Multiple prediction method and device, equipment and storage medium

Abstract

The invention discloses a multiple prediction method and device, equipment and a storage medium, and relates to the field of seismic exploration. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a seismic data set of a target area, wherein the seismic data set comprises at least one piece of seismic trace data; according to the target area, a co-square surface element is established, the co-square surface element is divided into at least one square grid, and each grid correspondingly predicts a multiple wave; according to the position of the at least one seismic channel data and the position of the first grid, determining alternative channel data corresponding to the first grid; according to the alternative channel data corresponding to each grid, determining input channel data corresponding to the first grid, the input channel data including alternative channel data corresponding to at least one grid; and carrying out convolution on alternative channel data in the input channel data to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid. According to the method, the seismic trace data of the region corresponding to each grid in the target region is represented by the alternative trace data, so that the prediction precision of the multiple waves corresponding to the grids is improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of seismic exploration, and in particular to a multiple wave prediction method, device, equipment and storage medium. Background Art

[0002] In seismic exploration, the interaction between the sea level and the seabed will generate multiple waves, which are mixed in the effective waves. These multiple waves reduce the resolution of the seismic profile. If the multiple waves are not handled properly, they are easy to confuse and interfere with the primary wave, seriously affecting the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging.

[0003] In the related art, the Three Dimensional Surface Relative Multiples Elimination (3D-SRME) technology is used to perform convolution operation on the gather data within each minimum scale grid range to obtain the multiple waves within the range.

[0004] However, the above method requires that each detection point has a corresponding shot point, which leads to large errors in multiple wave prediction. Summary of the invention

[0005] The embodiment of the present application provides a method, device, equipment and storage medium for predicting multiple waves. The technical solution is as follows:

[0006] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a method for predicting multiple waves is provided, the method comprising:

[0007] Acquire a seismic data set of a target area, wherein the seismic data set includes at least one seismic trace data, wherein the seismic trace data refers to data of seismic waves during the process of being excited at a shot point and returning to a receiving point;

[0008] According to the target area, a common square surface element is established, wherein the common square surface element is divided into at least one square grid, and each of the grids corresponds to a predicted multiple wave;

[0009] Determine, according to the position of the at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, substitute trace data corresponding to the first grid, wherein the substitute trace data is used to indicate seismic trace data of an area corresponding to the first grid;

[0010] Determine input track data corresponding to the first grid according to substitute track data corresponding to each grid, wherein the input track data includes substitute track data corresponding to at least one grid;

[0011] Convolution is performed on the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

[0012] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a multiple wave prediction device is provided, the device comprising:

[0013] A data acquisition module, used to acquire a seismic data set of a target area, wherein the seismic data set includes at least one seismic trace data, wherein the seismic trace data refers to data of seismic waves during the process of being excited at a shot point and returning to a receiving point;

[0014] A bin establishment module, used for establishing a common square bin according to the target area, wherein the common square bin is divided into at least one square grid, and each grid corresponds to a predicted multiple wave;

[0015] A substitute trace determination module, used to determine substitute trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the position of the at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, wherein the substitute trace data is used to indicate seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid;

[0016] An input track determination module, used to determine the input track data corresponding to the first grid according to the substitute track data corresponding to each grid, wherein the input track data includes substitute track data corresponding to at least one grid;

[0017] The multiple wave determination module is used to convolve the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

[0018] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer device is provided, the computer device comprising a processor and a memory, the memory storing a computer program, the computer program being loaded and executed by the processor to implement the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method.

[0019] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer-readable storage medium is provided, in which a computer program is stored. The computer program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method.

[0020] According to one aspect of an embodiment of the present application, a computer program product is provided. The computer program product includes a computer program. The computer program is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method.

[0021] The technical solution provided in the embodiments of the present application can bring the following beneficial effects:

[0022] The target area is established as a square surface element, and the substitute trace data corresponding to each grid in the square surface element is determined. According to the substitute trace data corresponding to each grid, the input trace data corresponding to the first grid is determined. The seismic trace data originally distributed unevenly are relatively evenly represented by the substitute trace data in the area corresponding to each grid in the target area, so as to avoid inaccurate prediction of multiple waves corresponding to each grid due to uneven data distribution, reduce the repeated selection of substitute trace data in the input trace data corresponding to each grid, improve the calculation efficiency, and improve the prediction accuracy of multiple waves corresponding to the grid. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of an implementation environment of a solution provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is a flow chart of a method for predicting multiple waves provided by one embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of a common square face element provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an input data pool provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram comparing the number of shot points and the number of detection points provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram that the seismic trace data provided by the relevant technology are repeatedly selected;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of selecting a first preset range provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the correspondence between the optimal point number and the seismic trace length in the Fourier transform process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0031] Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a convolution process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0032] Fig.10 is a schematic diagram of a multiple wave suppression process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0033] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a multiple wave prediction and suppression process provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0034] Fig.12 is a block diagram of a multiple wave prediction device provided by an embodiment of the present application;

[0035] Fig.13 It is a structural block diagram of a computer device provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the implementation methods of the present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0037] In seismic exploration, the interaction between the sea level and the seabed will generate multiple waves, which are mixed in the effective waves. These multiple waves reduce the resolution of the seismic profile. If the multiple waves are not handled properly, they are easy to confuse and interfere with the primary wave, seriously affecting the authenticity and reliability of seismic imaging, misleading geological interpretation personnel, and reducing the success rate of oil and gas drilling. Therefore, the effective prediction and suppression of multiple waves is crucial to oil and gas exploration.

