A fiber optic communication line fault feedback system

Abstract

The application provides an optical fiber communication line fault feedback system and relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication fault diagnosis, which comprises a data acquisition module for collecting state parameters, a feature extraction module for extracting features of the state parameters to obtain a comprehensive feature vector, and a fault discrimination model for performing fault diagnosis based on the comprehensive feature vector, wherein the attenuation rate, reflectivity, packet loss rate, temperature, humidity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal of the optical fiber communication line are acquired, and the line performance vector, optical fiber fault vector, connector fault vector and interference fault vector are calculated to form the comprehensive feature vector, so that the influence of the communication related parameters and the environmental related parameters is comprehensively considered, the comprehensive evaluation of the optical fiber communication line is realized, and the precision of subsequent fault diagnosis and fault classification is improved.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of optical fiber communication fault diagnosis, in particular to an optical fiber communication line fault feedback system. BACKGROUND

[0002] In an optical fiber communication system, whether an optical fiber port receives an optical signal or a twisted pair port receives an electrical signal is generally determined by a master chip. When neither of the signals is received, the master chip forcibly disconnects the optical fiber port or the twisted pair port, thereby attracting the attention of line maintenance personnel and enabling them to rush to the scene to eliminate the fault in the first time. However, this method requires unified fault checking of the optical fiber communication link, which is time-consuming and affects the repair efficiency.

[0003] In the prior art, a method for reporting optical fiber communication link faults (classified as H04B*) with publication number CN118432710B includes the following steps: S1, collecting transmission data of the optical fiber communication link and obtaining device parameters of the optical fiber communication link; and S2, dynamically setting a fluctuation fault threshold by combining the transmission data and the device parameters, and monitoring the fluctuation rate of the transmission data. This method can reduce the time required for fault processing and improve the availability and stability of the optical fiber communication link through automatic processing and effective information reporting.

[0004] However, the above-mentioned technology still has some defects, such as: the above-mentioned technology only considers the related parameters of optical fiber communication when diagnosing faults, but does not consider related environmental factors (such as temperature and humidity, vibration, electromagnetic interference, etc.), and adverse environmental conditions can adversely affect the normal communication process of the optical fiber. Therefore, the above-mentioned technology has some one-sidedness when diagnosing faults, and it is difficult to achieve accurate fault diagnosis and fault type classification.

[0005] The above information disclosed in the background section is only used to enhance the understanding of the background of the present disclosure, and therefore it can include information that does not constitute prior art known to those of ordinary skill in the art. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application aims to provide an optical fiber communication line fault feedback system to solve the problems raised in the background.

[0007] To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0008] An optical fiber communication line fault feedback system includes:

[0009] The data acquisition module is configured to acquire state parameters of the optical fiber communication line in a monitoring time period, wherein the state parameters include an attenuation rate, a reflectivity, a packet loss rate, a temperature, a humidity, a vibration signal, an electromagnetic pulse signal and a radio frequency interference signal of the optical fiber communication line at multiple points of the optical fiber communication line.

[0010] The feature extraction module is configured to extract features of the state parameters to obtain a comprehensive feature vector, wherein the comprehensive feature vector is composed of a line performance vector, an optical fiber fault vector, a connector fault vector and an interference fault vector, and the comprehensive feature vector is used to reflect an operating state of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period.

[0011] The fault discrimination model is configured to receive the comprehensive feature vector and output a fault analysis result of the optical fiber communication line, wherein the fault analysis result is one of no fault, an optical fiber fault, an optical fiber connector fault and an interference fault.

[0012] The optical fiber fault point positioning module is configured to acquire an OTDR reflection waveform diagram of the optical fiber when the fault discrimination model outputs the fault analysis result of the optical fiber fault, and determine a fault point of the optical fiber based on the OTDR reflection waveform diagram.

[0013] The fault feedback module is configured to transmit the fault analysis result to a fiber communication monitoring control room, and transmit fault point information to the fiber communication monitoring control room when the fault analysis result is the optical fiber fault.

[0014] Further, the data acquisition module includes a first optical power meter installed at an input end of the optical fiber communication line and a second optical power meter installed at an output end of the optical fiber communication line, wherein the first optical power meter is configured to acquire an initial optical power of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, the second optical power meter is configured to acquire a terminal optical power of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, and the attenuation rate and the reflectivity of the optical fiber communication line are calculated based on the initial optical power and the terminal optical power, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0015]

[0016] wherein L represents a length of the optical fiber communication line, Pi represents the initial optical power at the i-th collection time, Pf represents the terminal optical power at the i-th collection time, ai represents the attenuation rate of the optical fiber communication line at the i-th collection time, ri represents the reflectivity of the optical fiber communication line at the i-th collection time, i is an index of the collection time in the monitoring time period, and n is a number of the collection time in the monitoring time period.

[0017] The data acquisition module further comprises a network analyzer for sending data packets at the input end of the optical fiber communication line and receiving data packets at the output end of the optical fiber communication line, and the network analyzer records the number of sent data packets and the number of received data packets within the monitoring time period, and calculates the packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line within the monitoring time period based on the number of sent and received data packets, with the calculation formula as follows:

[0018]

[0019] In the formula, represents the packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line, represents the number of data packets sent by the network analyzer within the monitoring time period, represents the number of data packets received by the network analyzer within the monitoring time period.

[0020] A plurality of points are selected at equal intervals along the extension direction of the optical fiber communication line, and the data acquisition module further comprises a plurality of comprehensive signal receivers arranged at the corresponding points one by one, which are used to receive temperature, humidity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal at the corresponding points of the optical fiber communication line, and the comprehensive signal receivers are composed of a temperature and humidity sensor for collecting temperature and humidity, a vibration sensor for collecting vibration signal, and an oscilloscope for collecting electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal.

[0021] Further, the feature extraction module is composed of a line performance vector extraction unit, an optical fiber fault vector extraction unit, a connector fault vector extraction unit, an interference fault vector extraction unit and a vector summarizing unit.

[0022] Further, the line performance vector extraction unit is used for feature extraction of the attenuation rate, the reflection rate and the packet loss rate within the monitoring time period, to obtain the mean value of the attenuation rate, the variance of the attenuation rate, the mean value of the reflection rate, the variance of the reflection rate and the packet loss rate within the monitoring time period, and to combine them to form a line performance vector, which is used to reflect the performance of the optical fiber communication line during signal transmission.

[0023] In the formula,

[0024]

[0025] In the formula, respectively represent the mean value of the attenuation rate, the variance of the attenuation rate, the mean value of the reflection rate, the variance of the reflection rate and the packet loss rate, represents the line performance vector.

