Four-dimensional resistivity method exploration multichannel parallel acquisition system

Abstract

The invention discloses a four-dimensional resistivity method exploration multichannel parallel acquisition system and a working method thereof. The system is composed of an electrode array module, a data acquisition and synchronization module, a data transmission module and a data processing terminal. The electrode array module adopts a self-adaptive arrangement algorithm to adapt to complex terrains and collect underground resistivity data. The data acquisition and synchronization module realizes multi-channel parallel acquisition and high-precision synchronization, and has real-time filtering and calibration functions. The data transmission module adopts a hybrid transmission mode to ensure reliable transmission of data. And the data processing terminal performs deep processing, analysis and storage on the data, realizes three-dimensional visualization and dynamic monitoring and early warning, and has a multi-source data fusion function. The working method comprises the steps of system initialization, data acquisition, transmission, processing analysis, storage management, system maintenance and upgrading and the like. According to the invention, the exploration precision is improved, the dynamic monitoring capability is enhanced, the data transmission reliability is improved, the multi-source data fusion is realized, the system maintenance and upgrading are convenient, and the system has a wide application prospect in the field of geophysical exploration.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of geological exploration, in particular to a four-dimensional resistivity method exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system. Background Art

[0002] In the field of geological exploration, resistivity exploration technology is widely used in mineral exploration, engineering geological survey, hydrogeological survey and geological disaster monitoring due to its sensitive detection ability of underground medium conductivity differences. Traditional resistivity exploration technology is mostly limited to two-dimensional or three-dimensional space detection, which makes it difficult to capture the dynamic changes of underground medium resistivity over time and cannot meet the needs of real-time monitoring and in-depth research of geological processes.

[0003] As geological exploration work develops towards more complex areas and more sophisticated targets, existing exploration technologies face many challenges. In terms of electrode layout, traditional methods often rely on manual experience and are difficult to adapt to complex and changeable terrain, resulting in the collected data being unable to accurately reflect the actual underground situation. During the data collection process, the multi-channel synchronization accuracy is insufficient, which is easy to introduce errors, affecting data quality and subsequent analysis. Moreover, a single transmission method cannot guarantee reliable data transmission over long distances and in complex environments. In the data processing and interpretation stage, due to the lack of effective multi-source data fusion methods and high-precision inversion algorithms, there are large errors in the imaging and analysis of underground geological structures, which is difficult to meet actual exploration needs.

[0004] In geological disaster monitoring, traditional technology cannot monitor the dynamic changes of resistivity inside the landslide body in a timely and accurate manner, resulting in lag and uncertainty in the early warning of landslide disasters. In terms of groundwater pollution monitoring, it is difficult to accurately determine the scope and diffusion path of pollution, which affects the effect of pollution control. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to develop a more efficient, accurate and dynamic monitoring capability of the four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system. Summary of the invention

[0005] The present invention provides a four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system, aiming to solve the problems raised by the above background technology.

[0006] The present invention is implemented as follows: a four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system, comprising:

[0007] An electrode array module is used to be arranged in the exploration area to collect resistivity data of underground media, and includes multiple electrodes of different types. An adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm is used to determine the electrode position according to the topography, geological structure and exploration target of the exploration area; wherein the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm is based on geographic information system (GIS) data and geological prior information, and analyzes factors such as terrain slope, undulation, and stratum distribution. When the slope is greater than a preset threshold, fixed electrodes are arranged in the flat area, and mobile electrodes with adjustable height and angle are used in the steep slope area; the electrodes are connected by a multi-core cable or a wireless transmission module to realize data transmission, and each electrode is equipped with an independent sensor for real-time monitoring of the working status of the electrode and surrounding environmental parameters;

[0008] The data acquisition and synchronization module is connected to the electrode array module and has multiple parallel data acquisition channels, each channel can independently acquire resistivity data between corresponding electrode pairs, and the number of acquisition channels is not less than 2; a synchronization technology combining a high-precision atomic clock and a global positioning system (GPS) is used to ensure that the time synchronization accuracy of each acquisition channel when acquiring data reaches the nanosecond level; the data acquisition frequency can be dynamically adjusted within the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz according to exploration requirements, and has the function of real-time filtering and preprocessing of the acquired data, and can remove high-frequency noise and abnormal data points;

[0009] The data transmission module is responsible for transmitting the data collected by the data acquisition and synchronization module to the data processing terminal, using a hybrid wired and wireless transmission method; in areas close to the data processing terminal and where environmental conditions permit, optical fiber is preferred for high-speed and stable data transmission; in areas where wiring is difficult or long distances are involved, wireless transmission technologies such as 5G and satellite communications are used, and data encryption and error correction coding algorithms are used to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission; the data transmission module also has a data caching function, which can temporarily store the collected data when a transmission link fails, and automatically retransmit after the fault is eliminated;

[0010] The data processing terminal is used to process, analyze and store the collected resistivity data, and is equipped with a high-performance processor and professional data processing software; the data processing software includes functional modules such as data preprocessing, resistivity inversion, three-dimensional visualization and dynamic monitoring and analysis; the data preprocessing module performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization on the transmitted data; the resistivity inversion module is based on algorithms such as the finite element method and the least squares method, combined with geological prior information, to achieve three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of underground resistivity distribution; the three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in the form of three-dimensional graphics, and users can rotate, zoom, slice and other operations through the interactive interface to intuitively observe the underground geological structure; the dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points, generates dynamic change curves and trend prediction models, and realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of changes in underground geological bodies.

