Tubular preheater for producing carbon black for high-wear-resistance tire and use method of tubular preheater

Abstract

The invention discloses a tubular preheater for producing carbon black for a high-wear-resistance tire and a using method of the tubular preheater, and relates to the technical field of carbon black production equipment.The tubular preheater comprises a tubular preheater body and a flow dividing pipe installed in the tubular preheater body, and a speed control mechanism for controlling the gas flow rate and the flow area is arranged in the tubular preheater body; the speed control mechanism comprises a plurality of sets of closing-in pieces which are distributed in a circular mode and fixedly installed in the tube type preheater, each closing-in piece comprises a plurality of bases which are distributed in a circular mode and installed in the tube type preheater, and a rotating rod is rotatably installed at one end of each base. The other end of the base is provided with a sliding adapter in a sliding mode. And a cleaning mechanism for scraping carbon on the surface of the shunting pipe is arranged on the outer side of the shunting pipe. The shell and tube preheater for producing the carbon black for the high-wear-resistance tire and the using method of the shell and tube preheater have the effects of being stable in preheating effect and high in operation efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of carbon black production equipment, and in particular to a tubular preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires and a method for using the same. Background Art

[0002] Carbon black is a type of amorphous carbon, a light, loose and extremely fine black powder, which can be figuratively understood as ash at the bottom of a pot. It is the product of incomplete combustion or thermal decomposition of carbon-containing substances such as coal, natural gas, heavy oil, and fuel oil in the absence of air. Carbon black has a high specific surface area and a large pore structure, and can interact with the polymer in the rubber to form an effective filler system, significantly improving the performance of the tire. Carbon black physically cross-links with the polymer in the rubber to form a network structure, increasing the hardness and strength of the tire, thereby improving wear resistance and grip and reducing heat generation rate.

[0003] Before the crude oil enters the reactor for combustion and carbon production, it needs to be preliminarily heated by a shell-and-tube preheater to ensure the efficiency of carbon black production. The heat energy source of the shell-and-tube preheater is the carbon black flue gas at the outlet of the carbon black waste heat boiler. The carbon black flue gas exchanges heat with the raw oil to achieve the preheating effect, and the carbon black flue gas flows to the filter bag for gas-solid separation after secondary rapid cooling. However, since the carbon black flue gas contains moisture and carbon black powder, when the carbon black flue gas flows through the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater, the heat exchange through the diverter tube causes the flue gas temperature to drop and the speed to drop. The carbon black powder is easily attached to the surface of the diverter tube to form carbon deposits after mixing with moisture, thereby affecting the heat exchange efficiency of the crude oil in the diverter tube, resulting in insufficient preheating of the crude oil, affecting the atomization and cracking of the raw oil to produce carbon black, thereby affecting the quality of the carbon black product and energy saving and consumption reduction. The existing technology usually uses gas sweeping to clean the surface of the diverter tube, but since the carbon black powder will form hard objects after mixing with water, it is difficult to effectively clean the accumulated carbon black by ordinary gas sweeping. Summary of the invention

[0004] The present invention discloses a shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires and a method for using the same, aiming to solve the technical problem that in the existing carbon black crude oil preheating technology, a gas sweeping method is usually used to clean the surface of the branch pipe inside the shell-and-tube preheater, and since carbon black powder will form a hard substance after mixing with water, the ordinary gas sweeping method is difficult to effectively clean the accumulated carbon black.

[0005] In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0006] A shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires and a method for using the same, comprising a shell-and-tube preheater and a shunt pipe installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater; a speed control mechanism for controlling the gas flow rate and flow area is provided inside the shell-and-tube preheater; the speed control mechanism comprises a plurality of groups of closing pieces distributed in a circular shape and fixedly installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater; the closing pieces comprise a plurality of bases distributed in a circular shape and installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater; a rotating rod is rotatably installed at one end of the base, and a sliding adapter is slidably installed at the other end of the base.

[0007] The outer side of the shunt pipe is provided with a cleaning mechanism for scraping off carbon on the surface of the shunt pipe.