[0026] Further, the optical fiber fault vector extraction unit is configured to extract features of the attenuation rate, temperature and humidity in the monitoring time period to obtain the attenuation rate variance, temperature mean value, temperature variance, humidity mean value and humidity variance in the monitoring time period, combine the temperature mean value, the temperature variance and the humidity mean value to generate a first optical fiber fault index, combine the first optical fiber fault index and the attenuation rate variance to generate a second optical fiber fault index, and combine the first optical fiber fault index, the second optical fiber fault index and the attenuation rate variance to form the optical fiber fault vector, the optical fiber fault vector being configured to reflect the possibility of optical fiber failure in the optical fiber communication line.

[0027] wherein a formula for calculating the first optical fiber fault index is as follows:

[0028]

[0029] wherein, are respectively a temperature mean value, a temperature variance and a humidity mean value of the optical fiber communication line, T is an optical fiber suitable temperature for the optical fiber to work most suitably, and RH is an optical fiber suitable humidity for the optical fiber to work most suitably, represents the first optical fiber fault index, represents a weight of the temperature in the calculation of the first optical fiber fault index, represents a weight of the humidity in the calculation of the first optical fiber fault index;

[0030] wherein a formula for calculating the second optical fiber fault index is as follows:

[0031]

[0032] wherein, is the second optical fiber fault index, is an attenuation rate variance threshold value, represents the attenuation rate variance;

[0033] wherein the optical fiber fault vector is represented as follows:

[0034]

[0035] wherein, represents the optical fiber fault vector.

[0036] Further, the connector failure vector extraction unit is configured to perform feature extraction on the reflectivity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal in the monitoring time period to obtain reflectivity variance, vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value, vibration velocity peak-peak value, electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak amplitude in the monitoring time period, combine the vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value and vibration velocity peak-peak value to generate a connector failure first index, combine the connector failure first index, electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak amplitude to generate a connector failure second index, combine the connector failure second index and reflectivity variance to generate a connector failure third index, and combine the connector failure first index, connector failure second index, connector failure third index and reflectivity variance to form a connector failure vector, the connector failure vector being used to reflect the possibility of failure of the fiber connector in the fiber optic communication line.

[0037] wherein the formula for calculating the connector failure first index is as follows:

[0038]

[0039] wherein, , , are respectively the vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value and vibration velocity peak-peak value of the fiber optic communication line, represents the connector failure first index, represents the weight of the vibration velocity peak-peak value and vibration velocity variance in the calculation of the connector failure first index, represents the weight of the vibration velocity peak value in the calculation of the connector failure first index, and , and ;

[0040] wherein the formula for calculating the connector failure second index is as follows:

[0041]

[0042] wherein, , , , respectively represent the electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak amplitude, represents the connector failure second index, is the maximum allowed amplitude of the radio frequency interference, represents the weight of the electromagnetic pulse in the calculation of the connector failure second index, represents the weight of the radio frequency interference in the second index calculation of the connector fault, and , and ;

[0043] wherein the formula for calculating the third index of the connector fault is as follows:

[0044]

[0045] wherein, is the third index of the connector fault, is the reflectivity variance threshold, is the reflectivity variance;

[0046] wherein the connector fault vector is represented as follows:

[0047]

[0048] wherein, is the connector fault vector.

[0049] Further, the interference fault vector extraction unit is configured to extract features of the electromagnetic pulse signal and the radio frequency interference signal in the monitoring time period to obtain the electromagnetic pulse width, the electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, the radio frequency interference average amplitude and the radio frequency interference peak amplitude in the monitoring time period, and combine them to form the interference fault vector, which reflects the possibility of the optical fiber communication line being faulty due to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference;

[0050] wherein the interference fault vector is represented as follows:

[0051]

[0052] wherein, is the interference fault vector, , , , respectively represent the electromagnetic pulse width, the electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, the radio frequency interference average amplitude and the radio frequency interference peak amplitude.

[0053] Further, the vector summary unit is configured to summarize the line performance vector, the optical fiber fault vector, the connector fault vector and the interference fault vector to form a comprehensive feature vector;

[0054] wherein the comprehensive feature vector is represented as follows:

[0055]

[0056] wherein, is the comprehensive feature vector, represents the line performance vector, represents a fiber fault vector, is a connector fault vector, is an interference fault vector.

[0057] Further, the fault discrimination model selects a deep learning model based on a multilayer perceptron, including an input layer for receiving the comprehensive feature vector, one or more hidden layers for processing the comprehensive feature vector, and an output layer for outputting the fault analysis result.

[0058] The process of training the fault discrimination model is as follows: obtaining historical state parameters of the optical fiber communication line in a plurality of historical monitoring time periods and corresponding fault analysis results, then performing feature extraction on the historical state parameters by the feature extraction module to obtain historical comprehensive feature vectors, and labeling the fault analysis results at the corresponding historical comprehensive feature vectors to form a data set, dividing the data set into a training set, a validation set and a test set according to a ratio of 70:15:15, using the training set to train the fault discrimination model, using the validation set to adjust the hyperparameters and prevent overfitting, using the test set to evaluate the performance of the fault discrimination model, until the fault discrimination model is trained.

[0059] Further, the method for determining the fault point of the optical fiber based on the OTDR reflection waveform is as follows: calculating the slope of each point in the OTDR reflection waveform based on the numerical differentiation method, taking the point with a slope greater than a preset slope threshold as an abnormal point, and taking the position corresponding to the abnormal point in the optical fiber as the fault point.

[0060] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages:

[0061] The optical fiber communication line fault feedback system of the present application, by acquiring the attenuation rate, reflectivity, packet loss rate, temperature, humidity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal of the optical fiber communication line, and calculating the line performance vector, fiber fault vector, connector fault vector and interference fault vector to form the comprehensive feature vector, compared with the prior art, comprehensively considers the influence of communication related parameters and environmental related parameters, realizes the comprehensive evaluation of the optical fiber communication line, improves the accuracy of subsequent fault diagnosis and fault classification, and realizes the purpose of accurate fault feedback, improves the work efficiency of the staff. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0062] Fig. 1 is a module schematic diagram of the optical fiber communication line fault feedback system in the present application;

[0063] Fig. 2 is a unit diagram of the feature extraction module in the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0064] In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application clearer, the present application will be further described in detail below with specific embodiments.

[0065] It should be noted that, unless otherwise defined, technical terms or scientific terms used in the present application should be understood as their common meanings to those skilled in the art to which the present application pertains. The terms "first", "second", and similar terms used in the present application do not represent any order, number, or importance, but are only used to distinguish different components. The terms "include", "contain", and similar terms mean that the components or objects listed before the terms encompass the components or objects listed after the terms and their equivalents, without excluding other components or objects. The terms "connect" or "connected" and similar terms do not mean physical or mechanical connections, but can include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect. The terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", and the like only represent relative positional relationships, which can change accordingly when the absolute positions of the described objects change.