[0038] Offshore seismic exploration data are often affected by two strong reflection interfaces, the sea level and the seabed, which will generate a large number of strong multiple waves. In particular, the strongest multiple waves between the sea level and the seabed are due to the fact that the reflection coefficient of the sea level is almost close to -1. After the seismic wave reaches the sea level, about 100% of the energy is fully reflected back to below the sea level, and the seabed is also a particularly strong reflection layer. The multiple reflections between the sea level and the seabed form ringing, which seriously interferes with the subsequent normal reflection waves. In addition, not only the reflection waves that directly reach the seabed from the excitation point will produce ringing, but also the reflection waves generated by any underground strata will be reflected to the seabed when they reach the sea level, and continue to produce new ringing. The intensity of these ringing is often stronger than the reflection waves of general underground strata, which seriously obscures the normal reflection signals. These ringings are all caused by the sea level and the seabed. The oil and gas exploration industry usually refers to them collectively as surface-related multiple waves (Surface Relative Multiples). In order to effectively suppress the sea level-related multiple waves, correlation filtering, multi-channel wave field extrapolation, resonance attenuation and other technologies can be used. At the same time, when collecting offshore seismic data, the observation lines should be carefully planned and the appropriate receiver layout should be selected to minimize the impact of multiple waves from seawater.

[0039] Please refer to Figure 1 , which shows a schematic diagram of a solution implementation environment provided by an embodiment of the present application. The solution implementation environment can be implemented as a multiple wave prediction system. The solution implementation environment may include: a computer device 110 and a data acquisition system 120.

[0040] The computer device 110 is an electronic device used to process, analyze and interpret seismic data. The computer device may be a device such as a PC (Personal Computer), a tablet computer, a smart phone, a wearable device, an intelligent robot, etc.

[0041] The data acquisition system 120 includes a ground excitation device 121 and a seismic detector 122. The ground excitation device 121 is used to excite seismic waves so that the excited seismic waves are transmitted underground, and the seismic detector 122 is used to collect and record received seismic signals. The ground excitation device 121 and the seismic detector 122 can be set to one or more.

[0042] In the embodiment of the present application, the ground excitation device 121 and the seismic detector 122 are arranged on the sea level, and multiple ground excitation devices 121 and seismic detectors 122 can be arranged in the target area. The ground excitation device 121 excites the seismic wave to propagate under the sea, and after multiple reflections of the seismic wave on the seabed and the sea level, multiple waves will be generated, resulting in the seismic signal received by the seismic detector being mixed with normal reflected waves and multiple waves. The data acquisition system sends the seismic data of the ground excitation device and the seismic data of the seismic detector to the computer device 110, and the computer device 110 predicts multiple waves on the seismic trace data, obtains the multiple waves therein, and then subtracts the predicted multiple waves from the seismic trace data to obtain the seismic trace data after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0043] Please refer to Figure 2 , which shows a flowchart of a method for predicting multiple waves provided by an embodiment of the present application. The execution subject of each step of the method may be a computer device. The method may include at least one of the following steps 210 to 250:

[0044] Step 210, obtaining a seismic data set of the target area, wherein the seismic data set includes at least one seismic trace data, and the seismic trace data refers to the data of the seismic wave in the process of being excited at the shot point and returning to the receiving point.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present application, the target area refers to any area on the sea level, and multiple shot points and multiple detection points are set in the target area. The shot point refers to the location where seismic waves are excited in geological exploration work. The detection point is also called the receiving point, which refers to the location where seismic waves returned from underground are received. The detection point is the receiving point corresponding to each seismic channel distributed in a certain form in the arrangement of received seismic waves.

[0046] Seismic channel data is composed of a series of seismic waveform channels, each of which is a one-dimensional signal channel, specifically a series of data from the time when the seismic wave is excited at the shot point to the time when it returns to the receiving point.

[0047] For example, the seismic trace data includes the shot point location, the detection point location, the seismic wave data emitted by the shot point, the seismic wave data received by the detection point, etc. According to the shot point location and the detection point location, the center point location of the seismic trace, the shot offset and other data can be obtained.

[0048] The seismic trace data in the seismic data set are preprocessed seismic trace data, which are used to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the seismic trace data, thereby improving the accuracy of multiple wave prediction.

[0049] Step 220: establishing a common square bin according to the target area, wherein the common square bin is divided into at least one square grid, and each grid corresponds to a predicted multiple wave.

[0050] Common Square Bin (CSB) is a region consisting of at least one square grid, such as Figure 3 As shown, the target area is divided into several square grids, and the area corresponding to each grid can predict a multiple wave. For example, the grid scale can select CMP (Common Middle Point, common center point gather) bin as the minimum scale.

[0051] Each grid may contain one seismic trace, multiple seismic traces, or no seismic traces. The grid containing seismic traces mentioned here may refer to the existence of shot points or detection points in the seismic trace in the corresponding area of ​​the grid, or may refer to the existence of shot points or detection points in the seismic trace on the grid lines of the grid. If the shot points or detection points in the seismic trace are located on the grid lines of the grid, the seismic traces can be assigned to each grid point according to the definition rules. For example, the seismic traces on the upper grid line and the left grid line of the grid can be assigned to the grid according to the definition rules.

