Antenna orientation detection for interference detection and mitigation

Abstract

A user equipment (UE) of an antenna orientation detection system may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of a desired beacon position. The UE may calculate an orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. The UE may change at least one of the positioning, the orientation, or the direction of the antenna and receive a second set of beacon signals. The UE may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

Description

[0001] CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

[0002] This application claims the benefit of U.S. non-provisional patent application serial number 18 / 051,843, filed on November 1, 2022, entitled “ANTENNA ORIENTATION DETECTION FOR INTERFERENCE DETECTION AND MITIGATION,” which is expressly incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Technical Field

[0003] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems, and more particularly to wireless device systems. Background Art

[0004] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide a variety of telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasts. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, time division multiple access (TDMA) systems, frequency division multiple access (FDMA) systems, orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) systems, single carrier frequency division multiple access (SC-FDMA) systems, and time division synchronous code division multiple access (TD-SCDMA) systems.

[0005] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunication standards to provide a common protocol that enables different wireless devices to communicate at a city, country, region, or even global level. An example telecommunication standard is 5G New Radio (NR). 5G NR is part of the continued mobile broadband evolution promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to meet new requirements associated with latency, reliability, security, scalability (e.g., with the Internet of Things (IoT)) and other requirements. 5G NR includes services associated with enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine type communications (mMTC), and ultra-reliable low latency communications (URLLC). Certain aspects of 5G NR may be based on the 4G Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard. This may facilitate further improvements in 5G NR technology. In addition, these improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and telecommunication standards that employ these technologies. Summary of the invention

[0006] The following presents the summary of the invention of one or more aspects in order to provide a basic understanding of such aspects. This summary of the invention is not an extensive review of all contemplated aspects. This summary of the invention neither identifies the key or important elements of all aspects, nor describes the scope of any or all aspects. Its only purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified form as a prelude to a more detailed description presented later.

[0007] In one aspect of the present disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus at a user equipment (UE) are provided. The apparatus may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of a desired beacon location. The UE may calculate an orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals.

[0008] To achieve the aforementioned and related purposes, one or more aspects may include the features fully described below and specifically pointed out in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings set forth in detail some exemplary features of one or more aspects. However, these features indicate only some of the various ways in which the principles of the various aspects can be employed. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network.

[0010] Figure 2A is a diagram illustrating an example of a first frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0011] Figure 2B is a diagram illustrating an example of downlink (DL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0012] Figure 2C is a diagram illustrating an example of a second frame according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0013] Figure 2D is a diagram illustrating an example of uplink (UL) channels within a subframe according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0014] Figure 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a base station and a user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0015] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement.

[0016] Figure 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communication system including multiple interference conditions according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0017] Fig. 6A is a diagram illustrating an example of a sky map generated from a receiver of a UE configured to communicate with a wireless system according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0018] Figure 6B is a diagram illustrating an example of a sky map generated from another receiver of a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the UE being configured to communicate with Figure 6B wireless system to communicate.

[0019] Fig. 7A is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE with a directional antenna configured to communicate with a wireless system according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0020] Figure 7B is an example of using different configurations according to various aspects of the present disclosure Fig. 7A Schematic diagram of an example of a UE.

[0021] Figure 8 is a communication flow diagram of a UE according to various aspects of the present disclosure.

[0022] Fig. 9 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0023] Fig.10 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0024] Fig.11 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0025] Fig.12 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method.

[0026] Fig.13 are diagrams illustrating examples of hardware implementations for example apparatuses and / or network entities. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] A user equipment (UE) may be configured to determine the orientation of an antenna by performing a positioning, changing its position, and then by performing a positioning again. However, such translational motion and repeated positioning measurements may waste power and time. It may be beneficial for a UE to determine the orientation of its antenna during static startup, particularly when the UE is attached to or integrated with a vehicle using a navigation system. In addition, the UE may be configured to use positioning information to change the positioning, orientation, or direction of one or more of its antennas to prevent or minimize interference, such as interference with another wireless device, interference from an interfering device, interference from a spoofing device, or interference from a device that blocks wireless transmissions. However, determining the location of such an interfering device may also utilize translational motion and repeated positioning methods, which wastes both power and time.

[0028] In some aspects, the UE may be configured to customize a directional antenna to estimate the device orientation by analyzing a beacon signal with a corresponding location tag. In some aspects, the UE may be configured to customize a directional antenna to detect interference conditions (e.g., interference conditions, spoofing conditions, non-line-of-sight (NLOS) conditions) by changing the positioning, orientation, or direction of the antenna or by changing the antenna it uses. The UE may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals is associated with a corresponding indication of the desired beacon position. The UE may calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. The UE may calculate the forward direction of the object based on the orientation of the antenna and the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object. The UE may change at least one of the positioning, orientation, or direction of the antenna. After at least one processor changes at least one of the positioning, direction, or orientation of the antenna, the UE may receive a second set of beacon signals. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with the corresponding indication of the desired beacon position. The UE may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

[0029] The specific embodiments described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings are descriptions of various configurations and do not represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. In order to provide a thorough understanding of the various concepts, the specific embodiments include specific details. However, these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some instances, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form to avoid blurring these concepts.

[0030] Several aspects of telecommunication systems are presented with reference to various apparatus and methods. These apparatus and methods are described in the following detailed description and illustrated in the accompanying drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as "elements"). These elements may be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. Whether such elements are implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and the design constraints imposed on the overall system.

[0031] For example, an element, or any part of an element, or any combination of elements can be implemented as a "processing system", which includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic components, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform various functionalities described throughout the present disclosure. One or more processors in a processing system can execute software. Whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or other terms, software should be broadly interpreted as meaning instructions, instruction sets, codes, code segments, program codes, programs, subroutines, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, threads of execution, processes, functions, or any combination thereof.