[0066] Embodiment:

[0067] Please refer to Figs. 1-2 The present application provides an optical fiber communication line fault feedback system, comprising the following modules:

[0068] A data acquisition module, configured to acquire state parameters of the optical fiber communication line in a monitoring time period, the state parameters including attenuation rate, reflectivity, packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line, temperature, humidity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal, and radio frequency interference signal at multiple points of the optical fiber communication line;

[0069] It should be noted that the optical fiber communication line is composed of multiple optical fibers connected by optical fiber connectors, the monitoring time period is a time period before the current time, which can be 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, etc., without limitation;

[0070] The data acquisition module includes a first optical power meter installed at the input end of the optical fiber communication line and a second optical power meter installed at the output end of the optical fiber communication line, the first optical power meter is configured to acquire initial optical power of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, and the second optical power meter is configured to acquire terminal optical power of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, based on the initial optical power and the terminal optical power, the attenuation rate and the reflectivity of the optical fiber communication line are calculated, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0071]

[0072] It should be noted that L represents the length of the optical fiber communication line, represents the initial optical power at the i-th acquisition time, Pi represents the terminal optical power at the i-th collection time point, Pi represents the attenuation rate of the optical fiber communication line at the i-th collection time point, Pi represents the reflectivity of the optical fiber communication line at the i-th collection time point, i is the index of the collection time point in the monitoring time period, and n is the number of collection time points in the monitoring time period, the collection frequencies of the first optical power meter and the second optical power meter are aligned in the time stamp, and the specific collection frequency can be set to one second, three seconds, five seconds, etc., which is not limited here;

[0073] The data acquisition module includes a network analyzer that sends data packets at the input end of the optical fiber communication line and receives data packets at the output end of the optical fiber communication line, and the network analyzer records the number of sent data packets and the number of received data packets in the monitoring time period, and based on the number of sent and received data packets, calculates the packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, and the calculation formula is as follows:

[0074]

[0075] It should be noted that, Pi represents the packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line, Pi represents the number of data packets accumulated by the network analyzer in the monitoring time period, Pi represents the number of data packets accumulated by the network analyzer in the monitoring time period;

[0076] A plurality of points are selected at equal intervals along the extension direction of the optical fiber communication line, and the number of points can be 5, 7, 10, 15, etc., which is not limited here. The data acquisition module includes a plurality of comprehensive signal receivers arranged at the corresponding points, and the comprehensive signal receivers are used to receive temperature, humidity, vibration signals, electromagnetic pulse signals and radio frequency interference signals at the corresponding points of the optical fiber communication line. The comprehensive signal receiver is composed of a temperature and humidity sensor for collecting temperature and humidity, a vibration sensor for collecting vibration signals, and an oscilloscope for collecting electromagnetic pulse signals and radio frequency interference signals, and the collection frequency of the temperature and humidity sensor is consistent with the collection frequency of the first optical power meter and the second optical power meter;

[0077] As one implementation method, the temperature and humidity sensor can be a DHT11, DHT22, or SHT31 temperature sensor, placed at the corresponding point on the fiber optic communication line. The temperature and humidity sensor is connected to a microcontroller (such as an Arduino or Raspberry Pi), and a program is written to read and record the temperature and humidity values. The vibration sensor can be an accelerometer, installed at the corresponding point on the fiber optic communication line. Similarly, the accelerometer is connected to a microcontroller, and a program is written to read and record the vibration signal. The oscilloscope can be a Siglen SDS2000X series oscilloscope, also placed at the corresponding point on the fiber optic communication line. Electromagnetic pulse signals and radio frequency interference signals are recorded using appropriate data recording tools. Of course, other models of devices in the prior art can also be used as the integrated signal receiver, and no limitation is made here.

[0078] Furthermore, after acquiring the attenuation rate, reflectivity, temperature, and humidity at different acquisition times during the monitoring period, these data types are subjected to maximum-min normalization. The normalized data are then used for subsequent analysis to ensure that all data are analyzed under the same dimension, avoiding the problem of some data being overlooked due to different dimensions. In addition, during the maximum-min normalization process, the suitable temperature of the optical fiber and the temperature are normalized together, and the suitable humidity of the optical fiber and the humidity are normalized together to ensure the rationality of the calculation formulas in the following text.

[0079] The feature extraction module is used to extract features from the state parameters to obtain a comprehensive feature vector. This comprehensive feature vector consists of a line performance vector, an optical fiber fault vector, a connector fault vector, and an interference fault vector. The comprehensive feature vector reflects the operating status of the optical fiber communication line during the monitoring period. The feature extraction module comprises a line performance vector extraction unit, an optical fiber fault vector extraction unit, a connector fault vector extraction unit, an interference fault vector extraction unit, and a vector aggregation unit, as detailed below:

[0080] The line performance vector extraction unit is used to extract features of attenuation rate, reflectivity and packet loss rate during the monitoring period to obtain the mean attenuation rate, variance attenuation rate, mean reflectivity, variance reflectivity and packet loss rate during the monitoring period, and combine them to form a line performance vector, which is used to reflect the performance of the optical fiber communication line during signal transmission.

[0081] The line performance vector is represented as follows:

[0082]

[0083] In the formula, respectively represent the mean of attenuation rate, the variance of attenuation rate, the mean of reflectivity, the variance of reflectivity and the packet loss rate, represents a line performance vector;

[0084] wherein the calculation formula of the mean of attenuation rate and the variance of attenuation rate is as follows:

[0085]

[0086] Similarly, the mean of reflectivity and the variance of reflectivity are obtained by the same method, and the calculation formula of the mean and the variance is the existing calculation, which is not described here;

[0087] It should be noted that the greater the mean of attenuation rate, the greater the signal attenuation rate of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, which means that the signal loss is serious in the transmission process, the signal strength is reduced, it is difficult to obtain clear signal from the output end of the optical fiber communication line, and the performance of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period is also poorer. The greater the variance of attenuation rate, the more unstable the transmission signal in the optical fiber communication line, the more likely to cause signal distortion problem, and the performance of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period is also poorer. And high variance of attenuation rate is often caused by quality problems of optical fiber material, such as uneven optical fiber, which causes large difference in attenuation rate of signal at different places in the optical fiber, thereby showing high variance of attenuation rate.