[0008] The speed control mechanism is used to change the exhaust gas flow rate and flow area inside the shell-and-tube preheater, and the cleaning mechanism is used to clean the carbon deposits on the surface of the diverter tube, so as to stably preheat the crude oil inside the diverter tube.

[0009] By providing a speed control mechanism inside the shell-and-tube preheater and utilizing the folding closing of the closing piece to change the flow rate of the exhaust gas introduced into the shell-and-tube preheater, the adhesion rate of the carbon black particles in the exhaust gas to the diverter pipe is reduced in the form of controlled flow rate. The operator can control the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell-and-tube preheater according to the needs, and cooperate with the operation of the cleaning mechanism additionally provided on the surface of the diverter pipe. While the speed control mechanism is retracted, the cleaning mechanism scrapes the surface of the diverter pipe, so as to increase the flow rate and carry away most of the scraped carbon black particles, thereby maintaining the working efficiency of the shell-and-tube preheater and ensuring the integrity of the operation of this equipment.

[0010] In a preferred embodiment, the speed control mechanism also includes a flow control section, which is opened on the outer side of one end of the diverter pipe close to the closing piece, and the end of the diverter pipe is slidably sleeved with a baffle plate, which is distributed on the outer side of the flow control section, and a plurality of connecting rods are evenly fixed on the side of the baffle plate, and is connected to the side of the closing piece through the connecting rods.

[0011] By providing a plurality of closing member structures which are distributed in a circular shape and pushed by the baffle plate, the operation of the cleaning mechanism is used to synchronously push the baffle plate structure to move horizontally. Under normal conditions, the exhaust gas entering the shell-and-tube preheater can flow through the gap between the flow control section and the baffle plate to the outside of the entire diverter pipe, thereby fully preheating the crude oil inside the diverter pipe. When the cleaning mechanism is in operation, the baffle plate and the closing member can be synchronously pushed, so that the closing members are close to each other, and the baffle plate and the flow control section are misaligned. At this time, the flow velocity inside the shell-and-tube preheater is increased, and the exhaust gas flow path is changed, so that the diverter pipe is directly flushed, and the carbon black impurities are taken away in cooperation with the operation of the cleaning mechanism, thereby ensuring the preheating effect and functionality of the equipment.

[0012] In a preferred embodiment, the end of the connecting rod is rotatably connected to the side of the sliding adapter, the rotating rod and the top of the sliding adapter are jointly rotatably connected to an inner retracting plate, and a plurality of circularly distributed inner retracting plates and the rotating rod together form a trumpet-shaped closing structure.

[0013] A base is provided which is circularly distributed inside the shell-and-tube preheater, and connecting rods and sliding adapters are respectively installed inside the base. The baffle plate is squeezed to move horizontally, which pushes the sliding adapter to move and rotate, thereby pushing the additional inner retracting plate, so that several inner retracting plates distributed in a circle are close to each other, so that the trumpet-shaped closing structure composed of the inner retracting plate and the rotating rod further reduces the inner diameter, thereby increasing the flow rate of the introduced exhaust gas by reducing the inner diameter of the pipeline, thereby ensuring the integrity of the operation of this equipment.

[0014] In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning mechanism includes an electric push rod fixedly mounted on the end of the shell-and-tube preheater, the output end of the electric push rod horizontally penetrates into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater, a sieve plate is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the diversion pipe, a stopper is fixedly mounted on the end of the output shaft of the electric push rod, the output shaft of the electric push rod horizontally penetrates the sieve plate and pulls the sieve plate through the stopper.

[0015] By providing a sieve plate structure driven by an electric push rod, the expansion and contraction of the output shaft of the electric push rod is used to drive the baffle to pull the sieve plate structure to move back and forth along the outside of the diversion pipe, thereby scraping off the carbon black dirt adhering to the outside of the diversion pipe. At the same time, when the output end of the electric push rod extends outward, the baffle can be used to push the baffle to move, thereby ensuring the integrity of the operation of the equipment.

[0016] In a preferred solution, a closing ring is commonly installed on the side surfaces of several bases.

[0017] The gas introduced into the shell-and-tube preheater is guided by providing a closing ring, so that the gas is gathered and concentratedly introduced into the speed control mechanism, thereby ensuring the integrity of the subsequent operation of the speed control mechanism.