[0032] Thus, in one or more example aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or codes on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media include computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer. For example, such computer-readable media may include random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of these types of computer-readable media, or any other medium that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that can be accessed by a computer.

[0033] Although various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases are described in this application by the illustration of some examples, additional or different aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be generated in many different arrangements and scenarios. The various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases described herein can be implemented across many different platform types, devices, systems, shapes, sizes and packaging arrangements. For example, various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases can be generated via integrated chip specific implementations and other devices based on non-module components (e.g., end-user devices, vehicles, communication equipment, computing equipment, industrial equipment, retail / purchase equipment, medical equipment, artificial intelligence (AI) enabled devices, etc.). Although some examples may or may not be specifically for use cases or applications, the described examples may have a wide range of applicability. Various aspects, specific implementations and / or use cases may be in the range from chip-level or modular components to non-modular, non-chip-level specific implementations, and further to the range of aggregated, distributed or original equipment manufacturer (OEM) devices or systems in conjunction with one or more technologies herein. In some actual settings, the equipment in conjunction with the various aspects and features described may also include additional components and features for implementing and practicing the claimed and described aspects. For example, the transmission and reception of wireless signals necessarily include multiple components for analog and digital purposes (e.g., hardware components including antennas, RF chains, power amplifiers, modulators, buffers, processors, interleavers, adders / summers, etc.). The various techniques described herein can be practiced in a wide variety of devices, chip-level components, systems, distributed arrangements, aggregated or disaggregated components, end-user devices, etc., of various sizes, shapes, and configurations.

[0034] The deployment of a communication system (such as a 5G NR system) can be arranged with various components or constituent parts in a variety of ways. In a 5G NR system or network, a network node, a network entity, a mobility element of a network, a radio access network (RAN) node, a core network node, a network element or a network equipment (such as a base station (BS), or one or more units (or one or more components) that perform base station functionality can be implemented in an aggregated architecture or a decomposed architecture. For example, a BS (such as a Node B (NB), an evolved NB (eNB), an NR BS, a 5G NB, an access point (AP), a transmit receive point (TRP) or a cell, etc.) can be implemented as an aggregated base station (also referred to as an independent BS or a monolithic BS) or a decomposed base station.

[0035] A converged base station may be configured to utilize a radio protocol stack physically or logically integrated within a single RAN node. A decomposed base station may be configured to utilize a protocol stack physically or logically distributed between two or more units, such as one or more central or centralized units (CUs), one or more distributed units (DUs), or one or more radio units (RUs). In some aspects, a CU may be implemented within a RAN node, and one or more DUs may be co-located with the CU, or alternatively, may be geographically or virtually distributed in one or more other RAN nodes. A DU may be implemented to communicate with one or more RUs. Each of a CU, a DU, and a RU may be implemented as a virtual unit, i.e., a virtual central unit (VCU), a virtual distributed unit (VDU), or a virtual radio unit (VRU).

[0036] Base station operation or network design may take into account the aggregated nature of base station functionality. For example, a disaggregated base station may be used in an integrated access backhaul (IAB) network, an open radio access network (O-RAN (network configuration such as that initiated by the O-RAN Alliance)), or a virtualized radio access network (vRAN, also known as a cloud radio access network (C-RAN)). Decomposition may include distributing functionality across two or more units at various physical locations, as well as virtually distributing functionality of at least one unit, which may enable flexibility in network design. Various units of a disaggregated base station or disaggregated RAN architecture may be configured for wired or wireless communication with at least one other unit.

[0037] Figure 1 1 is a diagram 100 illustrating an example of a wireless communication system and an access network. The illustrated wireless communication system includes a disaggregated base station architecture. The disaggregated base station architecture may include one or more CUs 110 that may communicate directly with a core network 120 via a backhaul link, or indirectly with the core network 120 through one or more disaggregated base station units, such as a near real-time (near RT) RAN intelligent controller (RIC) 125 via an E2 link, or a non-real-time (non-RT) RIC 115 associated with a service management and orchestration (SMO) framework 105, or both. The CU 110 may communicate with one or more DUs 130 via corresponding midhaul links, such as an F1 interface. The DU 130 may communicate with one or more RUs 140 via corresponding fronthaul links. The RU 140 may communicate with corresponding UEs 104 via one or more radio frequency (RF) access links. In some implementations, a UE 104 may be served simultaneously by multiple RUs 140.

[0038] Each of these units (i.e., CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125, non-RT RIC 115, and SMO framework 105) may include or be coupled to one or more interfaces configured to receive or send signals, data, or information (collectively, signals) via a wired or wireless transmission medium. Each of these units or an associated processor or controller that provides instructions to the communication interface of these units may be configured to communicate with one or more of the other units via a transmission medium. For example, these units may include a wired interface configured to receive signals or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wired transmission medium. Additionally, these units may include a wireless interface that may include a receiver, transmitter, or transceiver (such as an RF transceiver) configured to receive and / or send signals to one or more of the other units via a wireless transmission medium.

[0039] In some aspects, CU 110 may host one or more higher layer control functions. Such control functions may include radio resource control (RRC), packet data convergence protocol (PDCP), or service data adaptation protocol (SDAP), etc. Each control function may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other control functions hosted by CU 110. CU 110 may be configured to handle user plane functionality (i.e., central unit-user plane (CU-UP)), control plane functionality (i.e., central unit-control plane (CU-CP)), or a combination thereof. In some specific implementations, CU 110 may be logically split into one or more CU-UP units and one or more CU-CP units. When implemented in an O-RAN configuration, the CU-UP unit may communicate bidirectionally with the CU-CP unit via an interface (such as an E1 interface). As needed, CU 110 may be implemented to communicate with DU 130 for network control and signal transmission.