[0088] It should be noted that the greater the mean of reflectivity, the greater the degree of signal return loss, which will reduce the effective transmission of signal, cause unstable optical signal, increase the bit error rate, and thus affect the communication quality. The greater the mean of reflectivity, the poorer the performance of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period. The greater the variance of reflectivity, the more unstable the transmission signal in the optical fiber communication line, the more likely to cause signal reflection and loss, and the performance of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period is also poorer. And high variance of reflectivity is often caused by uneven connection quality of various optical fiber connectors, such as excellent connection quality of part of the optical fiber connectors in the optical fiber communication line, but part of the optical fiber connectors have joint problems, which cause signal reflection and loss, thereby showing high variance of reflectivity.

[0089] It should be noted that the greater the packet loss rate, the poorer the completeness and reliability of the optical fiber communication line in transmitting data in the monitoring time period, thereby indicating that the performance of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period is also poorer, especially in real-time applications (such as video conference, online game and the like), higher packet loss rate will significantly affect the user experience.

[0090] an optical fiber fault vector extraction unit configured to extract features of the attenuation rate, the temperature, and the humidity in the monitoring time period to obtain the attenuation rate variance, the temperature mean value, the temperature variance, the humidity mean value, and the humidity variance in the monitoring time period, combine the temperature mean value, the temperature variance, and the humidity mean value to generate a first optical fiber fault index, combine the first optical fiber fault index and the attenuation rate variance to generate a second optical fiber fault index, and combine the first optical fiber fault index, the second optical fiber fault index, and the attenuation rate variance to form the optical fiber fault vector, the optical fiber fault vector configured to reflect the possibility of the optical fiber fault in the optical fiber communication line;

[0091] wherein a formula for calculating the first optical fiber fault index is as follows:

[0092]

[0093] wherein, are the temperature mean value, the temperature variance, and the humidity mean value of the optical fiber communication line, specifically, the temperature mean value, the temperature variance, and the humidity mean value of each point are calculated first, and then the temperature mean value, the temperature variance, and the humidity mean value of each point are processed by mean value processing, and the processed results are taken as the temperature mean value, the temperature variance, and the humidity mean value of the optical fiber communication line, so as to avoid accidental errors of individual points, T is an optical fiber suitable temperature for the most suitable optical fiber operation, and RH is an optical fiber suitable humidity for the most suitable optical fiber operation, the optical fiber suitable temperature and the optical fiber suitable humidity are specifically obtained through laboratory experiments, for example, the optical fiber suitable temperature is 25 degrees Celsius, and the optical fiber suitable humidity is 40%, under this combination of the optical fiber suitable temperature and the optical fiber suitable humidity, the optical fiber can guarantee excellent performance, and will not be deformed and bent due to thermal expansion and contraction, nor will it be dry and cracked due to too small humidity, nor will it be infiltrated and corroded due to too large humidity;

[0094] wherein, represents the first optical fiber fault index, the first optical fiber fault index is used to comprehensively consider the temperature and humidity factors to evaluate the possibility of the optical fiber fault, and the larger the first optical fiber fault index is, the greater the possibility of the optical fiber fault is;

[0095] It should be noted that, the greater the temperature mean value deviates from the optical fiber suitable temperature, the greater the possibility of the optical fiber fault due to too high or too low temperature is, and on this basis, the greater the temperature variance is, the more uneven the temperature is, and the uneven temperature will lead to inconsistent thermal expansion and contraction of the optical fiber at different positions, further increasing the possibility of the optical fiber fault due to the temperature factor, therefore, on the basis of , the index is added to comprehensively reflect the possibility of the optical fiber fault due to the temperature factor, The form reflects the nonlinear influence of temperature factor on the fiber failure, 1 is set to avoid the problem of base less than 1, and the greater the temperature mean deviation from the suitable temperature of the fiber and the greater the temperature variance, the greater the possibility of fiber failure due to temperature factors, and the greater the fiber failure first index, and the greater the fiber failure first index, the greater the possibility of fiber failure due to high or low humidity, and the greater the fiber failure first index;

[0096] In the formula, represents the weight of temperature in the calculation of the fiber failure first index, represents the weight of humidity in the calculation of the fiber failure first index, when , it means that the temperature mean deviation from the suitable temperature of the fiber is greater than the humidity mean deviation from the suitable humidity of the fiber, at this time the influence of temperature on fiber failure is greater than the influence of humidity on fiber failure, therefore , when , it means that the temperature mean deviation from the suitable temperature of the fiber is equal to the humidity mean deviation from the suitable humidity of the fiber, at this time the influence of temperature on fiber failure is equal to the influence of humidity on fiber failure, therefore , when , it means that the temperature mean deviation from the suitable temperature of the fiber is less than the humidity mean deviation from the suitable humidity of the fiber, at this time the influence of temperature on fiber failure is less than the influence of humidity on fiber failure, therefore ;

[0097] Wherein, the formula for calculating the fiber failure second index is as follows:

[0098]

[0099] In the formula, is the fiber failure second index, which is used to comprehensively consider the fiber failure first index and the attenuation rate variance to evaluate the possibility of fiber failure, and the greater the fiber failure second index, the greater the possibility of fiber failure;

[0100] In the formula, is the attenuation rate variance threshold value, which is used to represent the minimum attenuation rate variance when the fiber fails, and its value can be determined according to experiments or relevant experts, is used to correct the fiber failure first index to obtain the fiber failure second index, when , it means that the possibility of fiber failure is greater at this time, and by in the form of a fiber fault second index greater than the fiber fault first index, so as to increase the possibility of outputting fiber fault in subsequent model processing, and when , it indicates that the possibility of fiber fault at this time is smaller, and through in the form of a fiber fault second index smaller than the fiber fault first index, so as to reduce the possibility of outputting fiber fault in subsequent model processing;

[0101] Wherein, the fiber fault vector is represented as follows:

[0102]

[0103] It should be noted that, represents the fiber fault vector, and the fiber fault vector includes three elements of the fiber fault first index, the fiber fault second index and the attenuation rate variance, which respectively considers the possibility of fiber fault from the temperature and humidity level, the attenuation rate variance level and the comprehensive level of both, so as to ensure the comprehensiveness of the data while ensuring the simplicity of the data, so as to improve the accuracy of the subsequent model output fault type;

[0104] The connector fault vector extraction unit is used for feature extraction of the reflectivity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal in the monitoring time period, so as to obtain the reflectivity variance, vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value, vibration velocity peak-peak value, electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak value amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak value amplitude in the monitoring time period, generate a connector fault first index in combination with the vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value and vibration velocity peak-peak value, generate a connector fault second index in combination with the connector fault first index, electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak value amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak value amplitude, generate a connector fault third index in combination with the connector fault second index and reflectivity variance, and combine the connector fault first index, connector fault second index, connector fault third index and reflectivity variance to form a connector fault vector, which is used to reflect the possibility of fiber connector fault in the fiber communication line;

