Multifunctional simulation test system for stratum leakage collapse under hydraulic action

Abstract

The invention provides a multifunctional simulation test system for stratum leakage collapse under hydraulic action. The multifunctional simulation test system comprises a test bed, a water inlet unit and a quality monitor. A homogeneous or heterogeneous stratum can be laid on the test box, the top acting cover can adjust the water inlet state, and the base is provided with a leakage opening adjusting unit used for controlling the leakage flow. The water inlet and outlet pipe is arranged around the test box to simulate the lateral seepage influence, and the side wall scale strip displays the water level in real time. The acting cover is provided with a rainfall adjusting mechanism, the rainfall angle and range can be adjusted, and different rainfall conditions can be simulated. The leakage opening adjusting unit comprises square or round leakage openings capable of being adjusted synchronously, and leakage dynamic changes are controlled. The system is equipped with a high-speed camera to record the leakage collapse process, real-time quality change data is obtained through a quality monitor, a quality time history curve is output, and accurate experiment support is provided for stratum leakage collapse research.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of model tests for geotechnical engineering collapse disasters, and specifically to a multi-functional simulation test system for stratum leakage and collapse under hydraulic action. Background Technique

[0002] Stratum collapse is an important branch in the field of geotechnical engineering research. Leakage of water and sand in tunnels, instability of karst cavities, leakage of underground pipelines, etc. may all induce stratum collapse disasters. In order to predict and prevent stratum collapse disasters, it is urgent to develop a general model test system to reproduce the disaster process and thus reveal the occurrence mechanism. Existing model test devices or systems can effectively simulate relevant working conditions, but there are also deficiencies, which are mainly listed as follows:

[0003] The invention patent with the publication number CN112746635B and the name of an experimental device for stratum migration caused by water and sand leakage in a modular foundation pit project discloses an experimental device for stratum migration caused by water and sand leakage in a modular foundation pit project with comprehensive functions such as underground water level control, changing the leakage point position, leakage control, water and soil separation, automatic measurement, visual experiment, and modular assembly. The core technology related to the present invention is: there is a leakage point control channel to simulate water and sand leakage, and a water and sand protection and reverse flow device to guide the water and sand mixture into the water and sand mass automatic measurement device to measure the lost mass in real time. The defect of this technology is that the lateral water and sand leakage targets the specific building characteristics of the foundation pit, while the leakage point occurrence sources of water and sand leakage disasters in geotechnical engineering are mostly located below the stratum, with vertical leakage. Moreover, the lateral panel of the test box of this device will also change the lateral constraint conditions of the model test, which is different from the lateral boundary of the actual foundation pit project. And the size of the leakage point control channel is fixed and cannot be adjusted and changed during the test. At the same time, although the water and sand protection and diversion device has a guiding effect on the leaked water and sand mixture, it changes the natural flow path of the variable leakage of water and sand, and it is also possible that some water and sand mixture remains on it due to friction, resulting in inaccurate mass measured by the water and sand mass automatic measurement device below.

[0004] The invention patent with the publication number CN111122830B and the name of a covered karst collapse simulation test device and its operation method discloses a simulation test device and operation method that can adjust the size, number and position of karst structures, the thickness of the covering soil layer, and the groundwater level. The core technology related to the present invention is: the karst structure opening is equipped with a control valve for adjusting the opening size, and the water level control box is connected to the karst structure opening through a water pipe. The water pipe can supply water to the collapse simulation box or drain it to simulate the water level rise or fall. The defect of this technology is: the opening size adjustment method of the control valve is unclear, and the size of the opening cannot be accurately known. At the same time, multiple control valves are set in the device, and it is unclear whether it is coupled control or single control, which has an unignorable impact on the implementation effect of the technology. The water supply enters the collapse simulation box from the water level control box through the water channel, and enters the collapse simulation box from bottom to top, which cannot simulate the lateral seepage of the water source in the formation. In addition, the water pipe provides a migration channel for the collapsed soil, but it may be blocked by the collapsed soil, affecting the collapse effect, and this device cannot measure the collapse quality.