[0011] Preferably, the electrodes in the electrode array module include conventional columnar electrodes, flexible electrodes and electrode extension components; conventional columnar electrodes are used to collect data under conventional geological conditions, and their length, diameter and material are selected according to the exploration depth and geological type; flexible electrodes are made of flexible conductive materials and are suitable for areas with complex terrain or that need to follow specific geological structure layouts; electrode extension components can be flexibly added or removed according to the expansion or reduction of the exploration range to adjust the scale of the electrode array.

[0012] Preferably, the data acquisition and synchronization module also includes an acquisition channel calibration submodule, which is used to regularly calibrate the gain, phase and zero point of each acquisition channel; the calibration process uses a known signal generated by a standard resistance source and a signal generator as input, and calculates and compensates for the difference between channels by comparing the output of the acquisition channel with the standard signal, thereby ensuring that the data acquisition accuracy of each acquisition channel is consistent.

[0013] Preferably, the wireless transmission part in the data transmission module is equipped with an intelligent signal adjustment device, which can automatically adjust the transmission power, frequency and modulation method according to the signal strength and interference situation; when it is detected that the signal strength is weakened or the interference is increased, the transmission power is automatically increased, the frequency band with less interference is switched to, or a more interference-resistant modulation method is adopted to ensure the stability of data transmission.

[0014] Preferably, the data processing software of the data processing terminal also has a multi-source data fusion function module, which can fuse data from other geophysical exploration methods (such as seismic exploration, gravity exploration, magnetic exploration) as well as geological drilling data, hydrological monitoring data, etc.; by establishing a data fusion model, different types of data are uniformly processed and analyzed to improve the understanding and interpretation accuracy of underground geological structures and geological body properties; the system also includes a remote monitoring and management platform, which is connected to the data processing terminal through the Internet; the remote monitoring and management platform has functions such as equipment status monitoring, remote parameter setting, real-time data viewing and historical data query; managers can remotely access the platform through a web browser or mobile application, understand the system's operating status in real time, adjust equipment parameters, and view and analyze collected data.

[0015] Preferably, the electrodes in the electrode array module are made of anti-corrosion and wear-resistant materials and undergo special surface treatment to reduce the contact resistance between the electrodes and the soil and improve the stability and accuracy of data acquisition; the electrode surface is coated with a layer of nano-conductive material to increase the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the electrode, and a special conductive gel is filled around the electrode to further improve the contact effect between the electrode and the soil.

[0016] Preferably, the data acquisition and synchronization module has a hardware redundancy design. When a certain acquisition channel fails, the backup channel can be automatically switched and put into use to ensure the continuity of data acquisition. The system is also provided with a fault detection and alarm unit, which can monitor the working status of each hardware component in real time. Once a fault is found, an alarm will be immediately issued and the fault information will be recorded to facilitate subsequent repair and maintenance.

[0017] Preferably, the data storage module of the data processing terminal adopts a distributed storage architecture to store data in multiple storage devices, thereby improving the security and reliability of data storage; at the same time, a data compression algorithm is used to compress and store the collected data, thereby reducing data storage space and improving data storage and transmission efficiency without affecting data accuracy.

[0018] Preferably, the system is also equipped with an auxiliary positioning and navigation module for determining the exact position of the electrode array and the geographic information of the exploration area; the auxiliary positioning and navigation module adopts a combination of high-precision GPS, Beidou satellite navigation system and inertial navigation system. When the satellite signal is blocked, the inertial navigation system can continue to provide accurate position and attitude information to ensure the accuracy of electrode layout and system operation.

[0019] The working method of the four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system comprises the following steps:

[0020] System initialization: Turn on the system power supply, initialize the electrode array module, data acquisition and synchronization module, data transmission module and data processing terminal; in the electrode array module, determine the initial position of the electrode according to the geological data and terrain information of the exploration area using the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm, and install and connect the electrode; in the data acquisition and synchronization module, set the acquisition channel parameters, synchronization clock and data acquisition frequency; in the data transmission module, configure the wired and wireless transmission parameters; in the data processing terminal, start the data processing software, and load the geological prior information and data processing model;

[0021] Data acquisition: The electrode array module collects the resistivity data of the underground medium and transmits the data to the data acquisition and synchronization module; the data acquisition and synchronization module collects and preprocesses the data of multiple channels in parallel according to the set acquisition frequency and synchronization accuracy to remove noise and abnormal data; during the acquisition process, the acquisition channel calibration submodule regularly calibrates each acquisition channel to ensure the accuracy of the acquired data;

[0022] Data transmission: The data acquisition and synchronization module transmits the pre-processed data to the data processing terminal through the data transmission module; the data transmission module automatically selects the wired or wireless transmission mode according to the transmission distance and environmental conditions, and adopts data encryption and error correction coding algorithms to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission; during the transmission process, if a transmission failure occurs, the cache function of the data transmission module will temporarily store the data and automatically retransmit it after the failure is eliminated;

[0023] Data processing and analysis: The data processing terminal receives the data transmitted by the data transmission module, and the data preprocessing module first performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization processing; then, the resistivity inversion module uses finite element method, least squares method and other algorithms, combined with geological prior information, to perform three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of underground resistivity distribution; the three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in the form of three-dimensional graphics, and users can operate and observe through the interactive interface; the dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points, generates dynamic change curves and trend prediction models, and realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of underground geological body changes;