[0105] Wherein, the formula for calculating the connector fault first index is as follows:

[0106]

[0107] In the formula, , , The vibration speed variance, the vibration speed peak value and the vibration speed peak-peak value of the optical fiber communication line are respectively, specifically, the vibration speed variance, the vibration speed peak value and the vibration speed peak-peak value of each point are extracted through MATLAB software and normalized by maximum and minimum, and the vibration speed variance, the vibration speed peak value and the vibration speed peak-peak value of each point after normalization are averaged, and the processed results are taken as the vibration speed variance, the vibration speed peak value and the vibration speed peak-peak value of the optical fiber communication line, so as to avoid accidental error of single point, which is prior art and will not be described here. The vibration speed variance is used to measure the average intensity of vibration, the vibration speed peak value is used to measure the instantaneous intensity of vibration, and the peak-peak value is used to measure the change amplitude of vibration.

[0108] In the formula, The connector failure first index is used to consider the vibration factor to evaluate the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector, and the greater the connector failure first index, the greater the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector.

[0109] It should be noted that the greater the vibration speed peak-peak value, the greater the vibration amplitude of the optical fiber communication line, and the greater the possibility of failure (such as loosening damage) of the optical fiber connector due to vibration. On this basis, the greater the vibration speed variance, the greater the vibration intensity of the optical fiber communication line, and the greater the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector due to vibration. Therefore, on the basis of The index is added to comprehensively reflect the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector caused by the vibration speed peak-peak value and the vibration speed variance. The form of reflects the nonlinear influence of the vibration speed peak-peak value and the vibration speed variance on the optical fiber connector, 1 is set to avoid the problem of less than 1, and the greater the vibration speed peak-peak value and the vibration speed variance, the greater the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector due to the vibration speed peak-peak value and the vibration speed variance, and the greater the connector failure first index. The greater the vibration speed peak value, the greater the instantaneous vibration intensity of the optical fiber communication line, and the greater the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector due to instantaneous vibration. And the influence of instantaneous vibration on the optical fiber connector is extremely significant, and it is more likely to cause irreversible damage to the optical fiber connector. Therefore, the exponential form of is used to reflect the nonlinear influence of the vibration speed peak value on the optical fiber connector, and the greater the possibility of failure of the optical fiber connector due to the vibration speed peak value, and the greater the connector failure first index.

[0110] In the formula, represents the weight of the vibration velocity peak-to-peak value and the vibration velocity variance in the calculation of the first connector failure index, represents the weight of the vibration velocity peak value in the calculation of the first connector failure index, and the effect of transient vibration on the fiber connector is more significant, and more likely to cause the fiber connector to loosen and other irreversible failures, so is increased on the basis of to ensure that the vibration velocity peak value occupies a higher weight in the calculation of the first connector failure index;

[0111] As an embodiment, the value range of is 0.6-0.8, and the specific value is set by the staff according to the actual situation, which is not limited here;

[0112] The formula for calculating the second connector failure index is as follows:

[0113]

[0114] In the formula, , , , respectively represent the electromagnetic pulse width (the duration of the electromagnetic pulse), the electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, the radio frequency interference average amplitude, and the radio frequency interference peak amplitude. Specifically, the electromagnetic pulse width, the electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, the radio frequency interference average amplitude, and the radio frequency interference peak amplitude of each point are first extracted by MATLAB software and normalized. The radio frequency interference maximum allowable amplitude and the radio frequency interference average amplitude are normalized together to ensure the rationality of the calculation formula in the following text. The normalized electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude, and radio frequency interference peak amplitude of each point are then averaged to obtain the electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude, and radio frequency interference peak amplitude of the fiber communication line. This avoids the accidental error of taking points individually, which is a prior art and will not be described here.

[0115] In the formula, represents the second connector failure index, which is used to consider the first connector failure index, electromagnetic pulse, and radio frequency interference to evaluate the possibility of fiber connector failure. The larger the second connector failure index, the greater the possibility of fiber connector failure.

[0116] In the formula, The maximum allowed amplitude of radio frequency interference, which can be determined by relevant experts according to relevant industrial standards (such as IEC, ANSI, ITU, etc.) or fiber connector operation manual. When the average amplitude of radio frequency interference exceeds the maximum allowed amplitude of radio frequency interference, the radio frequency interference will cause adverse and even irreversible damage to the fiber connector, thereby increasing the possibility of fiber connector failure;

[0117] It should be noted that electromagnetic pulse is a strong electromagnetic interference signal with instantaneous and explosive characteristics, which usually causes irreversible damage to the fiber connector, thereby causing the fiber connector to fail. Therefore, the characteristic data of the electromagnetic pulse is introduced to correct the connector failure first index. The greater the peak amplitude of the electromagnetic pulse, the greater the intensity of the electromagnetic pulse, and the more likely it is to cause damage to the fiber connector. On this basis, the smaller the electromagnetic pulse width, the stronger the instantaneous nature of the electromagnetic pulse, and the greater the impact on the fiber connector, thereby greatly increasing the possibility of fiber connector failure due to the influence of the electromagnetic pulse. Therefore, the index is added to reflect the possibility of fiber connector failure caused by the electromagnetic pulse, which reflects the nonlinear impact of the electromagnetic pulse on the fiber connector failure, and the greater the peak amplitude of the electromagnetic pulse and the smaller the electromagnetic pulse width, the greater it is, indicating that the possibility of fiber connector failure due to the electromagnetic pulse is also greater, and the connector failure second index is also greater;

[0118] It should be noted that radio frequency interference is a weak electromagnetic interference signal with persistence and gentleness compared to electromagnetic pulse. Therefore, under the premise that the average amplitude of radio frequency interference is less than the maximum allowed amplitude of radio frequency interference, radio frequency interference usually does not cause irreversible damage to the fiber connector, but causes temporary performance degradation of the fiber connector, thereby causing a false appearance of fiber connector failure. Therefore, the characteristic data of the radio frequency interference is introduced to correct the connector failure first index. The greater the average amplitude of radio frequency interference, the greater the intensity of the radio frequency interference, and the more likely it is to cause temporary performance degradation of the fiber connector. The greater the radio frequency interference peak amplitude, the greater the intensity of the radio frequency interference, but because the radio frequency interference is generally relatively gentle, under the premise that the average amplitude of radio frequency interference is less than the maximum allowed amplitude of radio frequency interference, a larger radio frequency interference peak amplitude will only further aggravate the temporary performance degradation of the fiber connector, i.e. the interference influence of the average amplitude of radio frequency interference is corrected, and the fiber connector failure false appearance is further increased. Therefore, the is used to correct the connector failure first index, ​The form reflects the nonlinear influence of the radio frequency interference on the fiber connector failure illusion, the greater the average amplitude of the radio frequency interference and the peak amplitude of the radio frequency interference, The smaller the connector failure second index is, so as to reduce the influence of the fiber connector failure illusion;