[0052] Figure 3 The shot points and receiver points in the seismic trace data shown are located on grid points of different grids, so the seismic trace can belong to different grids. For example, the seismic trace on the grid point can be defined to be assigned to the grid located at the lower right. The receiver point of the seismic trace belongs to grid A, and the shot point belongs to grid B. Then the seismic trace belongs to both grid A and grid B. The center point refers to the midpoint on the line connecting the shot point and the receiver point. Figure 3 Each grid point shown can be both a shot point and a receiver point.

[0053] The embodiment of the present application is used to predict the multiple waves of the area corresponding to each grid. When predicting the multiple waves corresponding to each grid, it is necessary to determine the node where each grid is predicted and the input channel data required for each grid prediction. A node refers to a processing interface in the operation process of a computer device. For the grids in the target area, multiple nodes need to be provided to predict the multiple waves of the grids in the target area.

[0054] Each node is used to predict the multiple waves corresponding to at least one grid, and each node corresponds to an output channel, and each output channel is used to output the multiple waves corresponding to at least one grid to be predicted by the corresponding node. The number of grids processed by each node can be the same or different.

[0055] In some embodiments, at least one grid to be predicted for each node is determined based on the grid corresponding to the position of at least one seismic trace data, and the output trace corresponding to each node is used to output multiple waves corresponding to at least one grid.

[0056] That is, according to the positions of each grid in the target area, the grid to be predicted by each node is determined, so that the multiple waves corresponding to which grids are to be output by the output channel of each node can be determined. For example, each column of grids in the target area can be assigned to a node prediction, each row of grids in the target area can be assigned to a node prediction, multiple consecutive grids in each row or column in the target area can be assigned to a node prediction, and n×m grids in the target area can be assigned to a node prediction, where n and m are positive integers. The n and m mentioned here can be the same or different, and this application does not limit them.

[0057] The grids corresponding to the positions of the seismic trace data mentioned here may include grids corresponding to the shot point positions in the seismic trace data and grids corresponding to the detection point positions in the seismic trace data.

[0058] Each node corresponds to an input data pool, and each input data pool includes input channel data corresponding to at least one grid to be predicted by the node. Figure 4 As shown, the computer device contains a total of N nodes, and the input data pools corresponding to the nodes constitute the data pool for predicting multiple waves in the target area. For example, the input data pool 1 corresponding to node 1, the input data pool 2 corresponding to node 2, ..., the input data pool N corresponding to node N constitute the data pool for predicting multiple waves corresponding to the common square surface elements.

[0059] In some embodiments, the maximum data volume of the input channel data of each grid to be predicted by the node is determined based on the memory of the input data pool corresponding to the node and at least one grid to be predicted by the node, and the input data pool contains the input channel data of at least one grid to be predicted by the node; based on the maximum data volume, a second preset range is determined.

[0060] The memory of the input data pool corresponding to each node is the same. The memory size of the input data pool corresponding to each node is related to the processing performance of the computer device, and this application does not limit this.

[0061] According to the memory of the input data pool corresponding to the node and at least one grid to be predicted by the node, the maximum data volume of the input channel data of each grid is determined. The maximum data volume refers to the number of alternative channel data contained in the input channel data of each grid, and the alternative channel data is used to indicate the seismic channel data of the area corresponding to each grid. According to the maximum data volume, the second preset range is determined, and the second preset range is used to search for the input channel data corresponding to each grid, that is, to determine the number of alternative channel data in the input channel data corresponding to each grid. Therefore, the larger the second preset range, the more the number of alternative channel data in the input channel data corresponding to each grid, and the smaller the second preset range, the fewer the number of alternative channel data in the input channel data corresponding to each grid.

[0062] Step 230: Determine substitute trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the position of at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, wherein the substitute trace data is used to indicate seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid.

[0063] Ideally, each detector point corresponds to a shot point. However, due to the limitations of acquisition costs and complex surface conditions in the actual field seismic data acquisition process, seismic data are often sparsely and irregularly sampled in the spatial direction, such as Figure 5 As shown in the figure, in the plane diagram of the target area, the shot points are sparsely arranged, while the detection points are densely arranged. Therefore, there may be many repeated seismic traces or no seismic traces in each grid. It is necessary to screen the seismic trace data and determine the replacement trace data corresponding to each grid from the seismic data set. The remaining seismic trace data that are not replacement trace data will not participate in the subsequent prediction of multiple waves.

[0064] In the related art, when determining the input channel data corresponding to each grid, there are a lot of duplications in the input channels of two adjacent grids. In the calculation of multiple adjacent grids, a channel will be repeatedly input multiple times. Figure 6 The schematic diagram shows that different seismic trace data are repeatedly selected. In order to reduce the repeated input of seismic trace data, alternative trace data are used to indicate the seismic trace data of the corresponding area of ​​each grid.

[0065] The first grid refers to any grid in the common square face element. If the first grid contains only one seismic trace data, the seismic trace data is used as the replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid. If the first grid contains multiple seismic trace data, or the first grid does not contain seismic trace data, refer to the following steps to determine the replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid. For the relevant explanation of the seismic trace data contained in the grid, please refer to the above, which will not be repeated here.

[0066] Step 230 includes at least one sub-step among steps 231 to 238 (not shown in the figure).

[0067] Step 231: Acquire the position of at least one first seismic trace data within the first preset range of the first grid according to the first preset range.

[0068] The first seismic channel data refers to the seismic channel data within the first preset range centered on the first grid, and in at least one first seismic channel data within the first preset range, the replacement channel data corresponding to the first grid is determined. The position of the first seismic channel data refers to the shot point position or the detection point position in the seismic channel data within the first preset range of the first grid.

[0069] Optionally, the first preset range may be a circular area range, and the first preset range of the first grid may be an area range with the center point of the first grid as the center of the circle, such as Figure 7 The first preset range 701 is shown, and the position of at least one first seismic trace data within the first preset range 701 is obtained.

[0070] Optionally, the first preset range may also be a rectangular area range, and the first preset range of the first grid may be an area range with the center point of the first grid as the center point of the rectangular area range, such as Figure 7 The first preset range 702 shown is a 5×5 square area, and the position of at least one first seismic trace data within the first preset range 702 is obtained.

[0071] The size of the first preset range can be set according to actual multiple wave prediction requirements, and this application does not limit it.

[0072] Step 232, according to the position of the first seismic trace data, obtain the shot point position and the detection point position in the first seismic trace data.

[0073] If the position of the first seismic channel data is the shot point position in the first seismic channel data, then the detection point position in the first seismic channel data is obtained; if the position of the first seismic channel data is the detection point position in the first seismic channel data, then the shot point position in the first seismic channel data is obtained.

[0074] Step 233, constructing an objective function based on the shot point positions and the detection point positions in the first seismic channel data and the position of the first grid, wherein the objective function is a function obtained by weighted summing the distance difference between the shot point positions of the first grid and the first seismic channel data, the distance difference between the detection point positions of the first grid and the first seismic channel data, the difference in shot-detection distances of the first grid and the first seismic channel data, the difference in azimuths of the first grid and the first seismic channel data, and the distance difference between the center point positions of the first grid and the first seismic channel data.

[0075] The position of the first grid refers to any position within the area of ​​the first grid, for example, it can be the position of the center point of the first grid, it can also be a position on the grid line of the first grid, or it can also be the position of a grid point of the first grid. It should be noted that when constructing corresponding objective functions for different grids, the grid positions used are the same positions on the grids, for example, the center point position of the grid is used to construct the objective function, or the position of the upper left grid point of the grid is used to construct the objective function.

[0076] Optionally, the position of the first grid is used as the shot point position and the detection point position corresponding to the first grid. Then, according to the shot point position in the first seismic track data and the position of the first grid, the distance difference between the shot point position of the first grid and the first seismic track data is determined. According to the detection point position in the first seismic track data and the position of the first grid, the distance difference between the detection point position of the first grid and the first seismic track data is determined. Since the shot offset corresponding to the first grid is 0, the shot offset of the first seismic track data is determined as the difference between the shot offsets of the first grid and the first seismic track data. A two-dimensional rectangular coordinate system is constructed based on the common square face element, the azimuth of the first grid refers to the azimuth of the position of the first grid relative to the origin of the coordinate system, and the azimuth of the first seismic track data refers to the azimuth of the center point position of the first seismic track data relative to the origin of the coordinate system, thereby obtaining the difference in azimuth between the first grid and the first seismic track data. Since the position of the center point corresponding to the first grid is the position of the first grid, the distance difference between the center point position of the first grid and the first seismic track data is determined according to the center point position of the first seismic track data and the position of the first grid.

[0077] Optionally, the position of the first grid is used as the shot point position corresponding to the first grid, and a grid position around the first grid is used as the detection point position corresponding to the first grid. For example, the position of the grid immediately to the left of the first grid can be used as the detection point position corresponding to the first grid, or the grid position one grid away from the left of the first grid can be used as the detection point position corresponding to the first grid. The objective function is constructed based on the shot point position and the detection point position in the first seismic trace data, and the shot point position and the detection point position corresponding to the first grid.

[0078] Optionally, the position of the first grid is used as the detection point position corresponding to the first grid, and a grid position around the first grid is used as the shot point position corresponding to the first grid. For example, the position of the right grid adjacent to the first grid can be used as the shot point position corresponding to the first grid, or the grid position one grid away from the right of the first grid can be used as the shot point position corresponding to the first grid. According to the shot point position and the detection point position in the first seismic channel data, and the shot point position and the detection point position corresponding to the first grid, an objective function is constructed.

[0079] Exemplarily, the objective function corresponding to the first grid can be expressed as:

[0080] O bj =W s *S d +W r *R d +W o *Offd d +W a *Azi d +W m *Mid d

[0081] Among them, S d represents the distance difference between the normalized shot point positions of the first grid and the first seismic channel data, R d Indicates the distance difference between the normalized detection point positions of the first grid and the first seismic channel data, Off d Azi represents the difference in normalized offset between the first grid and the first seismic trace data. d The difference between the normalized azimuth of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, Mid d represents the distance difference between the normalized center point of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, W s ,W r ,W o ,W a ,W m is a preset weighting factor.

[0082] Then, according to the value of the objective function corresponding to at least one first seismic trace data, the replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid is determined.

[0083] Step 234, obtaining the first seismic trace data corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function as the original replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid.

[0084] The objective function value of the first grid relative to at least one first seismic trace data is obtained, and the first seismic trace data corresponding to the minimum objective function value is used as the original replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid. The original replacement trace data refers to the unprocessed first seismic trace data.

[0085] Step 235, performing offset correction on the original substitute trace data to obtain corrected substitute trace data.

[0086] Through dynamic correction and reaction correction, the original substitute trace data is corrected for offset to obtain the corrected substitute trace data.

[0087] Step 236, applying a compensation operator to the corrected substitute track data to obtain compensated substitute track data.

[0088] Exemplarily, the compensated alternative track data can be expressed as:

[0089] f F (t) = e αt f(t)

[0090] Among them, f(t) represents the original replacement track data, and α represents the compensation operator.

[0091] Step 237, performing fast Fourier transform on the compensated substitute track data to obtain transformed substitute track data.

[0092] Step 238: Apply an inverse compensation operator to the transformed substitute track data to obtain substitute track data corresponding to the first grid.

[0093] Exemplarily, the alternative track data corresponding to the first grid can be expressed as:

[0094] f R (t) = e -αt ·f W (t)

[0095] Among them, f W (t) represents the transformed substitute track data, and -α represents the anti-compensation operator.

[0096] By applying the compensation operator before the fast Fourier transform, the reflection amplitude of the original alternative channel data is increased, and the anti-compensation operator is applied after the fast Fourier transform to restore the original amplitude, the problem of small amplitude distortion can be solved, the alternative channel data can be optimized, and the prediction accuracy of multiple waves can be improved.

[0097] Figure 8 The corresponding relationship between the optimal number of points and the length of the seismic trace in the Fourier transform process is shown. It can be seen that for a certain seismic trace length, it has the optimal number of Fourier transform points and seismic trace length. After optimization, the calculation trap of Fourier transform is avoided, and the calculation efficiency and accuracy are improved.

[0098] Step 240 , determining input track data corresponding to the first grid according to the substitute track data corresponding to each grid, wherein the input track data includes substitute track data corresponding to at least one grid.

[0099] Step 230 determines a replacement channel data corresponding to each grid, thereby determining the input channel data corresponding to each grid according to the replacement channel data corresponding to each grid and the maximum data volume of the input channel data of each grid.

[0100] In some embodiments, at least one second substitute track data within the second preset range of the first grid is acquired according to the second preset range; and the at least one second substitute track data is determined as the input track data corresponding to the first grid.

[0101] The second substitute track data refers to substitute track data corresponding to a grid within a second preset range centered on the first grid, and the second preset range is a region range different from the first preset range.

[0102] Optionally, the second preset range may be a circular area or a rectangular area. If the second preset range is a circular area, the second alternative track data may be alternative track data corresponding to each complete grid within the second preset range, or alternative track data corresponding to the grid included in the second preset range.

[0103] As described above, the second preset range is determined according to the maximum data volume of the input track data of each grid. Therefore, the amount of the second replacement track data within the second preset range is less than or equal to the maximum data volume of the input track data corresponding to the first grid.

[0104] Step 250: Convolve the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

[0105] In some embodiments, the input trace data are divided into a common shot point trace set and a common detection point trace set; the alternative trace data in the common shot point trace set and the alternative trace data in the common detection point trace set are convolved to obtain at least one convolution data; and the at least one convolution data is superimposed to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

[0106] A common shot point gather refers to a gather of seismic data that is excited by the same shot point and received by different detection points. A common detection point gather refers to a gather of seismic data that is excited by the same detection point and received by different shot points.

[0107] The input channel data is divided into a common shot gather and a common detection point gather, and an alternative channel data in the common shot gather and an alternative channel data in the common detection point gather are randomly selected, and the alternative channel data in the common shot gather and the alternative channel data in the common detection point gather are convolved to obtain a convolution data. At least one convolution data corresponding to each alternative channel data in the common shot gather and the common detection point gather is obtained, and the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid are obtained by superimposing them.

[0108] The convolution process can be referred to Fig. 9As shown, the convolution of two alternative trace data is equivalent to connecting the ray paths of the two alternative trace data together, thereby generating multiple waves. The connection point of the two alternative trace data can also be called a multiple contribution point (multiple contribution). The contribution point is the shot point of one of the traces and the receiving point of the other trace.

[0109] Exemplarily, the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid can be expressed as:

[0110]

[0111] in, represents the replacement trace data in the common detection point gather in the input trace data of the i-th grid, represents the replacement trace data in the common shot point gather in the input trace data of the i-th grid, M (i) (x r ,y r ,x s ,y s ,ω) represents the multiple waves corresponding to the i-th grid.

[0112] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application establishes the target area as a square surface element, determines the replacement trace data corresponding to each grid in the square surface element, and determines the input trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the replacement trace data corresponding to each grid. The seismic trace data originally distributed unevenly are used to relatively evenly represent the seismic trace data corresponding to each grid in the target area by using the replacement trace data, thereby avoiding inaccurate prediction of multiple waves corresponding to each grid due to uneven data distribution, reducing the repeated selection of replacement trace data in the input trace data corresponding to each grid, improving the calculation efficiency, and improving the prediction accuracy of multiple waves corresponding to the grid.

[0113] In some embodiments, after obtaining the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid, the least squares method is used for adaptive subtraction to subtract the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid from the alternative trace data corresponding to the first grid to obtain the seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0114] The least squares adaptive subtraction means that the seismic trace data after suppressing multiple waves in the area corresponding to the first grid = the replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid - λ * the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid, λ represents the weight coefficient.

