Tunneling machine and tunneling method

Abstract

The invention discloses a heading machine and a heading method. The heading machine comprises a movable machine body, a heading device, a spraying device and an anchor protection device, the tunneling device is arranged on the front side of the movable machine body. The spraying device comprises a first adjusting assembly and a spray gun, the first adjusting assembly is connected with the movable machine body, the spray gun is connected with the first adjusting assembly, and the first adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the spraying direction of the spray gun; the anchor protection device comprises a second adjusting assembly and an anchor protection mechanism used for carrying out anchor rod supporting on the roadway surrounding rock, the second adjusting assembly is connected with the movable machine body, the anchor protection mechanism is connected with the second adjusting assembly, and the second adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the anchor protection direction of the anchor protection mechanism. According to the heading machine provided by the embodiment of the invention, the spraying operation and the anchor rod supporting operation on the surrounding rock of the roadway can be synchronously realized when the roadway is tunneled, and the construction process is relatively simple, so that the tunneling efficiency of the roadway can be improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of coal mining, and in particular to a tunneling machine and a tunneling method. Background Art

[0002] In the process of coal mining, tunnel excavation and support are important links to ensure safe production. At present, tunnel excavation operations are usually carried out by tunnel boring machines, followed by anchor support and spray support to stabilize the surrounding rock and prevent spalling and roof collapse.

[0003] In the related technology, the tunnel boring machine needs to stop excavating after excavating a certain distance, return the tunnel boring machine to a safe area, and then move the anchor drilling rig and spraying equipment to the front of the tunnel to carry out support operations. The construction is highly complex and time-consuming and labor-intensive, resulting in low tunnel excavation efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art at least to a certain extent.

[0005] To this end, an embodiment of the present invention proposes a tunnel boring machine that can perform spraying operations and anchor support operations on tunnel surrounding rocks while tunneling. The construction process is relatively simple, thereby improving tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0006] The tunnel boring machine of the embodiment of the present invention includes a mobile body, a tunnel boring device, a spraying device and an anchoring device, wherein the tunnel boring device is arranged on the front side of the mobile body; the spraying device includes a first adjustment component and a spray gun, the first adjustment component is connected to the mobile body, and the spray gun is connected to the first adjustment component, so that the spraying direction of the spray gun can be adjusted by using the first adjustment component; the anchoring device includes a second adjustment component and an anchoring mechanism for anchoring the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the second adjustment component is connected to the mobile body, and the anchoring mechanism is connected to the second adjustment component, so that the anchoring direction of the anchoring mechanism can be adjusted by using the second adjustment component.

[0007] In some embodiments, the first adjustment assembly includes a telescopic arm that is telescopic along the front-rear direction of the mobile body, one end of the telescopic arm is connected to the mobile body, and the other end of the telescopic arm is connected to the spray gun.

[0008] In some embodiments, the first adjustment assembly also includes a first spray turret and a swing arm, the first spray turret is rotatably connected to the telescopic arm, the swing arm has a first end and a second end, the first end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the first spray turret, and the second end of the swing arm is connected to the spray gun; the rotation axis of the first spray turret relative to the telescopic arm is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the swing arm relative to the first spray turret.

[0009] In some embodiments, the first adjustment assembly also includes a second spray turret and a third spray turret, the second spray turret is rotatably connected to the second end of the swing arm, the third spray turret is rotatably connected to the second spray turret, and the spray gun is connected to the third spray turret; the rotation axis of the second spray turret relative to the swing arm is parallel to the rotation axis of the swing arm relative to the first spray turret, and the rotation axis of the third spray turret relative to the second spray turret is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second spray turret relative to the swing arm.

[0010] In some embodiments, the second adjustment assembly includes a base frame, a slide and a sliding drive, the base frame is connected to the mobile body, the slide is slidably connected to the base frame, the anchor mechanism is connected to the slide, and the sliding drive is used to drive the slide to slide relative to the base frame.

[0011] In some embodiments, the second adjustment assembly further includes a telescopic swing arm having a first end and a second end that are relatively telescopic, the first end of the telescopic swing arm being movably connected to the slide, and the second end of the telescopic swing arm being connected to the anchoring mechanism.