[0040] DU 130 may correspond to a logical unit that includes one or more base station functions for controlling the operation of one or more RUs 140. In some aspects, DU 130 may host one or more of a radio link control (RLC) layer, a medium access control (MAC) layer, and one or more high physical (PHY) layers (such as modules for forward error correction (FEC) encoding and decoding, scrambling, modulation and demodulation, etc.) at least in part according to a functional split such as those defined by 3GPP. In some aspects, DU 130 may further host one or more low PHY layers. Each layer (or module) may be implemented using an interface that is configured to communicate signals with other layers (and modules) hosted by DU 130 or with control functions hosted by CU 110.

[0041] The lower layer functionality may be implemented by one or more RUs 140. In some deployments, the RU 140 controlled by the DU 130 may correspond to a logical node that hosts RF processing functions or low PHY layer functions (such as performing Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Inverse FFT (iFFT), digital beamforming, physical random access channel (PRACH) extraction and filtering, etc.), or both, based at least in part on functional splitting (such as lower layer functional splitting). In such an architecture, the RU 140 may be implemented to handle over-the-air (OTA) communications with one or more UEs 104. In some specific implementations, the real-time and non-real-time aspects of communicating with the control plane and user plane of the RU 140 may be controlled by the corresponding DU 130. In some scenarios, this configuration may enable the implementation of the DU 130 and the CU 110 in a cloud-based RAN architecture (such as a vRAN architecture).

[0042] The SMO framework 105 may be configured to support RAN deployment and provisioning of non-virtualized network elements and virtualized network elements. For non-virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to support the deployment of dedicated physical resources for RAN coverage requirements, which may be managed via an operation and maintenance interface (such as an O1 interface). For virtualized network elements, the SMO framework 105 may be configured to interact with a cloud computing platform (such as an open cloud (O-Cloud) 190) to perform network element lifecycle management (such as instantiating virtualized network elements) via a cloud computing platform interface (such as an O2 interface). Such virtualized network elements may include, but are not limited to, CU 110, DU 130, RU 140, and near-RT RIC 125. In some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate with hardware aspects of the 4G RAN (such as an open eNB (O-eNB) 111) via the O1 interface. Additionally, in some specific implementations, the SMO framework 105 may communicate directly with one or more RUs 140 via the O1 interface. The SMO framework 105 may also include a non-RT RIC 115 configured to support the functionality of the SMO framework 105 .

[0043] The non-RT RIC 115 may be configured to include logic functions that enable non-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources, artificial intelligence (AI) / machine learning (ML) (AI / ML) workflows including model training and updating, or policy-based guidance of applications / features in the near-RT RIC 125. The non-RT RIC 115 may be coupled to or in communication with the near-RT RIC 125 (such as via an A1 interface). The near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to include logic functions that enable near-real-time control and optimization of RAN elements and resources via data collection and actions through an interface (such as via an E2 interface) that connects one or more CUs 110, one or more DUs 130, or both, and the O-eNB with the near-RT RIC 125.

[0044] In some implementations, in order to generate an AI / ML model to be deployed in the near-RT RIC 125, the non-RT RIC 115 may receive parameters or external enrichment information from an external server. Such information may be utilized by the near-RT RIC 125 and may be received from a non-network data source or from a network function at the SMO framework 105 or the non-RT RIC 115. In some examples, the non-RT RIC 115 or the near-RT RIC 125 may be configured to tune RAN behavior or performance. For example, the non-RT RIC 115 may monitor long-term trends and patterns of performance and employ AI / ML models to perform corrective actions through the SMO framework 105 (such as via reconfiguration of O1) or via the creation of RAN management policies (such as A1 policies).

[0045] At least one of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 may be referred to as a base station 102. Therefore, the base station 102 may include one or more of the CU 110, the DU 130, and the RU 140 (each component is indicated by a dotted line to indicate that each component may be included in the base station 102 or may not be included in the base station). The base station 102 provides an access point to the core network 120 for the UE 104. The base station 102 may include a macro cell (a high-power cellular base station) and / or a small cell (a low-power cellular base station). Small cells include femto cells, pico cells, and micro cells. A network including both small cells and macro cells may be referred to as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include a home evolved Node B (eNB) (HeNB), which may provide services to a restricted group referred to as a closed subscriber group (CSG). The communication link between RU 140 and UE 104 may include uplink (UL) (also known as reverse link) transmission from UE 104 to RU 140 and / or downlink (DL) (also known as forward link) transmission from RU 140 to UE 104. The communication link may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming and / or transmit diversity. The communication link may be through one or more carriers. For each carrier allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to Yx MHz (x component carriers) for transmission in each direction, the base station 102 / UE 104 may use a spectrum of up to Y MHz (e.g., 5MHz, 10MHz, 15MHz, 20MHz, 100MHz, 400MHz, etc.) bandwidth. The carriers may be adjacent to each other or may not be adjacent to each other. The allocation of carriers may be asymmetric with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL compared to UL). The component carrier may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. The primary component carrier may be referred to as a primary cell (PCell) and the secondary component carrier may be referred to as a secondary cell (SCell).

[0046] Some UEs 104 may communicate with each other using a device-to-device (D2D) communication link 158. The D2D communication link 158 may use DL / UL wireless wide area network (WWAN) spectrum. The D2D communication link 158 may use one or more sidelink channels, such as a physical sidelink broadcast channel (PSBCH), a physical sidelink discovery channel (PSDCH), a physical sidelink shared channel (PSSCH), and a physical sidelink control channel (PSCCH). The D2D communication may be through a variety of wireless D2D communication systems, such as, for example, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi based on the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11 standard, LTE, or NR.

[0047] The wireless communication system may also include a Wi-Fi AP 150 that communicates with a UE 104 (also referred to as a Wi-Fi station (STA)) via a communication link 154, for example, in a 5 GHz unlicensed spectrum, etc. When communicating in an unlicensed spectrum, the UE 104 / AP 150 may perform a clear channel assessment (CCA) to determine whether a channel is available prior to communication.

