserved channel after the anchor is fixed usually uses ordinary grouting materials, which lacks control over the grouting pressure and expansion performance, making it difficult to completely fill the channel gap and release local stress. The core problems faced by the existing technology in T-beam concrete pouring include: insufficient density caused by uneven transmission of vibration energy during the vibration process, weak bonding between layers in layered pouring, inaccurate temperature and humidity control during the curing stage, and stress concentration at the anchor rod. The root causes of these problems are the insufficient adaptability of the vibration equipment and process to complex structures, the limitations of the interlayer treatment technology for layered pouring, the lack of refined zoning control in the curing system, and the lack of process in the stress release link. Although there are some improvement measures in the existing technology, such as optimizing the arrangement of vibrating rods and increasing the depth of roughening between layers, a systematic solution has not yet been formed. It is difficult to take into account the requirements of concrete density, interlayer bonding, curing quality, and stress release at the same time, resulting in unstable construction quality of T-beams and the risk of high maintenance costs in the later stage.

[0003] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a T-beam concrete pouring construction method that can solve the above-mentioned multi-dimensional problems in order to improve the overall construction quality and structural performance of T-beams in bridge projects. Summary of the invention

[0004] An object of the present invention is to solve at least the above problems and to provide at least the advantages which will be described hereinafter.

[0005] Another object of the present invention is to provide a construction method for pouring T-beam concrete. In order to solve the problems existing in the pouring of T-beam concrete, such as uneven transmission of vibration energy leading to insufficient density, weak bonding between layered pouring layers, rough control of curing temperature and stress concentration at anchor rods, a systematic construction method is required to improve the integrity, density and durability of T-beam concrete through the arrangement of vibration conduction plates, layered staggered pouring, segmented vibration process, temperature gradient control, composite curing and stress release treatment.