[0018] As can be seen from the above, the tubular preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires and the method of using the same provided by the present invention have the following improvements and advantages compared with the prior art.

[0019] By providing a plurality of closing member structures which are distributed in a circular shape and are pushed by the baffle plate, the operation of the electric push rod is used to synchronously push the baffle plate structure to move horizontally; under normal conditions, the exhaust gas entering the shell-and-tube preheater can flow through the gap between the flow control section and the baffle plate to the outside of the entire diverter pipe, thereby fully preheating the crude oil inside the diverter pipe; when the electric push rod is running and drives the screen plate to scrape the carbon on the surface of the diverter pipe, the extended output shaft can synchronously push the baffle plate and the closing member, resulting in a trumpet-shaped closing structure composed of the inner closing plate and the rotating rod inside the closing member. The inner diameter is further reduced, thereby increasing the flow rate of the introduced exhaust gas by reducing the inner diameter of the pipeline. At the same time, the baffle and the flow control interval are offset. At this time, the flow rate inside the shell and tube preheater is increased, and the exhaust gas flow path is changed, so that it is directly flushed against the diverter pipe, and the operation of the sieve plate is coordinated to take away the carbon black impurities, thereby ensuring the preheating effect of the equipment and realizing the adjustability of the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell and tube preheater. It is ensured that the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell and tube preheater can be self-adjusted according to the imported exhaust gas capacity, thereby reducing the adhesion rate of carbon black in the exhaust gas to the surface of the diverter pipe. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the shell and tube preheater proposed by the present invention.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the bolt plate proposed in the present invention.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the end structure of the shell and tube preheater proposed by the present invention.

[0024] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the shell and tube preheater proposed in the present invention.

[0025] Figure 6 This is an exploded view of the closing ring structure proposed by the present invention.

[0026] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the closing piece structure proposed by the present invention.

[0027] Figure 8 This is an exploded view of the closing piece structure proposed by the present invention.

[0028] Fig. 9 This is a schematic diagram of the cleaning mechanism structure proposed by the present invention.

[0029] Fig.10 This is an exploded view of the cleaning mechanism structure proposed by the present invention.

[0030] Fig.11The present invention provides an airflow direction diagram of the speed control mechanism under normal working conditions.

[0031] Fig.12 The present invention proposes an airflow direction diagram after the speed control mechanism has a reduced diameter.

[0032] In the figure: 1. shell-and-tube preheater; 2. diverter pipe; 201. air guide port; 3. speed control mechanism; 301. closing piece; 3011. base; 3012. rotating rod; 3013. sliding adapter; 3014. inner plate; 3015. straight rod; 3016. first spring; 3017. bolt plate; 302. flow control section; 303. baffle plate; 304. connecting rod; 305. closing ring; 4. cleaning mechanism; 401. electric push rod; 402. sieve plate; 403. second spring; 404. baffle. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0034] The present invention discloses a tube-in-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires, which is mainly used in the scenario of carbon black production.

[0035] Reference Figures 1 to 12 A shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires comprises a shell-and-tube preheater 1, a shunt pipe 2 installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1, a speed control mechanism 3 for controlling the gas flow rate and the flow area is arranged inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the speed control mechanism 3 comprises a plurality of groups of closing pieces 301 which are distributed in a circular shape and fixedly installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the closing piece 301 comprises a plurality of bases 3011 which are distributed in a circular shape and installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1, a rotating rod 3012 is rotatably installed at one end of the base 3011, and a sliding adapter 3013 is slidably installed at the other end of the base 3011.

[0036] A cleaning mechanism 4 is arranged on the outer side of the shunt pipe 2 to scrape off carbon on the surface of the shunt pipe 2 .

[0037] The exhaust gas flow rate and flow area inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 are changed by the speed control mechanism 3, and the carbon deposits on the surface of the diverter pipe 2 are cleaned in coordination with the operation of the cleaning mechanism 4, so that the crude oil inside the diverter pipe 2 is stably preheated.