[0048] The electromagnetic spectrum is typically subdivided into various categories, bands, channels, etc. based on frequency / wavelength. In 5G NR, two initial operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR1 (410 MHz-7.125 GHz) and FR2 (24.25 GHz-52.6 GHz). Although a portion of FR1 is greater than 6 GHz, FR1 is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "sub-6 GHz" band in various documents and articles. A similar naming issue sometimes occurs with respect to FR2, which is often (interchangeably) referred to as the "millimeter wave" band in documents and articles, although different from the extremely high frequency (EHF) band (30 GHz-300 GHz) identified as the "millimeter wave" band by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).

[0049] Frequencies between FR1 and FR2 are generally referred to as mid-band frequencies. Recent 5G NR research has identified the operating bands for these mid-band frequencies as frequency range designation FR3 (7.125GHz-24.25GHz). The bands falling within FR3 can inherit FR1 characteristics and / or FR2 characteristics, so the characteristics of FR1 and / or FR2 can be effectively extended to mid-band frequencies. In addition, higher frequency bands are currently being explored to extend 5G NR operations to more than 52.6GHz. For example, three higher operating bands have been identified as frequency range designations FR2-2 (52.6GHz-71GHz), FR4 (71GHz-114.25GHz) and FR5 (114.25GHz-300GHz). Each of these higher frequency bands falls within the EHF band.

[0050] In view of the above, unless otherwise specified, if the term "6 GHz or less" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may be less than 6 GHz, may be within FR1, or may include mid-band frequencies. In addition, unless otherwise specified, if the term "millimeter wave" is used herein, it may broadly refer to frequencies that may include mid-band frequencies, may be within FR2, FR4, FR2-2, and / or FR5, or may be within the EHF band.

[0051] The base station 102 and the UE 104 may each include multiple antennas (such as antenna elements, antenna panels, and / or antenna arrays) to facilitate beamforming. The base station 102 may send a beamformed signal 182 to the UE 104 in one or more transmit directions. The UE 104 may receive the beamformed signal from the base station 102 in one or more receive directions. The UE 104 may also send a beamformed signal 184 to the base station 102 in one or more transmit directions. The base station 102 may receive the beamformed signal from the UE 104 in one or more receive directions. The base station 102 / UE 104 may perform beam training to determine the best receive direction and transmit direction for each of the base station 102 / UE 104. The transmit direction and receive direction of the base station 102 may be the same or different. The transmit direction and receive direction of the UE 104 may be the same or different.

[0052] The base station 102 may include and / or be referred to as a gNB, a Node B, an eNB, an access point, a transceiver base station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a basic service set (BSS), an extended service set (ESS), a transmit receive point (TRP), a network node, a network entity, a network equipment, or some other suitable term. The base station 102 may be implemented as an integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node, a relay node, a sidelink node, an aggregated (monolithic) base station with a baseband unit (BBU) (including a CU and a DU) and a RU, or as a disaggregated base station including one or more of a CU, a DU, and / or a RU. A set of base stations that may include disaggregated base stations and / or aggregated base stations may be referred to as a next generation (NG) RAN (NG-RAN).

[0053] The core network 120 may include an access and mobility management function (AMF) 161, a session management function (SMF) 162, a user plane function (UPF) 163, a unified data management (UDM) 164, one or more location servers 168, and other functional entities. AMF 161 is a control node that handles signaling between UE 104 and the core network 120. AMF 161 supports registration management, connection management, mobility management, and other functions. SMF 162 supports session management and other functions. UPF 163 supports packet routing, packet forwarding, and other functions. UDM 164 supports the generation of authentication and key agreement (AKA) credentials, user identity handling, access authorization, and subscription management. One or more location servers 168 are illustrated as including a gateway mobile location center (GMLC) 165 and a location management function (LMF) 166. However, in general, the one or more location servers 168 may include one or more location / positioning servers, which may include one or more of the GMLC 165, LMF 166, positioning determination entity (PDE), serving mobile location center (SMLC), mobile positioning center (MPC), etc. GMLC 165 and LMF 166 support UE location services. GMLC 165 provides an interface for clients / applications (e.g., emergency services) to access UE positioning information. LMF 166 receives measurement and assistance information from NG-RAN and UE 104 via AMF 161 to calculate the positioning of UE 104. NG-RAN may determine the positioning of UE 104 using one or more positioning methods. Positioning UE 104 may involve signal measurements, positioning estimates, and speed calculations based on these measurements. Signal measurements may be performed by UE 104 and / or base station 102 serving UE 104. The measured signal may be based on a satellite positioning system (SPS) 170 (e.g., one or more of a global navigation satellite system (GNSS), a global positioning system (GPS), a non-terrestrial network (NTN), or other satellite positioning / location systems), LTE signals, wireless local area network (WLAN) signals, Bluetooth signals, a terrestrial beacon system (TBS), sensor-based information (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor, a motion sensor), an NR enhanced cell ID (NR E-CID) method, an NR signal (e.g., multi-round trip time (multi-RTT), DL angle of departure (DL-AoD), DL time difference of arrival (DL-TDOA), UL time difference of arrival (UL-TDOA), and UL angle of arrival (UL-AoA) positioning), and / or one or more of other systems / signals / sensors.

[0054] Examples of UE 104 include cellular phones, smart phones, session initiation protocol (SIP) phones, laptops, personal digital assistants (PDAs), satellite radios, global positioning systems, multimedia devices, video devices, digital audio players (e.g., MP3 players), cameras, game consoles, tablet computers, smart devices, wearable devices, vehicles, electric meters, gas pumps, large or small kitchen appliances, healthcare equipment, implants, sensors / actuators, displays, or any other similarly functional devices. Some of the UEs 104 may be referred to as IoT devices (e.g., parking meters, gas pumps, toasters, vehicles, heart monitors, etc.). UE 104 may also be referred to as stations, mobile stations, subscriber stations, mobile units, subscriber units, wireless units, remote units, mobile devices, wireless devices, wireless communication devices, remote devices, mobile subscriber stations, access terminals, mobile terminals, wireless terminals, remote terminals, mobile phones, user agents, mobile clients, clients, or some other suitable terminology. In some scenarios, the term UE may also be applied to one or more supporting devices, such as in a device cluster arrangement. One or more of these devices may access the network collectively and / or individually.