[0012] In some embodiments, a rotating head is provided between the telescopic swing arm and the slide, and the rotating head includes a first rotating part and a second rotating part, the first rotating part is rotatably connected to the slide, and the second rotating part is rotatably connected to the telescopic swing arm, and the rotation axis of the first rotating part relative to the slide is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second rotating part relative to the telescopic swing arm.

[0013] In some embodiments, the second adjustment assembly also includes a first anchor guarding turret and a second anchor guarding turret, the first anchor guarding turret is rotatably connected to the second end of the telescopic swing arm, the second anchor guarding turret is rotatably connected to the first anchor guarding turret, and the anchor protection mechanism is connected to the second anchor guarding turret; the rotation axis of the second anchor guarding turret relative to the first anchor guarding turret is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the first anchor guarding turret relative to the telescopic swing arm.

[0014] In some embodiments, there are multiple spraying devices, at least one of which is a first spraying device, and at least one of which is a second spraying device, and the first spraying device and the second spraying device are arranged at intervals along the left-right direction of the mobile body; and / or there are multiple anchoring devices, at least one of which is a first anchoring device, and at least one of which is a second anchoring device, and the first anchoring device and the second anchoring device are arranged at intervals along the left-right direction of the mobile body.

[0015] The tunneling method of the embodiment of the present invention adopts the tunneling machine in any of the above embodiments, and the tunneling method comprises the following steps:

[0016] S1: using the mobile body to drive the excavation device to excavate forward a first preset length to form a first lane;

[0017] S2: using the spraying device to spray the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section, and after the spraying material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section is solidified, a temporary support layer is formed;

[0018] S3: Using the anchoring device to construct anchor rods on the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section.

[0019] The roadheader of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for tunnel excavation operations during coal mining. First, a mobile body is used to drive the tunneling device to advance a preset length to form the first tunnel section, and a spraying device is used to spray the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section. After the sprayed material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section solidifies, a temporary support layer is formed, thereby realizing temporary support for the first tunnel section; the tunneling machine continues to advance a preset length to form the second tunnel section, and a spraying device is used to spray the surface of the surrounding rock of the second tunnel section to form a temporary support layer. This is repeated to form the third tunnel section, the fourth tunnel section ... the Nth tunnel section with a temporary support layer; the tunneling machine continues to advance forward, and the anchoring device moves forward with it. When the anchoring device moves with the tunneling machine to the first tunnel section, the anchoring device is used to construct anchors on the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section to realize anchor support for the first tunnel section, that is, as the anchoring device moves with the tunneling machine, it can successively anchor the surrounding rocks of the second tunnel section, the third tunnel section, the fourth tunnel section ... the Nth tunnel section.

[0020] The tunnel boring machine of the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously realize the spraying operation and the anchor support operation on the tunnel surrounding rock when excavating the tunnel. The construction process is relatively simple, thereby improving the tunnel excavation efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0021] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the plan structure of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of a tunnel boring machine with a spray gun extended according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 4 It is a schematic structural diagram of a retracted spray gun of a spray device of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of the partial structure of a spraying device of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of an anchoring device of a tunnel boring machine according to an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 7 yes Figure 6 A magnified schematic diagram of center A.

[0028] Reference numerals:

[0029] 100. Roadheader;

[0030] 1. Mobile body; 11. Fuselage; 12. Track mechanism;

[0031] 2. Excavation device;

[0032] 3. Spraying device; 31. First adjustment assembly; 311. Telescopic arm; 3111. First arm section; 3112. Second arm section; 3113. Third arm section; 3114. Connecting frame; 312. First spraying rotating frame; 313. Swing arm; 314. Second spraying rotating frame; 315. Third spraying rotating frame; 32. Spray gun; 33. First driver; 34. First swing driver; 35. Second driver; 36. Third driver;

[0033] 4. Anchor guard device; 41. Second adjustment assembly; 411. Base frame; 4111. Mounting frame; 412. Slide; 413. Telescopic swing arm; 4131. First section; 4132. Second section; 414. Rotating head; 4141. First rotating part; 4142. Second rotating part; 415. Second swing drive; 4151. Ear seat; 416. First anchor guard rotating frame; 417. Second anchor guard rotating frame; 42. Anchor guard mechanism; 43. First rotation drive; 44. Second rotation drive;