[0038] In this embodiment: when in use, the shunt pipe 2 is connected to an external conveying system, and the carbon black crude oil is conveyed to the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 through the shunt pipe 2. Before this, one end of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 is connected to an external carbon black reactor tail gas recovery device. As the carbon black reactor operates, the high-temperature tail gas generated by the reactor will be introduced into the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1. Under the influence of the speed control mechanism 3, when the tail gas enters the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the tail gas flow rate will be increased while ensuring that the heating area of ​​the shunt pipe 2 remains unchanged, thereby reducing the possibility of carbon black in the tail gas adhering to the surface of the shunt pipe 2, and as After the equipment has been running for a set time, the speed control mechanism 3 starts and increases the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 and reduces the exhaust gas flow area by closing the mouth, causing the exhaust gas to flow toward the end of the diverter pipe 2. At the same time, the cleaning mechanism 4 runs to scrape off the carbon deposits adhering to the surface of the diverter pipe 2, and the high-speed and high-pressure exhaust gas generated by the speed control mechanism 3 takes away the carbon deposits, completing the cleaning of the diverter pipe 2. The preheated crude oil is sprayed into the reactor along the conveying system, and the preheated high-temperature air, crude oil with additives, and fuel gas are incompletely burned in the reactor to produce carbon black.

[0039] In the above scheme, considering that when the carbon black flue gas flows through the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the heat exchange through the diverter tube 2 will cause the flue gas temperature to drop and the speed to drop, and the carbon black powder is easily attached to the surface of the diverter tube 2 after mixing with water, therefore, the exhaust gas flow rate introduced into the shell-and-tube preheater 1 needs to be self-adjusted according to the exhaust gas capacity introduced, and the specific operation is as follows.

[0040] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 4 In a preferred embodiment, the speed control mechanism 3 also includes a flow control section 302, which is opened on the outer side of one end of the diverter pipe 2 close to the closing piece 301, and the end of the diverter pipe 2 is slidably sleeved with a baffle plate 303, which is distributed on the outer side of the flow control section 302, and a plurality of connecting rods 304 are evenly fixed on the side of the baffle plate 303, and is connected to the side of the closing piece 301 through the connecting rods 304.

[0041] In this embodiment: As the carbon black reactor operates, the high-temperature tail gas generated by the reactor is introduced into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater 1. At this time, the tail gas entering the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 will flow through the interior of the necking piece 301. Affected by the horn-shaped structure of the necking piece 301, the inner diameter of the pipeline is reduced to increase the flow rate of the introduced tail gas. The tail gas with increased flow rate will heat the inner and outer sides of the shunt pipe 2 simultaneously from the interior of the shunt pipe 2 and the gaps between the baffle plate 303 and the flow control section 302, so as to increase the flow rate of the tail gas on the premise of ensuring that the heat absorption area of the shunt pipe 2 remains unchanged, and reduce the possibility of carbon black in the tail gas adhering to the surface of the shunt pipe 2. And as the cleaning mechanism 4 operates, at this time the baffle plate 303 will be squeezed, so as to push the necking piece 301 through the connecting rod 304, causing the circularly distributed necking pieces 301 to get closer to each other and contract further, thereby further reducing the inner diameter of the pipeline and increasing the flow rate of the introduced tail gas. At the same time, as the baffle plate 303 moves due to being squeezed, at this time the baffle plate 303 moves out of the interior of the flow control section 302 and forms a seal with the outer side of the shunt pipe 2, so that the high-pressure and high-speed tail gas can only flow through the interior of the shunt pipe 2, thereby blowing away the carbon black scraped off by the cleaning mechanism 4 together. Among them, a plurality of uniformly distributed air guide ports 201 are opened on the end face of the shunt pipe 2, and the tail gas can blow to the inner side of the shunt pipe 2 through the air guide ports 201.

[0042] Further, it is supplemented and explained that: A necking ring 305 is jointly installed on the sides of a plurality of bases 3011, and the tail gas introduced into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 will gather along the surface of the necking ring 305 and then enter the interior of the speed control mechanism 3 centrally.

[0043] Referring to Figures 6 to 8 , in a preferred embodiment, the end of the connecting rod 304 is rotatably connected to the side of the sliding adapter 3013, and the rotating rod 3012 and the top of the sliding adapter 3013 are jointly rotatably connected to an inwardly retracting plate 3014. A plurality of circularly distributed inwardly retracting plates 3014 and the rotating rod 3012 jointly form a horn-shaped necking structure.