[0005] The invention patent with publication number CN115165628A and titled A Road Collapse Test System and Method discloses a road collapse test system and method with the comprehensive functions of simulating rainfall, pipeline leakage, and vehicle cyclic load under different soil disease conditions. The core technology related to the present invention is: a rainfall device is set to simulate rainfall, and a steel plate with micropores is set at the bottom of the model box to simulate stratum leakage and collapse. The defect of this technology is that the angle of the rainfall plate cannot be adjusted. The size of the micropores on the steel plate at the bottom of the model box is fixed, and the working conditions simulated by the matrix arrangement of the micropores are unclear. For the simulation of pipeline leakage, only the circulation method of underground pipeline water is explained, and the implementation method of pipeline leakage is not explained. Summary of the invention

[0006] In view of the above-mentioned technical deficiencies, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a multifunctional simulation test system for formation leakage and collapse under hydraulic action, which has the functions of multi-condition hydraulic action simulation and gradual adjustment of leakage outlets, has diversified functions, strong comprehensiveness, high universality, easy processing and manufacturing, and simple structure.

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution:

[0008] A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action, comprising a test bench, a water inlet unit and a quality monitor; the water inlet unit is arranged on the upper part of the test bench, and the quality monitor is arranged on the lower part of the test bench; an opening is arranged on the test bench; and a leakage receiving container is arranged on the quality monitor;

[0009] The water inlet unit comprises:

[0010] Water injection pipe, equipped with a water meter;

[0011] The test box has an operating cover on the top, an upper cover on the operating cover, a water injection pipe connected to the upper cover and connected to the test box; the operating cover is used to adjust the water inlet state;

[0012] The base is arranged above the opening of the test bench, and the upper end surface is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test box;

[0013] The leakage port regulating unit is installed in the base and is used to adjust the flow rate of the observed object flowing from the test chamber to the quality monitor.

[0014] Preferably, a support is fixedly provided on the test bench, a high-speed camera is mounted on the support, and the high-speed camera faces a position below the opening.

[0015] Preferably, a plurality of water inlet and outlet pipes are installed on the outside of the test box; the plurality of water inlet and outlet pipes are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the test box as the center and arranged in an array at equal intervals along the axis of the test box; valves are installed on the water inlet and outlet pipes; and scale bars are provided on the side walls of the test box.

[0016] Preferably, the water inlet unit further comprises a fixing clip; the working cover and the upper cover are mounted on the test box via the fixing clip.

[0017] Preferably, the inner diameter of the test box, the inner diameter of the base, and the diameter of the opening are equal.

[0018] Preferably, the function cover is used to simulate rainfall; a plurality of rainfall holes are arranged on the function cover, and the plurality of rainfall holes are distributed in an array at equal intervals on the function cover; a rainfall hose is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the function cover; a plurality of rainfall hoses are configured, and the plurality of rainfall hoses are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of rainfall holes, and the upper end of the rainfall hose is connected with the rainfall hole; a cover is arranged on one side of the rainfall hole, and one end of the cover can be rotatably mounted on the function cover; a plurality of covers are configured corresponding to the rainfall holes; a grid bracket is arranged below the function cover; the lower end of the rainfall hose is fixed on the grid bracket; a rainfall regulating rod is fixedly arranged on one side of the grid bracket, a first guide hole matched with the rainfall regulating rod is arranged on the function cover, and the rainfall regulating rod can slide through the first guide hole; a rainfall angle scale is arranged on the rainfall regulating rod.

[0019] Preferably, the function cover is used for drainage; the thickness of the function cover gradually decreases from the edge to the axial direction; a small hole is provided at the axial center of the function cover, and a water injection and drainage tube is installed in the small hole, a receiving funnel is installed above the water injection and drainage tube, and an extension tube is installed in a movable sleeve below; a limit rod is detachably provided on one side of the lower part of the water injection and drainage tube; a plurality of adjustment holes matched with the limit rod are provided on the extension tube, and the limit rod is inserted through the adjustment hole and provided on the extension tube; a plurality of adjustment holes are distributed in an equally spaced array along the axial direction of the extension tube; a water injection and drainage adjustment rod is provided below the function cover, and one end of the water injection and drainage adjustment rod is fixedly connected to the water injection and drainage tube; a second guide hole matched with the water injection and drainage adjustment rod is provided on the function cover, and the water injection and drainage adjustment rod can slide through the second guide hole; a drainage angle scale is provided on the water injection and drainage adjustment rod.

[0020] Preferably, the base includes a top cover and a support platform; the top cover is fixed to the upper part of the support platform; a flange is provided on the top cover, and is fixedly connected to the test box through the flange; through holes communicating with the test box are provided on the top cover and the support platform; and a leakage outlet adjustment unit is provided between the top cover and the support platform.