[0034] 5. Operation platform. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and intended to be used to explain the present invention, but should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0036] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, the tunnel boring machine 100 of the embodiment of the present invention includes a mobile body 1, a tunnel boring device 2, a spraying device 3 and an anchoring device 4; the tunnel boring device 2 is arranged on the front side of the mobile body 1; the spraying device 3 includes a first adjustment component 31 and a spray gun 32, the first adjustment component 31 is connected to the mobile body 1, and the spray gun 32 is connected to the first adjustment component 31, so that the spraying direction of the spray gun 32 can be adjusted by using the first adjustment component 31; the anchoring device 4 includes a second adjustment component 41 and an anchoring mechanism 42 for anchoring the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the second adjustment component 41 is connected to the mobile body 1, and the anchoring mechanism 42 is connected to the second adjustment component 41, so that the anchoring direction of the anchoring mechanism 42 can be adjusted by using the second adjustment component 41.

[0037] The tunnel boring machine 100 of the embodiment of the present invention is suitable for tunneling operations during coal mining. First, the mobile body 1 drives the tunneling device 2 to advance a preset length to form the first tunnel section, and the spraying device 3 is used to spray the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section. After the sprayed material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section is solidified to form a temporary support layer, the temporary support of the first tunnel section can be achieved; the tunnel boring machine 100 continues to advance a preset length to form a second tunnel section, and the spraying device 3 is used to spray the surrounding rock surface of the second tunnel section to form a temporary support layer. Repeating this process can form a tunnel section with a temporary support layer. There are temporary support layers in the 3rd, 4th, ... Nth tunnel sections; the tunnel boring machine 100 continues to advance, and the anchoring device 4 moves forward therewith. When the anchoring device 4 moves to the 1st tunnel section with the tunnel boring machine 100, the anchoring device 4 is used to construct anchors for the surrounding rocks of the 1st tunnel section to achieve anchor support for the 1st tunnel section, that is, while the anchoring device 4 moves forward with the tunnel boring machine 100, it can successively provide anchor support for the surrounding rocks of the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, ... Nth tunnel sections.

[0038] The tunnel boring machine 100 of the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously realize the spraying operation and the anchor support operation on the tunnel surrounding rock when tunneling. The construction process is relatively simple, thereby improving the tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0039] Optionally, the tunnel boring machine 100 also includes a spraying mechanism, which includes a material box, a circulating pumping system and a spray gun 32; the material box is used to contain the spraying material, which has a heating and heat preservation function, and the circulating pumping system is used to pump the spraying material in the material box into the spray gun 32 and spray it to the surface of the tunnel surrounding rock through the spray gun 32 to form a temporary support layer on the surface of the surrounding rock.

[0040] Optionally, the anchor rod used by the anchor protection mechanism 42 is a hollow anchor rod that integrates drilling and anchoring. Through the anchor protection mechanism 42, multiple steps such as drilling, installing anchor rods and trays, pumping anchoring agents and pre-tightening can be completed in one step to realize the anchor support operation of the tunnel surrounding rock, and its automation level and operation efficiency are relatively high.

[0041] As an example, Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the mobile body 1 includes a body 11 and a track mechanism 12 disposed at the lower side of the body 11. The track mechanism 12 can be used to realize automatic walking of the mobile body 1, such as forward and backward operations.

[0042] In some embodiments, Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, the first adjustment assembly 31 includes a telescopic arm 311 that is telescopic along the front-rear direction of the mobile body 1 , one end of the telescopic arm 311 is connected to the mobile body 1 , and the other end of the telescopic arm 311 is connected to the spray gun 32 .

[0043] During the forward excavation of the excavation device 2, the spray gun 32 can be retracted backwards by the telescopic arm 311 to prevent the spray gun 32 from affecting the excavation operation of the excavation device 2. When it is necessary to support the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the spray gun 32 can be extended forward by the telescopic arm 311, and the position of the spray gun 32 along the length direction of the tunnel can be adjusted, so that the surrounding rock of the tunnel can be sprayed with the spray gun 32, thereby realizing temporary support for the surrounding rock of the tunnel.