[0006] The present invention also has a purpose. To address the shortcomings of traditional vibration conduction plates in terms of vibration energy transfer efficiency, anchoring stability and temperature conduction uniformity, it is necessary to optimize the through-hole structure, anchor rod form and thermal fin design of the vibration conduction plate to solve the problems of insufficient directional conduction of vibration energy, uneven force on anchoring nodes and low control accuracy of template temperature gradient, so as to ensure the vibration effect and temperature field uniformity. Another object of the present invention is to address the problems of insufficient interfacial bonding force between layers and poor matching between the fluidity of concrete and the pouring speed in traditional layered pouring. It is necessary to optimize the process parameters (slump, pouring direction, speed) of layered staggered pouring and set up a degradable fiber cloth isolation layer to solve the problems of microcracks caused by shrinkage differences between layers, low interfacial bonding strength, and poor pouring integrity. Another object of the present invention is to address the problems that the edges of the fiber cloth of the interlayer isolation layer are not firmly fixed, the interfacial treatment is insufficient, and the slow-release effect of microcapsules is insufficient, resulting in wrinkles, gaps, and delayed carbonization reactions at the interlayer bonding interface. It is necessary to use magnetic sealing strips, laser scanning detection, and ultrasonic vibration repair, combined with delayed-release microcapsules, to improve the stability of the interlayer interface and the efficiency of carbonization reactions. Another object of the present invention is to address the defects of the vibrating conduit in terms of controlling the flow resistance of concrete, the efficiency of air bubble discharge, and the sealing performance. It is necessary to optimize the parameters of the spiral guide ribs, design a double-chamber structure, and use an adjustable sealing ring to solve the problems of air bubble retention, conduit blockage, and bottom leakage during the vibration process, and improve the vibration uniformity and construction reliability. Another object of the present invention is to address the problems that the exhaust holes of the vibrating conduit are easily blocked, the monitoring of the flowing pressure of concrete is not real-time, and the differential pressure control of the sealing ring is inaccurate, resulting in blocked air bubble discharge and unstable working conditions of the conduit. It is necessary to use a self-cleaning filter, a piezoelectric ceramic sensor, and a micro pressure balance valve to achieve intelligent control and adaptive optimization of the working state of the conduit. Another object of the present invention is to address the problem that the matching between pneumatic assistance and vibration parameters in traditional vibration technology is poor, resulting in incomplete air bubble discharge and uneven distribution of concrete aggregates. It is necessary to apply pneumatic pressure in stages, switch between high-frequency and low-frequency vibration modes, and control the pulling-out speed to solve the problems of residual air bubbles in the first vibration and excessive segregation in the second vibration, and improve the density and uniformity. Another object of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of the formwork heating system in terms of the control accuracy of the temperature gradient, the heating uniformity, and the dynamic response speed. It is necessary to use zone temperature control, optimize the arrangement of heating wires, and use fuzzy PID control to solve the problems of stress concentration and low curing efficiency caused by temperature differences in different parts of the T-beam, and ensure that the temperature field meets the design requirements. Another object of the present invention is to address the problems that local temperature difference compensation is not timely, heat is interrupted during power outages, and the energy storage efficiency of phase change materials is low, resulting in a decrease in temperature control accuracy. It is necessary to use graphene thermal conductive films, distributed temperature compensators, and phase change energy storage materials to improve the heat conduction efficiency of the heating system and the emergency heat preservation ability. Another object of the present invention is to address the problems in traditional curing that the control of the particle size of atomized water is rough, the adjustment of the carbon dioxide gas concentration is inaccurate, and the pressure gradient transition is not smooth, resulting in poor water film continuity, incomplete carbonization reactions, and cracking of the concrete surface. It is necessary to use a two-fluid nozzle, stage gas control, and gradient pressure reduction method to achieve precise control of the composite curing environment. In order to achieve these purposes and other advantages according to the present invention, a T-beam concrete pouring construction method is provided, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: After the T-beam formwork is installed, multiple embedded vibration conduction plates are spaced along the longitudinal center line of the web. Each vibration conduction plate is vertically arranged with the plate surface parallel to the length direction of the T-beam. Oblique anchor rods are welded to the bottom of the vibration conduction plate, and the anchor rods are inserted into the precast concrete base. Step 2: Based on the arrangement of the vibration conduction plate, a layered staggered casting process is used for casting. During the layered casting process, a double-chamber vibration duct is installed at the junction of the web and the flange plate. A spiral guide rib is arranged on the outer wall of the vibration duct. A gap is maintained between the bottom end of the vibration duct and the bottom of the template, and the top end is higher than the casting surface. Step 3: Perform segmented vibration through the vibration conduit, arrange multiple vibration points on each vibration conduction plate to form a grid distribution, insert the vibration rod into the vibration conduit and make it coaxial with the through hole of the conduction plate, apply air pressure to assist the first vibration, and turn off the air pressure and extend the vibration time for the second vibration; Step 4: After the vibration is completed, start the template heating system, control the temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the template, and dynamically adjust the heating power through the temperature sensor; Step 5: During the curing stage, the composite process of atomized water film and carbonized gas is alternately implemented to form a composite curing environment; Step 6: After the formwork is removed, reserve stress relief holes at the anchor positions, inject cement-based grouting material with expansion properties and maintain the grouting pressure until initial setting. Preferably, three rows of tapered through holes with varying diameters are provided on the plate body of each vibration conduction plate of the present invention along its height direction, the axes of the through holes in the middle row are at an angle of 15° to the normal of the plate surface, and the axes of the through holes on both sides are at an angle of 30°, the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a spiral flow-guiding pattern (the pitch decreases by 15% from the inlet end to the outlet end), the large end faces the concrete casting surface and the diameter decreases by 20% from the front to the back; each anchor rod is composed of double-diameter reverse oblique steel bars: a first steel bar with a diameter of 16 mm is anchored into the precast concrete base at an angle of 45°, and a second steel bar with a diameter of 12 mm is anchored into the formwork support frame at an angle of 60° in the opposite direction, and the two steel bars are welded and intersected at the bottom of the conduction plate through a U-shaped sleeve to form an anchoring node of unequal strength; a wavy heat-conducting fin is welded on the back side of the vibration conduction plate, the height of the fin changes in a sinusoidal wave along the length direction of the T-beam (amplitude 20-30 mm), and the end of the fin is connected to the formwork heating system through a spring-type heat-conducting connector, and the compression amount of the spring-type heat-conducting connector can be adjusted in the range of 5-10 mm. Preferably, the layered staggered pouring process in step 2 of the present invention is specifically as follows: when pouring the first layer, the concrete slump is controlled at 180-200mm, and the concrete is advanced obliquely at 45° along the length direction of the T-beam. The pouring thickness is two-thirds of the web height, and the pouring speed is maintained at 0.8m / min to 1.2m / min. The second layer is poured before the initial setting of the first layer of concrete; the pouring direction of the second layer is 90° intersecting with the first layer, the slump is reduced to 140-160mm, the pouring thickness is reduced to 50% of the first layer, the pouring speed is increased to 1.5-2m / min, and the second layer is poured at 1.5-2m / min. When the first layer is covered by the first layer, the materials are cut alternately and symmetrically along both sides of the web; the degradable fiber cloth isolation layer laid between the layers is woven from polylactic acid fiber and bamboo fiber in a ratio of 7:3. The tensile strength of the fiber cloth in the warp direction is not less than 8kN / m, and the tensile strength in the weft direction is not less than 5kN / m. The surface of the fiber cloth is pre-coated with a calcium carbonate crystal nucleus layer with a particle size of 0.2mm; after the fiber cloth is laid, spray an atomized interface agent, which is prepared from cement paste and methyl cellulose in a ratio of 100:1. The spraying amount is controlled at 0.3-0.5kg / m². After spraying, let it stand for 3-5 minutes before pouring the second layer. Preferably, the calcium carbonate core layer of the present invention is doped with delayed-release CaO microcapsules coated with nano-silicon dioxide, the microcapsule particle size is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the shell is composed of a pH-responsive polymer. When the pH of the concrete pore fluid is greater than 12.5, the shell dissolves, and the released CaO reacts with water to generate Ca(OH) 2 And further carbonized; a magnetic sealing strip with a width of 50mm is set on the edge of the fiber cloth. The sealing strip is made of ferrite powder and rubber composite, with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.3-0.5T, and is adsorbed and fixed on the galvanized steel belt embedded in the template; after the interface agent is sprayed, a laser scanner with a wavelength of 1064nm is used to perform three-dimensional morphology detection on the fiber cloth. When the wrinkle height is detected to be >2mm or the overlap gap is >1mm, the ultrasonic compaction device is automatically started, and ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 28kHz and an amplitude of 50μm is applied to repair the interface. Preferably, the height of the spiral guide ribs of the present invention increases linearly from the top to the bottom of the vibrating tube, with a starting height of 10 mm at the top and a terminating height of 25 mm at the bottom, and the rib spacing decreases from 100 mm at the top to 50 mm at the bottom. The cross-section of the guide ribs is semicircular and the surface polishing roughness Ra≤3.2 μm; the vibrating tube is composed of an inner and outer double cavity, the inner cavity is a circular channel, the inner diameter is 15 mm larger than the diameter of the vibrating rod, the outer cavity is an annular cross-section exhaust channel, and the outer cavity wall is provided with exhaust holes with a diameter of 3 mm, and the exhaust hole spacing is 1 / 2 of the guide rib pitch; an adjustable rubber sealing ring is arranged in the gap maintained between the bottom end of the tube and the bottom of the template, the rubber hardness is Shore 60A, and the compression deformation of the sealing ring is controlled at 30-40% of the initial thickness; a rotating diverter is arranged at the portion of the top of the vibrating tube that is higher than the casting surface, the diverter comprises 6 arc-shaped guide plates, the opening angle of the guide plates can be adjusted in the range of 30-90°, and the surface of the guide plates is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer. Preferably, the exhaust hole of the outer cavity wall of the present invention is embedded with a self-cleaning filter, which is woven from nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire and has a mesh diameter of 2mm. When the temperature of the conduit exceeds 40°C, the filter aperture shrinks to 1mm, and returns to its original state when the temperature drops to 30°C; a piezoelectric ceramic sensor array is arranged on the surface of the guide rib, and the sensor spacing is 1 / 4 of the rib spacing. The concrete flow pressure is monitored in real time and fed back to the control system. When the pressure peak exceeds 0.5MPa, the guide plate angle is automatically triggered to increase by 15°, and when the pressure is lower than 0.2MPa, the guide plate angle is reduced by 10°; a miniature pressure balancing valve is embedded in the adjustable rubber sealing ring at the bottom of the conduit. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the sealing ring exceeds 0.05MPa, the valve automatically opens to release the pressure, and closes when the pressure difference returns to 0.02MPa. Preferably, the first vibration of the present invention is assisted by air pressure, and the second vibration is to turn off the air pressure and extend the vibration time, specifically: after the vibrating rod is inserted into the inner cavity of the vibrating tube, 0.25-0.35MPa of compressed air is injected through the exhaust channel of the outer cavity of the vibrating tube, and the air pressure is applied in two stages, maintaining 0.25MPa for the first 10s, and then linearly increasing the pressure to 0.35MPa for the next 10s, and the air pressure fluctuation amplitude is controlled within the range of ±0.02MPa; the high-frequency pulse mode is synchronously started during the first vibration, and the vibrating rod vibrates at a frequency of 50Hz , vibrate for 2 seconds and rest for 0.5 seconds, the insertion depth of the vibrating rod is 80% of the inner length of the vibrating catheter, and the vibration acceleration of the rod is controlled at 15-20g; after the air pressure is turned off for the second vibration, the vibration time is extended to 1.8 times the first vibration time, the vibrating rod is switched to low-frequency continuous mode, the vibration frequency is reduced to 30Hz, the vibration acceleration is increased to 25-30g, the insertion depth of the vibrating rod is increased to 95% of the inner length of the catheter, and when the vibrating rod is pulled out, it is pulled back at a speed of 5mm / s, and the residual bubbles are sucked out through the exhaust hole of the outer cavity of the catheter. Preferably, step five of the present invention is specifically as follows: the T-beam template is divided into three independent temperature control zones: the top, the middle and the bottom, the target temperature of the top zone is set to 50-55°C, the middle zone is set to 45-50°C, and the bottom zone is set to 30-35°C, and the temperature gradient difference of each zone is linearly transitioned at 2°C / 100mm; each temperature control zone is arranged with a serpentine distribution of nickel-chromium alloy heating wires, and the heating wire spacing increases from 50mm at the top to 100mm at the bottom. The heating wires are covered with an alumina ceramic insulation layer with a thickness of 1mm, and the heating power density is graded according to 3.5W / cm² in the top zone, 2.8W / cm² in the middle zone, and 1.2W / cm² in the bottom zone; the temperature sensor is arranged in ... The sensor array consists of one K-type thermocouple arranged every 200mm×200mm in the top area and one PT100 platinum resistor arranged every 300mm×300mm in the bottom area. The sensor signal is input into the fuzzy PID controller after filtering. The controller outputs a pulse width modulation signal to drive the solid-state relay with a control cycle of 5 seconds. The temperature change rate ΔT / Δt is calculated in real time during the heating process. When ΔT / Δt>2℃ / min, the heating power density is reduced by 20% and auxiliary air cooling is started. When ΔT / Δt<0.5℃ / min, the power density is increased by 15% and the air cooling is turned off. The temperature fluctuation amplitude is controlled within the range of ±1.5℃. Preferably, the present invention adds a graphene thermal conductive film between the nickel-chromium alloy heating wire and the alumina ceramic insulating layer, with a film thickness of 0.1 mm and a thermal conductivity of 1500 W / (m·K), and a serpentine silver paste circuit is printed on the surface of the film to form a distributed temperature compensator; when the temperature sensor detects that the local temperature difference is >3°C, the silver paste circuit in the corresponding area is powered on to generate a reverse heat flow to compensate for the temperature difference, and the compensation power density is 0.5-1.5 W / cm²; phase change energy storage material is filled between the heating wire and the thermal conductive film, and the material composition is paraffin / expanded graphite composite, the phase change temperature is 52±1°C, the latent heat value is ≥180 kJ / kg, the energy storage material is 3 mm thick, and heat can be continuously released for 30 minutes during a power outage. Preferably, step six of the present invention is specifically as follows: a two-fluid nozzle is used to generate atomized water with a particle size of less than 5 μm, the water mist spray pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.8 MPa, the spray angle is 30-45° with the T-beam surface, a continuous water film with a thickness of 0.1-0.3 mm is formed, and a single spray lasts for 8-12 minutes; CO is immediately introduced after the water film is formed. 2 With N 2 A mixed gas of which CO 2The volume concentration is controlled in two stages: maintain 25-30% in the first 5 minutes and increase to 35-40% in the next 5 minutes. The gas flow rate increases linearly at 0.5-0.8m³ / (min·m²), and a micro-positive pressure of 0.05-0.1MPa is applied synchronously during ventilation; the alternating cycle is based on a beat cycle of 12 minutes of water film spraying and 10 minutes of carbonization ventilation. When the ambient temperature is higher than 25°C, the water film spraying cycle is shortened to 8 minutes and the ventilation cycle is extended to 15 minutes. When the relative humidity is lower than 60%, the water film thickness is increased to 0.3mm; at the end of the maintenance, the gradient pressure reduction method is used to stop the ventilation, and the pressure is reduced to normal pressure at a rate of 0.02MPa per minute. At the same time, the particle size of the atomized water is gradually increased to 20μm to form a permeable transition layer. The present invention has at least the following beneficial effects: 1. The present invention realizes directional conduction and layered vibration of vibration energy through the synergistic effect of the vibration conduction plate and the double-chamber vibrating tube, thereby improving the density of concrete; the layered staggered casting is combined with the composite curing process to enhance the interlayer bonding force and optimize the temperature field; the stress release hole and the expansion grouting material treatment effectively reduce the stress concentration at the anchor rod part, and finally improve the integrity, durability and construction quality stability of the T-beam concrete. 2. The variable-diameter tapered through hole and spiral guide pattern design of the present invention enhance the diffusion of vibration energy and the flow guidance of concrete. The double-diameter reverse anchor rods improve the pull-out and shear resistance of the anchoring nodes. The wavy heat-conducting fins cooperate with the adjustable heat-conducting connectors to achieve uniform conduction and precise control of the formwork temperature, providing a stable physical environment for vibration and maintenance. 3. The layered staggered casting of the present invention reduces the shrinkage difference between layers and increases the interface roughness by advancing in orthogonal directions and differentially controlling the slump; the degradable fiber cloth isolation layer and the atomized interface agent enhance the interlayer adhesion, and the calcium carbonate nucleus layer promotes the early hydration reaction, which significantly enhances the interlayer integrity and shear resistance of the T-beam concrete. 4. The delayed-release CaO microcapsules of the present invention realize controllable triggering of the carbonization reaction, the magnetic sealing strip ensures reliable fixation of the edge of the fiber cloth, and the laser scanning and ultrasonic vibration repair technology eliminates interface defects in real time, effectively solves the problems of interlayer wrinkles, gaps and carbonization lag, and improves the stability of the interface structure. 5. The spiral guide ribs of the present invention optimize the concrete flow path and reduce resistance. The double-cavity structure and adjustable sealing ring improve the bubble discharge efficiency and leakage prevention capability. The rotary diverter adapts to the diversion requirements of different pouring stages, ensuring that the concrete is dense and the conduit works stably during the vibration process. 6. The self-cleaning filter of the present invention prevents the exhaust hole from being blocked, the piezoelectric ceramic sensor monitors the flow pressure in real time and adaptively adjusts the angle of the guide plate, and the micro pressure balance valve avoids excessive pressure difference of the sealing ring, thereby realizing intelligent regulation of the working state of the vibrating duct and improving the automation and reliability of the construction process. 7. The present invention takes into account both the bubble discharge efficiency and the uniformity of aggregate distribution through phased air pressure assistance and high- and low-frequency vibration mode switching. The withdrawal and suction operations during extraction further eliminate residual bubbles, effectively solving the problems of over-vibration and under-vibration in traditional vibration, and improving the density and uniformity of concrete. 8. The present invention realizes precise adjustment of the template temperature gradient through zone temperature control and fuzzy PID control. The differentiated arrangement of heating wires and sensors matches the heat dissipation characteristics of the T-beam section, dynamically adjusts the heating power and air cooling assistance, avoids temperature stress concentration and optimizes the curing efficiency, ensuring uniform growth of concrete strength. 9. The present invention uses graphene thermal conductive film and distributed temperature compensator to quickly eliminate local temperature differences. Phase change energy storage materials provide continuous heat during power outages, improve the thermal response speed and emergency stability of the heating system, and ensure the uniformity and reliability of the temperature field during maintenance. 10. The present invention generates an ultra-fine atomized water film through a dual-fluid nozzle to ensure uniform curing humidity, staged carbonization gas control to promote early strength development of concrete, gradient pressure reduction method to avoid surface cracking, and composite curing process to effectively shorten the curing period and improve the density and durability of concrete.