[0024] Data storage and management: The data processing terminal stores the collected data, processing results and system operation logs in the data storage module; the data storage module adopts a distributed storage architecture and data compression algorithm to improve the security, reliability and storage efficiency of data storage; at the same time, the data processing terminal backs up the data to the remote server through the remote monitoring and management platform to facilitate the long-term storage and sharing of data;

[0025] System maintenance and upgrade: Regularly maintain the system, check the working status of the electrodes, the operation of the hardware equipment, and the functional integrity of the software; upgrade the system's hardware equipment according to actual exploration needs and technological development, such as replacing higher-precision electrodes, increasing the number of acquisition channels, etc.; update the data processing software, optimize the data processing algorithm, and add new functional modules to improve the system's performance and exploration capabilities.

[0026] Due to the adoption of the above scheme, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm enables the electrode to better adapt to complex terrain and obtain more accurate underground resistivity data. High-precision synchronous acquisition technology and calibration mechanism ensure the accuracy and consistency of multi-channel data and reduce error accumulation; advanced data processing algorithms combined with geological prior information improve the accuracy of resistivity inversion and achieve more accurate underground geological structure imaging. Enhance dynamic monitoring capability: the four-dimensional resistivity method can capture the change of underground medium resistivity over time in real time. Combined with the dynamic monitoring and analysis module, it can monitor and warn the changes of geological bodies in real time. In geological disaster monitoring, it can detect potential dangers in advance and provide timely and accurate information for disaster prevention. Improve data transmission reliability: the hybrid transmission mode of wired and wireless automatically switches according to different environments to ensure that data can be reliably transmitted under various conditions. Data encryption and error correction coding technology ensure data security, and cache and automatic retransmission functions avoid data loss. Realize multi-source data fusion: the multi-source data fusion function module integrates a variety of geophysical exploration data and other related data, analyzes underground geological structures and geological body properties from multiple angles, reduces the multi-solution of single data interpretation, and improves the reliability and accuracy of geological interpretation. Facilitate system maintenance and upgrades: The remote monitoring and management platform enables real-time monitoring and remote management of the system, timely discovers and handles system failures, facilitates system maintenance and upgrades, reduces maintenance costs, and improves system stability and service life. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the system flow of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the electrode array template of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the remote monitoring and management platform of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the auxiliary positioning and navigation module of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0032] like Figure 1-4 As shown, a four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system comprises:

[0033] An electrode array module is used to be arranged in the exploration area to collect resistivity data of underground media, and includes multiple electrodes of different types. An adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm is used to determine the electrode position according to the topography, geological structure and exploration target of the exploration area; wherein the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm is based on geographic information system (GIS) data and geological prior information, and analyzes factors such as terrain slope, undulation, and stratum distribution. When the slope is greater than a preset threshold, fixed electrodes are arranged in the flat area, and mobile electrodes with adjustable height and angle are used in the steep slope area; the electrodes are connected by a multi-core cable or a wireless transmission module to realize data transmission, and each electrode is equipped with an independent sensor for real-time monitoring of the working status of the electrode and surrounding environmental parameters;

[0034] The data acquisition and synchronization module is connected to the electrode array module and has multiple parallel data acquisition channels, each channel can independently acquire resistivity data between corresponding electrode pairs, and the number of acquisition channels is not less than 2; a synchronization technology combining a high-precision atomic clock and a global positioning system (GPS) is used to ensure that the time synchronization accuracy of each acquisition channel when acquiring data reaches the nanosecond level; the data acquisition frequency can be dynamically adjusted within the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz according to exploration requirements, and has the function of real-time filtering and preprocessing of the acquired data, and can remove high-frequency noise and abnormal data points;

[0035] The data transmission module is responsible for transmitting the data collected by the data acquisition and synchronization module to the data processing terminal, using a hybrid wired and wireless transmission method; in areas close to the data processing terminal and where environmental conditions permit, optical fiber is preferred for high-speed and stable data transmission; in areas where wiring is difficult or long distances are involved, wireless transmission technologies such as 5G and satellite communications are used, and data encryption and error correction coding algorithms are used to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission; the data transmission module also has a data caching function, which can temporarily store the collected data when a transmission link fails, and automatically retransmit after the fault is eliminated;

[0036] The data processing terminal is used to process, analyze and store the collected resistivity data, and is equipped with a high-performance processor and professional data processing software; the data processing software includes functional modules such as data preprocessing, resistivity inversion, three-dimensional visualization and dynamic monitoring and analysis; the data preprocessing module performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization on the transmitted data; the resistivity inversion module is based on algorithms such as the finite element method and the least squares method, combined with geological prior information, to achieve three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of underground resistivity distribution; the three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in the form of three-dimensional graphics, and users can rotate, zoom, slice and other operations through the interactive interface to intuitively observe the underground geological structure; the dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points, generates dynamic change curves and trend prediction models, and realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of changes in underground geological bodies.

[0037] The electrodes in the electrode array module include conventional columnar electrodes, flexible electrodes and electrode extension components; conventional columnar electrodes are used to collect data under conventional geological conditions, and their length, diameter and material are selected according to the exploration depth and geological type; flexible electrodes are made of bendable conductive materials and are suitable for areas with complex terrain or that need to follow specific geological structure layout; electrode extension components can be flexibly added or removed according to the expansion or reduction of the exploration range to adjust the scale of the electrode array.