[0055] Reference again Figure 1 In certain aspects, the UE 104 may have an antenna orientation estimation component 198 that may be configured to receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. The antenna orientation estimation component 198 may be configured to calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. Although the following description may focus on omnidirectional antennas, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar devices, such as unidirectional antennas. Although the following description may focus on 5G NR, the concepts described herein may be applicable to other similar fields, such as LTE, LTE-A, CDMA, GSM, and other wireless technologies.

[0056] Figure 2A FIG200 is a diagram illustrating an example of a first subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2B FIG230 is a diagram illustrating an example of DL channels within a 5G NR subframe. Figure 2C FIG250 is a diagram illustrating an example of a second subframe within a 5G NR frame structure. Figure 2DFIG280 is a diagram illustrating an example of UL channels within a 5G NR subframe. The 5G NR frame structure may be frequency division duplex (FDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to either DL or UL, or may be time division duplex (TDD), where for a particular set of subcarriers (carrier system bandwidth), subframes within that subcarrier set are dedicated to both DL and UL. Figure 2A , Figure 2C In the example provided, the 5G NR frame structure is assumed to be TDD, where subframe 4 is configured with slot format 28 (most of which are DL), where D is DL, U is UL, and F is flexible between DL / UL, and subframe 3 is configured with slot format 1 (all of which are UL). Although subframes 3 and 4 are shown as having slot formats 1 and 28, respectively, any particular subframe may be configured with any of the various available slot formats 0 to 61. Slot formats 0 and 1 are full DL and full UL, respectively. Other slot formats 2-61 include a mix of DL, UL and flexible symbols. The slot format is configured for the UE by the received slot format indicator (SFI) (dynamically configured by DL control information (DCI) or semi-statically / statically configured by radio resource control (RRC) signaling). It should be noted that the following description also applies to the 5G NR frame structure as TDD.

[0057] FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D The frame structure is illustrated, and various aspects of the present disclosure may be applicable to other wireless communication technologies that may have different frame structures and / or different channels. A frame (10ms) may be divided into 10 equally sized subframes (1ms). Each subframe may include one or more time slots. A subframe may also include a microslot, which may include 7 symbols, 4 symbols, or 2 symbols. Each time slot may include 14 symbols or 12 symbols, depending on whether the cyclic prefix (CP) is normal or extended. For a normal CP, each time slot may include 14 symbols, and for an extended CP, each time slot may include 12 symbols. The symbol on the DL may be a CP orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) (CP-OFDM) symbol. The symbol on the UL may be a CP-OFDM symbol (for high throughput scenarios) or a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) extended OFDM (DFT-s-OFDM) symbol (for power-constrained scenarios; limited to single-stream transmission). The number of time slots within a subframe is based on the CP and parameter set. The numerology defines the subcarrier spacing (SCS) (see Table 1). The symbol length / duration can be scaled by 1 / SCS.

[0058]

[0059] Table 1: Parameter set, SCS and CP

[0060] For normal CP (14 symbols / slot), different parameter sets μ0 to 4 allow 1, 2, 4, 8, and 16 slots per subframe, respectively. For extended CP, parameter set 2 allows 4 slots per subframe. Thus, for normal CP and parameter set μ, there are 14 symbols / slot and 2 μ timeslots / subframe. The subcarrier spacing can be equal to 2 μ *15kHz, where μ is parameter set 0 to 4. Therefore, the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=0 is 15kHz, and the subcarrier spacing for parameter set μ=4 is 240kHz. The symbol length / duration is inversely related to the subcarrier spacing. FIG. 2A to FIG. 2D An example of a parameter set μ=2 with a normal CP of 14 symbols per slot and 4 slots per subframe is provided. The slot duration is 0.25 ms, the subcarrier spacing is 60 kHz, and the symbol duration is about 16.67 μs. Within a frame set, there may be one or more different bandwidth parts (BWPs) that are frequency-division multiplexed (see Figure 2B ). Each BWP may have a specific parameter set and CP (normal or extended).

[0061] A resource grid may be used to represent the frame structure. Each slot includes a resource block (RB) (also referred to as a physical RB (PRB)) extending over 12 consecutive subcarriers. The resource grid is divided into a plurality of resource elements (REs). The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0062] like Figure 2A As illustrated, some of the REs carry reference (pilot) signals (RS) for the UE. The RS may include a demodulation RS (DM-RS) (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) and a channel state information reference signal (CSI-RS) for channel estimation at the UE. The RS may also include a beam measurement RS (BRS), a beam refinement RS (BRRS), and a phase tracking RS (PT-RS).

[0063] Figure 2BExamples of various DL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. A physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) carries DCI within one or more control channel elements (CCEs) (e.g., 1, 2, 4, 8, or 16 CCEs), each CCE including six RE groups (REGs), each REG including 12 consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol of an RB. A PDCCH within a BWP may be referred to as a control resource set (CORESET). The UE is configured to monitor PDCCH candidates in a PDCCH search space (e.g., a common search space, a UE-specific search space) during a PDCCH monitoring opportunity on a CORESET, wherein the PDCCH candidates have different DCI formats and different aggregation levels. Additional BWPs may be located at higher and / or lower frequencies on the channel bandwidth. A primary synchronization signal (PSS) may be within symbol 2 of a particular subframe of a frame. The PSS is used by UE 104 to determine subframe / symbol timing and physical layer identity. A secondary synchronization signal (SSS) may be within symbol 4 of a particular subframe of a frame. The SSS is used by the UE to determine the physical layer cell identity group number and the radio frame timing. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine the physical cell identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the location of the DM-RS. The physical broadcast channel (PBCH) carrying the master information block (MIB) can be logically grouped with the PSS and SSS to form a synchronization signal (SS) / PBCH block (also referred to as an SS block (SSB)). The MIB provides the system frame number (SFN) and the number of RBs in the system bandwidth. The physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information such as system information blocks (SIBs) that are not sent via the PBCH, and paging messages.