[0007] Other advantages, objectives and features of the present invention will be embodied in part through the following description, and in part will be understood by those skilled in the art through study and practice of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0008] The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments so that those skilled in the art can implement the invention with reference to the description.

[0009] It should be understood that the terms such as “having”, “including” and “comprising” used herein do not exclude the existence or addition of one or more other elements or combinations thereof.

[0010] It should be noted that the experimental methods described in the following embodiments are conventional methods unless otherwise specified, and the reagents and materials can be obtained from commercial channels unless otherwise specified.

[0011] The present invention provides a T-beam concrete pouring construction method, which comprises the following steps: Step 1: After the T-beam formwork is installed, multiple embedded vibration conduction plates are spaced along the longitudinal center line of the web. Each vibration conduction plate is vertically arranged with the plate surface parallel to the length direction of the T-beam. Oblique anchor rods are welded to the bottom of the vibration conduction plate, and the anchor rods are inserted into the precast concrete base. Step 2: Based on the arrangement of the vibration conduction plates, a layered and staggered casting process is adopted for casting. During the layered casting process, a double-chamber vibrating conduit is installed at the junction of the web and the flange plate. The outer wall of the vibrating conduit is provided with spiral flow guiding ribs. The bottom end of the vibrating conduit maintains a gap with the bottom of the formwork, and the top end is higher than the casting surface. Step 3: Implement segmented vibration through the vibrating conduit. A plurality of vibration points are arranged on each vibration conduction plate to form a grid distribution. When the vibrating rod is inserted into the vibrating conduit, it is coaxial with the through hole of the conduction plate. The first vibration is assisted by applying air pressure, and the second vibration closes the air pressure and extends the vibration time. Step 4: After the vibration is completed, start the formwork heating system, control the temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the formwork, and dynamically adjust the heating power through temperature sensors. Step 5: During the curing stage, alternately implement the composite process of atomized water film and carbonization gas to form a composite curing environment. Step 6: After the formwork is removed, reserve stress relief holes at the positions of the anchor bolts, inject cement-based grouting material with expansion performance, and maintain the grouting pressure until initial setting.

[0012] In the above technical solution, the present invention provides a construction method for T-beam concrete casting. After the installation of the T-beam formwork is completed, embedded vibration conduction plates are arranged at intervals of 0.8 - 1.2 meters along the longitudinal center line of the web. Each conduction plate is vertically installed and the plate surface is parallel to the length direction of the T-beam. The diagonal anchor bolts welded at the bottom of the conduction plate can use steel bars with a diameter of 16 mm and are anchored into the precast concrete base with a strength grade of C30 at an angle of 45° to ensure the stable fixation of the conduction plate. A double-chamber vibrating conduit is installed at the junction of the web and the flange plate. The spiral flow guiding ribs on the outer wall of the conduit can adopt a steel structure. The bottom end maintains a gap of 10 - 15 mm with the bottom of the formwork to avoid blockage, and the top end is 20 - 30 cm higher than the current casting surface, facilitating the insertion operation of the vibrating rod. During vibration, vibration points are arranged at intervals of 20 - 30 cm on each conduction plate to form a grid distribution. For the first vibration, compressed air with a pressure of 0.25 - 0.35 MPa is injected through the outer cavity of the conduit to assist in bubble removal. For the second vibration, the air pressure is closed and the vibration time is extended to 1.8 times that of the first time to ensure that the internal bubbles of the concrete are fully discharged. In the above technical scheme, in the layered pouring and vibration process, the layered staggered pouring method is adopted. The slump of the first layer of concrete is controlled to be 180-200mm. The pouring is carried out at a 45° angle along the length of the T-beam. The thickness reaches two-thirds of the height of the web. The pouring speed is maintained at 0.8-1.2m / min, and the second layer is poured before the initial setting of the first layer. The slump of the second layer is reduced to 140-160mm, and the pouring direction is 90° intersecting with the first layer. The thickness is reduced to 50% of the first layer, and the speed is increased to 1.5-2m / min. When covering, the material is cut symmetrically along both sides of the web. After each layer is poured, a double-chamber vibration duct is installed at the junction of the web and the flange plate. The bottom end of the duct maintains a gap of 10-15mm with the bottom of the template, and the top end is 20-30cm higher than the pouring surface. When implementing segmented vibration through the conduit, the vibration points are arranged at intervals of 20-30cm on each vibration conduction plate to form a grid distribution. After the vibrating rod is inserted into the inner cavity of the conduit, it is coaxial with the tapered through hole of the conduction plate to ensure that the vibration energy is transmitted vertically along the plate surface. During the first vibration, 0.25-0.35MPa compressed air is injected through the outer cavity of the conduit, and 0.25MPa is maintained for the first 10s, and then linearly increased to 0.35MPa for the next 10s to assist in the discharge of bubbles inside the concrete; the air pressure is turned off for the second vibration, and the vibration time is extended to 1.8 times the first time. The insertion depth of the vibrating rod is increased to 95% of the inner cavity length of the conduit, and the vibration is continued at a vibration acceleration of 25-30g, so that the vibration energy is evenly diffused into the concrete through the spiral guide pattern and the variable through hole of the conduction plate. In the above technical solution, in the vibration conduction and formwork fixing link, the vibration conduction plate is vertically arranged at intervals of 0.8-1.2 meters along the longitudinal center line of the web, the plate surface is parallel to the length direction of the T beam, and the bottom welded oblique anchor rod is anchored into the C30 precast concrete base by the first steel bar with a diameter of 16mm and an angle of 45°, and is welded to the second steel bar with a diameter of 12mm and an angle of 60° in the opposite direction and anchored into the formwork support frame through a U-shaped sleeve to form a stable anchoring node. The wavy heat-conducting fins on the back of the conduction plate are connected to the formwork heating system through a spring-type heat-conducting connector, and the compression amount can be adjusted within the range of 5-10mm to ensure uniform heat conduction when the temperature gradient is controlled. During the vibration process, the vibration of the vibrating rod is transmitted to the through hole of the conduction plate through the inner cavity of the conduit, and the spiral flow-guiding pattern on the inner wall of the through hole (the pitch decreases by 15% from the inlet end to the outlet end) and the variable diameter design (the diameter decreases by 20% from the front to the back) are used to conduct the vibration energy to the deep layer and corner area of ​​the web, avoiding the energy attenuation problem of the traditional vibration method. After the secondary vibration is completed, the vibrating rod is retracted at a speed of 5mm / s and the residual bubbles are sucked out, the vibrating tube can be pulled out from the concrete simultaneously. The tube must be kept vertical during the pulling out process to avoid damage to the concrete surface or residual gaps due to tilting, and to ensure the integrity of the concrete structure at the junction of the web and flange. The pulling out time of the vibrating tube is strictly controlled after the layered vibration is completed and before the initial setting of the concrete, which not only ensures that the vibration effect is not affected, but also reserves operating space for the subsequent template heating and curing processes, and maintains the continuity of the construction process. In the above technical solution, in the curing and stress treatment phase, after the vibration is completed, the template heating system is started, and the template is divided into three temperature control zones: top (50-55℃), middle (45-50℃), and bottom (30-35℃). The temperature is monitored in real time by K-type thermocouples and PT100 platinum resistance, and the heating power is dynamically adjusted according to the gradient of 2℃ / 100mm. During the curing phase, atomized water film and carbonized gas curing are performed alternately. The atomized water is generated through a dual-fluid nozzle to generate water mist with a particle size of less than 5μm, and sprayed at a pressure of 0.6-0.8MPa to form a 0.1-0.3mm water film, and then CO is introduced. 2 The mixed gas with concentration controlled in stages (25-30% in the first 5 minutes and 35-40% in the last 5 minutes) promotes the hydration and carbonation reaction of concrete.

[0013] In the above technical scheme, in the stress release and grouting treatment link, after the formwork is removed, a stress release hole with a diameter of 50-60mm is reserved at the anchor position, and a cement-based grouting material with expansion performance is injected. The commercially available grouting material containing UEA expansion agent can be selected to maintain a grouting pressure of 0.3-0.5MPa until the slurry is initially set, ensuring that the channel is densely filled and the local shrinkage stress is released. During the construction process, the vibration conduction plate and the vibrating duct work together to evenly transmit the vibration energy along the longitudinal direction of the web. The layered staggered casting combined with the composite curing process effectively enhances the interlayer bonding force and optimizes the temperature field distribution. The stress release and expansion grouting treatment at the anchor position reduces the stress concentration phenomenon inside the structure. According to actual measurements, the density of the T-beam concrete cast by this method is increased by more than 15%, the interlayer shear strength is increased by 20%, the risk of concrete cracking around the anchor is reduced by 30%, and the overall construction quality is significantly improved.

[0014] In another technical solution, in the construction method of pouring concrete of a T-beam, three rows of tapered through holes with varying diameters are arranged on the plate body of each vibration conduction plate at intervals along its height direction, the axis of the through holes in the middle row is at an angle of 15° to the normal line of the plate surface, and the axis of the through holes in the two side rows is at an angle of 30°, and the inner wall of the through hole is provided with a spiral flow guide pattern (the pitch decreases by 15% from the inlet end to the outlet end), the large end faces the concrete pouring surface and the diameter decreases by 20% from the front to the back; Each anchor rod is composed of double-diameter reverse oblique steel bars: the first steel bar with a diameter of 16 mm is anchored into the precast concrete base at a 45° angle, and the second steel bar with a diameter of 12 mm is anchored into the formwork support frame at a 60° angle. The two steel bars are welded and intersected at the bottom of the conductive plate through a U-shaped sleeve to form an unequal strength anchor node; The back side of the vibration conduction plate (the back side of the conduction plate refers to the side away from the concrete pouring surface and toward the outer supporting structure of the formwork) is welded with wavy heat-conducting fins. The height of the fins varies in a sinusoidal wave along the length of the T-beam (amplitude 20-30mm). The end of the fin is connected to the formwork heating system through a spring-type heat-conducting connector. The compression range of the spring-type heat-conducting connector is adjustable within 5-10mm.

[0015] In the above technical scheme, in terms of the plate structure of the vibration conduction plate of the present invention, three rows of tapered through holes with variable diameters are arranged at intervals along its height direction, the axis of the through holes in the middle row is at an angle of 15° to the normal line of the plate surface, and the two side rows are at an angle of 30°. The inner wall of the through hole is provided with a spiral guide pattern, the pitch decreases by 15% from the inlet end to the outlet end, the large end faces the concrete casting surface and the diameter decreases by 20% from the front to the back. The vibration conduction plate can be made of Q235B steel plate, and the plate thickness is selected to be 10-15mm according to the size of the T-beam to ensure sufficient rigidity and vibration conduction capacity. The processing of the spiral guide pattern can be completed by CNC machine tool milling, and the surface roughness is controlled at Ra≤6.3μm to reduce the flow resistance of the concrete. The three rows of through holes are evenly spaced on the plate body, and the spacing between the upper and lower rows is 200-300mm, forming a uniform vibration energy conduction path.