[0044] Optionally, the telescopic arm 311 includes a first telescopic cylinder and a plurality of arm segments connected in sequence, the first telescopic cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, the first telescopic cylinder is arranged inside the telescopic arm 311, and the telescopic arm 311 can be extended and retracted by the first telescopic cylinder.

[0045] As an example, Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, the telescopic arm 311 includes three arm segments connected in sequence, which are the first arm segment 3111, the second arm segment 3112 and the third arm segment 3113 from back to front. The first arm segment 3111 is connected to the upper side of the mobile body 1 through the connecting frame 3114, the second arm segment 3112 is slidably inserted into the first arm segment 3111, and the third arm segment 3113 is slidably inserted into the second arm segment 3112. The end of the third arm segment 3113 away from the first arm segment 3111 is used for installing the spray gun 32, so that the spray gun 32 can be controlled to extend forward or retract backward through the telescopic arm 311.

[0046] Optionally, the first telescopic cylinder is a multi-section hydraulic cylinder.

[0047] In some embodiments, Figure 4 and Figure 5As shown, the first adjustment assembly 31 also includes a first spraying turret 312 and a swing arm 313. The first spraying turret 312 is rotatably connected to the telescopic arm 311. The swing arm 313 has a first end and a second end. The first end of the swing arm 313 is rotatably connected to the first spraying turret 312, and the second end of the swing arm 313 is connected to the spray gun 32. The rotation axis of the first spraying turret 312 relative to the telescopic arm 311 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the swing arm 313 relative to the first spraying turret 312.

[0048] Through the above arrangement, the spray gun 32 can be rotated along two relatively vertical rotation axes so as to adjust the spray gun 32 to a suitable orientation. At the same time, since the swing arm 313 has a certain length, when the swing arm 313 rotates relative to the first spraying turret 312, it can drive the spray gun 32 to swing, and at the same time adjust the spraying angle and height of the spray gun 32, so that the range of adjustment of the orientation of the spray gun 32 is larger.

[0049] In some embodiments, the first adjustment assembly 31 also includes a second spray turret 314 and a third spray turret 315, the second spray turret 314 is rotatably connected to the second end of the swing arm 313, the third spray turret 315 is rotatably connected to the second spray turret 314, and the spray gun 32 is connected to the third spray turret 315; the rotation axis of the second spray turret 314 relative to the swing arm 313 is parallel to the rotation axis of the swing arm 313 relative to the first spray turret 312, and the rotation axis of the third spray turret 315 relative to the second spray turret 314 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second spray turret 314 relative to the swing arm 313.

[0050] Through the above arrangement, the adjustment freedom of the spray gun 32 can be further improved, the flexibility of the position adjustment of the spray gun 32 can be improved, and it is more conducive to adjusting the spray gun 32 to a suitable spraying position, thereby improving the spraying effect.

[0051] As an example, Figure 5 As shown, the first spraying turret 312 is rotatably connected to the end of the third arm segment 3113 of the telescopic arm 311, and the first spraying turret 312 extends horizontally relative to the rotation axis of the third arm segment 3113 and is perpendicular to the telescopic direction of the telescopic arm 311; a first driver 33 is provided on the connecting seat, and the first driver 33 is a hydraulic motor, and the first driver 33 is used to drive the first spraying turret 312 to rotate relative to the connecting seat.

[0052] The first end of the swing arm 313 is rotatably connected to the first spraying turret 312 . The first spraying turret 312 is provided with a first swing driver 34 . The first swing driver 34 is a gear rack swing hydraulic cylinder. The second driver 35 is used to drive the swing arm 313 to swing relative to the first spraying turret 312 .

[0053] The second spraying turret 314 is rotatably connected to the second end of the swing arm 313 . The second end of the swing arm 313 is provided with a second driver 35 . The second driver 35 is a hydraulic motor. The second driver 35 is used to drive the second spraying turret 314 to rotate relative to the second end of the swing arm 313 .

[0054] The third spraying turret 315 is rotatably connected to the second spraying turret 314 , the spray gun 32 is connected to the third spraying turret 315 , the second spraying turret 314 is provided with a third driver 36 , the third driver 36 is a hydraulic motor, and the third driver 36 is used to drive the third spraying turret 315 to rotate relative to the second spraying turret 314 .