[0064] like Figure 2C As illustrated, some of the REs carry DM-RS (indicated as R for a particular configuration, but other DM-RS configurations are possible) for channel estimation at the base station. The UE may send a DM-RS for a physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) and a DM-RS for a physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH). The PUSCH DM-RS may be sent in the first symbol or the first two symbols of the PUSCH. Depending on whether a short PUCCH or a long PUCCH is sent and depending on the specific PUCCH format used, the PUCCH DM-RS may be sent in different configurations. The UE may send a sounding reference signal (SRS). The SRS may be sent in the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS may have a comb structure, and the UE may send the SRS on one of the teeth of the comb. The SRS may be used by the base station for channel quality estimation to achieve frequency-dependent scheduling of the UL.

[0065] Figure 2DExamples of various UL channels within a subframe of a frame are illustrated. The PUCCH may be located at a position as indicated in one configuration. The PUCCH carries uplink control information (UCI), such as scheduling requests, channel quality indicators (CQI), precoding matrix indicators (PMI), rank indicators (RI), and hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) acknowledgement (ACK) (HARQ-ACK) feedback (i.e., one or more HARQ ACK bits indicating one or more ACKs and / or negative ACKs (NACKs)). The PUSCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a buffer status report (BSR), a power headroom report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0066] Figure 3 370 is a block diagram of a base station 310 communicating with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, Internet Protocol (IP) packets may be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer, a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer. The controller / processor 375 provides RRC layer functionality associated with broadcasting of system information (e.g., MIB, SIB), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), inter-radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), re-segmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0067] The transmit (Tx) processor 316 and the receive (Rx) processor 370 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1 (which includes the physical (PHY) layer) may include error detection on the transmission channel, forward error correction (FEC) decoding / decoding of the transmission channel, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to the physical channel, modulation / demodulation of the physical channel, and MIMO antenna processing. The Tx processor 316 handles the mapping to the signal constellation based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), M-phase shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The decoded and modulated symbols can then be split into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., a pilot) in the time domain and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying a time domain OFDM symbol stream. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to generate multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 may be used to determine the coding and modulation schemes, as well as for spatial processing. Channel estimates may be derived from reference signals and / or channel condition feedback sent by the UE 350. Each spatial stream may then be provided to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318Tx. Each transmitter 318Tx may modulate a radio frequency (RF) carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0068] At the UE 350, each receiver 354Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 352. Each receiver 354Rx recovers the information modulated onto the RF carrier and provides the information to a receive (Rx) processor 356. The Tx processor 368 and the Rx processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The Rx processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to recover any spatial stream destined for the UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for the UE 350, they can be combined into a single OFDM symbol stream by the Rx processor 356. The Rx processor 356 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a fast Fourier transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal includes a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier and the reference signal are recovered and demodulated by determining the most likely signal constellation point sent by the base station 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals originally sent on the physical channel by the base station 310. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0069] The controller / processor 359 may be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0070] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmissions performed by the base station 310, the controller / processor 359 provides RRC layer functionality associated with system information (e.g., MIB, SIB) acquisition, RRC connection, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression and security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with delivery of upper layer PDUs, error correction through ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs onto TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction through HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0071] Channel estimates derived by the channel estimator 358 based on a reference signal or feedback sent by the base station 310 may be used by the Tx processor 368 to select appropriate coding and modulation schemes and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the Tx processor 368 may be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354Tx. Each transmitter 354Tx may modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0072] UL transmissions are processed at the base station 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver functionality at the UE 350. Each receiver 318Rx receives a signal through its corresponding antenna 320. Each receiver 318Rx recovers information modulated onto an RF carrier and provides the information to an Rx processor 370.

[0073] The controller / processor 375 may be associated with a memory 376 that stores program codes and data. The memory 376 may be referred to as a computer readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 375 provides demultiplexing between transport channels and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, control signal processing to recover IP packets. The controller / processor 375 is also responsible for error detection using ACK and / or NACK protocols to support HARQ operations.

[0074] At least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359 may be configured to combine Figure 1 The antenna orientation estimation component 198 is used to perform various aspects.

[0075] Figure 4 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of UE positioning based on reference signal measurement. UE 404 may be at time T SRS_Tx UL-SRS 412 is sent and at time T PRS_Rx A DL positioning reference signal (PRS) (DL-PRS) 410 is received. TRP 406 may be at time T SRS_Rx Receive UL-SRS 412 and at time T PRS_Tx 410. UE 404 may receive DL-PRS 410 before transmitting UL-SRS 412, or may transmit UL-SRS 412 before receiving DL-PRS 410. In both cases, a positioning server (e.g., location server 168) or UE 404 may determine the UL-SRS 412 based on ||T SRS_Rx -T PRS_Tx |-|T SRS_Tx -T PRS_Rx || to determine RTT 414. Thus, multi-RTT positioning can utilize UE ERx-Tx time difference measurements (ie, |T SRS_Tx -T PRS_Rx |) and DL-PRS reference signal received power (RSRP) (DL-PRS-RSRP), and the measured TRP Rx-Tx time difference measurement (ie, |T SRS_Rx -T PRS_Tx |) and UL-SRS-RSRP. UE 404 may measure UE Rx-Tx time difference measurement using assistance data received from the positioning server. UE 404 may measure DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signal using assistance data received from the positioning server. TRP 402 and / or TRP 406 may measure gNB Rx-Tx time difference measurement using assistance data received from the positioning server. TRP 402 and / or TRP 406 may measure UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal using assistance data received from the positioning server. These measurements may be used at the positioning server or UE 404 to determine RTT, which is used to estimate the position of UE 404. Other methods for determining RTT are possible, such as, for example, using DL-TDOA and / or UL-TDOA measurements.