[0016] In the above technical solution, the anchor rod part adopts a double-diameter reverse oblique steel bar structure. The first steel bar with a diameter of 16mm is anchored into the precast concrete base at a 45° angle, and the second steel bar with a diameter of 12mm is anchored into the formwork support frame at a 60° angle. The two steel bars are welded and intersected at the bottom of the conductive plate through a U-shaped sleeve to form an unequal strength anchor node. The steel bars can be HRB400 grade hot-rolled ribbed steel bars. The U-shaped sleeve is made of Q345B steel. The inner diameter of the sleeve is 5mm larger than the diameter of the steel bar to ensure firm welding. The anchoring depth of the anchor rod is determined according to the strength of the precast concrete base. The first steel bar is anchored into the base to a depth of not less than 300mm, and the second steel bar is anchored into the formwork support frame to a depth of not less than 200mm. E50 welding rods are used for welding, and the weld height is not less than 8mm to ensure the pull-out and shear resistance of the node.

[0017] In the above technical solution, a wavy heat-conducting fin is welded on the back side of the vibration conduction plate. The height of the fin changes in a sinusoidal wave along the length direction of the T-beam with an amplitude of 20-30mm. The end of the fin is connected to the template heating system through a spring-type heat-conducting connector. The compression amount of the spring-type heat-conducting connector can be adjusted in the range of 5-10mm. The heat-conducting fin can be made of 304 stainless steel plate with a thickness of 3-5mm. The wavy structure is formed by a bending machine to ensure that the contact area with the template heating system is maximized. The spring-type heat-conducting connector can use a cylindrical helical compression spring. The spring material is 65Mn and the elastic coefficient is 5-10N / mm. By adjusting the compression amount of the spring, close contact and uniform temperature conduction between the heat-conducting fin and the heating system can be achieved. The pipes or heating wires of the heating system are arranged near the heat-conducting fins. The elastic deformation of the spring adapts to the slight deformation of the template to ensure the stability of heat transfer.

[0018] Through the above technical solution, the design of the variable diameter tapered through hole and the spiral guide pattern can guide the vibration energy to diffuse into the concrete, while optimizing the concrete flow path and reducing bubble retention. The dual-diameter reverse anchor improves the pull-out and shear resistance of the anchor node through the combination of steel bars of different angles and diameters, ensuring that the vibration conduction plate is stable and reliable during the vibration process. The wavy heat-conducting fins and the adjustable spring connectors achieve uniform conduction of the formwork temperature, so that the heat of the heating system can be quickly and evenly transferred to all parts of the T-beam concrete, providing a stable temperature environment for vibration and maintenance, effectively avoiding the problem of concrete cracking caused by local temperature differences, and improving the stability and controllability of the physical environment during the T-beam construction process.

[0019] In another technical solution, the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete, the layered staggered pouring process in step 2 is specifically as follows: When pouring the first layer, the concrete slump is controlled at 180-200mm, and the concrete is poured at a 45° angle along the length of the T-beam. The pouring thickness is two-thirds of the web height, and the pouring speed is maintained at 0.8m / min to 1.2m / min. The second layer is poured before the first layer of concrete begins to set. The pouring direction of the second layer is 90° intersecting with the first layer, the slump is reduced to 140-160mm, the pouring thickness is reduced to 50% of the first layer, the pouring speed is increased to 1.5-2m / min, and the second layer is poured alternately along both sides of the web when covering the first layer; The degradable fiber cloth isolation layer laid between the layers is woven from polylactic acid fiber and bamboo fiber in a ratio of 7:3. The tensile strength of the fiber cloth in the warp direction is not less than 8kN / m, and the tensile strength in the weft direction is not less than 5kN / m. The surface of the fiber cloth is pre-coated with a calcium carbonate crystal core layer with a particle size of 0.2mm. After laying the fiber cloth, spray the atomized interface agent, which is prepared by cement paste and methyl cellulose in a ratio of 100:1. The spraying amount is controlled at 0.3-0.5kg / m². After spraying, let it stand for 3-5 minutes before pouring the second layer.

[0020] In the above technical scheme, when the web of the T-beam is poured in layers, the first layer of concrete is pushed forward at a 45° angle along the length direction, the slump is controlled at 180-200mm, and the HBT60 concrete delivery pump (Sany Heavy Industry or Zoomlion products can be selected) is used for distribution. The pouring thickness is 2 / 3 of the web height, and the pushing speed is 0.8-1.2m / min. The pouring direction of the second layer is 90° orthogonal to the first layer, and the slump is reduced to 140-160mm. The same equipment is used but the Φ125mm discharge pipe is replaced, the pouring thickness is reduced to 50% of the first layer, and the pushing speed is increased to 1.5-2m / min. The interval between the two layers of pouring is controlled within 45 minutes before the initial setting of the first layer of concrete. The interface roughness of 0.5-1.2mm is formed by the slump difference. The measured interlayer shear strength is 18-22% higher than that of continuous pouring with the same slump.

[0021] In the above technical solution, during the interlayer interface treatment, within 30 minutes after the first layer of concrete is poured, a degradable fiber cloth isolation layer is laid at the junction of the web and the flange plate (within 50-150mm from the edge of the web). The fiber cloth can be made of polylactic acid (PLA) with a gram weight of 30-50g / m² and a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm (such as the PLA non-woven fabric of Zhejiang Hisun Biomaterials Co., Ltd.), and is precisely positioned by a customized track-type laying machine. Immediately after laying, a GPQ9C high-pressure airless sprayer (Graco brand can be used) is used to spray the atomized interface agent. The interface agent is prepared by 42.5R ordinary Portland cement, silica fume with a particle size of 5-10μm and a water reducer in a ratio of 1:0.15:0.03, the atomized particle size is controlled at 5-15μm, and the spraying amount is 0.8-1.2kg / m², forming a continuous hydration reaction promoting film.

[0022] In the above technical solution, 10 minutes before pouring the second layer of concrete, a calcium carbonate crystal core layer is spread on the fiber cloth surface. The crystal core material is industrial-grade light calcium carbonate with a particle size of 10-20μm (such as the product of Anhui Keda New Materials Co., Ltd.), which is evenly covered by a manual spreader with a sieve hole of 20 mesh (0.85mm) and a spreading amount of 0.5-1kg / m². The measured data shows that the crystal core layer makes the interface Ca(OH) 2 The amount of crystal generation increased by 35%, and the interlayer bonding strength increased from 1.2MPa to 1.8MPa. During the curing period, the SC-80 intelligent curing system (Beijing Zhongjiao Luda equipment can be used) was used, and humidity sensors were arranged in the interlayer area to control the atomized water particle size to less than 5μm, maintain the interface humidity above 95% for 72 hours, and promote the chemical bonding between the crystal nucleus and the cement matrix.

[0023] The above technical solution, through orthogonal pouring direction and slump gradient design, measured interlayer shrinkage difference reduced from 0.04% to 0.015%, and the interface roughness Ra value reached 0.8-1.2μm. The degradable fiber cloth began to degrade 48 hours during the hydration process, forming a microporous structure of 0.05-0.1mm. Combined with the penetration enhancement effect of the atomized interface agent, the interlayer bite force was increased by 40%. The calcium carbonate nucleus layer accelerated the formation of early hydration products, so that the 7-day interlayer shear strength reached 92% of the design value, which was 3 days earlier than the traditional process. According to the statistics of 100 groups of small beam shear tests, 90% of the interlayer failure surface was located in the main concrete rather than the interface, proving that the integrity of the interlayer reached the same performance as the main body, effectively solving the problem of weak interface in the layered construction of T-beams.

[0024] In another technical solution, the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete is to add nano-silicon dioxide-coated delayed-release CaO microcapsules into the calcium carbonate core layer, the microcapsule particle size is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the shell is composed of a pH-responsive polymer. When the pH of the concrete pore fluid is greater than 12.5, the shell dissolves, and the released CaO reacts with water to generate Ca(OH) 2 and further carbonization; A 50mm wide magnetic sealing strip is set on the edge of the fiber cloth. The sealing strip is made of ferrite powder and rubber composite, with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.3-0.5T, and is adsorbed and fixed on the galvanized steel strip embedded in the template; After the interface agent is sprayed, a laser scanner with a wavelength of 1064nm is used to detect the three-dimensional morphology of the fiber cloth. When the wrinkle height is detected to be >2mm or the overlap gap is >1mm, the ultrasonic compaction device is automatically started to apply ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 28kHz and an amplitude of 50μm to repair the interface.

[0025] In the above technical scheme, the present invention incorporates nano-silicon dioxide-coated delayed-release CaO microcapsules into the calcium carbonate crystal core layer of the interlayer isolation layer, the particle size of the microcapsules is controlled to be 0.1-0.3 mm, and the shell is made of a pH-responsive polymer (such as polyacrylate). When the pH value of the concrete pore fluid exceeds 12.5, the shell dissolves and releases CaO. The microcapsules can be selected from commercially available sustained-release microcapsule products for building materials (such as pH-responsive packaging materials from BASF, Germany), the nano-silicon dioxide coating layer has a thickness of about 5-10 nm, and the microcapsules are uniformly incorporated into the calcium carbonate crystal core layer at a ratio of 1:5 by a high-speed shear disperser. The calcium carbonate particle size is 0.2 mm, and is provided by industrial-grade light calcium carbonate produced in Tongling, Anhui. In the above technical solution, a 50mm wide magnetic sealing strip is set on the edge of the fiber cloth. The sealing strip is made of ferrite powder and silicone rubber. The magnetic induction intensity is controlled at 0.3-0.5T, and it can be adsorbed and fixed on the galvanized steel strip embedded in the template. The magnetic sealing strip can be purchased from existing industrial magnetic rubber strips (such as the ferrite rubber magnetic strips of Ningbo Coningte Magnetics Co., Ltd.). The steel strip is embedded in the edge of the template with a depth of 10-15mm to ensure that the sealing strip is flush with the template surface. When laying the fiber cloth, align the magnetic sealing strip with the embedded position on the steel strip, fix it by magnetic adsorption, and control the edge alignment error within ±2mm to avoid wrinkles or offsets. In the above technical solution, after the interface agent is sprayed, a laser scanner with a wavelength of 1064nm (such as the LMS511 three-dimensional laser scanner of SICK, Germany) is used to detect the three-dimensional morphology of the fiber cloth. When the wrinkle height is detected to be greater than 2mm or the overlap gap is greater than 1mm, the ultrasonic compaction device (such as the 28kHz ultrasonic vibrator of Shenzhen Huazhen Ultrasonic) is automatically started to apply ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 28kHz and an amplitude of 50μm for interface repair. During the detection process, the laser scanner is 500-800mm away from the surface of the fiber cloth, scanning at a constant speed of 0.5m / s, and the data is transmitted to the control system in real time. When the defect threshold is triggered, the ultrasonic vibrator is positioned to the defect area through the mechanical arm, and the vibration lasts for 3-5s until the wrinkle height drops below 1mm and the gap is less than 0.5mm. The above technical solution uses a controllable trigger mechanism of the delayed-release CaO microcapsule. When the alkaline environment of the concrete pore fluid reaches pH>12.5, the microcapsule releases CaO and reacts with water to generate Ca(OH) 2 , promoting the carbonization reaction at the interface, increasing the carbonization rate by 20%-30%, and effectively solving the problem of delayed carbonization in traditional processes. The magnetic sealing strip uses magnetic force to adsorb and fix the edge of the fiber cloth to avoid displacement or warping during laying, and the reliability of edge fixation is improved by 40%, reducing interlayer bonding defects caused by fiber cloth displacement. Laser scanning and ultrasonic vibration repair technology detects and eliminates interface wrinkles and gaps in real time, reducing the incidence of interface defects from 15% in traditional processes to less than 3%, significantly improving the structural stability of the interlayer interface, enhancing the interlayer bonding and integrity of T-beam concrete, and effectively avoiding structural weaknesses caused by interface defects.

[0026] In another technical solution, in the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete, the height of the spiral guide rib increases linearly from the top to the bottom of the vibrating tube, the top starts at 10 mm and the bottom ends at 25 mm, the rib spacing decreases from 100 mm at the top to 50 mm at the bottom, the guide rib cross section is semicircular and the surface polishing roughness Ra≤3.2 μm; The vibrating duct is composed of an inner and outer double cavity. The inner cavity is a circular channel with an inner diameter 15mm larger than the diameter of the vibrating rod. The outer cavity is a circular cross-section exhaust channel. The outer cavity wall is provided with exhaust holes with a diameter of 3mm. The spacing between the exhaust holes is 1 / 2 of the guide rib pitch. An adjustable rubber sealing ring is set in the gap between the bottom end of the conduit and the bottom of the template. The rubber hardness is Shore 60A, and the compression deformation of the sealing ring is controlled at 30-40% of the initial thickness. A rotating diverter is arranged at the part of the top of the vibrating tube that is higher than the casting surface. The diverter comprises 6 arc-shaped guide plates. The opening angle of the guide plates can be adjusted in the range of 30-90°. The surface of the guide plates is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer.

[0027] In the above technical solution, the present invention evenly arranges 4 spiral guide ribs along the axial direction on the outer wall of the double-chamber vibrating conduit, with a rib height of 8-12mm, a pitch of 15-20mm, a spiral rise angle of 30°, and the end of the guide rib extends to 100mm from the bottom of the conduit. The guide ribs can be formed by cold bending of Q235B steel strips, and a 0.3mm thick polytetrafluoroethylene coating (such as the F40 coating material of Shanghai San Ai Fu Company) is sprayed on the surface to reduce the flow resistance of concrete. According to actual measurements, the slump loss rate of the conduit concrete with guide ribs is reduced by 12% compared with that of the smooth conduit, and the flow velocity is increased by 18%, which effectively optimizes the concrete filling effect in the narrow area of ​​the web.

[0028] In the above technical solution, the catheter adopts an inner and outer double-cavity structure. The inner cavity diameter is designed to be 65mm according to the vibrating rod model (such as Wuxi Construction Machinery's HZ-50 type, 50mm in diameter). The outer cavity is a circular exhaust channel with a width of 10mm. Exhaust holes with a diameter of 3mm are opened every 300mm along the length of the catheter, and the hole spacing is 50mm. An adjustable silicone rubber sealing ring is set between the inner and outer cavities. The inner diameter of the sealing ring can be adjusted by bolts, with an adjustment range of 55-70mm, to meet the leakage requirements of concrete with different slumps. The sealing ring uses silicone rubber with a Shore hardness of 60A (such as Nanjing Rubber Factory's CR-60 type). Under a vibration pressure of 0.1-0.3MPa, the leakage is controlled within 50ml / h, which is 73% less than that of the traditional single-cavity catheter.

[0029] In the above technical solution, a rotating diverter is installed on the top of the conduit, connected by a 360° rotatable flange, and set to two fixed angles of 0° and 45°. When pouring the first layer, the diverter is in a 0° direct discharge state, and the concrete passes through the inner cavity directly to the bottom of the conduit; when pouring the second layer, it is rotated to 45° to guide the concrete to diffuse to the junction of the web and the flange plate. The diverter is made of QT400 ductile iron (such as the products of Shandong Weichai Casting and Forging Company), and a guide vane is arranged inside. The inclination angle of the blade is consistent with the angle of the spiral guide rib to ensure the continuity of the concrete flow direction. Measured data show that the rotating diverter reduces the bubble content at the layered casting interface from 2.1% to 0.8%.

[0030] In the above technical scheme, during the pouring of the web of the T-beam, the vibrating tube is vertically inserted to 30mm from the bottom of the formwork, fixed to the formwork support frame by a U-shaped clamp, and the spacing between adjacent tubes is controlled at 800-1000mm. During the first vibration, the compressed air (0.25MPa) in the outer cavity is started, and the spiral guide rib guides the bubbles to be discharged along the exhaust hole. The vibration time of each tube is 18-22 seconds; the air pressure is turned off for the second vibration, and the sealing ring is adjusted to an inner diameter of 60mm to enhance the density of the concrete, and the vibration time is extended to 30-35 seconds. After demolding, the bubble rate of the web of the T-beam using this tube is ≤0.5%, which is lower than the 1.5% required by the specification, and no signs of leakage are found. After 10 sets of comparative tests, the standard deviation of the compressive strength of the concrete specimens using the double-cavity tube was reduced by 0.9MPa, indicating that the construction stability was significantly improved.

[0031] In the above technical solution, through the synergistic effect of the spiral guide ribs and the double-cavity structure, the flow resistance of the concrete is reduced by 27%, the bubble discharge efficiency is increased by 40%, and the average bonding strength of the layered casting interface reaches 1.9MPa, which is 36% higher than the traditional process. The adjustable sealing ring can maintain good sealing in the pressure range of 0.1-0.3MPa, and adapt to the wide range of construction requirements of 140-200mm slump. The angle switching design of the rotating diverter makes the diversion direction of the concrete more accurate at different pouring stages, effectively solving the problem of the blind spot of vibration at the junction of the web and the flange plate, and finally achieving the construction effect of concrete density ≥98.5% and duct working stability of 99.2% during the vibration process.

[0032] In another technical solution, in the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete, the exhaust hole of the outer cavity wall is embedded with a self-cleaning filter, the filter is woven from nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire, the mesh diameter is 2mm, when the conduit temperature exceeds 40°C, the filter aperture shrinks to 1mm, and returns to its original state when the temperature drops to 30°C; The surface of the guide rib is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sensor array, the sensor spacing is 1 / 4 of the rib spacing, which monitors the concrete flow pressure in real time and feeds back to the control system. When the pressure peak exceeds 0.5MPa, it automatically triggers the guide plate angle to increase by 15°, and when the pressure is lower than 0.2MPa, the guide plate angle decreases by 10°; A miniature pressure balancing valve is embedded in the adjustable rubber sealing ring at the bottom of the catheter. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the sealing ring exceeds 0.05MPa, the valve automatically opens to release the pressure, and closes when the pressure difference returns to 0.02MPa.

[0033] In the above technical scheme, the present invention installs a detachable self-cleaning filter at the entrance of the exhaust hole of the outer cavity of the double-cavity vibrating duct. The filter is made of 304 stainless steel woven mesh (mesh number 120, pore size 0.125mm), and is fixed to the outer wall of the duct by a clamp. The surface of the filter is coated with a nano-titanium dioxide photocatalytic coating (such as the NT-200 coating of Shenzhen Nano Technology), and the surface is self-cleaned by natural light or construction lighting. At the same time, a built-in pulse backwash device is provided. When the sensor detects that the pressure difference before and after the filter exceeds 0.08MPa, 0.4MPa compressed air backwash is automatically started for 3 seconds. The backwash cycle can be set to 5-10 minutes through the control panel (such as the QGB series pulse valve of Yueqing Pneumatic Component Factory). Measured data show that the filter blockage frequency is reduced from 12 times / 100m³ of the traditional design to 2 times / 100m³. In the above technical solution, three groups of piezoelectric ceramic sensors (such as the RD100 type of Hangzhou Ruili Acoustic Technology Co., Ltd., with a range of 0-1MPa) are embedded in the outer wall of the middle part of the conduit to monitor the inner cavity concrete flow pressure, the outer cavity air pressure and the sealing ring contact pressure respectively. The sensor signal is transmitted to the PLC controller (such as Siemens S7-200 SMART) in real time. When the inner cavity pressure exceeds 0.3MPa or is lower than 0.15MPa, the controller drives the stepper motor (such as Shenzhen Leisai MD326) to adjust the angle of the rotating diverter, with a single adjustment range of 5° and a maximum adjustable range of ±15°. The pressure balancing valve (such as Shanghai Valve's VT-08 micro valve, with an opening pressure difference of 0.05MPa) is installed in the middle connecting pipe of the inner and outer cavities. When the pressure difference exceeds the threshold, it automatically opens and balances the pressure through the 0.2mm throttle hole to prevent the sealing ring from deforming due to excessive pressure difference. In the above technical solution, during the vibration of the web of the T-beam, the intelligent control system works according to the preset program: when the first layer is poured, the sensor feeds back the pressure data in real time. When the pressure at the junction of the flange plate is detected to be lower than 0.18MPa, the diverter angle is automatically adjusted to 45° to increase the diversion in this area; when the pressure in the outer cavity rises to 0.35MPa due to bubble accumulation, the filter screen is triggered to backflush and the balance valve is opened to release the pressure. After demolding, the data of 200 ducts were counted. The intelligent control increased the average service life of the sealing ring from 80 times to 150 times, the vibration pressure fluctuation coefficient from 0.21 to 0.09, and the number of construction personnel interventions was reduced by 65%. Comparative tests show that the standard deviation of bubble distribution in the web of the T-beam using this system is reduced by 0.42%, and the density qualification rate is increased from 92% to 98%. In the above technical solution, through the combination of self-cleaning filter and pulse backblowing, the clogging problem of the exhaust hole is effectively controlled, and the maintenance cost is reduced by 70%. The dynamic monitoring of the piezoelectric ceramic sensor and the adaptive adjustment of the diverter keep the concrete flow pressure in the high-efficiency range of 0.15-0.3MPa, avoiding over-vibration or leakage. The micro pressure balance valve stabilizes the pressure difference on both sides of the sealing ring within 0.05MPa, prolonging the life of the seal and reducing the risk of leakage. After 1000 hours of continuous working condition testing, the system's average trouble-free time reached 480 hours, realizing the transformation of the vibrating conduit from passive use to active regulation, significantly improving the level of construction automation and process reliability, and providing technical guarantee for the stable control of the density of T-beam concrete.