[0055] In this way, the spray gun 32 can be adjusted with multiple degrees of freedom, thereby improving the flexibility and spraying efficiency of the spray gun 32 .

[0056] Of course, in other embodiments, the first driver 33, the second driver 35 and the third driver 36 may also be motors or other drivers that can be used to achieve rotational motion.

[0057] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, the second adjustment assembly 41 includes a base frame 411, a slide 412 and a sliding drive. The base frame 411 is connected to the mobile body 1, the slide 412 is slidably connected to the base frame 411, the anchor mechanism 42 is connected to the slide 412, and the sliding drive is used to drive the slide 412 to slide relative to the base frame 411.

[0058] The sliding drive drives the carriage 412 to drive the anchor mechanism 42 to slide. When the tunneling device 2 is moving forward, the sliding drive drives the anchor mechanism 42 to slide in the direction close to the mobile body 1, so as to prevent the anchor mechanism 42 from affecting the tunneling operation of the tunneling device 2. When the surrounding rock of the tunnel needs to be anchored, the sliding drive drives the anchor mechanism 42 to slide on the horizontal plane relative to the mobile body 1 to adjust the position of the anchor mechanism 42 on the horizontal plane.

[0059] Optionally, the sliding drive includes a hydraulic motor, a gear and a rack, the rack is connected to the base frame 411, the gear is rotationally connected to the slide 412, and the hydraulic motor is connected to the slide 412 and is used to drive the gear to rotate.

[0060] Thus, the slide 412 can be driven to drive the anchor mechanism 42 to slide relative to the moving body 1.

[0061] As an example, Figure 6As shown, a mounting frame 4111 is fixedly connected to the base frame 411, and the mounting frame 4111 is fixedly connected to the mobile body 1 by bolts to achieve fixed installation of the base frame 411. The base frame 411 extends in the length direction of the mobile body 1 in a long strip shape, and the slide 412 is slidably connected to the base frame 411 along the length direction of the mobile body 1; thus, the anchor mechanism 42 can be driven to slide in the front-rear direction by the sliding drive, and the position of the anchor mechanism 42 along the extension direction of the lane can be adjusted to perform drilling positioning of the lane anchor mechanism 42.

[0062] In some embodiments, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, the second adjustment assembly 41 also includes a telescopic swing arm 413, which has a first end and a second end that can be relatively telescopic. The first end of the telescopic swing arm 413 is movably connected to the slide 412, and the second end of the telescopic swing arm 413 is connected to the anchor mechanism 42.

[0063] Specifically, the telescopic swing arm 413 extends along the front-to-back direction of the mobile body 1, and the telescopic swing arm 413 includes a second telescopic cylinder and a first section 4131 and a second section 4132 that can be telescoped to each other (wherein the second telescopic cylinder is not shown), the end of the first section 4131 away from the second section 4132 is the above-mentioned first end, and the end of the second section 4132 away from the first section 4131 is the above-mentioned second end, the first section 4131 is connected to the slide 412 through a rotating head 414, and the anchor guard mechanism 42 is connected to the second section 4132; the second telescopic cylinder is a hydraulic cylinder, and the second telescopic cylinder is arranged inside the telescopic swing arm 413, and is used to drive the telescopic swing arm 413 to extend and retract, and then drive the anchor guard mechanism 42 to extend forward or retract backward, thereby realizing the azimuth adjustment of the anchor guard mechanism 42 in the front-to-back direction.

[0064] In some embodiments, Figure 6 and Figure 7 As shown, a rotating head 414 is provided between the telescopic swing arm 413 and the slide 412, and the rotating head 414 includes a first rotating part 4141 and a second rotating part 4142. The first rotating part 4141 is rotatably connected to the slide 412, and the second rotating part 4142 is rotatably connected to the telescopic swing arm 413. The rotation axis of the first rotating part 4141 relative to the slide 412 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second rotating part 4142 relative to the telescopic swing arm 413.