[0115] The process of suppressing multiple waves can be referred to Fig.10 As shown, Fig.10 Figure (a) shows the alternative channel data corresponding to the first grid. Fig.10 Figure (b) shows the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid. Fig.10Figure (c) shows the seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid after suppressing multiple waves.

[0116] Fig.11 A flow chart showing the multiple wave prediction and suppression process.

[0117] Step S1, input earthquake data set.

[0118] Step S2, establish common square bins, and sort the seismic data by common square bins. Determine the grid position of each seismic trace data in the common square bins.

[0119] Step S3, by sorting the output channels, determine the working channel of each node, assign each grid to the corresponding node to perform multiple wave prediction, and determine the grid to be predicted by each node.

[0120] Step S4, opening up memory space according to the memory of the input data pool. Opening up corresponding memory space for each node according to the memory of the input data pool corresponding to each node.

[0121] Step S5, looping the output channels of the current node, determining the maximum number of input channels for each working channel. According to the memory of the input data pool corresponding to the node and the number of grids to be predicted by the node, the maximum number of input channels in the input channel data corresponding to each grid is determined.

[0122] Step S6, establish an objective function and determine the substitute trace data of each grid. With the grid as the center, search for the substitute trace data of the grid within the first preset range, and determine the seismic trace data with the minimum value of the objective function as the substitute trace data of the grid according to the value of the objective function.

[0123] Step S7, if the capacity of the input data pool is full, the output channel cycle is stopped. Taking the grid as the center, the input channel data of the grid is determined within the second preset range. When the data volume of the input channel data of the grid reaches the maximum data volume, the input channel data of the grid is stopped from being added.

[0124] Step S8, read the substitute trace data into the input data pool, and perform offset correction. Add the input trace data of each grid into the input data pool of the corresponding node, and screen the repeatedly selected substitute trace data to obtain the input data pool of the node.

[0125] Step S9, using compensation and anti-compensation technology to correct data. Using compensation and anti-compensation technology to correct data of each substitute channel in the input data pool, the problem of small amplitude distortion in the substitute channel data is solved, and the prediction accuracy of multiple waves is improved.

[0126] Step S10, convolve two data tracks in the grid input track data. The input track data is divided into a common shot point track gather and a common detection point track gather, and the substitute track data in the common shot point track gather and the substitute track data in the common detection point track gather are convoluted to obtain at least one convolution data track.

[0127] Step S11, superimposing at least one convolution data to obtain multiple waves of the grid.

[0128] Step S12, using the least square method to adaptively subtract the predicted multiple waves from the original data to obtain the seismic trace data after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0129] The following is an embodiment of the device of the present application, which can be used to execute the embodiment of the method of the present application. For details not disclosed in the embodiment of the device of the present application, please refer to the embodiment of the method of the present application.

[0130] Please refer to Fig.12 , which shows a block diagram of a multiple wave prediction device provided by an embodiment of the present application. The device has the function of implementing the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method, and the function can be implemented by hardware, or by hardware executing corresponding software. The device can be the computer device introduced above, or it can be set in a computer device. Fig.12 As shown, the apparatus 1200 may include: a data acquisition module 1210 , a bin building module 1220 , a substitute trace determination module 1230 , an input trace determination module 1240 , and a multiple wave determination module 1250 .

[0131] The data acquisition module 1210 is used to acquire a seismic data set of a target area, wherein the seismic data set includes at least one seismic trace data, and the seismic trace data refers to the data of the seismic wave in the process of being excited at the shot point and returning to the receiving point.

[0132] The bin establishing module 1220 is used to establish common square bins according to the target area, wherein the common square bins are divided into at least one square grid, and each grid corresponds to a predicted multiple wave.

[0133] The substitute trace determination module 1230 is used to determine substitute trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the position of the at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, wherein the substitute trace data is used to indicate seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid.

[0134] The input channel determination module 1240 is used to determine the input channel data corresponding to the first grid according to the substitute channel data corresponding to each grid, wherein the input channel data includes substitute channel data corresponding to at least one grid.

[0135] The multiple wave determination module 1250 is used to convolve the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

[0136] In some embodiments, the alternative path determination module 1230 is used to:

[0137] According to the first preset range, obtaining the position of at least one first seismic trace data within the first preset range of the first grid;

[0138] According to the position of the first seismic trace data, obtaining the shot point position and the detection point position in the first seismic trace data;

[0139] According to the shot point positions and the detection point positions in the first seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, an objective function is constructed, wherein the objective function is a function obtained by weighted summing the distance difference between the shot point positions of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, the distance difference between the detection point positions of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, the difference between the shot offsets of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, the difference between the azimuths of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, and the distance difference between the center point positions of the first grid and the first seismic trace data;

[0140] The replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid is determined according to the value of the objective function corresponding to the at least one first seismic trace data.

[0141] In some embodiments, the alternative path determination module 1230 is used to:

[0142] Acquire the first seismic trace data corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function as the original replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid;

[0143] Performing offset correction on the original substitute trace data to obtain corrected substitute trace data;

[0144] Applying a compensation operator to the corrected substitute track data to obtain compensated substitute track data;

[0145] Performing a fast Fourier transform on the compensated substitute track data to obtain transformed substitute track data;

[0146] An inverse compensation operator is applied to the transformed substitute track data to obtain substitute track data corresponding to the first grid.

[0147] In some embodiments, the input channel determination module 1240 is used to:

[0148] According to the second preset range, acquiring at least one second replacement track data within the second preset range of the first grid;

[0149] The at least one second replacement track data is determined as the input track data corresponding to the first grid.