[0119] It should be noted that when the average amplitude of the radio frequency interference is not less than the maximum allowed amplitude of the radio frequency interference, the radio frequency interference will cause irreversible damage to the fiber connector to a certain extent, and then cause the fiber connector to fail, so the characteristic data of the radio frequency interference is introduced to correct the connector failure first index, the greater the average amplitude of the radio frequency interference, the greater the persistence of the radio frequency interference, the more likely the fiber connector fails, and on this basis, the greater the peak amplitude of the radio frequency interference, the greater the instantaneous intensity of the radio frequency interference, and the greater the possibility of the fiber connector failure, so the is used to correct the connector failure first index, The form reflects the nonlinear influence of the peak amplitude of the radio frequency interference and the part of the average amplitude of the radio frequency interference exceeding the maximum allowed amplitude of the radio frequency interference on the fiber connector failure, and the greater the peak amplitude of the radio frequency interference and the average amplitude of the radio frequency interference, The greater, which indicates that the possibility of the fiber connector failure due to the radio frequency interference is also greater, and the connector failure second index is also greater;

[0120] In the formula, represents the weight of the electromagnetic pulse in the calculation of the connector failure second index, represents the weight of the radio frequency interference in the calculation of the connector failure second index, and because the electromagnetic pulse is more destructive to the fiber connector than the radio frequency interference, the is based on the , so as to ensure that the electromagnetic pulse has a higher weight in the calculation of the connector failure second index;

[0121] As an embodiment, The value range of is 0.6-0.9, The value range of is 0.1-0.4, and the specific value is set by the staff according to the actual situation, which is not limited here;

[0122] The formula for calculating the connector failure third index is as follows:

[0123]

[0124] In the formula, The third index of connector failure is used to comprehensively consider the second index of connector failure and the variance of reflectivity to evaluate the probability of fiber optic connector failure. The larger the third index of connector failure is, the greater the probability of fiber optic connector failure.

[0125] In the formula, This is the reflectivity variance threshold, used to represent the minimum reflectivity variance when a fiber optic connector fails. Its value can be determined experimentally or by relevant experts. This is used to correct the second connector failure index to obtain the third connector failure index, when... This indicates a high probability of fiber optic cable failure at this time. In the form of a larger third exponent for connector failure, based on the second exponent for connector failure, a larger third exponent for connector failure is obtained to increase the probability of output connector failure during subsequent model processing. Similarly, when... This indicates that the probability of fiber optic cable failure is relatively low at this time. In the form of a smaller third index for connector failure based on the second index for connector failure, the likelihood of output connector failure is reduced during subsequent model processing.

[0126] The connector fault vector is represented as follows:

[0127]

[0128] It should be noted that, The connector fault vector consists of four elements: the first index of connector fault, the second index of connector fault, the third index of connector fault, and the reflectivity variance. These four elements consider the possibility of fiber optic connector faults from the perspectives of vibration, vibration and interference, vibration, interference and reflectivity variance, and reflectivity variance, respectively. This ensures both data simplicity and comprehensiveness, thereby improving the accuracy of the fault type output by the subsequent model.

[0129] The interference fault vector extraction unit is used to extract features from electromagnetic pulse signals and radio frequency interference signals during the monitoring period to obtain the electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude, and radio frequency interference peak amplitude during the monitoring period, and combine them to form an interference fault vector. The interference fault vector is used to reflect the possibility of optical fiber communication lines failing due to electromagnetic and radio frequency interference.

[0130] The interference fault vector is represented as follows:

[0131]

[0132] It should be noted that, The interference fault vector includes four electromagnetic interference characteristics, i.e., electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude, and radio frequency interference peak amplitude, so as to represent the influence of electromagnetic interference on the optical fiber communication line;

[0133] The vector aggregation unit is configured to aggregate the line performance vector, the optical fiber fault vector, the connector fault vector, and the interference fault vector to form a comprehensive feature vector;

[0134] The comprehensive feature vector is represented as follows:

[0135]

[0136] It should be noted that, The comprehensive feature vector is represented as follows:

[0137] The fault discrimination model is configured to receive the comprehensive feature vector and output a fault analysis result of the optical fiber communication line, the fault analysis result being no fault, optical fiber fault, optical fiber connector fault, or interference fault;

[0138] The fault discrimination model is selected to be a deep learning model based on a multilayer perceptron, including an input layer configured to receive the comprehensive feature vector, one or more hidden layers configured to process the comprehensive feature vector, and a ReLU activation function used in the hidden layers to increase nonlinearity, and the hidden layers including 64 or 32 neurons, an output layer configured to output the fault analysis result, and a Softmax activation function used in the output layer, so as to predict the fault analysis result of the optical fiber communication line according to the comprehensive feature vector. Of course, the fault discrimination model can also be selected to be a model structure such as a support vector machine or a random forest, and is not limited herein;

[0139] Before using the fault discrimination model to analyze the comprehensive feature vector and output the fault analysis results of the optical fiber communication line, the fault discrimination model needs to be trained first. The training process is as follows: First, obtain the historical state parameters and corresponding fault analysis results of the optical fiber communication line within multiple historical monitoring time periods. Then, use the feature extraction module to extract features from the historical state parameters to obtain the historical comprehensive feature vector. The fault analysis results are then labeled at the corresponding historical comprehensive feature vectors to form a dataset. Specifically, when the fault analysis result is "no fault," mark "0" on the corresponding historical comprehensive feature vector; when the fault analysis result is "optical fiber fault," mark "1" on the corresponding historical comprehensive feature vector; when the fault analysis result is "optical fiber connector fault," mark "1" on the corresponding historical comprehensive feature vector; and so on. The composite feature vector is marked with "2". When the fault analysis result is "interference fault", the corresponding historical composite feature vector is marked with "3". Then, the dataset is divided into training set, validation set and test set in a ratio of 70:15:15. The cross-entropy loss function and Adam optimizer are used. The fault discrimination model is trained using the training set, and the loss and accuracy during the training process are monitored. The validation set is used to adjust the hyperparameters and prevent overfitting. The test set is used to evaluate the performance of the fault discrimination model. Specifically, the performance of the fault discrimination model is evaluated by calculating indicators such as accuracy and recall. When the relevant indicators reach the threshold (such as the accuracy reaching 95%), the fault discrimination model is considered to have completed training. The specific training, validation and testing processes are all conventional techniques for those skilled in the art and will not be described in detail here.