[0021] Preferably, the leakage port regulating unit comprises a square-mouth regulating disk and a plurality of square blades; a first groove for accommodating the square-mouth regulating disk is provided on the top cover, and the square-mouth regulating disk is rotatably installed in the first groove; a first regulating hole connected to the first groove is provided on one side of the top cover; a square leakage port lever is fixedly provided on one side of the square-mouth regulating disk, and one end of the square leakage port lever extends to the outside of the top cover through the first regulating hole; a square leakage port regulating scale line is provided on the top cover above the first regulating hole; a second groove for accommodating the square blade is provided on the support platform, and the square blade is placed in the second groove, and the plurality of square blades are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the support platform as the center; the second A first guide groove is arranged in the groove; a first guide rod is fixedly arranged on the lower end surface of the square blade, and the first guide rod is slidably arranged in the first guide groove; a second guide rod is fixedly arranged on the upper end surface of the square blade; a second guide groove matched with the second guide rod is arranged on the square mouth adjustment disk, and the upper end of the second guide rod is slidably placed in the second guide groove; the second guide groove is arranged along the radial direction of the square mouth adjustment disk; the axes of the first guide rod and the second guide rod are not in the same straight line; the square mouth adjustment disk is rotated by the square leakage port lever, the second guide rod slides along the direction of the second guide groove, and the first guide rod slides in the first guide groove, so that multiple square blades move synchronously.

[0022] Preferably, the leakage port regulating unit comprises a circular-mouth regulating disk and a plurality of arc-shaped blades; a third groove for accommodating the circular-mouth regulating disk is provided on the top cover, and the circular-mouth regulating disk is rotatably installed in the third groove; a second regulating hole connected to the third groove is provided on one side of the top cover; a circular leakage port lever is fixedly provided on one side of the circular-mouth regulating disk, and one end of the circular leakage port lever passes through the second regulating hole and extends to the outside of the top cover; a circular leakage port regulating scale line is provided on the top cover above the second regulating hole; a fourth groove for accommodating the arc-shaped blade is provided on the support platform, and the arc-shaped blade is placed in the fourth groove, and a plurality of arc-shaped blades are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the support platform as the center; the upper end of the arc-shaped blade A third guide rod is fixedly provided on the surface, a third guide groove matched with the third guide rod is provided on the circular mouth adjustment disk, and the upper end of the third guide rod can be slidably placed in the third guide groove; the third guide groove is arranged along the radial direction of the circular mouth adjustment disk; a circular hole is arranged on the arc-shaped blade, and a fourth guide rod matched with the circular hole is fixedly provided on the support platform, and the arc-shaped blade is rotatably mounted on the fourth guide rod through the circular hole; the axes of the third guide rod and the fourth guide rod are not in the same straight line; the circular mouth adjustment disk is rotated by the circular leakage port lever, the third guide rod slides along the direction of the third guide groove, and the arc-shaped blade rotates around the axis of the fourth guide rod, so that multiple arc-shaped blades move synchronously.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] (1) The rainfall cover or drainage and injection cover can be replaced. The rainfall cover can adjust the rainfall range, rainfall angle, and rainfall intensity. The drainage and injection cover has a drainage function, which can reduce the disturbance of water injection to the formation when the simulated water head rises, and the water gushing point can be set at any position for heterogeneous formations.

[0025] (2) It can simulate circular or square leaks, realize gradual changes in the size of the leaks, and can quickly and accurately read the size of the leaks.

[0026] (3) Considering the instantaneous nature of the leakage and collapse process, a high-speed camera and quality monitoring device were set up to record the leakage and collapse process in real time and output the leakage quality time history curve.

[0027] (4) It can simulate various working conditions of ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action in geotechnical engineering and has strong universality. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the square-mouth adjustment disk in the present invention;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the square-mouth adjustment disk in the present invention;

[0032] Figure 5 It is a structural schematic diagram of the round-mouth adjustment disk in the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the round-mouth adjustment disk in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the action cover for simulating rainfall in the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the action cover for simulating rainfall in the present invention;

[0036] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the functional cover used for drainage in the present invention;

[0037] Fig.10 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the functional cover used for drainage in the present invention.