[0044] In this embodiment: the baffle plate 303 is squeezed, and the sliding adapter 3013 is pushed to move along the inside of the base 3011 through the connecting rod 304. While moving, it will push the rotating rod 3012, so that the rotating rod 3012 rotates around the base 3011, and the sliding adapter 3013 will rotate synchronously, thereby lifting the inner plate 3014, causing the circular inner plates 3014 to further approach each other and shrink, thereby further reducing the inner diameter of the pipeline and increasing the flow rate of the introduced exhaust gas. Among them, a straight rod 3015 is installed inside the base 3011, and a first spring 3016 is installed on the outer side of the straight rod 3015. The ends of the first spring 3016 are pressed and contacted with the rotating rod 3012 and the sliding adapter 3013 respectively. The straight rod 3015 can guide the sliding adapter 3013, and the first spring 3016 can push the sliding adapter 3013 that has lost the extrusion restriction to reset and move.

[0045] Further, it is supplemented that: a plurality of evenly distributed bolt plates 3017 are fixedly installed on the outer wall of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 , each bolt plate 3017 is symmetrically distributed with a base 3011 , and the base 3011 is fixed inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 .

[0046] In the above scheme, in order to clean up the carbon deposits adhering to the surface of the shunt pipe 2, the specific operation is as follows.

[0047] Reference Figure 5 , Fig. 9 and Fig.10 In a preferred embodiment, the cleaning mechanism 4 includes an electric push rod 401 fixedly installed at the end of the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the output end of the electric push rod 401 horizontally penetrates into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the outer side of the diversion pipe 2 is slidably sleeved with a sieve plate 402, and the end of the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 is fixedly installed with a stopper 404, the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 horizontally penetrates the sieve plate 402 and entangles the sieve plate 402 through the stopper 404.

[0048] In this embodiment: as the electric push rod 401 is started, the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 contracts, and at the same time, the blocking member 404 is driven to move synchronously. The moving blocking member 404 will pull the sieve plate 402 to move synchronously, and at the same time, the moving sieve plate 402 will scrape off the carbon deposits adhering to the outside of the shunt pipe 2; wherein, a second spring 403 is sleeved on the outside of the output shaft of the electric push rod 401, and the end of the second spring 403 is squeezed and contacted between the shunt pipe 2 and the sieve plate 402. As the sieve plate 402 completes the cleaning of the carbon deposits on the outer surface of the shunt pipe 2, the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 is reset and extended. At the same time, the second spring 403 that has lost its extrusion restriction will push the sieve plate 402 to reset and move synchronously. After the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 is reset and extended to the normal position, it will continue to extend and push the baffle plate 303 through the blocking member 404.

[0049] A method for using a tubular preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires comprises the following steps.

[0050] S1: Connect the diverter pipe 2 to an external conveying system, and convey the carbon black crude oil to the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 through the diverter pipe 2. Prior to this, both ends of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 are connected to an external carbon black reactor tail gas recovery device.

[0051] S2: With the operation of the carbon black reactor, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the reactor will be introduced into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater 1. Under the influence of the speed control mechanism 3, when the exhaust gas enters the shell-and-tube preheater 1, the exhaust gas flow rate is increased while ensuring that the heating area of ​​the diversion tube 2 remains unchanged, thereby reducing the possibility of carbon black in the exhaust gas adhering to the surface of the diversion tube 2.

[0052] S3: After the set time is reached, the speed control mechanism 3 starts to increase the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 and reduce the exhaust gas flow area by closing the opening, so that the exhaust gas flows toward the end of the diversion pipe 2.

[0053] S4: At the same time, the cleaning mechanism 4 operates to scrape off the carbon deposits adhering to the surface of the diverter pipe 2, and cooperates with the high-speed and high-pressure exhaust gas generated by the speed control mechanism 3 to take away the carbon deposits, completing the cleaning of the diverter pipe 2. The real-time temperature inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 is between 300°C and 400°C.

[0054] S5: The preheated crude oil is sprayed into the reactor through the conveying system. The preheated high-temperature air, crude oil with additives and fuel gas are incompletely burned in the reactor to produce carbon black.