[0034] In another technical solution, the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete is to apply air pressure to assist the first vibration, and to turn off the air pressure and extend the vibration time for the second vibration, specifically: After the vibrating rod is inserted into the inner cavity of the vibrating tube, 0.25-0.35MPa compressed air is injected through the exhaust channel of the outer cavity of the vibrating tube. The air pressure is applied in two stages, maintaining 0.25MPa for the first 10s and then linearly increasing to 0.35MPa for the next 10s. The air pressure fluctuation amplitude is controlled within the range of ±0.02MPa; During the first vibration, the high-frequency pulse mode is started synchronously. The vibrating rod vibrates at a frequency of 50 Hz, vibrates for 2 seconds and rests for 0.5 seconds. The insertion depth of the vibrating rod is 80% of the inner cavity length of the vibrating tube, and the vibration acceleration of the rod body is controlled at 15-20g. After the air pressure is turned off for the second vibration, the vibration time is extended to 1.8 times of the first vibration time, the vibrating rod is switched to low-frequency continuous mode, the vibration frequency is reduced to 30Hz, the vibration acceleration is increased to 25-30g, the insertion depth of the vibrating rod is increased to 95% of the catheter lumen length, and when the vibrating rod is pulled out, it is retracted at a speed of 5mm / s, and the residual bubbles are sucked out through the exhaust hole in the outer cavity of the catheter.

[0035] In the above technical solution, during the segmented vibration of the T-beam concrete, the first vibration adopts the air pressure assistance combined with the high-frequency pulse mode. After inserting the vibrating rod (such as the HZ-60 type of Wuxi Construction Machinery, with a diameter of 60 mm) into the inner cavity of the vibration conduit, compressed air is injected through the exhaust channel in the outer cavity. The air pressure is applied in two stages: maintaining 0.25 MPa for the first 10 seconds and linearly increasing to 0.35 MPa in the subsequent 10 seconds. The air pressure fluctuation is controlled within the range of ±0.02 MPa. The vibrating rod synchronously starts the high-frequency pulse mode, vibrates at a frequency of 50 Hz, vibrates for 2 seconds and then pauses for 0.5 seconds. The insertion depth is 80% of the length of the inner cavity of the conduit, and the vibration acceleration of the rod body is controlled at 15 - 20 g. The air pressure assistance device can be a screw air compressor (such as the M22 type of Ingersoll Rand), and the air pressure data is monitored and fed back in real time through a pressure sensor (such as the YP-100 type of the Fourth Factory of Shanghai Automation Instrumentation) to ensure that the air bubbles quickly float up and are discharged under the action of air pressure during the first vibration. In the above technical solution, during the second vibration, the air pressure is turned off, and the vibration time is extended to 1.8 times that of the first time (i.e., about 36 seconds). The vibrating rod is switched to the low-frequency continuous mode, the vibration frequency is reduced to 30 Hz, and the vibration acceleration is increased to 25 - 30 g. The insertion depth is increased to 95% of the length of the inner cavity of the conduit. When the vibrating rod is pulled out, it is evenly retracted at a speed of 5 mm / s. At the same time, the residual air bubbles are sucked through the exhaust holes in the outer cavity of the conduit, and the suction pressure is controlled within 0.05 MPa. In the low-frequency mode, the vibrating rod can be a motor with a frequency conversion adjustment function (such as the 1LE0 series of Siemens in Germany), and the frequency and acceleration parameters are set through a control cabinet (such as the NXC series of CHINT Electric) to ensure the uniform distribution of concrete aggregates and avoid the segregation problem of mortar and aggregates caused by high-frequency vibration. In the above technical solution, during the cooperation between the vibrating rod and the vibration conduit, the high-frequency pulse combined with air pressure assistance in the first vibration can effectively break the large air bubbles inside the concrete. The measured air bubble discharge efficiency is increased by 35% compared with the traditional vibration; the low-frequency continuous vibration in the second vibration makes the vibration energy penetrate into the bottom and corner areas of the formwork through the extended action time, and the concrete density is increased from 96% to 98.5%. The retraction and suction operations during pulling out can eliminate more than 85% of the residual micro air bubbles. Tested by a pressure testing machine (such as the YAW-2000 type of Jinan Testing), the standard deviation of the compressive strength of the concrete specimens using this process is reduced from 2.1 MPa to 1.3 MPa, and the uniformity is significantly improved. Comparing 100 groups of vibration data, the phenomenon of aggregate settlement caused by over-vibration is reduced by 70%, and the honeycomb and pitted surface defect rate caused by under-vibration is reduced from 8% to 1.5%, effectively solving the problems of air bubble residue and uneven aggregate distribution in traditional vibration and improving the density and overall uniformity of the T-beam concrete.

[0036] In another technical solution, step five of the construction method for pouring the T-beam concrete is specifically as follows: The T-beam template is divided into three independent temperature control zones: top, middle and bottom. The target temperature of the top zone is set at 50-55°C, the middle zone at 45-50°C, and the bottom zone at 30-35°C. The temperature gradient difference of each zone is linearly transitioned at 2°C / 100mm. Each temperature control zone is equipped with a serpentine-shaped nickel-chromium alloy heating wire. The spacing between the heating wires increases from 50mm at the top to 100mm at the bottom. The heating wires are covered with a 1mm thick alumina ceramic insulation layer. The heating power density is graded as 3.5W / cm² at the top, 2.8W / cm² at the middle, and 1.2W / cm² at the bottom. The temperature sensor array consists of a K-type thermocouple arranged every 200mm×200mm in the top area and a PT100 platinum resistor arranged every 300mm×300mm in the bottom area. The sensor signal is input into the fuzzy PID controller after filtering. The controller outputs a pulse width modulation signal to drive the solid-state relay. The control cycle is 5 seconds. During the heating process, the temperature change rate ΔT / Δt is calculated in real time. When ΔT / Δt>2℃ / min, the heating power density is reduced by 20% and auxiliary air cooling is started. When ΔT / Δt<0.5℃ / min, the power density is increased by 15% and air cooling is turned off. The temperature fluctuation range is controlled within the range of ±1.5℃.

[0037] In the above technical solution, in the T-beam template heating system, the template is divided into three independent temperature control zones along the height direction: top, middle and bottom. The target temperature of the top zone is set to 50-55℃, the middle zone is 45-50℃, and the bottom zone is 30-35℃. The temperature gradient difference of each zone is linearly transitioned at 2℃ / 100mm. Each temperature control zone can be arranged with a serpentine distribution of nickel-chromium alloy heating wires (such as Cr20Ni80 type of Jiangsu Xingda High Temperature Alloy Company). The spacing of the heating wires in the top zone is 50mm, and the power density is 3.5W / cm²; the spacing in the middle zone is 75mm, and the power density is 2.8W / cm²; the spacing in the bottom zone is 100mm, and the power density is 1.2W / cm². The heating wire is covered with a 1mm thick alumina ceramic insulation layer (such as 95 ceramic sheets of Shandong Guoci Functional Materials Company) and fixed to the inside of the template by a high temperature resistant adhesive to ensure uniform heating and safe insulation. In the above technical solution, the temperature sensor array is composed of a K-type thermocouple (such as WRK-101 type of Shanghai Automation Instrument Factory No. 3) arranged every 200mm×200mm in the top area, and a PT100 platinum resistor (such as WZP-230 type of Anhui Tiankang Group) arranged every 300mm×300mm in the bottom area. The sensor signal is processed by a low-pass filter (such as the LC filter module of Shenzhen Jialichuang) and input into the fuzzy PID controller (such as the LM series of Beijing Hollysys). The controller outputs a pulse width modulation signal to drive the solid-state relay (such as the HF30FF type of Xiamen Hongfa), and the control cycle is set to 5 seconds to adjust the heating power in real time. When the temperature change rate ΔT / Δt>2℃ / min, the controller automatically reduces the heating power by 20% and starts the axial flow fan (such as T30-12 type of Guangdong Midea) for auxiliary air cooling; when ΔT / Δt<0.5℃ / min, the power is increased by 15% and the air cooling is turned off to control the temperature fluctuation within the range of ±1.5℃. In the above technical scheme, during the template heating process, the top flange plate area has a large heat dissipation area, and the temperature gradient is quickly established by increasing the spacing between the heating wires and increasing the power density; the bottom web area dissipates heat slowly, and a sparse arrangement is used to avoid overheating. The measured data shows that the temperature difference between the top and the bottom can be stably maintained at 20-25°C, which is in line with the heat dissipation characteristics of the T-beam section. After 100 sets of temperature field tests, the temperature uniformity error of each temperature control zone is ≤2%, and the temperature difference stress inside the concrete is reduced by 40% compared with the traditional single heating mode. After the maintenance is completed, a pressure testing machine (such as the YES-2000 model of the Jinan Testing Machine Factory) is used to test the compressive strength of different parts. The strength difference between the top and the bottom is reduced from 8MPa in the traditional process to 3MPa, and the strength uniformity is significantly improved, which effectively avoids the risk of cracking caused by uneven temperature. At the same time, the maintenance cycle is shortened by 15%, which improves the construction efficiency.

[0038] In another technical solution, the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete is to add a graphene thermal conductive film between the nickel-chromium alloy heating wire and the alumina ceramic insulation layer, the film thickness is 0.1mm, the thermal conductivity is 1500W / (m·K), and a serpentine silver paste circuit is printed on the surface of the film to form a distributed temperature compensator; When the temperature sensor detects a local temperature difference of >3°C, the silver paste circuit in the corresponding area is powered on to generate a reverse heat flow to compensate for the temperature difference. The compensation power density is 0.5-1.5W / cm². Phase change energy storage material is filled between the heating wire and the thermal conductive film. The material composition is paraffin / expanded graphite composite, the phase change temperature is 52±1℃, the latent heat value is ≥180kJ / kg, the energy storage material thickness is 3mm, and it can continuously release heat for 30 minutes during a power outage.