[0038] in:

[0039] 1. Test bench; 2. Leakage receiving container; 3. Quality monitor; 4. High-speed camera; 5. Support; 6. Base; 61. Top cover; 62. Support platform; 63. Square leakage port adjustment scale line; 64. First guide groove; 65. Round leakage port adjustment scale line; 66. Fourth guide rod; 7. Test box; 8. Water injection pipe; 9. Function cover; 91. Rainfall hole; 92. Cover; 93. Rainfall adjustment rod; 94. Grid bracket; 95. Rainfall hose; 96. Extension pipe; 97. Water injection and drainage pipe; 98. Funnel; 99. Injection Water drainage adjustment rod; 910, limit rod; 911, adjustment hole; 10, upper cover; 11, fixing clip; 12, scale bar; 13, water inlet and outlet pipes; 14, leakage outlet adjustment unit; 141, second guide groove; 142, square mouth adjustment disk; 143, square leakage outlet lever; 144, square blade; 145, first guide rod; 146, second guide rod; 147, circular leakage outlet lever; 148, circular mouth adjustment disk; 149, arc blade; 150, third guide rod; 151, third guide groove; 152, circular hole. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0041] like Figures 1 to 10As shown, a multifunctional simulation test system for formation leakage and collapse under hydraulic action includes a test bench 1, a water inlet unit and a quality monitor 3; the water inlet unit is arranged on the upper part of the test bench 1, and the quality monitor 3 is arranged on the lower part of the test bench 1; the test bench 1 is provided with an opening; the quality monitor 3 is provided with a leakage receiving container 2;

[0042] The water inlet unit includes:

[0043] The water injection pipe 8 is equipped with a water meter, and the input flow rate of the water injection pipe 8 is adjustable;

[0044] The test box 7 is provided with an operating cover 9 on the top, an upper cover 10 is provided on the operating cover 9, and a water injection pipe 8 is connected to the upper cover 10 and communicated with the test box 7; the operating cover 9 is used to adjust the water inlet state; the test box 7 is used to lay the test stratum, which can be a homogeneous stratum or a heterogeneous stratum;

[0045] The base 6 is arranged above the opening of the test bench 1, and the upper end surface is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test box 7;

[0046] The leakage regulating unit 14 is installed in the base 6 and is used to adjust the flow rate of the observed object flowing from the test box 7 to the quality monitor 3, where the observed object is a mixture of water and the test formation.

[0047] Water flows from the water injection pipe 8 to the test stratum in the test box 7, and seeps into the leakage receiving container 2 through the base 6 and the leakage regulating unit 14. The quality change is monitored in real time by the quality monitor 3, and data and quality time curve are output.

[0048] In this embodiment, a support 5 is fixedly provided on the test bench 1, and a high-speed camera is installed on the support 5, and the high-speed camera faces the lower position of the opening. The leakage condition is recorded by the high-speed camera. Since the formation leakage and collapse are instantaneous, the dynamic process of leakage and collapse is recorded in real time by a high-speed camera.

[0049] In this embodiment, a plurality of water inlet and outlet pipes 13 are installed outside the test box 7; the plurality of water inlet and outlet pipes 13 are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the test box 7 as the center and are arranged in an array at equal intervals along the axis direction of the test box 7; valves are installed on the water inlet and outlet pipes 13; and a scale bar 12 is provided on the side wall of the test box 7, which can read the water level in the test box 7 in real time. The water inlet and outlet pipes 13 are connected to the water pipes to simulate and study the disturbance effect of the lateral seepage supply of water in the formation, which is more valuable for simulation research on heterogeneous formations.

[0050] In this embodiment, a convex ring is provided on the top edge of the test box 7 , and the water inlet unit further includes a fixing clamp 11 ; the working cover 9 and the upper cover 10 are mounted on the convex ring of the test box 7 via the fixing clamp 11 .

[0051] In this embodiment, the inner diameter of the test box 7, the inner diameter of the base 6, and the diameter of the opening are equal.

[0052] In this embodiment, the function cover 9 is used to simulate rainfall; the function cover 9 is provided with a plurality of rainfall holes 91, and the plurality of rainfall holes 91 are distributed in an array at equal intervals on the function cover 9; a rainfall hose 95 is fixedly provided at the lower end of the function cover 9; a plurality of rainfall hoses 95 are configured, and the plurality of rainfall hoses 95 are correspondingly arranged with the plurality of rainfall holes 91, and the upper end of the rainfall hose 95 is connected with the rainfall hole 91; a cover 92 is provided on one side of the rainfall hole 91, and one end of the cover 92 can be rotatably mounted on the function cover 9; a plurality of covers 92 are configured corresponding to the rainfall holes 91; by covering the corresponding rainfall holes 91 with the cover 92, a rainfall domain of a specific shape or area can be simulated. A grid bracket 94 is provided below the function cover 9; the lower end of the rainfall hose 95 is fixed on the grid bracket 94; a rainfall regulating rod 93 is fixedly provided on one side of the grid bracket 94, a first guide hole adapted to the rainfall regulating rod 93 is provided on the function cover 9, and the rainfall regulating rod 93 can be slidably arranged through the first guide hole; a rainfall angle scale is provided on the rainfall regulating rod 93. The rain adjusting rod 93 is used to pull the grid bracket 94, and in combination with the rain angle scale line, the rain hose 95 is driven to have the required rain angle. At the same time, the rain adjusting rod 93 can also be pulled during the test to achieve a gradual change in the rain angle, and the angle can be quickly and accurately read from the rain angle scale line. The action cover 9 is rotated along the circumference, and in combination with the rain adjusting rod 93, the rain angle can be adjusted in three-dimensional space.