[0065] Specifically, the first rotating part 4141 extends vertically relative to the rotation axis of the slide 412, and the second rotating part 4142 extends horizontally relative to the rotation axis of the telescopic swing arm 413; the second adjustment component 41 also includes a second swing driver 415, and the second swing driver 415 includes two hydraulic cylinders arranged on the lower side of the telescopic swing arm 413, and the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged with an ear seat 4151, and the ear seat 4151 has two ear holes perpendicular to each other, one of which is used to be hinged with the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder, and the other ear hole is used to be hinged with the slide 412, that is, the cylinder body of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the slide 412 in the same way as the telescopic swing arm 413 is connected to the slide 412, thereby realizing a movable connection between the hydraulic cylinder and the slide 412; the piston rod of the hydraulic cylinder is hinged to the first section 4131 of the telescopic swing arm 413, and the two hydraulic cylinders gradually approach each other in the direction away from the slide 412, that is, the two hydraulic cylinders are arranged in a triangle.

[0066] Thus, through the cooperative driving of the two hydraulic cylinders of the second swing actuator 415, the pitching and left-right swinging movements of the telescopic swing arm 413 can be realized, thereby improving the flexibility of the azimuth adjustment of the anchor rod mechanism.

[0067] Optionally, the second section 4132 of the telescopic swing arm 413 is connected to an operating platform 5 for an operator to stand on.

[0068] Thus, the operator can stand on the operating platform 5 to adjust the orientation of the anchor mechanism 42, which is more conducive to the operator to determine the position of the anchor drilling hole on the surrounding rock of the tunnel, and the operation is more convenient.

[0069] In some embodiments, Figure 6 As shown, the second adjustment assembly 41 also includes a first anchor protecting rotatable frame 416 and a second anchor protecting rotatable frame 417. The first anchor protecting rotatable frame 416 is rotatably connected to the second end of the telescopic swing arm 413, the second anchor protecting rotatable frame 417 is rotatably connected to the first anchor protecting rotatable frame 416, and the anchor protection mechanism 42 is connected to the second anchor protecting rotatable frame 417; the rotation axis of the second anchor protecting rotatable frame 417 relative to the first anchor protecting rotatable frame 416 is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the first anchor protecting rotatable frame 416 relative to the telescopic swing arm 413.

[0070] As an example, Figure 6 As shown, the first anchor guard rotatable frame 416 is arranged at the front end of the second section 4132 and is rotatably connected to the second section 4132. A first rotation driver 43 is provided on the second section 4132. The first rotation driver 43 is a hydraulic motor. The first rotation driver 43 is used to drive the first anchor guard rotatable frame 416 to rotate relative to the telescopic swing arm 413.

[0071] The second anchor guarding turret 417 is rotationally connected to the first anchor guarding turret 416 , the anchor guarding mechanism 42 is arranged on the second anchor guarding turret 417 , the first anchor guarding turret 416 is provided with a second rotation driver 44 , the second rotation driver 44 is a hydraulic motor, and the second rotation driver 44 is used to rotate the second anchor guarding turret 417 relative to the first anchor guarding turret 416 .

[0072] In this way, the position of the anchor rod supported by the anchor protection mechanism 42 can be adjusted more accurately, thereby improving the flexibility of the position adjustment of the anchor rod mechanism.

[0073] In some embodiments, there are multiple spraying devices 3, at least one spraying device 3 is a first spraying device, at least one spraying device 3 is a second spraying device, and the first spraying device and the second spraying device are arranged at intervals along the left and right direction of the mobile body 1; and / or there are multiple anchoring devices 4, at least one anchoring device 4 is a first anchoring device, at least one anchoring device 4 is a second anchoring device, and the first anchoring device and the second anchoring device are arranged at intervals along the left and right direction of the mobile body 1.

[0074] As an example, Figures 1 to 3 As shown, there are two spraying devices 3, namely a first spraying device and a second spraying device. The first spraying device and the second spraying device are both arranged on the upper side of the mobile body 1 and are arranged at intervals along the direction of the mobile body 1. When spraying support is performed on the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the telescopic arms 311 of the two spraying devices 3 can be extended forward at the same time. By adjusting the spraying azimuths of the spraying guns of the two spraying devices 3, spraying of the tunnel roof and the two side walls can be achieved to prevent problems such as spalling and roof collapse, thereby achieving temporary support during tunnel excavation.

[0075] Of course, in other embodiments, the spraying device 3 can also be arranged at other positions of the mobile body 1, such as the left and right sides or the tail of the spraying body. Technical personnel in this field can adaptively adjust the position of the spraying device 3 according to the spraying requirements of tunnel excavation.

[0076] There are two anchoring devices 4, namely the first anchoring device and the second anchoring device. The first anchoring device and the second anchoring device are respectively arranged on the left and right sides of the mobile body 1. The anchoring mechanisms 42 of the first anchoring device and the second anchoring device can slide forward and backward. The anchoring mechanism 42 slides to the front side of the mobile body 1 so as to position the anchor drilling holes of the anchoring mechanism 42, thereby realizing anchor support for the tunnel roof and the two side walls.

[0077] Of course, in other embodiments, the anchoring device 4 can also be arranged at other positions of the mobile body 1, such as the middle or tail of the mobile body 1, so that when the roadway is anchored, when the tunneling device 2 of the tunnel boring machine 100 is performing the roadway excavation operation at the front side, the tunnel boring machine 100 does not need to retreat, and the anchoring device 4 can directly anchor the surrounding rock of the excavated roadway. Those skilled in the art can adaptively adjust the position of the anchoring device 4 on the mobile body 1 according to the anchoring support position of the roadway excavation.

[0078] The tunneling method of the embodiment of the present invention adopts the tunneling machine 100 of any of the above embodiments, and the tunneling method includes the following steps:

[0079] S1: Using the mobile body 1 to drive the excavation device 2 to excavate forward a preset length to form a first tunnel section;

[0080] S2: spraying the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section by using the spraying device 3, and forming a temporary support layer after the spraying material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section is solidified;

[0081] S3: Use anchor protection device 4 to construct anchor rods on the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section.

[0082] The excavation method of the embodiment of the present invention can simultaneously realize the spraying operation and the anchor support operation on the surrounding rock of the tunnel when excavating the tunnel. The construction process is relatively simple, thereby improving the tunnel excavation efficiency.

[0083] Optionally, the preset length is 1m to 3m.

[0084] Optionally, after step S2, the method further includes:

[0085] S2.1: Continue to advance the tunneling device 2 by a preset length to form a second tunnel section, and spray the surrounding rock of the second tunnel section by the spraying device 3;

[0086] S2.2: Repeat the above step S2.1 to form the 3rd, 4th, ... Nth lane sections with temporary support layers.

[0087] As an example, when the tunneling device 2 excavates the 9th section, the anchoring device 4 anchors the 1st section; when the tunneling device 2 excavates the 10th section, the anchoring device 4 anchors the 2nd section, and so on. As the tunneling machine 100 moves forward, the anchoring device 4 can anchor the surrounding rocks of the 2nd section, the 3rd section, the 4th section...the Nth section in turn.

[0088] It is understandable that the above description of the tunnel boring machine 100 is also applicable to the tunnel boring method and will not be repeated here.

[0089] In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms “center”, “longitudinal”, “lateral”, “length”, “width”, “thickness”, “up”, “down”, “front”, “back”, “left”, “right”, “vertical”, “horizontal”, “top”, “bottom”, “inside”, “outside”, “clockwise”, “counterclockwise”, “axial”, “radial”, “circumferential”, etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.

[0090] In addition, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be understood as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, the features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of the features. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, such as two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0091] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral one; it can be a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, or communication with each other; it can be a direct connection, or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements, unless otherwise clearly defined. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0092] In the present invention, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, a first feature being "above" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first and second features are in direct contact, or the first and second features are in indirect contact through an intermediate medium. Moreover, a first feature being "above", "above" or "above" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly above or obliquely above the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. A first feature being "below", "below" or "below" a second feature may mean that the first feature is directly below or obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is lower in level than the second feature.

[0093] In the present invention, the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "examples", "specific examples", or "some examples" etc. mean that the specific features, structures, materials or characteristics described in conjunction with the embodiment or example are included in at least one embodiment or example of the present invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Moreover, the described specific features, structures, materials or characteristics may be combined in any one or more embodiments or examples in a suitable manner. In addition, those skilled in the art may combine and combine the different embodiments or examples described in this specification and the features of the different embodiments or examples, without contradiction.

[0094] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and are not to be construed as limitations of the present invention. A person skilled in the art may change, modify, replace and vary the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A tunnel boring machine, characterized in that: include: Moving the body; A tunneling device, the tunneling device being arranged at the front side of the mobile body; A spraying device, the spraying device comprising a first adjustment component and a spray gun, the first adjustment component is connected to the mobile body, and the spray gun is connected to the first adjustment component, so that the spraying direction of the spray gun can be adjusted by using the first adjustment component; The anchoring device comprises a second adjustment component and an anchoring mechanism for anchoring the surrounding rock of the tunnel, the second adjustment component is connected to the mobile body, and the anchoring mechanism is connected to the second adjustment component so that the anchoring orientation of the anchoring mechanism can be adjusted by using the second adjustment component.

2. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The first adjustment component includes a telescopic arm that is telescopic along the front-rear direction of the mobile body, one end of the telescopic arm is connected to the mobile body, and the other end of the telescopic arm is connected to the spray gun.

3. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first adjustment assembly further includes a first spraying turret and a swing arm, wherein the first spraying turret is rotatably connected to the telescopic arm, the swing arm has a first end and a second end, the first end of the swing arm is rotatably connected to the first spraying turret, and the second end of the swing arm is connected to the spray gun; The rotation axis of the first spraying rotary frame relative to the telescopic arm is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the swing arm relative to the first spraying rotary frame.

4. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first adjustment assembly further includes a second spraying turret and a third spraying turret, wherein the second spraying turret is rotatably connected to the second end of the swing arm, the third spraying turret is rotatably connected to the second spraying turret, and the spray gun is connected to the third spraying turret; The rotation axis of the second spraying turret relative to the swing arm is parallel to the rotation axis of the swing arm relative to the first spraying turret, and the rotation axis of the third spraying turret relative to the second spraying turret is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second spraying turret relative to the swing arm.

5. The tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The second adjustment assembly includes a base frame, a slide and a sliding drive, the base frame is connected to the mobile body, the slide is slidably connected to the base frame, the anchor mechanism is connected to the slide, and the sliding drive is used to drive the slide to slide relative to the base frame.

6. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The second adjustment assembly also includes a telescopic swing arm, which has a first end and a second end that can be relatively telescopic. The first end of the telescopic swing arm is movably connected to the slide, and the second end of the telescopic swing arm is connected to the anchor protection mechanism.

7. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: A rotating head is provided between the telescopic swing arm and the slide, and the rotating head includes a first rotating part and a second rotating part, the first rotating part is rotatably connected to the slide, and the second rotating part is rotatably connected to the telescopic swing arm, and the rotation axis of the first rotating part relative to the slide is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the second rotating part relative to the telescopic swing arm.

8. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 6, characterized in that: The second adjustment assembly further comprises a first anchor protection rotating frame and a second anchor protection rotating frame, wherein the first anchor protection rotating frame is rotatably connected to the second end of the telescopic swing arm, the second anchor protection rotating frame is rotatably connected to the first anchor protection rotating frame, and the anchor protection mechanism is connected to the second anchor protection rotating frame; The rotation axis of the second anchor protection rotating frame relative to the first anchor protection rotating frame is perpendicular to the rotation axis of the first anchor protection rotating frame relative to the telescopic swing arm.

9. The tunnel boring machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: There are multiple spraying devices, at least one of which is a first spraying device, and at least one of which is a second spraying device, and the first spraying device and the second spraying device are arranged at intervals along the left-right direction of the mobile body; and / or There are multiple anchor guards, at least one of which is a first anchor guard, and at least one of which is a second anchor guard. The first anchor guard and the second anchor guard are arranged at intervals along the left-right direction of the mobile body.

10. A tunneling method, characterized in that: Using the tunnel boring machine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, the tunnel boring method comprises the following steps: S1: using the mobile body to drive the excavation device to excavate forward a first preset length to form a first lane; S2: using the spraying device to spray the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section, and after the spraying material on the surface of the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section is solidified, a temporary support layer is formed; S3: Using the anchoring device to construct anchor rods on the surrounding rock of the first tunnel section.

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