[0038] The data acquisition and synchronization module also includes an acquisition channel calibration submodule, which is used to regularly calibrate the gain, phase and zero point of each acquisition channel; the calibration process uses a known signal generated by a standard resistance source and a signal generator as input, and by comparing the output of the acquisition channel with the standard signal, calculates and compensates for the difference between the channels to ensure that the data acquisition accuracy of each acquisition channel is consistent.

[0039] The wireless transmission part in the data transmission module is equipped with an intelligent signal adjustment device, which can automatically adjust the transmission power, frequency and modulation method according to the signal strength and interference situation; when it is detected that the signal strength is weakened or the interference is increased, the transmission power is automatically increased, the frequency band with less interference is switched, or a more interference-resistant modulation method is adopted to ensure the stability of data transmission.

[0040] The data processing software of the data processing terminal also has a multi-source data fusion function module, which can integrate data from other geophysical exploration methods (such as seismic exploration, gravity exploration, magnetic exploration) as well as geological drilling data, hydrological monitoring data, etc.; by establishing a data fusion model, different types of data are uniformly processed and analyzed to improve the understanding and interpretation accuracy of underground geological structures and geological body properties; the system also includes a remote monitoring and management platform, which is connected to the data processing terminal through the Internet; the remote monitoring and management platform has functions such as equipment status monitoring, remote parameter setting, real-time data viewing and historical data query; managers can remotely access the platform through a web browser or mobile application, understand the system's operating status in real time, adjust equipment parameters, and view and analyze collected data.

[0041] The electrodes in the electrode array module are made of anti-corrosion and wear-resistant materials and undergo special surface treatment to reduce the contact resistance between the electrodes and the soil and improve the stability and accuracy of data acquisition; the electrode surface is coated with a layer of nano-conductive material to increase the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the electrode, and a special conductive gel is filled around the electrode to further improve the contact effect between the electrode and the soil.

[0042] The data acquisition and synchronization module has a hardware redundancy design. When a certain acquisition channel fails, the backup channel can be automatically switched and put into use to ensure the continuity of data acquisition. The system is also equipped with a fault detection and alarm unit, which can monitor the working status of each hardware component in real time. Once a fault is found, an alarm will be immediately issued and the fault information will be recorded to facilitate subsequent repair and maintenance.

[0043] The data storage module of the data processing terminal adopts a distributed storage architecture to store data in multiple storage devices, thereby improving the security and reliability of data storage; at the same time, a data compression algorithm is used to compress and store the collected data, thereby reducing data storage space and improving data storage and transmission efficiency without affecting data accuracy.

[0044] The system is also equipped with an auxiliary positioning and navigation module for determining the exact position of the electrode array and the geographic information of the exploration area; the auxiliary positioning and navigation module adopts a combination of high-precision GPS, Beidou satellite navigation system and inertial navigation system. When the satellite signal is blocked, the inertial navigation system can continue to provide accurate position and attitude information to ensure the accuracy of electrode layout and system operation.

[0045] The working method of the four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system comprises the following steps:

[0046] System initialization: Turn on the system power supply, initialize the electrode array module, data acquisition and synchronization module, data transmission module and data processing terminal; in the electrode array module, determine the initial position of the electrode according to the geological data and terrain information of the exploration area using the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm, and install and connect the electrode; in the data acquisition and synchronization module, set the acquisition channel parameters, synchronization clock and data acquisition frequency; in the data transmission module, configure the wired and wireless transmission parameters; in the data processing terminal, start the data processing software, and load the geological prior information and data processing model;

[0047] Data acquisition: The electrode array module collects the resistivity data of the underground medium and transmits the data to the data acquisition and synchronization module; the data acquisition and synchronization module collects and preprocesses the data of multiple channels in parallel according to the set acquisition frequency and synchronization accuracy to remove noise and abnormal data; during the acquisition process, the acquisition channel calibration submodule regularly calibrates each acquisition channel to ensure the accuracy of the acquired data;

[0048] Data transmission: The data acquisition and synchronization module transmits the pre-processed data to the data processing terminal through the data transmission module; the data transmission module automatically selects the wired or wireless transmission mode according to the transmission distance and environmental conditions, and adopts data encryption and error correction coding algorithms to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission; during the transmission process, if a transmission failure occurs, the cache function of the data transmission module will temporarily store the data and automatically retransmit it after the failure is eliminated;

[0049] Data processing and analysis: The data processing terminal receives the data transmitted by the data transmission module, and the data preprocessing module first performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization processing; then, the resistivity inversion module uses finite element method, least squares method and other algorithms, combined with geological prior information, to perform three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of underground resistivity distribution; the three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in the form of three-dimensional graphics, and users can operate and observe through the interactive interface; the dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points, generates dynamic change curves and trend prediction models, and realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of underground geological body changes;

[0050] Data storage and management: The data processing terminal stores the collected data, processing results and system operation logs in the data storage module; the data storage module adopts a distributed storage architecture and data compression algorithm to improve the security, reliability and storage efficiency of data storage; at the same time, the data processing terminal backs up the data to the remote server through the remote monitoring and management platform to facilitate the long-term storage and sharing of data;

[0051] System maintenance and upgrade: Regularly maintain the system, check the working status of the electrodes, the operation of the hardware equipment, and the functional integrity of the software; upgrade the system's hardware equipment according to actual exploration needs and technological development, such as replacing higher-precision electrodes, increasing the number of acquisition channels, etc.; update the data processing software, optimize the data processing algorithm, and add new functional modules to improve the system's performance and exploration capabilities.

[0052] 1. Application in mineral exploration

[0053] Implementation steps

[0054] Preliminary preparation: Collect geological data of the target exploration area and use geographic information system (GIS) to obtain terrain data. Based on these data, through adaptive electrode layout algorithm, in complex terrain such as mountainous areas, for steep areas, mobile electrodes with adjustable tripods are used to adjust the electrode height and angle according to the terrain to ensure that the electrode is in full contact with the underground medium; in relatively flat areas, fixed electrodes are arranged in a regular array. The electrode material is made of corrosion-resistant and highly conductive copper alloy to ensure long-term stable operation in complex geological environments.

[0055] System construction: Connect the electrodes to form an electrode array module. Each electrode is connected to the data acquisition and synchronization module through a multi-core cable. Some electrodes in remote areas use wireless transmission modules to ensure stable data transmission. The number of acquisition channels of the data acquisition and synchronization module is set to 64, and the acquisition frequency is set to a lower limit of 0.5Hz and an upper limit of 10Hz based on the estimated changes in the ore body. The synchronization technology of a combination of high-precision atomic clocks and GPS is used to ensure that the synchronization accuracy of data acquisition in each channel reaches the nanosecond level. In terms of the data transmission module, in areas close to the data processing terminal and where conditions permit for laying optical fiber, optical fiber is used for high-speed and stable data transmission; in areas where wiring is difficult, 5G networks are used for wireless transmission, and data encryption and error correction coding functions are enabled.

[0056] Data acquisition and processing: After starting the system, the electrode array module begins to collect resistivity data of the underground medium. The data acquisition and synchronization module collects and preprocesses multi-channel data in parallel at the set frequency to remove noise and abnormal data points. The acquisition channel calibration submodule calibrates each channel at regular intervals to ensure the accuracy of the collected data. The collected data is transmitted to the data processing terminal via the data transmission module, and the data preprocessing module performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization. The resistivity inversion module combines the geological prior information of the area and uses the finite element method and the least squares method to perform three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of the underground resistivity distribution. The three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in three-dimensional graphics. Geological prospectors can observe the underground geological structure from different angles through the interactive interface, focus on analyzing the resistivity abnormal area, and determine whether there is a potential ore body.

[0057] In mineral exploration, different minerals have different resistivities from the surrounding rocks. By collecting and analyzing the resistivity data of underground media, the location, scale and shape of the ore body can be inferred. The four-dimensional resistivity method can monitor the change of resistivity over time in real time, which helps to discover the dynamic changes of the ore body during mining or under the influence of geological effects. The adaptive electrode layout algorithm can optimize the electrode layout according to the terrain and geological conditions, and improve the accuracy and representativeness of data acquisition. Multi-channel parallel acquisition and high-precision synchronization technology ensure the efficiency and quality of data acquisition and reduce errors. Advanced data processing algorithms can more accurately invert the underground resistivity distribution, providing strong support for mineral exploration.

[0058] 2. Urban Underground Cavity Detection

[0059] Implementation steps

[0060] Preliminary planning: Obtain relevant information on urban underground pipe networks, geological structures, etc., use this information combined with an adaptive electrode layout algorithm, and flexibly arrange electrodes in detection areas such as urban roads and around buildings, according to the possible location and size of underground cavities. For areas where large cavities may exist, appropriately increase the electrode density; in areas where underground pipelines are known to be distributed, reasonably avoid laying out electrodes along the pipelines to prevent interference. The electrodes are miniaturized and easy-to-install flexible electrodes to adapt to the complex underground environment of the city.

[0061] System setup: Build an electrode array module, connect the electrodes to the data acquisition and synchronization module, and set the number of acquisition channels to 32. Considering the large electromagnetic interference in the urban environment, the lower limit of the acquisition frequency is set to 1Hz and the upper limit is set to 50Hz to avoid common interference frequencies. The synchronization technology of high-precision atomic clock and GPS combination is also used to achieve data acquisition synchronization. The data transmission module gives priority to the use of existing communication network infrastructure in urban areas, such as 5G network for data transmission, and at the same time turns on data encryption and error correction coding functions to ensure safe and reliable data transmission.

[0062] Data collection and analysis: After the system is running, the electrode array module collects underground resistivity data, and the data collection and synchronization module performs parallel collection and preprocessing. During the collection process, if strong electromagnetic interference is encountered, the system automatically adjusts the collection frequency and strengthens filtering and denoising. After the collected data is transmitted to the data processing terminal, the data preprocessing module further processes the data, and the resistivity inversion module combines urban geological prior information for three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion. The three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results, analyzes the dynamic changes of underground resistivity by comparing resistivity data at different time points, and determines whether there are underground cavities and the development trend of the cavities. If an area with abnormally low resistivity is found, combined with the surrounding geological conditions, it may be judged that it is the location of the underground cavity.

[0063] There is a significant difference in resistivity between urban underground cavities and the surrounding soil, and the resistivity in the cavity area is usually lower. Through four-dimensional resistivity exploration, the changes in underground resistivity can be monitored in real time, and potential underground cavities can be discovered in time. In urban environments, electromagnetic interference is complex, and reasonable setting of acquisition frequency can effectively avoid interference and improve data quality. Multi-channel parallel acquisition and high-precision synchronization technology can ensure fast and accurate data acquisition in complex urban environments. Data processing and inversion algorithms combined with geological prior information can help to more accurately identify the location and characteristics of underground cavities, providing protection for the safety of urban infrastructure.