[0053] In this embodiment, in order to prevent the water flow in the water injection pipe 8 from directly falling and impacting the formation, causing unnatural collapse of the formation and affecting the test results, the action cover 9 is used for drainage, thereby reducing the impact of the water flow on the formation; the thickness of the action cover 9 gradually decreases from the edge to the axial direction; a small hole is provided at the axial center of the action cover 9, and a water injection drainage pipe 97 is installed in the small hole, a receiving funnel 98 is installed above the water injection drainage pipe 97, and an extension pipe 96 is installed at the bottom in a movable sleeve; a limit rod 910 is detachably provided on one side of the lower part of the water injection drainage pipe 97; multiple The plurality of adjustment holes 911 are arranged to match the limit rod 910, and the limit rod 910 is inserted through the adjustment hole 911 and is arranged on the extension tube 96; the plurality of adjustment holes 911 are arranged in an array with equal intervals along the axial direction of the extension tube 96; a water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is arranged below the action cover 9, and one end of the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is fixedly connected to the water injection and drainage tube 97; a second guide hole matching the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 is arranged on the action cover 9, and the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 can slide through the second guide hole; and a drainage angle scale is arranged on the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99. The water flows from the inside of the water injection and drainage tube 97 and the extension tube 96 to the top of the formation, thereby simulating the test condition of the water head rising above the formation, and ensuring that the impact of the water flow on the formation is the lightest during the water head rising process. Pulling the water injection and drainage adjustment rod 99 drives the water injection and drainage pipe 97 to tilt at a certain angle, and at the same time rotating the action cover 9 along the circumference, so that the water flows to any position on a certain plane of the formation. It is suitable for spatial asymmetric formation conditions, that is, when a certain point in the inhomogeneous formation encounters a sudden surge of water, causing the formation to become unstable and collapse.

[0054] In this embodiment, the base 6 includes a top cover 61 and a base 62; the top cover 61 is fixed to the upper part of the base 62; a flange is provided on the top cover 61, and is fixedly connected to the test box 7 through the flange; through holes connected to the test box 7 are provided on the top cover 61 and the base 62; the leakage outlet adjustment unit 14 is arranged between the top cover 61 and the base 62.

[0055] In this embodiment, the leakage port regulating unit 14 includes a square-mouth regulating disk 142 and a plurality of square blades 144; a first groove for accommodating the square-mouth regulating disk 142 is provided on the top cover 61, and the square-mouth regulating disk 142 is rotatably installed in the first groove; a first regulating hole 911 communicating with the first groove is provided on one side of the top cover 61; a square leakage port lever 143 is fixedly provided on one side of the square-mouth regulating disk 142, and one end of the square leakage port lever 143 passes through the first regulating hole 911 and extends to the outside of the top cover 61; a square leakage port regulating scale line 63 is provided on the top cover 61 above the first regulating hole 911; a second groove for accommodating the square blade 144 is provided on the support platform 62, and the square blade 144 is placed in the second groove, and a plurality of square blades 144 are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the support platform 62 as the center; a first guide groove 64 is provided in the second groove; the square blades 144 are arranged in a circular array with the axis of the support platform 62 as the center; the ...; the first guide groove 64 is provided in the second groove; the square blades 144 are arranged in a circular array; the first guide groove 64 is provided in the second groove; the square blades 144 are arranged in a circular array; the first guide groove 64 is provided in the second groove; the square blades 14 A first guide rod 145 is fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the blade 144, and the first guide rod 145 is slidably provided in the first guide groove 64; a second guide rod 146 is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the square blade 144; a second guide groove 141 adapted to the second guide rod 146 is provided on the square-mouth adjustment disk 142, and the upper end of the second guide rod 146 is slidably placed in the second guide groove 141; the second guide groove 141 is arranged along the radial direction of the square-mouth adjustment disk 142; the axes of the first guide rod 145 and the second guide rod 146 are not in the same straight line; the square-mouth adjustment disk 142 is rotated by the square leakage port lever 143, the second guide rod 146 slides along the direction of the second guide groove 141, and the first guide rod 145 slides in the first guide groove 64, so that the multiple square blades 144 move synchronously, and the leakage port size in the center of the multiple square blades 144 is adjusted. The square seepage opening lever 143 is moved to the corresponding position of the square seepage opening adjustment scale line 63 to simulate the seepage collapse condition under a specific square seepage opening size, or to simulate the gradual change of the seepage opening size in the test, and the seepage opening size is read quickly and accurately in real time with the help of the square seepage opening adjustment scale line 63. The inner diameters of the circular openings in the center of the top cover 61, the square opening adjustment plate 142 and the base 62 are the same, and are all larger than the maximum seepage opening size, so that the formation collapse will not be affected by the size of the device.

[0056] In this embodiment, the leakage port regulating unit 14 includes a circular adjustment disk 148 and a plurality of arc-shaped blades 149; a third groove for accommodating the circular adjustment disk 148 is provided on the top cover 61, and the circular adjustment disk 148 is rotatably installed in the third groove; a second adjustment hole 911 communicating with the third groove is provided on one side of the top cover 61; a circular leakage port lever 147 is fixedly provided on one side of the circular adjustment disk 148, and one end of the circular leakage port lever 147 passes through the second adjustment hole 911 and extends to the outside of the top cover 61; a circular leakage port regulating scale line 65 is provided on the top cover 61 above the second adjustment hole 911; a fourth groove for accommodating the arc-shaped blade 149 is provided on the support platform 62, and the arc-shaped blade 149 is placed in the fourth groove, and a plurality of arc-shaped blades 149 are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the support platform 62 as the center; a third guide rod 15 is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the arc-shaped blade 149 0, a third guide groove 151 adapted to the third guide rod 150 is provided on the circular mouth adjustment disk 148, and the upper end of the third guide rod 150 can be slidably placed in the third guide groove 151; the third guide groove 151 is arranged along the radial direction of the circular mouth adjustment disk 148; a circular hole 152 is provided on the arc blade 149, and a fourth guide rod 66 adapted to the circular hole 152 is fixedly provided on the support 62, and the arc blade 149 is rotatably mounted on the fourth guide rod 66 through the circular hole 152; the axes of the third guide rod 150 and the fourth guide rod 66 are not in the same straight line; the circular mouth adjustment disk 148 is rotated by the circular leakage port lever 147, the third guide rod 150 slides along the direction of the third guide groove 151, and the arc blade 149 rotates around the axis of the fourth guide rod 66, so that a plurality of arc blades 149 move synchronously to achieve a gradual change in the size of the circular leakage port. The circular seepage opening lever 147 is moved to the corresponding position of the circular seepage opening adjustment scale line 65 to simulate the seepage collapse condition under a specific circular seepage opening size, or to simulate the gradual change of the seepage opening size in the test, and the seepage opening size is read quickly and accurately in real time with the help of the circular seepage opening scale. The inner diameters of the circular openings in the center of the top cover 61, the circular opening adjustment plate 148 and the support 62 are the same, and are all larger than the maximum seepage opening size, so that the formation collapse will not be affected by the size of the device.

[0057] How to use

[0058] 1. Test preparation

[0059] Place the test bench 1 on a stable and level surface to ensure that the equipment is stable.

[0060] The required ground material is laid in the test box 7, and a homogeneous or heterogeneous ground material can be selected and the density can be adjusted.

[0061] Connect the water inlet unit and check whether the water injection pipe 8, the water inlet and outlet pipes 13 and the operating cover 9 are firmly installed.

[0062] 2. Water flow regulation

[0063] The flow rate of the water injection pipe 8 is adjusted to set the water inlet rate, and the water flow distribution can be controlled through the action cover 9.

[0064] Rotate or pull the rainfall adjustment mechanism to adjust the rainfall angle, intensity and range to simulate different rainfall conditions.

[0065] Open the valves of the inlet and outlet pipes 13 to control the lateral seepage of the formation.

[0066] 3. Leakage adjustment

[0067] A square or round seepage regulating unit 14 can be selected for use.

[0068] The size of the leakage opening can be adjusted by lever, which can gradually increase or decrease the leakage opening and observe the stability of the formation under different leakage conditions.

[0069] 4. Experimental monitoring

[0070] The quality monitor 3 is started to record the change of the leakage mass in real time and output the quality time course curve.

[0071] Turn on the high-speed camera, aim it at the opening position, record the leakage and collapse process in real time, and obtain dynamic data.

[0072] 5. Data recording and analysis

[0073] The leakage rate and quality change rules are analyzed through the data of the quality monitor 3.

[0074] The leakage and collapse process recorded by the high-speed camera was reviewed and combined with the leakage port adjustment data to analyze the formation instability mechanism.

[0075] 6. End of the experiment

[0076] The water inlet unit is closed to drain the remaining water and formation materials in the test box 7.

[0077] Clean the equipment, ensure that all components are dry, and store them in a suitable environment until next use.

Claims

1. A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action, characterized in that: The invention comprises a test bench (1), a water inlet unit and a quality monitor (3); the water inlet unit is arranged on the upper part of the test bench (1), and the quality monitor (3) is arranged on the lower part of the test bench (1); and an opening is arranged on the test bench (1); A leakage receiving container (2) is arranged on the quality monitoring instrument (3); The water inlet unit comprises: A water injection pipe (8) equipped with a water meter; The test box (7) is provided with an operating cover (9) on the top, an upper cover (10) is provided on the operating cover (9), and a water injection pipe (8) is connected to the upper cover (10) and communicated with the test box (7); the operating cover (9) is used to adjust the water inlet state; A base (6) is arranged above the opening of the test bench (1), and the upper end surface is fixedly connected to the bottom of the test box (7); The leakage port regulating unit (14) is installed in the base (6) and is used to regulate the flow rate of the observed object flowing from the test box (7) to the quality monitoring instrument (3).

2. A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A support (5) is fixedly arranged on the test bench (1), and a high-speed camera is installed on the support (5), with the high-speed camera facing the position below the opening.

3. The multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of water inlet and outlet pipes (13) are installed outside the test box (7); the plurality of water inlet and outlet pipes (13) are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the test box (7) as the center and are arranged in an array at equal intervals along the axis direction of the test box (7); valves are installed on the water inlet and outlet pipes (13); and a scale bar (12) is arranged on the side wall of the test box (7).

4. The multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The water inlet unit also includes a fixing clamp (11); the operating cover (9) and the upper cover (10) are installed on the test box (7) via the fixing clamp (11).

5. The multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the test box (7), the inner diameter of the base (6), and the diameter of the opening are equal in size.

6. A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The function cover (9) is used to simulate rainfall; a plurality of rainfall holes (91) are arranged on the function cover (9), and the plurality of rainfall holes (91) are distributed in an array at equal intervals on the function cover (9); a rainfall hose (95) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the function cover (9); a plurality of rainfall hoses (95) are arranged, and the plurality of rainfall hoses (95) are arranged corresponding to the plurality of rainfall holes (91), and the upper end of the rainfall hose (95) is connected to the rainfall hole (91); a cover (92) is arranged on one side of the rainfall hole (91), and one end of the cover (92) can be rotatably connected to the rainfall hole (91); The function cover (9) is rotatably mounted on the function cover (9); the cover (92) is provided with a plurality of corresponding rainfall holes (91); a grid bracket (94) is provided below the function cover (9); the lower end of the rainfall hose (95) is fixed on the grid bracket (94); a rainfall regulating rod (93) is fixedly provided on one side of the grid bracket (94); a first guide hole matched with the rainfall regulating rod (93) is provided on the function cover (9), and the rainfall regulating rod (93) is slidably arranged to penetrate the first guide hole; and a rainfall angle scale line is provided on the rainfall regulating rod (93).

7. A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The function cover (9) is used for drainage; the thickness of the function cover (9) gradually decreases from the edge to the axial direction; a small hole is provided at the axial center of the function cover (9), a water injection and drainage pipe (97) is installed in the small hole, a receiving funnel (98) is installed above the water injection and drainage pipe (97), and an extension pipe (96) is installed below in a movably sleeved manner; a limit rod (910) is detachably plugged and provided on one side of the lower part of the water injection and drainage pipe (97); a plurality of adjustment holes (911) adapted to the limit rod (910) are provided on the extension pipe (96), and the limit rod (910) passes through The adjustment hole (911) is plugged and arranged on the extension tube (96); the plurality of adjustment holes (911) are distributed in an array with equal intervals along the axial direction of the extension tube (96); a water injection and drainage adjustment rod (99) is arranged below the function cover (9), and one end of the water injection and drainage adjustment rod (99) is fixedly connected to the water injection and drainage tube (97); a second guide hole matched with the water injection and drainage adjustment rod (99) is arranged on the function cover (9), and the water injection and drainage adjustment rod (99) can slide through the second guide hole; and a drainage angle scale is arranged on the water injection and drainage adjustment rod (99).