[0039] In the above technical solution, a 0.1mm thick graphene thermal conductive film (such as CM-01 type of Changzhou Sixth Element Material Technology Co., Ltd., with thermal conductivity ≥1500W / (m·K)) is laid between the nickel-chromium alloy heating wire of the template heating system and the alumina ceramic insulation layer, and the surface of the film is coated with a serpentine silver paste circuit (silver paste particle size ≤5μm, such as JS-800 type of Suzhou Jingyin New Materials Co., Ltd.) through a screen printing process to form a distributed temperature compensator. The thermal conductive film can be attached to the surface of the heating wire with a high-temperature resistant adhesive (such as 3M's TML-10 type) to ensure a close fit with the nickel-chromium alloy heating wire (such as Cr20Ni80 type), and the coverage area reaches more than 95% of the heating area. In the above technical solution, a 3mm thick phase change energy storage material (such as paraffin / expanded graphite composite, phase change temperature 52±1℃, latent heat value ≥180kJ / kg, FN-PCM52 type of Beijing Funa Technology Co., Ltd.) is filled between the heating wire and the graphene thermal conductive film. The material is pressed by a mold to form a sheet structure that matches the curvature of the template, and the edge is sealed with aluminum foil tape to prevent leakage after melting. When the temperature sensor (K-type thermocouple in the top area and PT100 platinum resistor in the bottom area) detects that the local temperature difference exceeds 3℃, the control system automatically activates the silver paste circuit in the corresponding area, passes low-voltage direct current (voltage ≤24V), generates a compensating heat flow of 0.5-1.5W / cm², and reversely offsets the temperature difference. The conductive line spacing of the silver paste circuit is 10-15mm, which is consistent with the serpentine direction of the heating wire to ensure uniform distribution of the compensating heat flow. In the above technical solution, when there is a power outage or heating system failure, the phase change energy storage material slowly releases the stored heat due to the temperature dropping below the phase change point, which can last up to 30 minutes, and maintain the template temperature drop rate ≤1℃ / min. According to actual measurements, the temperature of the area without phase change material installed dropped by 8℃ within 10 minutes after the power outage, while the temperature fluctuation of the area filled with phase change material was only 2.5℃. Through the distributed temperature compensator, the local temperature difference of the template can be controlled within ±1.5℃, which increases the thermal response speed by 50% compared with the traditional heating system. The temperature field test of 50 T-beam templates showed that after adding graphene thermal conductive film, the thermal diffusion efficiency of the heating wire increased by 40%, and the temperature uniformity error was reduced from 4% to 1.2%, which effectively solved the problem of temperature stress concentration caused by local heat dissipation differences in the template. In the above technical solution, the high thermal conductivity of the graphene thermal conductive film significantly improves the thermal conduction efficiency of the heating system. Combined with the precise compensation of the distributed silver paste circuit, the local temperature difference is quickly eliminated, so that the concrete strength growth rate of each part of the T-beam tends to be consistent. The continuous heat provided by the phase change energy storage material during power outage avoids the risk of cracking caused by a sudden drop in temperature during the curing process and improves the emergency stability of the heating system. After 200 hours of continuous curing tests, this combination solution has achieved a uniformity of more than 98% in the formwork temperature field, and the temperature fluctuation is controlled within a safe range within 30 minutes after the power outage, providing a stable temperature environment for the concrete hydration reaction and ensuring the reliability and consistency of the T-beam curing quality.

[0040] In another technical solution, the construction method of pouring T-beam concrete, step six is ​​specifically: A twin-fluid nozzle is used to generate atomized water with a particle size of less than 5μm. The water mist spray pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.8MPa. The spray angle is 30-45° with the T-beam surface to form a continuous water film with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm. A single spray lasts for 8-12min. After the water film is formed, CO is introduced immediately 2 With N 2 A mixed gas of which CO 2 The volume concentration is controlled in two stages: 25-30% in the first 5 minutes, and then increased to 35-40% in the next 5 minutes. The gas flow rate increases linearly at 0.5-0.8m³ / (min·m²), and a slight positive pressure of 0.05-0.1MPa is applied during ventilation. The alternating cycle is based on a water film spraying cycle of 12 minutes and carbonization ventilation cycle of 10 minutes. When the ambient temperature is higher than 25°C, the water film spraying cycle is shortened to 8 minutes and the ventilation cycle is extended to 15 minutes. When the relative humidity is lower than 60%, the water film thickness is increased to 0.3 mm. At the end of the maintenance, the ventilation is stopped by the gradient pressure reduction method, and the pressure is reduced to normal pressure at a rate of 0.02MPa per minute. At the same time, the particle size of the atomized water is gradually increased to 20μm to form a permeable transition layer.

[0041] In the above technical solution, during the T-beam concrete curing stage, a dual-fluid nozzle (such as the air atomizing nozzle of Spraying Systems, USA) is used to generate atomized water with a particle size of less than 5μm, and the spray pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.8MPa. The spray angle is 30-45° with the T-beam surface to form a continuous water film with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm. A single spray lasts for 8-12 minutes. The nozzles can be evenly arranged on the top and both sides of the T-beam formwork, with a spacing of 800-1000mm, and connected to a constant pressure water supply pump (such as Grundfos CR series) through a high-pressure water pipe (inner diameter 12mm). The water source uses clean tap water to ensure that the water film evenly covers the concrete surface. In the above technical solution, after the water film is formed, CO is immediately introduced through a gas mixing device (such as the WKA-2 type of the German GUNT company). 2 With N 2 Mixed gas, CO 2 The volume concentration is controlled in two stages: 25-30% is maintained in the first 5 minutes, and then increased to 35-40% in the next 5 minutes. The gas flow rate increases linearly from 0.5m³ / (min·m²) to 0.8m³ / (min·m²), and a micro-positive pressure of 0.05-0.1MPa is applied through a pressure regulating valve (such as the ITV series of Japan SMC). The mixed gas pipeline is arranged at the bottom of the template along the length of the T-beam, with an outlet spacing of 500mm, and a porous distribution form is adopted to ensure uniform diffusion of the gas. The alternating cycle is 12 minutes of water film spraying and 10 minutes of carbonization ventilation. When the ambient temperature is higher than 25°C, the program is automatically triggered by a temperature and humidity sensor (such as the Swiss Rotronic HC2-S3 model) to shorten the water film spraying cycle to 8 minutes and extend the ventilation cycle to 15 minutes; when the relative humidity is lower than 60%, the water film thickness is increased to 0.3mm to ensure the stability of the humidity of the curing environment. In the above technical scheme, at the end of curing, the ventilation is stopped by the gradient pressure reduction method, and the pressure is reduced to normal pressure at a rate of 0.02MPa per minute through real-time monitoring by a pressure sensor (such as the Honeywell STG series in the United States). At the same time, the particle size of the atomized water is gradually increased to 20μm to form a permeable transition layer to avoid sudden pressure reduction and cracking of the concrete surface. During the pressure reduction process, the gas-liquid ratio of the dual-fluid nozzle is adjusted synchronously, and the air pressure is reduced from 0.6MPa to 0.3MPa in stages, and the liquid flow rate is increased accordingly to ensure a smooth transition of the particle size. According to actual measurements, this process makes the surface humidity uniformity of the T-beam reach more than 95%, the carbonization depth is increased by 20% compared with traditional curing, and the 7-day compressive strength is increased by 12%. Comparing 50 sets of curing data, the surface cracking rate of concrete specimens using the composite curing process is reduced from 18% to 3%, the curing cycle is shortened by 25%, and the density test shows that the porosity is reduced by 15%, and the chloride ion permeability coefficient is reduced by 22%, which effectively improves the durability and long-term performance of T-beam concrete. In the above technical scheme, the ultra-fine atomized water film generated by the dual-fluid nozzle ensures the uniformity of the humidity on the surface of the T-beam and avoids shrinkage cracking caused by local drying; the staged carbonization gas control promotes the early strength development of concrete and accelerates the carbonization reaction within a controllable range; the gradient pressure reduction method smoothly transitions the curing environment pressure and prevents surface stress concentration. The composite curing process combines the synergistic effect of humidity curing and carbonization reaction, which not only ensures the moist environment required for concrete hydration, but also provides a high-quality carbonization environment through CO 2It promotes the formation of calcium carbonate and improves the density of concrete. After long-term performance testing, this process has increased the number of freeze-thaw cycles of T-beam concrete from 300 to 450 times, reduced the depth of sulfate erosion by 30%, and significantly improved the durability of the structure. At the same time, it has achieved precise control of the maintenance process through automated control, reduced the cost of manual intervention, and ensured the stability of construction quality.

[0042] The number of devices and processing scales described here are used to simplify the description of the present invention. Applications, modifications and variations of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art.

[0043] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed as above, they are not limited to the applications listed in the specification and the implementation modes. They can be fully applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. For those familiar with the art, additional modifications can be easily implemented. Therefore, without departing from the general concept defined by the claims and the scope of equivalents, the present invention is not limited to specific details.

Claims

1. A T-beam concrete pouring construction method, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: Step 1: After the T-beam formwork is installed, multiple embedded vibration conduction plates are spaced along the longitudinal center line of the web. Each vibration conduction plate is vertically arranged with the plate surface parallel to the length direction of the T-beam. Oblique anchor rods are welded to the bottom of the vibration conduction plate, and the anchor rods are inserted into the precast concrete base. Step 2: Based on the arrangement of the vibration conduction plate, a layered staggered casting process is used for casting. During the layered casting process, a double-chamber vibration duct is installed at the junction of the web and the flange plate. A spiral guide rib is arranged on the outer wall of the vibration duct. A gap is maintained between the bottom end of the vibration duct and the bottom of the template, and the top end is higher than the casting surface. Step 3: Perform segmented vibration through the vibration conduit, arrange multiple vibration points on each vibration conduction plate to form a grid distribution, insert the vibration rod into the vibration conduit and make it coaxial with the through hole of the conduction plate, apply air pressure to assist the first vibration, and turn off the air pressure and extend the vibration time for the second vibration; Step 4: After the vibration is completed, start the template heating system, control the temperature gradient from the top to the bottom of the template, and dynamically adjust the heating power through the temperature sensor; Step 5: During the curing stage, the composite process of atomized water film and carbonized gas is alternately implemented to form a composite curing environment; Step 6: After the formwork is removed, reserve stress relief holes at the anchor positions, inject cement-based grouting material with expansion properties and maintain the grouting pressure until initial setting.

2. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Each vibration conduction plate has three rows of tapered through holes with varying diameters spaced apart along its height direction. The axis of the through holes in the middle row is at an angle of 15° to the normal line of the plate surface, and the two rows on both sides are at an angle of 30°. The inner wall of the through hole is provided with spiral flow-guiding patterns, with the large end facing the concrete casting surface and the diameter decreasing by 20% from the front to the back; Each anchor rod is composed of double-diameter reverse oblique steel bars: the first steel bar with a diameter of 16 mm is anchored into the precast concrete base at a 45° angle, and the second steel bar with a diameter of 12 mm is anchored into the formwork support frame at a 60° angle. The two steel bars are welded and intersected at the bottom of the conductive plate through a U-shaped sleeve to form an unequal strength anchor node; The back side of the vibration conduction plate is welded with wavy heat-conducting fins, and the fin height changes in a sinusoidal wave along the length direction of the T-beam. The end of the fin is connected to the template heating system through a spring-type heat-conducting connector, and the compression amount of the spring-type heat-conducting connector can be adjusted in the range of 5-10mm.

3. The T-beam concrete pouring construction method according to claim 2, characterized in that: The specific layered dislocation casting process in step 2 is: When pouring the first layer, the concrete slump is controlled at 180-200mm, and the concrete is poured at a 45° angle along the length of the T-beam. The pouring thickness is two-thirds of the web height, and the pouring speed is maintained at 0.8m / min to 1.2m / min. The second layer is poured before the first layer of concrete begins to set. The pouring direction of the second layer is 90° intersecting with the first layer, the slump is reduced to 140-160mm, the pouring thickness is reduced to 50% of the first layer, the pouring speed is increased to 1.5-2m / min, and the second layer is poured alternately along both sides of the web when covering the first layer; The degradable fiber cloth isolation layer laid between the layers is woven from polylactic acid fiber and bamboo fiber in a ratio of 7:

3. The tensile strength of the fiber cloth in the warp direction is not less than 8kN / m, and the tensile strength in the weft direction is not less than 5kN / m. The surface of the fiber cloth is pre-coated with a calcium carbonate crystal core layer with a particle size of 0.2mm. After laying the fiber cloth, spray the atomized interface agent, which is prepared by cement paste and methyl cellulose in a ratio of 100:

1. The spraying amount is controlled at 0.3-0.5kg / m². After spraying, let it stand for 3-5 minutes before pouring the second layer.

4. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The calcium carbonate core layer is doped with delayed-release CaO microcapsules coated with nano-silicon dioxide. The microcapsule particle size is 0.1-0.3 mm, and the shell is composed of a pH-responsive polymer. When the pH of the concrete pore fluid is greater than 12.5, the shell dissolves, and the released CaO reacts with water to generate Ca(OH)2 and further carbonizes. A 50mm wide magnetic sealing strip is set on the edge of the fiber cloth. The sealing strip is made of ferrite powder and rubber composite, with a magnetic induction intensity of 0.3-0.5T, and is adsorbed and fixed on the galvanized steel strip embedded in the template; After the interface agent is sprayed, a laser scanner with a wavelength of 1064nm is used to detect the three-dimensional morphology of the fiber cloth. When the wrinkle height is detected to be >2mm or the overlap gap is >1mm, the ultrasonic compaction device is automatically started to apply ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 28kHz and an amplitude of 50μm to repair the interface.

5. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The height of the spiral guide rib increases linearly from the top to the bottom of the vibrating tube, with a starting height of 10mm at the top and a final height of 25mm at the bottom. The rib spacing decreases from 100mm at the top to 50mm at the bottom. The cross section of the guide rib is semicircular and the surface polishing roughness Ra≤3.2μm; The vibrating duct is composed of an inner and outer double cavity. The inner cavity is a circular channel with an inner diameter 15mm larger than the diameter of the vibrating rod. The outer cavity is a circular cross-section exhaust channel. The outer cavity wall is provided with exhaust holes with a diameter of 3mm. The spacing between the exhaust holes is 1 / 2 of the guide rib pitch. An adjustable rubber sealing ring is set in the gap between the bottom end of the conduit and the bottom of the template. The rubber hardness is Shore 60A, and the compression deformation of the sealing ring is controlled at 30-40% of the initial thickness. A rotating diverter is arranged at the part of the top of the vibrating tube that is higher than the casting surface. The diverter comprises 6 arc-shaped guide plates. The opening angle of the guide plates can be adjusted in the range of 30-90°. The surface of the guide plates is coated with a polytetrafluoroethylene wear-resistant layer.

6. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The exhaust hole of the outer cavity wall is embedded with a self-cleaning filter screen, which is woven from nickel-titanium shape memory alloy wire and has a mesh diameter of 2 mm. When the temperature of the catheter exceeds 40°C, the filter screen aperture shrinks to 1 mm, and returns to its original state when the temperature drops to 30°C. The surface of the guide rib is provided with a piezoelectric ceramic sensor array, the sensor spacing is 1 / 4 of the rib spacing, which monitors the concrete flow pressure in real time and feeds back to the control system. When the pressure peak exceeds 0.5MPa, it automatically triggers the guide plate angle to increase by 15°, and when the pressure is lower than 0.2MPa, the guide plate angle decreases by 10°; A miniature pressure balancing valve is embedded in the adjustable rubber sealing ring at the bottom of the catheter. When the pressure difference between the inside and outside of the sealing ring exceeds 0.05MPa, the valve automatically opens to release the pressure, and closes when the pressure difference returns to 0.02MPa.

7. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The first vibration is assisted by air pressure, and the second vibration is closed and the vibration time is extended. Specifically: After the vibrating rod is inserted into the inner cavity of the vibrating tube, 0.25-0.35MPa compressed air is injected through the exhaust channel of the outer cavity of the vibrating tube. The air pressure is applied in two stages, maintaining 0.25MPa for the first 10s and then linearly increasing to 0.35MPa for the next 10s. The air pressure fluctuation amplitude is controlled within the range of ±0.02MPa; During the first vibration, the high-frequency pulse mode is started synchronously. The vibrating rod vibrates at a frequency of 50 Hz, vibrates for 2 seconds and rests for 0.5 seconds. The insertion depth of the vibrating rod is 80% of the inner cavity length of the vibrating tube, and the vibration acceleration of the rod body is controlled at 15-20g. After the air pressure is turned off for the second vibration, the vibration time is extended to 1.8 times of the first vibration time, the vibrating rod is switched to low-frequency continuous mode, the vibration frequency is reduced to 30Hz, the vibration acceleration is increased to 25-30g, the insertion depth of the vibrating rod is increased to 95% of the catheter lumen length, and when the vibrating rod is pulled out, it is retracted at a speed of 5mm / s, and the residual bubbles are sucked out through the exhaust hole in the outer cavity of the catheter.

8. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: Step 5 is as follows: The T-beam template is divided into three independent temperature control zones: top, middle and bottom. The target temperature of the top zone is set at 50-55°C, the middle zone at 45-50°C, and the bottom zone at 30-35°C. The temperature gradient difference of each zone is linearly transitioned at 2°C / 100mm. Each temperature control zone is equipped with a serpentine-shaped nickel-chromium alloy heating wire. The spacing between the heating wires increases from 50mm at the top to 100mm at the bottom. The heating wires are covered with a 1mm thick alumina ceramic insulation layer. The heating power density is graded as 3.5W / cm² at the top, 2.8W / cm² at the middle, and 1.2W / cm² at the bottom. The temperature sensor array consists of a K-type thermocouple arranged every 200mm×200mm in the top area and a PT100 platinum resistor arranged every 300mm×300mm in the bottom area. The sensor signal is input into the fuzzy PID controller after filtering. The controller outputs a pulse width modulation signal to drive the solid-state relay. The control cycle is 5 seconds. During the heating process, the temperature change rate ΔT / Δt is calculated in real time. When ΔT / Δt>2℃ / min, the heating power density is reduced by 20% and auxiliary air cooling is started. When ΔT / Δt<0.5℃ / min, the power density is increased by 15% and air cooling is turned off. The temperature fluctuation range is controlled within the range of ±1.5℃.

9. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete as claimed in claim 8, characterized in that: A graphene thermal conductive film is added between the nickel-chromium alloy heating wire and the alumina ceramic insulating layer. The film thickness is 0.1 mm and the thermal conductivity is 1500 W / (m·K). A serpentine silver paste circuit is printed on the surface of the film to form a distributed temperature compensator. When the temperature sensor detects a local temperature difference of >3°C, the silver paste circuit in the corresponding area is powered on to generate a reverse heat flow to compensate for the temperature difference. The compensation power density is 0.5-1.5W / cm². Phase change energy storage material is filled between the heating wire and the thermal conductive film. The material composition is paraffin / expanded graphite composite, the phase change temperature is 52±1℃, the latent heat value is ≥180kJ / kg, the energy storage material thickness is 3mm, and it can continuously release heat for 30 minutes during a power outage.

10. The construction method for pouring T-beam concrete according to claim 1, characterized in that: Step 6 is as follows: A twin-fluid nozzle is used to generate atomized water with a particle size of less than 5μm. The water mist spray pressure is controlled at 0.6-0.8MPa. The spray angle is 30-45° with the T-beam surface to form a continuous water film with a thickness of 0.1-0.3mm. A single spray lasts for 8-12min. After the water film is formed, a mixed gas of CO2 and N2 is immediately introduced, where the CO2 volume concentration is controlled in two stages: maintained at 25-30% in the first 5 minutes and increased to 35-40% in the next 5 minutes. The gas flow rate increases linearly at 0.5-0.8m³ / (min·m²), and a slight positive pressure of 0.05-0.1MPa is applied simultaneously during ventilation. The alternating cycle is based on a water film spraying cycle of 12 minutes and carbonization ventilation cycle of 10 minutes. When the ambient temperature is higher than 25°C, the water film spraying cycle is shortened to 8 minutes and the ventilation cycle is extended to 15 minutes. When the relative humidity is lower than 60%, the water film thickness is increased to 0.3 mm. At the end of the maintenance, the ventilation is stopped by the gradient pressure reduction method, and the pressure is reduced to normal pressure at a rate of 0.02MPa per minute. At the same time, the particle size of the atomized water is gradually increased to 20μm to form a permeable transition layer.