[0064] 3. Application of the multi-channel parallel acquisition system for four-dimensional resistivity exploration in slope monitoring

[0065] There is an important power transmission line in a mountainous area, and the line tower is located on the slope. Due to frequent rainfall in the area, there is a risk of landslide on the slope, threatening the safe operation of the power transmission line. In order to monitor the stability of the slope in real time and ensure the normal operation of the transmission line, it is decided to use a four-dimensional resistivity method exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system for monitoring.

[0066] (II) System Construction

[0067] Electrode array layout: According to the topographic and geological characteristics of the slope, the adaptive electrode layout algorithm is used using geographic information system (GIS) data and geological survey data. Different types of electrodes are arranged at key locations such as the top, waist and foot of the slope, as well as areas where potential slip surfaces may exist. For areas with relatively flat terrain, conventional columnar electrodes are used and evenly arranged at a certain spacing (such as 5 meters); in areas with complex terrain and large slopes, mobile electrodes with adjustable angles and heights are used to ensure good contact between the electrodes and the underground medium. A total of 80 electrodes are arranged to form an electrode array module. The electrode material is made of corrosion-resistant and conductive alloy material, and the electrode surface is specially treated to reduce the contact resistance with the soil.

[0068] Data acquisition and synchronization module settings: Connect the electrodes to the data acquisition and synchronization module, which is equipped with 64 parallel acquisition channels to meet the needs of multi-electrode data acquisition. The synchronization technology of the combination of high-precision atomic clocks and global positioning system (GPS) is used to ensure that the time synchronization accuracy of each acquisition channel when collecting data reaches the nanosecond level. According to the possible change speed of the slope geological body, the lower limit of the data acquisition frequency is set to 1Hz and the upper limit is set to 10Hz. During periods such as rainfall that may cause rapid changes in the slope geological body, the acquisition frequency is adjusted to a higher value (such as 5Hz); during periods of stable weather, the acquisition frequency is appropriately reduced (such as 2Hz). At the same time, the acquisition channel calibration submodule is turned on to perform gain, phase and zero point calibration on each channel at regular intervals (such as 1 hour) to ensure the accuracy of the collected data.

[0069] Construction of data transmission module: Considering that there is a certain distance between the slope and the data processing terminal, and that wiring is difficult in some areas, a hybrid transmission method of wired and wireless is adopted. In areas close to the data processing terminal and convenient for wiring, optical fiber is used for high-speed and stable data transmission; in areas where wiring is difficult, 5G wireless transmission technology is used. To ensure the security and integrity of data transmission, the transmitted data is encrypted and error correction coding is added. The data transmission module also has a data cache function. When a transmission link fails (such as a temporary interruption of the 5G signal), the collected data can be temporarily stored and automatically retransmitted after the fault is eliminated.

[0070] Data processing terminal deployment: A data processing terminal is set up in a nearby substation, equipped with a high-performance processor and professional data processing software. The data processing software includes functional modules such as data preprocessing, resistivity inversion, 3D visualization and dynamic monitoring and analysis. Before the system is operated, the geological prior information of the slope (such as stratum distribution, rock resistivity characteristics, etc.) is input into the data processing software to provide a basis for subsequent data processing and analysis.

[0071] 3. Data collection and processing

[0072] Data acquisition: After the system is started, the electrode array module continuously collects resistivity data of the underground medium of the slope. During a heavy rainfall, the data acquisition and synchronization module performs parallel acquisition at a set higher acquisition frequency (5Hz), and filters and preprocesses the acquired data in real time to remove noise and abnormal data points such as electromagnetic interference caused by rainfall. The acquisition channel calibration submodule regularly calibrates each channel during the acquisition process to ensure the accuracy of the acquired data.

[0073] Data transmission: The pre-processed data is transmitted to the data processing terminal through the data transmission module. During the transmission process, optical fiber transmission is used in some areas to ensure high-speed and stable data transmission; 5G transmission is used in some areas due to complex terrain. Even if the 5G signal fluctuates, the cache and retransmission mechanism of the data transmission module ensures that there is no data loss.

[0074] Data processing and analysis: After the data processing terminal receives the data, the data preprocessing module performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization on the data to further improve the data quality. The resistivity inversion module performs three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of the underground resistivity distribution based on the finite element method and the least squares method, combined with geological prior information. The three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in three-dimensional graphics. The operation and maintenance personnel can observe the underground geological structure of the slope from different angles through the interactive interface, focusing on the resistivity abnormal area. The dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points and generates a dynamic change curve. Through analysis, it is found that within a period of time after heavy rainfall, the resistivity of a certain area on the waist of the slope has dropped significantly and remains at a low level. Combined with historical data and geological conditions, it is judged that the soil moisture content in this area may increase due to rainfall, and there is a trend of increasing landslide risk. The system immediately sends an early warning message to the operation and maintenance personnel through the remote monitoring and management platform, prompting them to strengthen attention and monitoring of the area.

[0075] In this embodiment, rainfall will cause the moisture content of the slope soil to change, and the apparent resistivity of water-containing soil is significantly lower than that of dry soil. When the moisture content of the slope soil changes due to factors such as rainfall and groundwater activity, its resistivity will also change accordingly. If cracks or soil displacement occur inside the slope, an area with a higher apparent resistivity than the surrounding soil will be formed. By using a four-dimensional resistivity method to explore a multi-channel parallel acquisition system and monitoring these resistivity changes in real time, it is possible to obtain dynamic changes in the seepage field of the slope soil and deep displacement information;

[0076] The multi-channel parallel acquisition system can collect resistivity data between multiple electrode pairs at the same time, greatly improving data acquisition efficiency. High-precision synchronization technology ensures that each channel collects data at the same time, ensuring the time consistency of the data. The data collected in this way can accurately reflect the resistivity distribution of the underground medium of the slope at the same time, providing a basis for subsequent accurate analysis and inversion;

[0077] After the collected resistivity data is preprocessed to remove noise and outliers, the three-dimensional distribution of underground resistivity can be inverted through resistivity inversion algorithms (such as finite element method, least squares method) combined with geological prior information (such as known stratum distribution, rock type, etc.), realizing the imaging of the underground geological structure of the slope. By comparing the inversion results at different time points, the changes in the internal structure of the slope can be dynamically monitored, and potential landslide hazards can be discovered in a timely manner;

[0078] The dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points to generate dynamic change curves and trend prediction models. When abnormal changes in the resistivity data are detected and the change trend is consistent with the characteristics before the landslide occurs, the system will issue early warning information in a timely manner. Operation and maintenance personnel can take corresponding measures based on the early warning information, such as strengthening monitoring and taking reinforcement measures, to ensure the stability of the slope and the safe operation of the transmission line.

[0079] The above description of the embodiments is to facilitate the understanding and use of the present invention by those skilled in the art. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments and apply the general principles described herein to other embodiments without creative work. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the principles of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should be within the protection scope of the present invention. The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system, characterized in that: include: An electrode array module is used to be arranged in the exploration area to collect resistivity data of underground media, and includes multiple electrodes of different types. An adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm is used to determine the electrode position according to the topography, geological structure and exploration target of the exploration area; wherein the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm is based on geographic information system (GIS) data and geological prior information, and analyzes factors such as terrain slope, undulation, and stratum distribution. When the slope is greater than a preset threshold, fixed electrodes are arranged in the flat area, and mobile electrodes with adjustable height and angle are used in the steep slope area; the electrodes are connected by a multi-core cable or a wireless transmission module to realize data transmission, and each electrode is equipped with an independent sensor for real-time monitoring of the working status of the electrode and surrounding environmental parameters; The data acquisition and synchronization module is connected to the electrode array module and has multiple parallel data acquisition channels, each channel can independently acquire resistivity data between corresponding electrode pairs, and the number of acquisition channels is not less than 2; a synchronization technology combining a high-precision atomic clock and a global positioning system (GPS) is used to ensure that the time synchronization accuracy of each acquisition channel when acquiring data reaches the nanosecond level; the data acquisition frequency can be dynamically adjusted within the range of 0.1 Hz to 100 Hz according to exploration requirements, and has the function of real-time filtering and preprocessing of the acquired data, and can remove high-frequency noise and abnormal data points; The data transmission module is responsible for transmitting the data collected by the data acquisition and synchronization module to the data processing terminal, using a hybrid wired and wireless transmission method; in areas close to the data processing terminal and where environmental conditions permit, optical fiber is preferred for high-speed and stable data transmission; in areas where wiring is difficult or long distances are involved, wireless transmission technologies such as 5G and satellite communications are used, and data encryption and error correction coding algorithms are used to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission; the data transmission module also has a data caching function, which can temporarily store the collected data when a transmission link fails, and automatically retransmit after the fault is eliminated; The data processing terminal is used to process, analyze and store the collected resistivity data, and is equipped with a high-performance processor and professional data processing software; the data processing software includes functional modules such as data preprocessing, resistivity inversion, three-dimensional visualization and dynamic monitoring and analysis; the data preprocessing module performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization on the transmitted data; the resistivity inversion module is based on algorithms such as the finite element method and the least squares method, combined with geological prior information, to achieve three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of underground resistivity distribution; the three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in the form of three-dimensional graphics, and users can rotate, zoom, slice and other operations through the interactive interface to intuitively observe the underground geological structure; the dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points, generates dynamic change curves and trend prediction models, and realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of changes in underground geological bodies.

2. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The electrodes in the electrode array module include conventional columnar electrodes, flexible electrodes and electrode extension components; Conventional cylindrical electrodes are used to collect data under conventional geological conditions. Their length, diameter and material are selected according to the exploration depth and geological type. Flexible electrodes are made of bendable conductive materials and are suitable for areas with complex terrain or that need to follow specific geological structure layout. The electrode expansion components can be flexibly added or removed according to the expansion or reduction of the exploration range to adjust the scale of the electrode array.

3. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The data acquisition and synchronization module also includes an acquisition channel calibration submodule, which is used to regularly calibrate the gain, phase and zero point of each acquisition channel; the calibration process uses a known signal generated by a standard resistance source and a signal generator as input, and by comparing the output of the acquisition channel with the standard signal, calculates and compensates for the difference between the channels to ensure that the data acquisition accuracy of each acquisition channel is consistent.

4. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The wireless transmission part in the data transmission module is equipped with an intelligent signal adjustment device, which can automatically adjust the transmission power, frequency and modulation method according to the signal strength and interference situation; when it is detected that the signal strength is weakened or the interference is increased, the transmission power is automatically increased, the frequency band with less interference is switched, or a more interference-resistant modulation method is adopted to ensure the stability of data transmission.

5. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data processing software of the data processing terminal also has a multi-source data fusion function module, which can integrate data from other geophysical exploration methods (such as seismic exploration, gravity exploration, magnetic exploration) as well as geological drilling data, hydrological monitoring data, etc.; by establishing a data fusion model, different types of data are uniformly processed and analyzed to improve the understanding and interpretation accuracy of underground geological structures and geological body properties; the system also includes a remote monitoring and management platform, which is connected to the data processing terminal through the Internet; the remote monitoring and management platform has functions such as equipment status monitoring, remote parameter setting, real-time data viewing and historical data query; managers can remotely access the platform through a web browser or mobile application, understand the system's operating status in real time, adjust equipment parameters, and view and analyze collected data.

6. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The electrodes in the electrode array module are made of anti-corrosion and wear-resistant materials and undergo special surface treatment to reduce the contact resistance between the electrodes and the soil and improve the stability and accuracy of data acquisition; the electrode surface is coated with a layer of nano-conductive material to increase the conductivity and corrosion resistance of the electrode, and a special conductive gel is filled around the electrode to further improve the contact effect between the electrode and the soil.

7. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data acquisition and synchronization module has a hardware redundancy design. When a certain acquisition channel fails, the backup channel can be automatically switched and put into use to ensure the continuity of data acquisition. The system is also equipped with a fault detection and alarm unit, which can monitor the working status of each hardware component in real time. Once a fault is found, an alarm will be immediately issued and the fault information will be recorded to facilitate subsequent repair and maintenance.

8. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The data storage module of the data processing terminal adopts a distributed storage architecture to store data in multiple storage devices, thereby improving the security and reliability of data storage; at the same time, a data compression algorithm is used to compress and store the collected data, thereby reducing data storage space and improving data storage and transmission efficiency without affecting data accuracy.

9. The four-dimensional resistivity exploration multi-channel parallel acquisition system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The system is also equipped with an auxiliary positioning and navigation module for determining the exact location of the electrode array and the geographical information of the exploration area; The auxiliary positioning and navigation module adopts a combination of high-precision GPS, Beidou satellite navigation system and inertial navigation system. When the satellite signal is blocked, the inertial navigation system can continue to provide accurate position and attitude information to ensure the accuracy of electrode layout and system operation.

10. A working method of a multi-channel parallel acquisition system for four-dimensional resistivity exploration based on any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: System initialization: Turn on the system power supply, initialize the electrode array module, data acquisition and synchronization module, data transmission module and data processing terminal; in the electrode array module, determine the initial position of the electrode according to the geological data and terrain information of the exploration area using the adaptive electrode arrangement algorithm, and install and connect the electrode; in the data acquisition and synchronization module, set the acquisition channel parameters, synchronization clock and data acquisition frequency; in the data transmission module, configure the wired and wireless transmission parameters; in the data processing terminal, start the data processing software, and load the geological prior information and data processing model; Data acquisition: The electrode array module collects the resistivity data of the underground medium and transmits the data to the data acquisition and synchronization module; The data acquisition and synchronization module collects and preprocesses data from multiple channels in parallel according to the set acquisition frequency and synchronization accuracy to remove noise and abnormal data; During the acquisition process, the acquisition channel calibration submodule regularly calibrates each acquisition channel to ensure the accuracy of the acquired data; Data transmission: The data acquisition and synchronization module transmits the pre-processed data to the data processing terminal through the data transmission module; The data transmission module automatically selects wired or wireless transmission mode according to the transmission distance and environmental conditions, and uses data encryption and error correction coding algorithms to ensure the security and integrity of data transmission; During the transmission process, if a transmission failure occurs, the cache function of the data transmission module will temporarily store the data and automatically retransmit it after the failure is eliminated; Data processing and analysis: The data processing terminal receives the data transmitted by the data transmission module, and the data preprocessing module first performs secondary filtering, denoising and normalization processing; then, the resistivity inversion module uses finite element method, least squares method and other algorithms, combined with geological prior information, to perform three-dimensional imaging and dynamic inversion of underground resistivity distribution; the three-dimensional visualization module displays the inversion results in the form of three-dimensional graphics, and users can operate and observe through the interactive interface; the dynamic monitoring and analysis module compares and analyzes the resistivity data at different time points, generates dynamic change curves and trend prediction models, and realizes real-time monitoring and early warning of underground geological body changes; Data storage and management: The data processing terminal stores the collected data, processing results and system operation logs in the data storage module; The data storage module adopts a distributed storage architecture and data compression algorithm to improve the security, reliability and storage efficiency of data storage; at the same time, the data processing terminal backs up data to a remote server through a remote monitoring and management platform to facilitate long-term storage and sharing of data; System maintenance and upgrade: Regularly maintain the system, check the working status of the electrodes, the operation of the hardware equipment, and the functional integrity of the software; According to actual exploration needs and technological development, the system's hardware equipment is upgraded, such as replacing higher-precision electrodes, increasing the number of acquisition channels, etc.; the data processing software is updated, the data processing algorithm is optimized, and new functional modules are added to improve the system's performance and exploration capabilities.

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