8. The multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The base (6) comprises a top cover (61) and a support platform (62); the top cover (61) is fixed to the upper part of the support platform (62); a flange is provided on the top cover (61) and is fixedly connected to the test box (7) via the flange; through holes communicating with the test box (7) are provided on the top cover (61) and the support platform (62); and a leakage port regulating unit (14) is provided between the top cover (61) and the support platform (62).

9. A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The leakage port regulating unit (14) comprises a square port regulating disk (142) and a plurality of square blades (144); the top cover (61) is provided with a first groove for accommodating the square port regulating disk (142), and the square port regulating disk (142) is rotatably mounted in the first groove; a first regulating hole (911) communicating with the first groove is provided on one side of the top cover (61); a square leakage port lever (143) is fixedly provided on one side of the square port regulating disk (142), and the square leakage port lever One end of the (143) passes through the first adjustment hole (911) and extends to the outside of the top cover (61); a square leakage port adjustment scale line (63) is provided on the top cover (61) above the first adjustment hole (911); a second groove for accommodating the square blade (144) is provided on the support platform (62), and the square blade (144) is placed in the second groove. The plurality of square blades (144) are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the support platform (62) as the center; a first guide is provided in the second groove. The first guide rod (145) is fixedly provided on the lower end surface of the square blade (144), and the first guide rod (145) is slidably provided in the first guide groove (64); the second guide rod (146) is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the square blade (144); the second guide groove (141) adapted to the second guide rod (146) is provided on the square-mouth adjustment plate (142), and the upper end of the second guide rod (146) is slidably placed in the second guide groove (141). ); the second guide groove (141) is arranged along the radial direction of the square opening adjustment disk (142); the axes of the first guide rod (145) and the second guide rod (146) are not in the same straight line; the square opening adjustment disk (142) is rotated by the square leakage port lever (143), the second guide rod (146) slides along the direction of the second guide groove (141), and the first guide rod (145) slides in the first guide groove (64), so that the plurality of square blades (144) move synchronously.

10. A multifunctional simulation test system for ground leakage and collapse under hydraulic action as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that: The leakage port regulating unit (14) comprises a circular-mouth regulating disk (148) and a plurality of arc-shaped blades (149); a third groove for accommodating the circular-mouth regulating disk (148) is provided on the top cover (61), and the circular-mouth regulating disk (148) is rotatably installed in the third groove; a second regulating hole (911) communicating with the third groove is provided on one side of the top cover (61); a circular leakage port lever (147) is fixedly provided on one side of the circular-mouth regulating disk (148), and the circular leakage port lever (147) is One end passes through the second adjustment hole (911) and extends to the outside of the top cover (61); a circular leakage port adjustment scale line (65) is provided on the top cover (61) above the second adjustment hole (911); a fourth groove for accommodating the arc-shaped blade (149) is provided on the support platform (62), and the arc-shaped blade (149) is placed in the fourth groove, and a plurality of arc-shaped blades (149) are distributed in a circular array with the axis of the support platform (62) as the center; a third guide rod is fixedly provided on the upper end surface of the arc-shaped blade (149) (150), a third guide groove (151) matched with the third guide rod (150) is arranged on the circular mouth adjustment disk (148), and the upper end of the third guide rod (150) can be slidably placed in the third guide groove (151); the third guide groove (151) is arranged along the radial direction of the circular mouth adjustment disk (148); a circular hole (152) is arranged on the arc-shaped blade (149), and a fourth guide rod (66) matched with the circular hole (152) is fixedly arranged on the support platform (62), and the arc-shaped blade (149) is provided with a circular hole (152). The blade (149) is rotatably mounted on the fourth guide rod (66) through the circular hole (152); the axes of the third guide rod (150) and the fourth guide rod (66) are not in the same straight line; by rotating the circular opening adjustment disk (148) through the circular leakage opening lever (147), the third guide rod (150) slides along the direction of the third guide groove (151), and the arc-shaped blade (149) rotates around the axis of the fourth guide rod (66), so that the plurality of arc-shaped blades (149) move synchronously.

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