[0055] Working principle: When in use, the shunt pipe 2 is connected to the external conveying system, and the carbon black crude oil is conveyed to the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 through the shunt pipe 2. Before that, one end of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 close to the baffle 303 is connected to the external carbon black reactor tail gas recovery device, and the other end of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 is connected to the subsequent combustion reaction system. As the carbon black reactor is running, the high-temperature tail gas generated by the reactor will be introduced into the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1. At this time, the tail gas entering the inside of the shell-and-tube preheater 1 will circulate through the inside of the closing piece 301. The tail gas flow rate will increase due to the trumpet-shaped structure of the closing piece 301. The exhaust gas with increased flow rate will heat the inside and outside of the shunt pipe 2 from the inside of the shunt pipe 2 and the gap between the baffle plate 303 and the flow control section 302, thereby increasing the exhaust gas flow rate while ensuring that the heated area of ​​the shunt pipe 2 remains unchanged, and reducing the possibility of carbon black in the exhaust gas adhering to the surface of the shunt pipe 2; and as the electric push rod 401 is started, the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 contracts, and at the same time drives the baffle 404 to move synchronously, and the moving baffle 404 pulls the sieve plate 402 to move synchronously, and at the same time the moving sieve plate 402 scrapes off the carbon deposits adhering to the outside of the shunt pipe 2. As the sieve plate 402 completes the cleaning of the carbon on the outer surface of the shunt pipe 2, the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 is reset and extended. At the same time, the second spring 403 that has lost the extrusion restriction will push the sieve plate 402 to reset and move synchronously. After the output shaft of the electric push rod 401 is reset and extended to the normal position, it will continue to extend and push the baffle plate 303 through the stopper 404. At this time, the baffle plate 303 will be squeezed and push the sliding adapter 3013 to move along the inside of the base 3011 through the connecting rod 304. While moving, it will push the rotating rod 3012, so that the rotating rod 3012 rotates around the base 3011 When the air flow is controlled by the air filter 302, the air filter 303 is moved, and the sliding adapter 3013 rotates synchronously, thereby lifting the inner receiving plate 3014, causing the inner receiving plates 3014 distributed in a circular shape to further contract and shrink, thereby further reducing the inner diameter of the pipeline and increasing the velocity of the exhaust gas introduced. At the same time, as the baffle plate 303 is squeezed and moves, the baffle plate 303 moves out from the inside of the flow control section 302 and forms a seal with the outside of the diverter pipe 2, so that the high-pressure and high-speed exhaust gas can only flow from the inside of the diverter pipe 2 through the air guide port 201, thereby blowing away the carbon black scraped off by the cleaning mechanism 4; wherein, when the equipment is running, the exhaust gas flow direction inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 changes as follows: Fig.11 , Fig.12As shown, when the baffle plate 303 is squeezed and moved, the operator can control the contraction stroke of the inner plate 3014 according to the exhaust gas capacity introduced into the shell-and-tube preheater 1, so as to maintain the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell-and-tube preheater 1 and reduce the adhesion rate of carbon black in the exhaust gas to the surface of the diverter tube 2; and after the diverter tube 2 is cleaned, the preheated crude oil is sprayed into the reactor with the conveying system, and the preheated high-temperature air, crude oil with additives and fuel gas are incompletely burned in the reactor to produce carbon black.

[0056] The above description is only a preferred specific implementation manner of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field can make equivalent replacements or changes according to the technical scheme and inventive concept of the present invention within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, which should be covered by the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires, comprising a shell-and-tube preheater (1), and a shunt pipe (2) installed inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1), characterized in that: The shell-and-tube preheater (1) is provided with a speed control mechanism (3) for controlling the gas flow rate and flow area, the speed control mechanism (3) comprising a plurality of groups of closing members (301) distributed in a circular shape and fixedly mounted inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1), the closing member (301) comprising a plurality of bases (3011) distributed in a circular shape and mounted inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1), a rotating rod (3012) being rotatably mounted on one end of the base (3011), a sliding adapter (3013) being slidably mounted on the other end of the base (3011), the rotating rod (3012) and the top of the sliding adapter (3013) being rotatably connected to an inner retracting plate (3014) together, and the plurality of inner retracting plates (3014) distributed in a circular shape and the rotating rod (3012) together forming a trumpet-shaped closing structure; A cleaning mechanism (4) is provided on the outer side of the shunt pipe (2) for scraping off carbon on the surface of the shunt pipe (2); The speed control mechanism (3) is used to change the exhaust gas flow rate and flow area inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1), and the cleaning mechanism (4) is used to clean the carbon deposits on the surface of the diverter tube (2), thereby preheating the crude oil inside the diverter tube (2) stably.

2. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The speed control mechanism (3) further comprises a flow control section (302), the flow control section (302) being opened on the outer side of one end of the flow diverter pipe (2) close to the closing member (301), the end of the flow diverter pipe (2) being slidably sleeved with a baffle plate (303), the baffle plates (303) being distributed on the outer side of the flow control section (302), a plurality of connecting rods (304) being evenly fixed on the side of the baffle plate (303), and being connected to the side of the closing member (301) via the connecting rods (304).

3. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 2, characterized in that: The end of the connecting rod (304) is rotatably connected to the side surface of the sliding adapter (3013).

4. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cleaning mechanism (4) comprises an electric push rod (401) fixedly mounted on the end of the shell-and-tube preheater (1); the output end of the electric push rod (401) horizontally penetrates into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater (1); a sieve plate (402) is slidably sleeved on the outer side of the flow divider (2); a stopper (404) is fixedly mounted on the end of the output shaft of the electric push rod (401); the output shaft of the electric push rod (401) horizontally penetrates the sieve plate (402) and pulls the sieve plate (402) through the stopper (404).

5. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The end surface of the flow distribution pipe (2) is provided with a plurality of evenly distributed air guide ports (201).

6. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: A closing ring (305) is commonly installed on the side surfaces of a plurality of the bases (3011).

7. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: A straight rod (3015) is installed inside the base (3011), and a first spring (3016) is sleeved and installed on the outer side of the straight rod (3015), and the ends of the first spring (3016) are respectively pressed and contacted with the rotating rod (3012) and the sliding adapter (3013).

8. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of evenly distributed bolt plates (3017) are fixedly mounted on the outer wall of the shell-and-tube preheater (1), each of the bolt plates (3017) being symmetrically distributed with respect to one of the bases (3011), and the base (3011) is fixed inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1).

9. The shell-and-tube preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 4, characterized in that: A second spring (403) is sleeved on the outer side of the output shaft of the electric push rod (401), and the end of the second spring (403) is pressed and contacted between the diverter pipe (2) and the sieve plate (402).

10. The method for using a tubular preheater for producing carbon black for highly wear-resistant tires according to claim 1, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: connecting the diverter pipe (2) to an external transport system, and transporting the carbon black crude oil to the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater (1) through the diverter pipe (2). Prior to this, both ends of the shell-and-tube preheater (1) are connected to an external carbon black reactor tail gas recovery device; S2: As the carbon black reactor operates, the high-temperature exhaust gas generated by the reactor is introduced into the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater (1). Under the influence of the speed control mechanism (3), when the exhaust gas enters the interior of the shell-and-tube preheater (1), the exhaust gas flow rate is increased while ensuring that the heating area of ​​the diverter tube (2) remains unchanged, thereby reducing the possibility of carbon black in the exhaust gas adhering to the surface of the diverter tube (2); S3: After the set time is reached, the speed control mechanism (3) starts to increase the exhaust gas flow rate inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1) and reduce the exhaust gas flow area by closing the port, so that the exhaust gas flows toward the end of the diverter pipe (2); S4: At the same time, the cleaning mechanism (4) operates to scrape off the carbon deposits adhering to the surface of the shunt pipe (2), and the high-speed and high-pressure exhaust gas generated by the speed control mechanism (3) removes the carbon deposits, thereby completing the cleaning of the shunt pipe (2). The real-time temperature inside the shell-and-tube preheater (1) is between 300°C and 400°C; S5: The preheated crude oil is sprayed into the reactor through the conveying system. The preheated high-temperature air, crude oil with additives and fuel gas are incompletely burned in the reactor to produce carbon black.

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