[0150] In some embodiments, the multiple wave determination module 1250 is used to:

[0151] The input trace data is divided into a common shot point gather and a common detection point gather;

[0152] Convolving the substitute trace data in the common shot point gather and the substitute trace data in the common detection point gather to obtain at least one convolution data;

[0153] The at least one convolution data is superimposed to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

[0154] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1200 further comprises a pressing module, wherein the pressing module is configured to:

[0155] Adopting the least square method for adaptive subtraction, the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid are subtracted from the alternative trace data corresponding to the first grid to obtain the seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid after suppressing the multiple waves.

[0156] In some embodiments, the apparatus 1200 further includes a node allocation module, wherein the node allocation module is configured to:

[0157] Determine at least one grid to be predicted for each node according to the grid corresponding to the position of the at least one seismic trace data, and the output trace of each node is used to output multiple waves corresponding to the at least one grid;

[0158] Determining a maximum data volume of input channel data of each grid to be predicted by the node according to a memory of an input data pool corresponding to the node and at least one grid to be predicted by the node, wherein the input data pool contains input channel data of at least one grid to be predicted by the node;

[0159] A second preset range is determined according to the maximum data volume.

[0160] The technical solution provided by the embodiment of the present application establishes the target area as a square surface element, determines the replacement trace data corresponding to each grid in the square surface element, and determines the input trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the replacement trace data corresponding to each grid. The seismic trace data originally distributed unevenly are used to relatively evenly represent the seismic trace data corresponding to each grid in the target area by using the replacement trace data, thereby avoiding inaccurate prediction of multiple waves corresponding to each grid due to uneven data distribution, reducing the repeated selection of replacement trace data in the input trace data corresponding to each grid, improving the calculation efficiency, and improving the prediction accuracy of multiple waves corresponding to the grid.

[0161] It should be noted that the device provided in the above embodiment, when implementing its functions, is only illustrated by the division of the above functional modules. In actual applications, the above functions can be assigned to different functional modules as needed, that is, the content structure of the device is divided into different functional modules to complete all or part of the functions described above. In addition, the device and method embodiments provided in the above embodiment belong to the same concept, and the specific implementation process is detailed in the method embodiment, which will not be repeated here.

[0162] Please refer to Fig.13 , which shows a block diagram of a computer device 1300 provided in one embodiment of the present application. The computer device 1300 may be any electronic device with data calculation, processing and storage functions. The computer device 1300 may be used to implement the multiple wave prediction method provided in the above embodiment.

[0163] Typically, the computer device 1300 includes a processor 1301 and a memory 1302 .

[0164] The processor 1301 may include one or more processing cores, such as a 4-core processor, an 8-core processor, etc. The processor 1301 may be implemented in at least one hardware form of DSP (Digital Signal Processing), FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), and PLA (Programmable Logic Array). The processor 1301 may also include a main processor and a coprocessor. The main processor is a processor for processing data in an awake state, also known as a CPU (Central Processing Unit); the coprocessor is a low-power processor for processing data in a standby state. In some embodiments, the processor 1301 may be integrated with a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit), which is responsible for rendering and drawing the content to be displayed on the display screen. In some embodiments, the processor 1301 may also include an AI processor, which is used to process computing operations related to machine learning.

[0165] The memory 1302 may include one or more computer-readable storage media, which may be non-transitory. The memory 1302 may also include a high-speed random access memory and a non-volatile memory, such as one or more disk storage devices and flash memory storage devices. In some embodiments, the non-transitory computer-readable storage medium in the memory 1302 is used to store a computer program, which is configured to be executed by one or more processors to implement the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method.

[0166] Those skilled in the art will understand that Fig.13 The structure shown in the figure does not constitute a limitation on the computer device 1300, and the computer device 1300 may include more or less components than shown in the figure, or combine some components, or adopt a different component arrangement.

[0167] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer-readable storage medium is also provided, wherein a computer program is stored in the storage medium, and when the computer program is executed by a processor of a computer device, the computer program implements the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method. Optionally, the above-mentioned computer-readable storage medium may be a ROM (Read-Only Memory), a RAM (Random Access Memory), a CD-ROM (Compact Disc Read-Only Memory), a magnetic tape, a floppy disk, an optical data storage device, etc.

[0168] In an exemplary embodiment, a computer program product is also provided, the computer program product comprising a computer program, the computer program being stored in a computer-readable storage medium. A processor of a computer device reads the computer program from the computer-readable storage medium, and the processor executes the computer program, so that the computer device performs the above-mentioned multiple wave prediction method.

[0169] It should be noted that this application can display a prompt interface, pop-up window or output voice prompt information before collecting relevant data of users and during the process of collecting relevant data of users. The prompt interface, pop-up window or voice prompt information is used to prompt the user that relevant data is currently being collected, so that this application only starts to execute the relevant steps of obtaining relevant data of users after obtaining the confirmation operation issued by the user to the prompt interface or pop-up window, otherwise (that is, when the confirmation operation issued by the user to the prompt interface or pop-up window is not obtained), the relevant steps of obtaining relevant data of users are terminated, that is, the relevant data of users are not obtained. In other words, all user data collected by this application are processed strictly in accordance with the requirements of relevant national laws and regulations, and the informed consent or separate consent of the subject of personal information is obtained with the consent and authorization of the user. The subsequent data use and processing behavior is carried out within the scope of authorization of laws and regulations and the subject of personal information, and the collection, use and processing of relevant user data shall comply with the relevant laws, regulations and standards of relevant countries and regions.