[0140] The fiber optic fault location module is used to obtain the OTDR reflection waveform of the fiber optic cable when the fault discrimination module outputs the fault analysis result of fiber optic fault, and to determine the fault point of the fiber optic cable based on the OTDR reflection waveform.

[0141] The method for obtaining the OTDR reflection waveform is as follows: connect the optical time domain reflectometer (OTDR) to the end of the optical fiber, pre-adjust the test parameters of the optical time domain reflectometer, start the optical time domain reflectometer to test the optical fiber, and obtain the OTDR reflection waveform.

[0142] It should be noted that the test parameters include the test wavelength, pulse width, test distance, sampling frequency, and average number of times. The specific values ​​of the test parameters are set according to the actual situation. For example, the test distance is between 1.2 and 1.5 times the length of the optical fiber, the sampling frequency is between 1 kHz and 10 kHz, and the average number of times is between 16 and 256. For example, when conducting long-distance tests, a test wavelength of 1550 nm is selected, and the pulse width is set between 1 microsecond and 10 microseconds. When conducting short-distance tests, a test wavelength of 850 nm is selected, and the pulse width is set between 1 nanosecond and 100 nanoseconds.

[0143] The method for determining the fault point of the optical fiber based on the OTDR reflected waveform is as follows: the slope of each point in the OTDR reflected waveform is calculated based on the numerical differentiation method, the point with a slope greater than a preset slope threshold is taken as an abnormal point, and the position corresponding to the abnormal point in the optical fiber is taken as the fault point. The preset slope threshold can be determined by the staff according to historical data, which is a prior art and will not be described herein.

[0144] The fault feedback module is configured to transmit the fault analysis result to the optical fiber communication monitoring central control room, and transmit the fault point information to the optical fiber communication monitoring central control room when the fault analysis result is the optical fiber fault;

[0145] It should be noted that the fault feedback module is a signal transmitter that can output multiple signals. When the fault analysis result is no fault, a no-fault signal is transmitted to the optical fiber communication monitoring central control room. When the fault analysis result is the optical fiber fault, an optical fiber fault signal and the position information of the fault point are transmitted to the optical fiber communication monitoring central control room, so that the staff in the central control room can repair the optical fiber. When the fault analysis result is the connector fault, a connector fault signal is transmitted to the optical fiber communication monitoring central control room, so that the staff in the central control room can repair the optical fiber connector. When the fault analysis result is the interference fault, an interference fault signal is transmitted to the optical fiber communication monitoring central control room, so as to prevent the staff from mistakenly thinking that the optical fiber connector is damaged and immediately repairing it, thereby causing unnecessary labor consumption.

[0146] The above formulas are all dimensionless values, and the formulas are obtained by software simulation of a large amount of data to obtain a formula of the nearest real situation. The preset parameters in the formula are set by a person skilled in the art according to the actual situation.

[0147] The above embodiments can be realized wholly or partially by software, hardware, firmware or any combination thereof. When realized by software, the above embodiments can be realized in the form of a computer program product wholly or partially. Those skilled in the art can realize that the units and algorithm steps of the examples described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein can be realized by electronic hardware or a combination of computer software and electronic hardware. Whether the functions are realized by hardware or software methods depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solutions.

[0148] The units described as separate components can or can not be physically separated, and the components shown as units can or can not be physical units, which can be located in one place or distributed on multiple network units. Part or all of the units can be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the embodiments.

[0149] The above merely provides the specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of the changes or replacements within the technical range disclosed by the present application, which should be covered in the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. An optical fiber communication line fault feedback system, characterized by, The method comprises the following steps: a data acquisition module is configured to acquire state parameters of the optical fiber communication line in a monitoring time period, wherein the state parameters include attenuation rate, reflectivity, packet loss rate, temperature, humidity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal of the optical fiber communication line; a feature extraction module is configured to extract features of the state parameters to obtain a comprehensive feature vector, wherein the comprehensive feature vector is composed of a line performance vector, an optical fiber fault vector, a connector fault vector and an interference fault vector, and the comprehensive feature vector is used to reflect the running state of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period; a fault discrimination model is configured to receive the comprehensive feature vector and output a fault analysis result of the optical fiber communication line, wherein the fault analysis result is no fault, optical fiber fault, optical fiber connector fault or interference fault; an optical fiber fault point positioning module is configured to acquire an OTDR reflection waveform diagram of the optical fiber when the fault discrimination model outputs the fault analysis result of optical fiber fault, and determine the fault point of the optical fiber based on the OTDR reflection waveform diagram; a fault feedback module is configured to deliver the fault analysis result to the optical fiber communication monitoring control room, and deliver the fault point information to the optical fiber communication monitoring control room when the fault analysis result is optical fiber fault; the reflectivity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal in the monitoring time period are extracted to obtain reflectivity variance, vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value, vibration velocity peak-peak value, electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak amplitude in the monitoring time period, the vibration velocity variance, vibration velocity peak value and vibration velocity peak-peak value are combined to generate a connector fault first index, the connector fault first index, electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak amplitude are combined to generate a connector fault second index, the connector fault second index and reflectivity variance are combined to generate a connector fault third index, and the connector fault first index, connector fault second index, connector fault third index and reflectivity variance are combined to form a connector fault vector, wherein the connector fault vector is used to reflect the possibility of optical fiber connector fault in the optical fiber communication line; wherein the formula for calculating the connector fault second index is as follows: wherein represents a connector failure first index, , , , respectively represent an electromagnetic pulse width, an electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, a radio frequency interference average amplitude, and a radio frequency interference peak amplitude, represents a connector failure second index, is a maximum allowed amplitude of radio frequency interference, represents a weight of electromagnetic pulse in the calculation of the connector failure second index, represents a weight of radio frequency interference in the calculation of the connector failure second index, and , and , the connector failure first index is corrected by using to correct the effects of fiber connector failure artifacts.