[0076] DL-AoD positioning may utilize measured DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received from multiple TRPs 402, 406 at the UE 404. The UE 404 measures the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements, along with the departure azimuth angle (A-AoD), departure zenith angle (Z-AoD), and other configuration information, are used to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0077] DL-TDOA positioning may utilize DL reference signal time difference (RSTD) of downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. DL-TDOA positioning may utilize DL-PRS-RSRP of downlink signals received at the UE 404 from multiple TRPs 402, 406. The UE 404 may measure the DL RSTD of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server. The UE 404 may measure the DL-PRS-RSRP of the received signals using assistance data received from the positioning server. The resulting measurements may be used together with other configuration information to position the UE 404 relative to neighboring TRPs 402, 406.

[0078] UL-TDOA positioning may utilize UL relative time of arrival (RTOA) of uplink signals sent from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. UL-TDOA positioning may utilize UL-SRS-RSRP of uplink signals sent from UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. TRP 402 and / or TRP 406 may measure the UL-RTOA of the received signal using assistance data received from a positioning server. TRP 402 and / or TRP 406 may measure the UL-SRS-RSRP of the received signal using assistance data received from a positioning server. The resulting measurements may be used together with other configuration information to estimate the position of UE 404.

[0079] UL-AoA positioning may utilize the measured azimuth angle of arrival (A-AoA) and zenith angle of arrival (Z-AoA) of uplink signals sent from the UE 404 at multiple TRPs 402, 406. The TRPs 402, 406 measure the A-AoA and Z-AoA of the received signals using assistance data received from a positioning server, and the resulting measurements are used along with other configuration information to estimate the position of the UE 404.

[0080] Additional positioning methods may be used to estimate the position of the UE 404, such as, for example, UE-side UL-AoD and / or DL-AoA. It should be noted that data / measurements from various techniques may be combined in various ways to increase accuracy, determine and / or enhance certainty, supplement / complete measurements, and / or replace / provide missing information.

[0081] Figure 5 5 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE 502 having an antenna 501 and an antenna 503, the UE being configured to communicate with a plurality of wireless devices in a wireless communication system. The wireless communication system may include a TRP 504, a TRP 506, a TRP 508, an AP 510, and an AP 512. The UE 502 may communicate with any of the TRP 504, the TRP 506, the TRP 508, the AP 510, and the AP 512 using one of the antennas 501 or 503. Although the UE 502 is shown as having two antennas, in other aspects, the UE 502 may have one antenna or more than two antennas, and the UE may be configured to communicate with any of the TRP 504, the TRP 506, the TRP 508, the AP 510, and the AP 512.

[0082] Antenna 501 or antenna 503 may be an omnidirectional antenna or a bidirectional antenna. An omnidirectional antenna may be a type of antenna configured to radiate radio power in all directions perpendicular to an axis. A directional antenna or beam antenna may be a type of antenna configured to radiate or receive greater power in one or more specific directions. A directional antenna may enable UE 502 to have higher performance and / or less interference in one or more specific directions of the directional antenna. In other words, an omnidirectional antenna may receive signals from all directions, while a directional antenna may better capture signals in one direction or a specific direction. In some aspects, a directional antenna may have a ground plane that reduces the performance / interference of signals sent from below the ground plane. In some aspects, a UE with multiple directional antennas may have multi-antenna beamforming capabilities.

[0083] One or more interference conditions may prevent UE 502 from effectively communicating with one or more of TRP 504, TRP 506, TRP 508, AP 510, and AP 512 using one of antenna 501 or antenna 503. In one aspect, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with AP 510 or AP 512 via antenna 501 or antenna 503, but jammer 514 may interfere with UE 502 receiving communications from AP 510 or AP 512. In another aspect, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with AP 510 via antenna 501 or antenna 503, but TRP 504 may interfere with UE 502 receiving communications from AP 510 via antenna 501. TRP 504 may not interfere with UE 502 receiving communications from AP 510 via antenna 503. In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with TRP 508 via antenna 501 or antenna 503, but spoofer 516 may forge the cell ID of TRP 508. UE 502 may not be able to distinguish the communication between TRP 508 and spoofer 516. In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with TRP 506 via antenna 503 or antenna 501, but block 518 may interfere with the communication between UE 502 and TRP 506. UE 502 may be able to use AP 512 as a repeater to communicate with TRP 506. In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with TRP 508 via antenna 501 or antenna 503, but block 518 may interfere with the communication between antenna 503 and TRP 508. Block 518 may not interfere with the communication between antenna 501 and TRP 508.

