Floor vibration isolator of high-speed train and preparation mold of floor vibration isolator

Abstract

A floor vibration isolator for a high-speed train comprises a series of rubber layers and is characterized in that the vibration isolator further comprises a series of metal layers, the metal layers are spaced by the rubber layers, and the metal layers and the rubber layers are vulcanized into a whole; the cross section of the vibration isolator is in a hollow trapezoid shape. At least the waist portion of the hollow trapezoid is formed by alternately stacking a series of metal layers and a series of rubber layers, and the metal and rubber stacked trapezoid vibration isolator is formed. The natural law that the waist of the trapezoidal structure is prone to buckling deformation is ingeniously utilized, the characteristic of dramatic reduction of elasticity is achieved through a very simple structure, the trapezoidal structure has enough bearing capacity at a vibration balance point, the trapezoidal structure is suddenly softened when deviating from the vibration balance point, and therefore the vibration isolation effect is greatly improved. In addition, compared with a traditional rubber block vibration reduction structure, the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure can remarkably improve the low-frequency vibration isolation performance under the no-load working condition.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to high-speed railway locomotives and vehicles, in particular to a high-speed train floor vibration isolator, and more particularly to a vibration isolator which is composited with metal and rubber, has a hollow trapezoidal cross section and has a sharp elasticity reduction characteristic, and a preparation mold thereof.

[0002] The term "elasticity reduction" means that although the hollow trapezoidal isolator has a high load-bearing capacity in its equilibrium position, once it leaves its equilibrium position, the dynamic load change corresponding to the amplitude change is small or even close to zero, that is, the elasticity of the isolator is reduced to a very small value or even close to zero. Background Art

[0003] One of the key technologies of high-speed train floor isolators is to reduce the natural frequency of the isolators and achieve good low-frequency vibration isolation performance.

[0004] The market needs a vibration reduction structure that has both a higher load-bearing capacity and a lower natural frequency. Objectively, there is a pair of difficult-to-solve contradictions: if the stiffness of the rubber block vibration reduction structure is designed to be smaller, the load-bearing capacity of the vibration reduction structure will be insufficient; on the contrary, if the stiffness is designed to be larger, the natural frequency will be higher, resulting in poor low-frequency vibration isolation effect.

[0005] There is no vibration isolator with a hollow trapezoidal cross-section formed by alternately stacking metal and rubber in the prior art, and there is no precedent for solving the above contradiction with a low-cost, simple, compact and miniaturized structure. Summary of the invention

[0006] An object of the present invention is to provide a hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator with metal and rubber stacked alternately, which has nonlinear characteristics and can achieve elasticity drop characteristics under target load conditions with a simple structure.

[0007] Another object of the present invention is to provide a vulcanization process mold for a hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator with metal and rubber alternately stacked, which can achieve precise positioning of the waist metal parts of the trapezoidal vibration reduction structure and improve the bonding strength between the metal parts and the rubber.

[0008] To this end, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator comprising a series of rubber layers, characterized in that:

[0009] The vibration isolator further comprises a series of metal layers, which separate the rubber layers and are vulcanized into one piece with the rubber layers;

[0010] The cross section of the vibration isolator is a hollow trapezoid;

[0011] At least the waist of the hollow trapezoid is composed of a series of metal layers and a series of rubber layers stacked alternately.

[0012] Preferably, two or more metal-rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration isolators are connected in series to form a structure, and a bearing structure is arranged inside the primary and / or secondary trapezoidal vibration reduction structure.

[0013] Preferably, the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the trapezoidal structure is 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm or 2.5 mm.

[0014] Preferably, the thickness of the trapezoidal waist rubber layer is 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm or 2.5 mm.

[0015] Preferably, the angle of the waist of the trapezoidal structure is 72°, 75°, 78° or 81°.

[0016] Preferably, the aspect ratio of the trapezoidal structure is 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 or 1.3.

[0017] Preferably, a bracket-shaped metal layer is further provided at the bottom of the trapezoidal vibration isolator.

[0018] According to another aspect of the present invention, a preparation mold for a hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator is provided, wherein the mold is decomposed into mold parting 1, mold parting 2, mold parting 3, mold parting 4, mold parting 5, mold parting 6 and mold parting 7, wherein:

[0019] Mold parting 1, mold parting 2 and mold parting 3 are spliced ​​together to form an internal space corresponding to the outer contour of the trapezoidal vibration isolator, and each metal sheet is inserted into the groove of mold parting 1-2;

[0020] The mold parting 4 is in a suspended state, completing the positioning of each waist metal piece, corresponding to the inner contour of the hollow trapezoid of the trapezoidal vibration isolator;

[0021] The mold parting 5 is provided with a trapezoidal hole of the same shape as the mold parting 4, and the mold parting 4 is inserted into the trapezoidal hole to provide support for one end of the mold parting 4;

[0022] The mold parting 6 supports the other end of the mold parting 4 and is provided with a series of rubber injection holes corresponding to the cavity positions of each rubber layer;

[0023] The mold parting 7 is provided with a raised pressure head, which squeezes the rubber material in the mold parting 6 during installation, forcing the rubber material to fully fill each cavity of the mold.

[0024] Preferably, after demoulding, the excess portion of the metal layer exposed from the rubber layer is trimmed.

[0025] Preferably, the excess portion of each metal sheet inserted into the groove 1-2 of the mold parting is provided with an indentation in advance to promote breaking.

[0026] The present invention cleverly utilizes the natural law that the waist of the trapezoidal structure is easily bent and deformed, and realizes the elasticity reduction characteristic with a very simple structure, so that the trapezoidal structure has sufficient bearing capacity at the vibration equilibrium point, and becomes soft sharply when it deviates from the vibration equilibrium point, thereby greatly improving the vibration isolation effect.

[0027] In addition, according to the present invention, compared with the traditional rubber block vibration reduction structure, the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure according to the present invention can significantly improve the low-frequency vibration isolation performance under no-load conditions.

[0028] According to the present invention, both high load-bearing capacity and elasticity sharp reduction (stiffness disappearance) characteristics are achieved, thereby resolving the contradiction between low natural frequency and high load-bearing capacity.

[0029] According to the present invention, in practical application, the thickness of the waist metal layer or rubber layer, the waist angle, and / or the aspect ratio of the hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator can be adjusted to flexibly set the load range of the elastic sharp drop characteristic.

[0030] According to the present invention, the preparation mold of the hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator can be assembled modularly and the rubber vulcanization process can be implemented, which can not only easily solve the positioning problem of the waist metal parts, but also increase the bonding strength between the metal layer and the rubber layer. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Figure 1A A metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0032] Figure 1B Yes Figure 1A Load-displacement curve of the vibration-damping structure shown.

[0033] Figure 2A A multi-stage metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure according to a second embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0034] Figure 2B Yes Figure 2A The load-displacement curve of the multi-stage vibration reduction structure shown.

[0035] Figure 3A It is a graph showing the relationship between the load-displacement curve of the metal-rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure and the thickness of the waist metal layer.

[0036] Figure 3B It is a graph showing the relationship between the load-displacement curve of the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure and the thickness of the waist rubber layer.

[0037] Figure 4 It is a graph showing the relationship between the load-displacement curve of the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure and the change in waist angle.

[0038] Figure 5It is a graph showing the relationship between the load-displacement curve of the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure and the change in the aspect ratio.

[0039] Fig. 6A Diagram of a metal-rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure using a bracket-type metal layer at the bottom.

[0040] Figure 6B Comparison of load-displacement curves of trapezoidal vibration damping structures with and without bracket-type metal layers at the bottom.

[0041] Fig. 7A It is a schematic structural diagram of the assembled rubber vulcanization mold of the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure according to the present invention.

[0042] Figure 7B It is an exploded view of the rubber vulcanization mold structure of the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure.

[0043] Fig. 8A This is the positioning principle diagram of the metal parts at the waist of the trapezoidal structure.

[0044] Figure 8B This is the positioning principle diagram of mold parting 4.

[0045] Figure 8C This is a schematic diagram of the location of the rubber injection hole.

[0046] Fig.8D Assembly flow chart of rubber vulcanization mold for metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure.

[0047] Fig. 9 It is a load-displacement curve comparison diagram of the traditional rubber block vibration damping structure and the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure, wherein the so-called traditional rubber block vibration damping structure is a regular, square rubber block made of pure rubber. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0048] According to linear vibration isolation theory, only when the excitation frequency is greater than The vibration reduction effect will only be achieved when the natural frequency is times that of the load condition, and the natural frequency under no-load condition is much higher than that under heavy-load condition. Therefore, the low-frequency vibration isolation effect under no-load condition is poor, and the impact on product quality is also greater.

[0049] In order to improve the vibration reduction effect of the vibration reduction structure under no-load conditions, the present invention proposes a metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration isolator.

[0050] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the elasticity drop characteristic ( Figure 1A ), the slope of the load-displacement curve under the 120N load condition is small or even close to zero ( Figure 1B), that is: it has lower dynamic stiffness characteristics, lower natural frequency, and significantly improved low-frequency vibration isolation effect.

[0051] Figure 1A and Fig. 6A In the embodiment shown, the metal layer of the upper chord (top) of the trapezoid is flush with the rubber layer within the hollow hole of the trapezoid;

[0052] Fig. 8A In the illustrated embodiment, the portion of the metal layer of the trapezoidal upper chord (top) protruding out of the rubber layer in the trapezoidal hollow can be used as a floating limiter for the vibration isolator, and can also be cut off.

[0053] According to the second embodiment of the present invention, by connecting two or more metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structures in series and placing a bearing structure inside the primary and secondary trapezoidal vibration reduction structures, the load-displacement curve of the vibration isolation structure presents a two-stage or multi-stage elastic sharp drop characteristic.

[0054] Take the secondary vibration isolation structure as an example. Figure 2A , 2B The two-stage vibration isolation structure and its load-displacement curve are shown. The load condition corresponding to the elastic sharp reduction interval can also be adjusted by changing the parameters of each stage of the trapezoidal vibration reduction structure.

[0055] Figure 2B It is shown that the slope of the load-displacement curve under the 400N and 9900N load conditions is zero or close to zero.

[0056] According to the present invention, the load condition corresponding to the elasticity drop characteristic range can be greatly adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration reduction structure. Figure 3A As shown, when the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.0mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 320N; when the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.5mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 360N; when the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 2.0mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 390N; when the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 2.5mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 460N.

[0057] In order to study the change law of the stiffness characteristics of the metal rubber stacked hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure, the thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure was taken as the independent variable, and the thickness of the metal layer was selected as 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm and 2.5mm for simulation analysis. Figure 3AIt can be seen that as the thickness of the waist metal layer continues to increase, the bearing capacity of the metal-rubber stacked hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure is gradually increasing.

[0058] According to the present invention, the load condition corresponding to the elasticity drop characteristic range can be greatly adjusted by adjusting the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure. Figure 3B As shown, when the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.0 mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 550 N; when the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.5 mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 490 N; when the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 2.0 mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 395 N; when the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 2.5 mm, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 360 N.

[0059] Figure 3B The result of simulation analysis is based on the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist of the hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure as the independent variable, and the thickness of the rubber layer is selected as 1mm, 1.5mm, 2mm and 2.5mm respectively. It shows that with the continuous increase of the thickness of the rubber layer at the waist, the bearing capacity of the metal rubber stacked hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure is gradually decreasing.

[0060] According to the present invention, the load-bearing capacity of the trapezoidal vibration-damping structure can be fine-tuned by adjusting the angle of the waist of the trapezoidal vibration-damping structure. Figure 4 As shown in the figure, when the waist angle of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 72 0 When the slope of the load-displacement curve is small or even close to zero, the load is about 420N; when the angle of the waist of the trapezoidal vibration reduction structure is 75 0 When the slope of the load-displacement curve is small or even close to zero, the load is about 390N; when the angle of the waist of the trapezoidal vibration reduction structure is 78 0 When the slope of the load-displacement curve is small or even close to zero, the load is about 380N; when the angle of the waist of the trapezoidal vibration reduction structure is 81 0 When the load-displacement curve has a small slope or even close to zero, the load is about 370N.

[0061] The inventor took the angle of the waist of the hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure as the independent variable, and selected the waist angle of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure as 72 degrees, 75 degrees, 78 degrees and 81 degrees for simulation analysis. Figure 4 It can be seen that: as the waist angle of the trapezoidal structure gradually increases, the displacement required to reach the elastic sharp drop characteristic range hardly changes, but its bearing capacity is slightly reduced, so changing the waist angle has little effect on the stiffness characteristics of the metal rubber stacked hollow trapezoidal vibration damping structure.

[0062] According to the present invention, the slope of the elasticity drop characteristic interval can be adjusted by adjusting the aspect ratio of the trapezoidal structure. Figure 5 As shown, when the aspect ratio of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.0, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 480N; when the aspect ratio of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.1, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 450N; when the aspect ratio of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.2, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 420N; when the aspect ratio of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure is 1.3, the load with a small slope of the load-displacement curve or even close to zero is about 390N.

[0063] According to the third embodiment of the present invention, a bracket-shaped metal layer is added to the bottom of the trapezoidal vibration damping structure to improve its static load-bearing capacity ( Fig. 6A ), and can also reduce the displacement to the elasticity drop characteristic interval ( Figure 6B ).

[0064] Another technical difficulty faced by the present invention is that the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure is small in size, and the waist metal parts are easily deformed due to the extrusion of the rubber during vulcanization, and the waist metal parts are difficult to position, so processing and manufacturing are relatively difficult.

[0065] Fig. 7A and Figure 7B The structure of a mold for preparing a vibration isolator according to the present invention is shown.

[0066] like Fig. 8A Therefore, in order to achieve the positioning of the waist metal parts, the width of the waist metal parts is first increased (the increased part is the part that can be removed after demolding by means of indentation, etc., and is used to deeply insert into the groove of the mold, thereby improving the bending resistance of each metal part; the part of the metal part suspended in the mold mouth is the metal layer in the product), and grooves with the same thickness are dug out on mold partings 2 and 3, and then the metal parts are inserted into the corresponding grooves in turn, and finally inserted into mold parting 4 (the metal sheet corresponding to the top of the hollow trapezoid is placed in the upward groove of mold parting 4. If it is inserted into mold parting 1-2, it is easy to fall off; after demolding, the metal sheet is vulcanized into the metal layer in the product) to achieve precise positioning of the waist metal parts.

[0067] from Figure 8B It can be seen that the mold parting 4 is in a suspended state. In order to realize the positioning of the mold parting 4, a trapezoidal hole with the same shape as the mold parting 4 is dug on the mold parting 5, and then the mold parting 4 is inserted into the trapezoidal hole.

[0068] In order to allow the rubber to flow smoothly into the mold cavity during the vulcanization process, Figure 8C As shown, first, a plurality of rubber injection holes are punched on the mold parting 6, and the positions of these holes (corresponding to Figure 1A , 6A or 8A, 7 rubber injection holes) facing the cavity of the mold, or the position of these holes can connect the two cavities (corresponding to Figure 1A , 6A Or 8A, which can be simplified to 5 rubber injection holes), and then a raised pressure head is provided on the mold parting 7, so that under the extrusion effect of the mold parting 7 pressure head, the rubber material can flow smoothly into the mold cavity.

[0069] like Fig.8D As shown in the figure, the mold is divided into 7 parts. The assembly process is as follows: first, mold parts 1, 2 and 3 are assembled to obtain a complete cylinder, and then the metal parts are inserted into the grooves of mold parts 1 and 2 in sequence, and then mold parting 4 is inserted to realize the positioning of the waist metal parts; after assembly, it is inserted into mold parting 5 with a trapezoidal hole of the same size as mold parting 4 to realize the positioning of mold parting 4; finally, mold partings 6 and 7 are assembled with it in sequence to complete the assembly of the entire vulcanization mold.

[0070] According to the above embodiment, after demoulding, there are excess parts of the metal layer exposed from the rubber layer on the outside of the hollow trapezoidal waist and the bottom of the hollow trapezoidal top. The excess parts can be cut off and a limiting mechanism can be placed inside them.

[0071] The metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure according to the present invention can realize the elasticity sharp reduction characteristic, and has not only a simple structure but also modular assembly;

[0072] The metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration reduction structure according to the present invention is also very flexible in practical application. By connecting two or more trapezoidal vibration reduction structures in series, it is possible to realize multi-level elastic sharp reduction characteristics and also to significantly change the load corresponding to the elastic sharp reduction characteristic range.

[0073] like Fig. 9 As shown in the figure, under no-load conditions, the slope of the load-displacement curve of the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure is lower than that of the traditional rubber block vibration damping structure. This shows that compared with the traditional rubber block vibration damping structure, the metal rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration damping structure according to the present invention has lower dynamic stiffness, so it can significantly improve the low-frequency vibration isolation performance under no-load conditions.

Claims

1. A high-speed train floor isolator, comprising a series of rubber layers, characterized in that: The vibration isolator further comprises a series of metal layers, which separate the rubber layers and are vulcanized into one piece with the rubber layers; The cross section of the vibration isolator is in a hollow trapezoidal shape, and a bearing structure is arranged inside the hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator; At least the waist of the hollow trapezoid is formed by alternately stacking a series of metal layers and a series of rubber layers to form a metal-rubber stacked trapezoidal vibration isolator.

2. The vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that At least two hollow trapezoidal vibration isolators form a series structure.

3. The vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the metal layer at the waist of the hollow trapezoidal structure is 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm or 2.5 mm.

4. The vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thickness of the waist rubber layer of the hollow trapezoidal structure is 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm or 2.5 mm.

5. The vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: The angle of the waist of the hollow trapezoidal structure is 72°, 75°, 78° or 81°.

6. The vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that The hollow trapezoidal structure has an aspect ratio of 1.0, 1.1, 1.2 or 1.

3.

7. The vibration isolator according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bracket-shaped metal layer is provided at the bottom of the hollow trapezoidal vibration isolator.

8. A mold for preparing a high-speed train floor vibration isolator, characterized in that: The mold is decomposed into mold parting 1, mold parting 2, mold parting 3, mold parting 4, mold parting 5, mold parting 6 and mold parting 7, wherein: The mold parting 1, mold parting 2 and mold parting 3 are spliced ​​together to form an internal space corresponding to the outer contour of the trapezoidal vibration isolator. Preferably, each metal layer is inserted into the corresponding groove of the mold parting 1 and the mold parting 2; The mold parting 4 is in a suspended state, completing the positioning of each waist metal piece, corresponding to the inner contour of the hollow trapezoid of the trapezoidal vibration isolator; The mold parting 5 is provided with a trapezoidal hole having the same shape as the mold parting 4 at the center, and the mold parting 4 is inserted into the trapezoidal hole to provide support for one end of the mold parting 4; The mold parting 6 supports the other end of the mold parting 4 and is provided with a series of rubber injection holes corresponding to the cavity positions of each rubber layer; The mold parting 7 is provided with a raised pressure head, which squeezes the rubber material in the mold parting 6 during installation, forcing the rubber material to fully fill each cavity of the mold.

9. The preparation mold according to claim 8, characterized in that: After demolding, the excess portion of the metal layer exposed from the rubber layer is trimmed.

10. The preparation mold according to claim 8, characterized in that: An indentation is provided between the metal layer and the excess portion to promote breaking.

Images