2. A fibre optic communication line fault feedback system according to claim 1 characterised in that: the data acquisition module comprises a first optical power meter installed at the input end of the optical fiber communication line and a second optical power meter installed at the output end of the optical fiber communication line, the first optical power meter is used to acquire the initial optical power of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, the second optical power meter is used to acquire the terminal optical power of the optical fiber communication line in the monitoring time period, and the attenuation rate and reflectivity of the optical fiber communication line are calculated based on the initial optical power and terminal optical power, and the calculation formula is as follows: wherein L represents the length of the optical fiber communication line, represents the initial optical power at the i-th collection time point, represents the terminal optical power at the i-th collection time point, represents the attenuation rate of the optical fiber communication line at the i-th collection time point, represents the reflectance of the optical fiber communication line at the i-th collection time point, i is an index of the collection time point within the monitoring time period, and n is the number of collection time points within the monitoring time period. The data acquisition module further comprises a network analyzer for sending data packets at the input end of the optical fiber communication line and receiving data packets at the output end of the optical fiber communication line, and the network analyzer records the number of sent data packets and the number of received data packets within the monitoring time period, and calculates the packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line within the monitoring time period based on the number of sent and received data packets, with the calculation formula being as follows: wherein denotes the packet loss rate of the optical fiber communication line, denotes the number of data packets transmitted by the network analyzer cumulatively over the monitoring time period, denotes the number of data packets received by the network analyzer cumulatively over the monitoring time period; A plurality of points are selected along the extension direction of the optical fiber communication line at equal intervals, and the data acquisition module further comprises a plurality of comprehensive signal receivers arranged at the corresponding points one by one, and the comprehensive signal receivers are used for receiving temperature, humidity, vibration signal, electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal at the corresponding points of the optical fiber communication line, and the comprehensive signal receivers are composed of a temperature and humidity sensor for collecting temperature and humidity, a vibration sensor for collecting vibration signal, and an oscilloscope for collecting electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal.

3. The optical fiber communication line fault feedback system of claim 1, wherein: The feature extraction module is composed of a line performance vector extraction unit, an optical fiber fault vector extraction unit, a connector fault vector extraction unit, an interference fault vector extraction unit and a vector summary unit; The optical fiber fault vector extraction unit is used for feature extraction of the attenuation rate, temperature and humidity within the monitoring time period, so as to obtain the attenuation rate variance, temperature mean value, temperature variance, humidity mean value and humidity variance within the monitoring time period, combine the temperature mean value, temperature variance and humidity mean value to generate a first optical fiber fault index, combine the first optical fiber fault index and the attenuation rate variance to generate a second optical fiber fault index, and combine the first optical fiber fault index, the second optical fiber fault index and the attenuation rate variance to form an optical fiber fault vector, which is used for reflecting the possibility of optical fiber fault in the optical fiber communication line; The formula for calculating the first optical fiber fault index is as follows: wherein are, respectively, the temperature mean, the temperature variance, the humidity mean of the optical fiber communication line, T is the optical fiber suitable temperature for the most suitable optical fiber operation, RH is the optical fiber suitable humidity for the most suitable optical fiber operation, denotes the optical fiber failure first index, denotes the weight of the temperature in the calculation of the optical fiber failure first index, denotes the weight of the humidity in the calculation of the optical fiber failure first index; The formula for calculating the second optical fiber fault index is as follows: wherein is a second index of fiber failure, is a threshold of variance of attenuation rate, denotes variance of attenuation rate; The optical fiber fault vector is represented as follows: In the formula, represents the optical fiber fault vector; The formula for calculating the first connector fault index is as follows: wherein , , are the variance of the vibration velocity, the peak value of the vibration velocity, and the peak-to-peak value of the vibration velocity, respectively, of the optical fiber communication line, denote the weight of the peak-to-peak value of the vibration velocity and the variance of the vibration velocity in the calculation of the first index of the connector failure, denote the weight of the peak value of the vibration velocity in the calculation of the first index of the connector failure, and , and ; The formula for calculating the third connector fault index is as follows: wherein is a connector failure third index, is a reflectivity variance threshold, is a reflectivity variance; The connector fault vector is represented as follows: In the formula, is a connector fault vector; The line performance vector extraction unit is used for feature extraction of the attenuation rate, reflectivity and packet loss rate within the monitoring time period, so as to obtain the attenuation rate mean value, attenuation rate variance, reflectivity mean value, reflectivity variance and packet loss rate within the monitoring time period, and combine them to form a line performance vector, which is used for reflecting the performance of the optical fiber communication line during signal transmission; The line performance vector is represented as follows: In the formula, respectively represent the mean of the attenuation rate, the variance of the attenuation rate, the mean of the reflectance, the variance of the reflectance, and the packet loss rate, represents a line performance vector.

4. A fibre optic communication line fault feedback system according to claim 3 characterised in that: The interference fault vector extraction unit is used for feature extraction of the electromagnetic pulse signal and radio frequency interference signal within the monitoring time period, so as to obtain the electromagnetic pulse width, electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, radio frequency interference average amplitude and radio frequency interference peak amplitude within the monitoring time period, and combine them to form an interference fault vector, which is used for reflecting the possibility of fault of the optical fiber communication line caused by electromagnetic and radio frequency interference; The interference fault vector is represented as follows: wherein is an interference fault vector, , , , respectively represent an electromagnetic pulse width, an electromagnetic pulse peak amplitude, a radio frequency interference average amplitude, and a radio frequency interference peak amplitude.

5. A fibre optic communication line fault feedback system according to claim 4, characterised in that: The vector summary unit is used for summarizing the line performance vector, the optical fiber fault vector, the connector fault vector and the interference fault vector to form a comprehensive feature vector. The comprehensive feature vector is represented as follows: wherein is a comprehensive feature vector, denotes a line performance vector, denotes a fiber fault vector, is a connector fault vector, is an interference fault vector.

6. The optical fiber communication line fault feedback system of claim 1, wherein: The fault discrimination model is a deep learning model based on a multilayer perceptron, including an input layer for receiving the comprehensive feature vector, one or more hidden layers for processing the comprehensive feature vector, and an output layer for outputting the fault analysis result. The process of training the fault discrimination model is as follows: obtaining historical state parameters of the optical fiber communication line in a plurality of historical monitoring time periods and corresponding fault analysis results, performing feature extraction on the historical state parameters by the feature extraction module to obtain historical comprehensive feature vectors, labeling the fault analysis results at the corresponding historical comprehensive feature vectors to form a data set, dividing the data set into a training set, a validation set, and a test set according to a ratio of 70:15:15, training the fault discrimination model using the training set, adjusting the hyperparameters using the validation set to prevent overfitting, and evaluating the performance of the fault discrimination model using the test set until the training of the fault discrimination model is completed.

7. The optical fiber communication line fault feedback system of claim 1, wherein: The method for determining the fault point of the optical fiber based on the OTDR reflection waveform diagram is as follows: calculating the slope of each point in the OTDR reflection waveform diagram based on a numerical differentiation method, regarding the point with a slope greater than a preset slope threshold as an abnormal point, and regarding the position corresponding to the abnormal point in the optical fiber as the fault point.

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