[0170] It should be understood that the "multiple" mentioned in this article refers to two or more. "And / or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that three relationships may exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. The character " / " generally indicates that the objects associated before and after are in an "or" relationship. In addition, the step numbers described in this article only illustrate a possible execution sequence between the steps. In some other embodiments, the above steps may not be executed in the order of the numbers, such as two steps with different numbers are executed at the same time, or two steps with different numbers are executed in the opposite order to the diagram. The embodiments of the present application are not limited to this.

[0171] The above description is only an exemplary embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A method for predicting multiple waves, It is characterized in that The method comprises: Acquire a seismic data set of a target area, wherein the seismic data set includes at least one seismic trace data, wherein the seismic trace data refers to data of seismic waves during the process of being excited at a shot point and returning to a receiving point; According to the target area, a common square surface element is established, wherein the common square surface element is divided into at least one square grid, and each of the grids corresponds to a predicted multiple wave; Determine, according to the position of the at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, substitute trace data corresponding to the first grid, wherein the substitute trace data is used to indicate seismic trace data of an area corresponding to the first grid; Determine input track data corresponding to the first grid according to substitute track data corresponding to each grid, wherein the input track data includes substitute track data corresponding to at least one grid; Convolution is performed on the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

2. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of determining the replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the position of the at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid comprises: According to the first preset range, obtaining the position of at least one first seismic trace data within the first preset range of the first grid; According to the position of the first seismic trace data, obtaining the shot point position and the detection point position in the first seismic trace data; According to the shot point positions and the detection point positions in the first seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, an objective function is constructed, wherein the objective function is a function obtained by weighted summing the distance difference between the shot point positions of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, the distance difference between the detection point positions of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, the difference between the shot offsets of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, the difference between the azimuths of the first grid and the first seismic trace data, and the distance difference between the center point positions of the first grid and the first seismic trace data; The replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid is determined according to the value of the objective function corresponding to the at least one first seismic trace data.

3. The method according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The step of determining the replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the value of the objective function corresponding to the at least one first seismic trace data comprises: Acquire the first seismic trace data corresponding to the minimum value of the objective function as the original replacement trace data corresponding to the first grid; Performing offset correction on the original substitute trace data to obtain corrected substitute trace data; Applying a compensation operator to the corrected substitute track data to obtain compensated substitute track data; Performing a fast Fourier transform on the compensated substitute track data to obtain transformed substitute track data; An inverse compensation operator is applied to the transformed substitute track data to obtain substitute track data corresponding to the first grid.

4. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of determining the input track data corresponding to the first grid according to the replacement track data corresponding to each grid comprises: According to the second preset range, acquiring at least one second replacement track data within the second preset range of the first grid; The at least one second replacement track data is determined as the input track data corresponding to the first grid.

5. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The step of convolving the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid includes: The input trace data is divided into a common shot point gather and a common detection point gather; Convolving the substitute trace data in the common shot point gather and the substitute trace data in the common detection point gather to obtain at least one convolution data; The at least one convolution data is superimposed to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

6. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that After convolving the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain multiple waves corresponding to the first grid, the method further includes: Adopting the least square method for adaptive subtraction, the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid are subtracted from the alternative trace data corresponding to the first grid to obtain the seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid after suppressing the multiple waves.

7. The method according to claim 1, It is characterized in that After establishing the common square surface element according to the target area, the method further includes: Determine at least one grid to be predicted for each node according to the grid corresponding to the position of the at least one seismic trace data, and the output trace of each node is used to output multiple waves corresponding to the at least one grid; Determining a maximum data volume of input channel data of each grid to be predicted by the node according to a memory of an input data pool corresponding to the node and at least one grid to be predicted by the node, wherein the input data pool contains input channel data of at least one grid to be predicted by the node; A second preset range is determined according to the maximum data volume.

8. A multiple wave prediction device, It is characterized in that The device comprises: A data acquisition module, used to acquire a seismic data set of a target area, wherein the seismic data set includes at least one seismic trace data, wherein the seismic trace data refers to data of seismic waves during the process of being excited at a shot point and returning to a receiving point; A bin establishment module, used for establishing a common square bin according to the target area, wherein the common square bin is divided into at least one square grid, and each grid corresponds to a predicted multiple wave; A substitute trace determination module, used to determine substitute trace data corresponding to the first grid according to the position of the at least one seismic trace data and the position of the first grid, wherein the substitute trace data is used to indicate seismic trace data of the area corresponding to the first grid; An input track determination module, used to determine the input track data corresponding to the first grid according to the substitute track data corresponding to each grid, wherein the input track data includes substitute track data corresponding to at least one grid; The multiple wave determination module is used to convolve the substitute trace data in the input trace data to obtain the multiple waves corresponding to the first grid.

9. A computer device, It is characterized in that The computer device comprises a processor and a memory, wherein a computer program is stored in the memory, and the computer program is loaded and executed by the processor to implement the method for predicting multiple waves according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

10. A computer-readable storage medium, It is characterized in that The computer-readable storage medium stores a computer program, which is loaded and executed by a processor to implement the method for predicting multiple waves according to any one of claims 1 to 7.

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