[0084] UE 502 may be configured to perform one or more actions or operations to prevent or minimize interference conditions to effectively communicate with one or more of TRP 504, TRP 506, TRP 508, AP 510, and AP 512 using one of antenna 501 or antenna 503. In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to change its location. For example, if block 518 interferes with communications between UE 502 and TRP 506, UE 502 may be configured to move to the right of block 518 to prevent block 518 from interfering with communications with UE 502. In another example, if jammer 514 interferes with communications between UE 502 and AP 510, UE 502 may be configured to move out of range of jammer 514 but within range of AP 510, or may be configured to move to a location where the signal from AP 510 is much stronger than the signal from jammer 514. If UE 502 changes its positioning, UE 502 will also change the positioning of antenna 501 and antenna 503. In one aspect, UE 502 can be configured to change its orientation. For example, UE 502 can be configured to rotate along the x-axis, y-axis and / or z-axis shown below UE 502. One or both of antenna 501 or antenna 503 can be directional antennas. Therefore, changing the orientation of UE 502 can change the orientation of antenna 501 and / or antenna 503, which can change the directional strength of antenna 501 and / or antenna 503 to send or receive communications in one or more directions. For example, if spoofer 516 is faking a signal from TRP 508, UE 502 can redirect its orientation so that antenna 503 faces TRP 508 and away from spoofer 516, and antenna 501 faces away from spoofer 516. In another example, if TRP 504 interferes with UE 502 receiving signals from AP 510, UE 502 may reorient its orientation so that antenna 501 faces AP 510 and away from TRP 504, and antenna 503 faces away from TRP 504. In another aspect, UE 502 may be configured to change the direction of antenna 501 and / or antenna 503. For example, UE 502 may be configured to rotate antenna 501 along an axis shown above antenna 501, and may be configured to rotate antenna 503 along an axis shown above antenna 503. Changing the direction of antenna 501 and / or antenna 503 may improve the ability of UE 502 to focus the direction of antenna 501 and / or antenna 503 on the wireless device it is configured to communicate with and no longer focus on the wireless device interfering with the communication ability of UE 502. For example, if jammer 514 interferes with UE 502's ability to receive signals from AP 512 , UE 502 may rotate the direction of antenna 503 to focus on AP 512 and no longer focus on jammer 514 , and may rotate the direction of antenna 501 to no longer focus on jammer 514 .In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with a wireless device using one antenna instead of another antenna. For example, if block 518 interferes with communication between antenna 503 and TRP 508, but does not interfere with communication between antenna 501 and TRP 508, UE 502 may be configured to communicate with TRP 508 using antenna 501 instead of using antenna 503, thereby saving power at UE 502.

[0085] UE 502 may use the positioning information to perform one or more actions or operations to prevent or minimize interference conditions. For example, in order for UE 502 to change its positioning so that block 518 does not interfere with the communication between UE 502 and TRP 506, UE 502 may use its positioning relative to block 518 and TRP 506 to calculate a new positioning, where block 518 does not interfere with the communication between UE 502 and TRP 506. UE 502 may be able to determine its positioning relative to block 518 and TRP 506 by moving to several positions and using TRP 506 to send / receive positioning signals and / or other reference signals (RS). UE 502 may also initialize an inertial measurement unit (IMU) by performing a translational motion to determine its direction relative to block 518 and TRP 506. Such a translational motion of UE 502 may also initialize a GNSS system or a GNSS / IMU sensor fusion system for UE 502 to perform device orientation estimation. However, performing such a translational motion may be energy-intensive and time-consuming. For UE 502, it may be beneficial to determine its location relative to block 518 and TRP 506 without moving to several locations and using TRP 506 to send / receive positioning signals and / or other RSs. In some aspects, UE 502 may be a vehicle, or may be mounted on a vehicle, and the direction of the vehicle may not be known during static startup. If UE 502 does not know which direction the vehicle is facing before the vehicle starts moving, the navigation of such a vehicle may be inaccurate during static startup. For UE 502, it may be beneficial to perform a fast orientation estimate to solve this problem. In addition, performing a fast orientation of UE 502 can improve RF signal multipath (e.g., non-line-of-sight (NLOS)), interference (e.g., artificial interference, unintentional interference) or deception systems and methods, because UE 502 can know its location relative to key objects (e.g., TRP, AP, block) in the wireless system at static startup. A deceptive device may be a device configured to simulate a wireless device, such as by using a unique identifier (UID) to simulate a wireless device. In one aspect, spoofer 516 may send a signal using the MAC address of the transmitter of TRP 508. An interfering device may be a device configured to interfere with the reception of a wireless signal from a wireless device, such as by sending an interfering signal using one or more frequency bands used by the wireless device. In one aspect, jammer 514 may send an interfering wireless signal using a set of frequency bands used by AP 512 to interfere with signals sent by AP 512 using the set of frequency bands. A beacon signal may be any signal sent by a wireless device that is uniquely associated with the wireless device. A beacon signal may include a UID of a wireless device or a location of a wireless device that is different from a UID or location of another wireless device.

[0086] In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to customize directional antennas to estimate device orientation by analyzing beacon signals with corresponding location tags. In some aspects, UE 502 may be configured to customize directional antennas to detect interference conditions (e.g., interference conditions, deception conditions, NLOS conditions) by changing the positioning, orientation or direction of the antenna or by changing the antenna used. UE 502 may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals is associated with a corresponding indication of the desired beacon position. UE 502 may calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. UE 502 may calculate the forward direction of the object based on the orientation of the antenna and the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object. UE 502 may change at least one of the positioning, orientation or direction of the antenna. After at least one processor changes at least one of the positioning, direction or orientation of the antenna, UE 502 may receive a second set of beacon signals. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location. UE 502 may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

[0087] Fig. 6A is an example of a UE 602 (such as Figure 1 UE 104 or Figure 5 600 is an example of a sky map generated by a receiver of a UE 502 in FIG. 602. The UE 602 may have an omnidirectional antenna or multiple directional antennas that may be configured to track available RF beacon signals, such as GPS signals or NTN signals. The beacon signal may include location information of the transmitter. The beacon signal may be sent from, for example, a GNSS space vehicle (GNSS SV), a low earth orbit (LEO) satellite, a base station, a cellular station, an AP, a Wi-Fi station, or an amateur radio repeater. In some aspects, the beacon signal may include a unique identifier (ID), such as a cell ID, which may be associated with a known location. For example, the UE 602 may be able to retrieve a table of relevant IDs and locations from a network node or beacon location database, such as an LMF or a domain name server (DNS). If UE 602 knows its own location and the locations of beacons around UE 602 from which UE 602 can receive beacon information, UE 602 may be able to generate a sky map (such as the sky map shown in diagram 600) with UE 602 at the center and multiple beacons 604 located around UE 602.

[0088] