Cavitation erosion characterization experiment device for ultrasonic cavitation of low-temperature fluid

Abstract

The invention provides a low-temperature fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experiment device which comprises a gas cylinder, an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism, a vacuum pump, a test tank, a control valve, a pair of vacuum cold insulation layers, a liquid storage tank, a pressurization mechanism and a test tank pressurization valve, the gas cylinder is connected with the test tank through a pipeline, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism is connected with the test tank, and the vacuum pump is connected with the control valve. The test tank is connected with the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, the control valve is installed on the pipeline between the test tank and the liquid storage tank, and the pair of vacuum cold insulation layers are arranged on the outer side of the test tank and the outer side of the liquid storage tank in a sleeving mode in a one-to-one correspondence mode. The vacuum pump is respectively connected between the test tank and one vacuum cold insulation layer and between the liquid storage tank and the other vacuum cold insulation layer through pipelines, the pressurizing mechanism is connected with the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the test tank pressurizing valve is mounted on a pipeline between the gas cylinder and the test tank.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of cavitation characterization experiments, and in particular to a low-temperature fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experiment device. Background Art

[0002] In oil and gas production, cavitation erosion often occurs on elbows, tees, valves, pipes, throttle valves and other pipeline geometries. Liquid-dominated flows are important in mining and many oil fields, as well as in pipelines that transport oil and gas. Therefore, cavitation erosion has always been a common but difficult to overcome technical problem. The study of cavitation erosion characterization is one of the important bases for predicting the operating efficiency and durability of flow-through components. However, the current test methods for cavitation erosion characterization consider erosion caused by liquid and solid, cavitation erosion at room and high temperatures, and cavitation erosion on the surface of flat plates, but do not consider gas-liquid cavitation at low temperatures and cavitation erosion at elbows at different angles, making the test performance incomplete. Summary of the invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device in view of the deficiencies of the prior art.

[0004] The technical solution of the present invention for solving the above-mentioned technical problems is as follows: A low-temperature fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device comprises: a gas cylinder, an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism, a vacuum pump, a test tank, a control valve, a pair of vacuum insulation layers, a liquid storage tank, a pressurizing mechanism, and a test tank pressurizing valve. The gas cylinder is connected to the test tank through a pipeline, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism is connected to the test tank, the test tank is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, the control valve is installed on the pipeline between the test tank and the liquid storage tank, a pair of vacuum insulation layers are correspondingly sleeved on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, the vacuum pump is respectively connected between the test tank and a vacuum insulation layer and between the liquid storage tank and another vacuum insulation layer through a pipeline, the pressurizing mechanism is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the test tank pressurizing valve is installed on the pipeline between the gas cylinder and the test tank.

[0005] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows: an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism is used to generate cavitation. A cold insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, and a vacuum layer is formed between the cold insulation layer and the test tank to prevent the low-temperature liquid from absorbing heat and vaporizing. The cold insulation layer is connected to a vacuum pump. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure the quasi-vacuum state of the test tank and the cold insulation layer. The test tank pressurizing valve and the gas cylinder are set to increase the pressure in the test tank. The liquid storage tank is used to store the low-temperature liquid after completing an experiment, and the pressure of the low-temperature liquid can be adjusted. Cavitation characterization is achieved on a curved surface structure similar to a curved pipe at different temperatures and different cavitation frequencies. By changing the different bending angles of the test piece, the cavitation conditions on the curved surface at different temperatures and different low-temperature media are obtained, which fully considers the environmental and structural influencing factors, and the test performance is more comprehensive.

[0006] Furthermore, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism includes: an ultrasonic horn, an ultrasonic transducer and a control host, one end of the ultrasonic horn passes through the test tank and is located in the test tank, the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the other end of the ultrasonic horn, and the control host is connected to the ultrasonic transducer.

[0007] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical scheme is: the ultrasonic transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the longitudinal mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic horn, and the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic horn causes cavitation in the liquid medium, which acts on the test piece, and forms pressure pulses through the ultrasonic peaks and troughs to cause a large number of tiny gas nuclei in the cavitation medium to cavitate and form cavitation bubbles, thereby quickly simulating the cavitation erosion phenomenon between the material and the liquid.

[0008] Furthermore, a low-temperature liquid medium is provided in the test tank, and one end of the ultrasonic horn penetrates into the low-temperature liquid medium.

[0009] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the interior of the test tank is used to place the test piece and the low-temperature liquid medium. The ultrasonic horn extends into the liquid medium, and the ultrasonic horn is connected to the ultrasonic transducer to transmit vibration, so that the liquid medium generates cavitation to the test piece.

[0010] Furthermore, a vacuum layer is provided between the test tank and a vacuum insulation layer and between the liquid storage tank and another vacuum insulation layer; vacuum interfaces are provided on the two vacuum insulation layers, and the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum interfaces on the two vacuum insulation layers through pipelines respectively; the top of the test tank and the top of a vacuum insulation layer and the top of the liquid storage tank and the top of another vacuum insulation layer are connected through flanges.

[0011] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: the cold insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, and a vacuum layer is formed between the cold insulation layer and the test tank to prevent the low-temperature liquid from absorbing heat and vaporizing. The cold insulation layer outside the test tank is provided with a vacuum interface connected to a vacuum pump. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure the quasi-vacuum state of the cold insulation layer of the test tank. The test tank and the cold insulation layer are sealed at the upper end through a flange. The cold insulation layer outside the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid storage tank vacuum interface, which is connected to the vacuum pump through a pipeline. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure that the cold insulation layer of the liquid storage tank is in a quasi-vacuum state. The liquid storage tank and the cold insulation layer of the liquid storage tank are sealed at the upper end through a flange.

[0012] Furthermore, a pressurizing port, a pressure relief port and a test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface are provided on the top of the test tank, the test tank pressurizing valve is installed at the pressurizing port, a test tank pressure relief valve is installed at the pressure relief port, and a temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface; liquid outlets are provided at the bottom of the test tank and the bottom of the liquid storage tank, and the liquid outlet of the test tank is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank through a pipeline.

[0013] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is: the test tank pressure valve and the test tank pressure relief valve are set to increase the pressure in the test tank and ensure that the pressure in the test tank is not higher than two atmospheres to prevent the test tank from rupturing. The test tank is equipped with a temperature and pressure sensor to measure the temperature and pressure of the cryogenic liquid in the test tank.

[0014] Furthermore, a longitudinal liquid level gauge of the test tank is installed inside the test tank; the test tank pressurizing valve is connected to a self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar via a pipeline; and the top of the liquid storage tank is connected to a liquid storage tank pressure relief valve.

[0015] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: the longitudinal liquid level meter of the test tank is used to measure the liquid volume in the test tank, so that it can be determined whether the ultrasonic horn is deeply inserted into the liquid medium. The test tank pressurization valve at the pressurization port of the test tank is connected to the self-pressurized cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle through a pipeline, and the cryogenic liquid can be injected into the test tank. The setting of the liquid storage tank pressure relief valve prevents the liquid storage tank from rupturing.

[0016] Furthermore, the boosting mechanism includes: a boosting pump, a boosting pump control valve and a water tank, the boosting pump is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, the water tank is connected to the boosting pump through a pipeline, and the boosting pump control valve is installed on the pipeline between the water tank and the boosting pump.

[0017] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the liquid storage tank is used to store the cryogenic liquid after completing an experiment, and the pressure of the cryogenic liquid can be adjusted. The booster pump controls the pressure of the driving chamber by driving the liquid flow, thereby pushing the piston to increase the pressure of the pressure regulating chamber.

[0018] Furthermore, a piston is slidably installed in the liquid storage tank, a pressure regulating chamber is defined between one side of the piston and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank, and a driving chamber is defined between the other side of the piston and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank; the test tank is connected to the pressure regulating chamber through a pipeline, and the boosting mechanism is connected to the driving chamber through a pipeline.

[0019] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the boosting mechanism regulates the pressure in the driving chamber by driving the liquid flow, thereby pushing the piston to increase the pressure in the pressure regulating chamber.

[0020] Furthermore, a support member is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the test tank, and the test piece is mounted on the support member.

[0021] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the interior of the test tank is used to place the test piece and the cryogenic liquid medium. By changing the different bending angles of the test piece, the cavitation situation on the curved surface at different temperatures and different cryogenic media is obtained, and the environmental and structural influencing factors are fully considered, and the test performance is more comprehensive.

[0022] Furthermore, the volume of the liquid storage tank is greater than the volume of the test tank.

[0023] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that it is convenient for the liquid storage tank to store the cryogenic liquid after completing an experiment, and it is convenient to adjust the pressure of the cryogenic liquid.

[0024] Advantages of additional aspects of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will be obvious from the following description, or will be learned through practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a device under test provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

[0027] Explanation of the accompanying symbols: 1. Gas cylinder; 2. Ultrasonic horn; 3. Support; 4. Vacuum pump; 5. Part to be tested; 6. Test tank; 7. Control valve; 8. Vacuum cold insulation layer; 9. Liquid storage tank; 10. Pressure regulating chamber; 11. Piston; 12. Drive chamber; 13. Liquid storage tank pressure relief valve; 14. Booster pump; 15. Booster pump control valve; 16. Water tank; 17. Ultrasonic transducer; 18. Test tank pressure relief valve; 19. Test tank pressurization valve; 20. Control host. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] The principles and features of the present invention are described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The examples given are only used to explain the present invention but not to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0029] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device, comprising: a gas cylinder 1, an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism, a vacuum pump 4, a test tank 6, a control valve 7, a pair of vacuum insulation layers 8, a liquid storage tank 9, a pressurizing mechanism, and a test tank pressurizing valve 19, wherein the gas cylinder 1 is connected to the test tank 6 through a pipeline, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism is connected to the test tank 6, the test tank 6 is connected to the liquid storage tank 9 through a pipeline, the control valve 7 is installed on the pipeline between the test tank 6 and the liquid storage tank 9, a pair of vacuum insulation layers 8 are sleeved on the outside of the test tank 6 and the liquid storage tank 9 in a one-to-one correspondence, the vacuum pump 4 is respectively connected between the test tank 6 and a vacuum insulation layer 8 and between the liquid storage tank 9 and another vacuum insulation layer 8 through a pipeline, the pressurizing mechanism is connected to the liquid storage tank 9 through a pipeline, and the test tank pressurizing valve 19 is installed on the pipeline between the gas cylinder 1 and the test tank 6.

[0030] The beneficial effects of the technical solution of the present invention are as follows: an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism is used to generate cavitation. A cold insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, and a vacuum layer is formed between the cold insulation layer and the test tank to prevent the low-temperature liquid from absorbing heat and vaporizing. The cold insulation layer is connected to a vacuum pump. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure the quasi-vacuum state of the test tank and the cold insulation layer. The test tank pressurizing valve and the gas cylinder are set to increase the pressure in the test tank. The liquid storage tank is used to store the low-temperature liquid after completing an experiment, and the pressure of the low-temperature liquid can be adjusted. Cavitation characterization is achieved on a curved surface structure similar to a curved pipe at different temperatures and different cavitation frequencies. By changing the different bending angles of the test piece, the cavitation conditions on the curved surface at different temperatures and different low-temperature media are obtained, which fully considers the environmental and structural influencing factors, and the test performance is more comprehensive.

[0031] Among them, the gas cylinder is a high-pressure gas cylinder.

[0032] In order to overcome the defect of incomplete cavitation characterization in the prior art, an embodiment of the present invention provides a cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation cavitation characterization experimental device, which can be a cryogenic fluid cavitation characterization experimental device on curved surfaces with different bending angles based on ultrasonic cavitation. Cavitation characterization can be performed on curved surface structures similar to curved pipes at different temperatures and different cavitation frequencies.

[0033] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, further, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism includes: an ultrasonic horn 2, an ultrasonic transducer 17 and a control host 20, one end of the ultrasonic horn 2 passes through the test tank 6 and is located in the test tank 6, the ultrasonic transducer 17 is connected to the other end of the ultrasonic horn 2, and the control host 20 is connected to the ultrasonic transducer 17.

[0034] The beneficial effect of adopting the above-mentioned further technical scheme is: the ultrasonic transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the longitudinal mechanical vibration of the ultrasonic horn, and the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic horn causes cavitation in the liquid medium, which acts on the test piece, and forms pressure pulses through the ultrasonic peaks and troughs to cause a large number of tiny gas nuclei in the cavitation medium to cavitate and form cavitation bubbles, thereby quickly simulating the cavitation erosion phenomenon between the material and the liquid.

[0035] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, a low-temperature liquid medium is provided in the test tank 6, and one end of the ultrasonic horn 2 penetrates into the low-temperature liquid medium.

[0036] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the interior of the test tank is used to place the test piece and the low-temperature liquid medium. The ultrasonic horn extends into the liquid medium, and the ultrasonic horn is connected to the ultrasonic transducer to transmit vibration, so that the liquid medium generates cavitation to the test piece.

[0037] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, a vacuum layer is provided between the test tank 6 and a vacuum insulation layer 8 and between the liquid storage tank 9 and another vacuum insulation layer 8; vacuum interfaces are provided on the two vacuum insulation layers 8, and the vacuum pump 4 is respectively connected to the vacuum interfaces on the two vacuum insulation layers 8 through pipelines; the top of the test tank 6 and the top of a vacuum insulation layer 8 and the top of the liquid storage tank 9 and the top of another vacuum insulation layer 8 are all connected through flanges.

[0038] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: the cold insulation layer is arranged on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, and a vacuum layer is formed between the cold insulation layer and the test tank to prevent the low-temperature liquid from absorbing heat and vaporizing. The cold insulation layer outside the test tank is provided with a vacuum interface connected to a vacuum pump. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure the quasi-vacuum state of the cold insulation layer of the test tank. The test tank and the cold insulation layer are sealed at the upper end through a flange. The cold insulation layer outside the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid storage tank vacuum interface, which is connected to the vacuum pump through a pipeline. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure that the cold insulation layer of the liquid storage tank is in a quasi-vacuum state. The liquid storage tank and the cold insulation layer of the liquid storage tank are sealed at the upper end through a flange.

[0039] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, a pressurizing port, a pressure relief port and a test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface are provided on the top of the test tank 6, the test tank pressurizing valve 19 is installed at the pressurizing port, a test tank pressure relief valve 18 is installed at the pressure relief port, and a temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface; liquid outlets are provided at the bottom of the test tank 6 and the bottom of the liquid storage tank 9, and the liquid outlet of the test tank 6 is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank 9 through a pipeline.

[0040] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is: the test tank pressure valve and the test tank pressure relief valve are set to increase the pressure in the test tank and ensure that the pressure in the test tank is not higher than two atmospheres to prevent the test tank from rupturing. The test tank is equipped with a temperature and pressure sensor to measure the temperature and pressure of the cryogenic liquid in the test tank.

[0041] Among them, the temperature and pressure sensor is T / P in the figure.

[0042] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, a test tank longitudinal liquid level gauge is installed inside the test tank 6; the test tank pressurizing valve 19 is connected to a self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar via a pipeline; and the top of the liquid storage tank 9 is connected to a liquid storage tank pressure relief valve 13.

[0043] The beneficial effects of adopting the above further technical solution are: the longitudinal liquid level meter of the test tank is used to measure the liquid volume in the test tank, so that it can be determined whether the ultrasonic horn is deeply inserted into the liquid medium. The test tank pressurization valve at the pressurization port of the test tank is connected to the self-pressurized cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle through a pipeline, and the cryogenic liquid can be injected into the test tank. The setting of the liquid storage tank pressure relief valve prevents the liquid storage tank from rupturing.

[0044] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, the boosting mechanism includes: a boosting pump 14, a boosting pump control valve 15 and a water tank 16, the boosting pump 14 is connected to the liquid storage tank 9 through a pipeline, the water tank 16 is connected to the boosting pump 14 through a pipeline, and the boosting pump control valve 15 is installed on the pipeline between the water tank 16 and the boosting pump 14.

[0045] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the liquid storage tank is used to store the cryogenic liquid after completing an experiment, and the pressure of the cryogenic liquid can be adjusted. The booster pump controls the pressure of the driving chamber by driving the liquid flow, thereby pushing the piston to increase the pressure of the pressure regulating chamber.

[0046] like Figure 1 and Figure 2As shown, further, a piston 11 is slidably installed in the liquid storage tank 9, a pressure regulating chamber 10 is formed between one side of the piston 11 and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank 9, and a driving chamber 10 is formed between the other side of the piston 11 and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank 9; the test tank 6 is connected to the pressure regulating chamber 10 through a pipeline, and the boosting mechanism is connected to the driving chamber 12 through a pipeline.

[0047] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the boosting mechanism regulates the pressure in the driving chamber by driving the liquid flow, thereby pushing the piston to increase the pressure in the pressure regulating chamber.

[0048] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, a support member 3 is provided on the inner side of the bottom of the test tank 6, and a test piece 5 is installed on the support member 3.

[0049] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that the interior of the test tank is used to place the test piece and the cryogenic liquid medium. By changing the different bending angles of the test piece, the cavitation situation on the curved surface at different temperatures and different cryogenic media is obtained, and the environmental and structural influencing factors are fully considered, and the test performance is more comprehensive.

[0050] The test piece 5 may be, but is not limited to, an elbow, a tee, a valve, a pipe, a throttle valve, or other pipe geometric shapes.

[0051] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, further, the volume of the liquid storage tank 9 is greater than the volume of the test tank 6.

[0052] The beneficial effect of adopting the above further technical solution is that it is convenient for the liquid storage tank to store the cryogenic liquid after completing an experiment, and it is convenient to adjust the pressure of the cryogenic liquid.

[0053] The present invention provides a cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device, which can be a cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device, belonging to the field of cavitation erosion technology. The overall device is divided into three parts: an ultrasonic cavitation part (ultrasonic cavitation mechanism), a test tank and a liquid storage tank.

[0054] The ultrasonic cavitation part (ultrasonic cavitation mechanism) is used to produce cavitation, including: a control host, an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic horn. The ultrasonic horn extends into the liquid medium (cryogenic liquid medium). The ultrasonic horn and the ultrasonic transducer are connected to transmit vibration, so that the liquid medium produces cavitation and acts on the test piece. The ultrasonic transducer converts electrical energy into mechanical energy to drive the ultrasonic horn to vibrate longitudinally. The high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic horn causes cavitation in the liquid medium, which acts on the test piece. The pressure pulses formed by the ultrasonic peaks and troughs cause a large number of tiny gas nuclei in the cavitation medium to cavitate and form cavitation bubbles, which quickly simulates the cavitation phenomenon between the material and the liquid.

[0055] The interior of the test tank is used to place the bending parts to be tested and the low-temperature liquid medium; the cold insulation layer (vacuum cold insulation layer) is arranged on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, and a vacuum layer is formed between the cold insulation layer (a vacuum cold insulation layer) and the test tank to prevent the low-temperature liquid (low-temperature liquid medium) from absorbing heat and vaporizing. The cold insulation layer (a vacuum cold insulation layer) is provided with a vacuum interface connected to the vacuum pump. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure the quasi-vacuum state (2-5Pa) of the cold insulation layer (a vacuum cold insulation layer) of the test tank; the test tank and the outer cover of the cold insulation layer (a vacuum cold insulation layer) are sealed and connected at the upper end through a flange; a pressurization port, a pressure relief port and a test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface are arranged on the upper part of the test tank, a test tank longitudinal liquid level gauge is arranged inside the test tank, and a liquid outlet is arranged at the lower part of the test tank; the test tank pressurization port The cryogenic liquid can be injected into the test tank by connecting it to the self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar (self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle) through a pipeline. After the cryogenic liquid (cryogenic liquid medium) is filled, the pressurization port of the test tank is connected to the high-pressure gas cylinder (gas cylinder) through a pipeline. The pipeline is provided with a test tank pressurization valve and a test tank pressure relief valve, which are used to increase the pressure in the test tank and ensure that the pressure in the test tank is not higher than two atmospheres to prevent the test tank from rupture; the test tank longitudinal liquid level meter is used to measure the volume of the liquid in the test tank, so as to determine whether the ultrasonic horn penetrates into the liquid medium; the test tank is provided with a pressure and temperature sensor (temperature and pressure sensor) for measuring the temperature and pressure of the cryogenic liquid (cryogenic liquid medium) in the test tank, and the sensor (temperature and pressure sensor) leads are led out from the test tank sensor interface.

[0056] The liquid storage tank part (liquid storage tank) is used to store the cryogenic liquid (cryogenic liquid medium) after completing an experiment, and can adjust the pressure of the cryogenic liquid; it includes: a liquid storage tank insulation layer (another vacuum insulation layer), a booster pump, a liquid storage tank sealing ring, a piston, a pressure regulating chamber and a driving chamber, a liquid storage tank pressure relief valve, and a water tank; the booster pump regulates the pressure in the driving chamber by driving the liquid flow, and then pushes the piston to increase the pressure in the pressure regulating chamber; connection relationship: the external cold insulation layer of the liquid storage tank (another vacuum insulation layer) is provided with a liquid storage tank vacuum interface, and the liquid storage tank vacuum interface is connected to the vacuum chamber through a pipeline The pump is connected. During the experiment, the vacuum pump continuously draws pressure to ensure that the cold storage layer of the liquid storage tank (another vacuum cold storage layer) is in a quasi-vacuum state (2-5Pa); the liquid storage tank and the cold storage layer of the liquid storage tank (another vacuum cold storage layer) are sealed at the upper end through a flange; the booster pump on the upper part of the liquid storage tank is connected to the water tank, and the lower part of the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid storage tank outlet (liquid outlet), and the liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid storage tank pressure relief valve; the water outlet at the lower part of the liquid storage tank is connected to the test control valve (control valve) through a flange; the liquid storage tank water outlet (liquid outlet) pipe is equipped with a liquid storage tank sealing ring. The volume of the liquid storage tank is greater than the volume of the test tank.

[0057] The specific working process is as follows: fix the test piece on the support in the test tank and seal the test tank; ensure that all valves are in the closed state before the experiment, run the vacuum pump to reduce the pressure inside the outer cover of the test tank (a vacuum insulation layer) and the outer cover of the liquid storage tank (another vacuum insulation layer) to 2-5Pa, and continue to operate the pressure pump. Disconnect the high-pressure gas cylinder (gas cylinder) from the test tank pressurization valve, connect the self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar (self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle) to the test tank pressurization valve, open the test tank pressurization valve, open the Dewar valve (the valve set on the self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle), and the cryogenic liquid in the Dewar (self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle) will flow into the experimental device driven by the self-pressurizing system. Check the liquid position through the longitudinal liquid level meter (test tank longitudinal liquid level meter) until it is submerged by the ultrasonic horn, and stop adding liquid; after the cryogenic liquid is added, close the Dewar valve and the test tank pressurization valve, disconnect the self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar (self-pressurizing cryogenic liquid Dewar bottle) from the test tank pressurization valve, and connect the high-pressure gas cylinder (gas cylinder) to the test tank pressurization valve; the ultrasonic horn extends into the liquid medium (cryogenic liquid medium), and the ultrasonic horn and the ultrasonic transducer are connected to transmit vibration, so that the cryogenic liquid medium produces cavitation on the test piece. After a certain period of time, slowly open the control valve to allow the test tank fluid (cryogenic liquid medium) to slowly and fully flow into the pressure regulating chamber under the action of pressure drive. When the pressure on both sides is balanced, close the control valve and open the test tank pressure relief valve to vent the remaining pressure. Open the test tank to take out the test piece, and obtain its weight at each time point through mass loss measurement and surface morphology observation to obtain the degree of surface damage of the test piece (test piece). In order to determine the early stage of cavitation, a brief measurement is performed every 20 minutes. In the total 20-hour experiment, the mass loss is recorded at a consistent 1-hour interval. All samples are cleaned and dried before and after the measurement, and measured using a precision electronic balance with an accuracy of 0.01 mg. The surface morphology after the test is analyzed using a scanning electron microscope to study the damage mechanism of cavitation. Then put the test piece back into the support, close the test tank, open the control valve, drive the liquid flow through the booster pump to regulate the pressure in the drive chamber, and then push the piston to increase the pressure in the pressure regulating chamber, so that the liquid (cryogenic liquid medium) flows back to the test tank; then close the test control valve (control valve) and conduct the next experiment. It is inevitable that there will be vaporization loss of cryogenic liquid during the experiment. If the amount of cryogenic liquid is not enough to complete an experiment, the same method as above is used to add cryogenic liquid into the device (test tank). Through multiple experiments, the change of cavitation damage over time is obtained. The test piece can be replaced with a curved surface with different bending angles, and the cryogenic liquid medium can also be replaced with other liquid media to study the cavitation damage of different bending angles and the influence of different temperatures and different media on the cavitation of the elbow.

[0058] The ultrasonic cavitation test device (low-temperature fluid ultrasonic cavitation erosion characterization experimental device) provided in the embodiment of the present invention obtains the cavitation conditions on the curved surface at different temperatures and different low-temperature media by changing the different bending angles of the test piece, fully considering the environmental and structural influencing factors, and the test performance is more comprehensive.

[0059] Scope of application: Characterization of cavitation in low-temperature fluids; Study on cavitation in elbows with different curvatures.

[0060] Application prospects: This experimental equipment can be used to conduct in-depth research on cavitation characterization, which can help improve the design of liquefied natural gas pipelines and storage tanks, improve transportation efficiency and safety, and reduce energy loss.

[0061] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device, characterized in that: include: A gas cylinder, an ultrasonic cavitation mechanism, a vacuum pump, a test tank, a control valve, a pair of vacuum insulation layers, a liquid storage tank, a pressurizing mechanism, and a test tank pressurizing valve. The gas cylinder is connected to the test tank through a pipeline, the ultrasonic cavitation mechanism is connected to the test tank, the test tank is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, the control valve is installed on the pipeline between the test tank and the liquid storage tank, a pair of vacuum insulation layers are correspondingly sleeved on the outside of the test tank and the liquid storage tank, the vacuum pump is respectively connected to the test tank and a vacuum insulation layer and between the liquid storage tank and another vacuum insulation layer through a pipeline, the pressurizing mechanism is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, and the test tank pressurizing valve is installed on the pipeline between the gas cylinder and the test tank.

2. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ultrasonic cavitation mechanism includes: an ultrasonic horn, an ultrasonic transducer and a control host, one end of the ultrasonic horn passes through the test tank and is located in the test tank, the ultrasonic transducer is connected to the other end of the ultrasonic horn, and the control host is connected to the ultrasonic transducer.

3. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A low-temperature liquid medium is arranged in the test tank, and one end of the ultrasonic horn penetrates into the low-temperature liquid medium.

4. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A vacuum layer is provided between the test tank and a vacuum insulation layer, and between the liquid storage tank and another vacuum insulation layer; vacuum interfaces are provided on the two vacuum insulation layers, and the vacuum pump is connected to the vacuum interfaces on the two vacuum insulation layers through pipelines; the top of the test tank and the top of a vacuum insulation layer, as well as the top of the liquid storage tank and the top of another vacuum insulation layer, are connected through flanges.

5. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the test tank is provided with a pressurizing port, a pressure relief port and a test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface, the test tank pressurizing valve is installed at the pressurizing port, the test tank pressure relief valve is installed at the pressure relief port, and a temperature and pressure sensor is installed at the test tank temperature and pressure sensor interface; the bottom of the test tank and the bottom of the liquid storage tank are both provided with liquid outlets, and the liquid outlet of the test tank is connected to the liquid outlet of the liquid storage tank through a pipeline.

6. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A test tank longitudinal liquid level gauge is installed inside the test tank; the test tank pressurizing valve is connected to a self-pressurized cryogenic liquid Dewar via a pipeline; and a liquid storage tank pressure relief valve is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank.

7. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The boosting mechanism comprises: a boosting pump, a boosting pump control valve and a water tank. The boosting pump is connected to the liquid storage tank through a pipeline, the water tank is connected to the boosting pump through a pipeline, and the boosting pump control valve is installed on the pipeline between the water tank and the boosting pump.

8. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A piston is slidably installed in the liquid storage tank, a pressure regulating chamber is formed between one side of the piston and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank, and a driving chamber is formed between the other side of the piston and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank; the test tank is connected to the pressure regulating chamber through a pipeline, and the boosting mechanism is connected to the driving chamber through a pipeline.

9. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: A support is provided inside the bottom of the test tank, and a test piece is mounted on the support.

10. The cryogenic fluid ultrasonic cavitation characterization experimental device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The volume of the liquid storage tank is greater than the volume of the test tank.

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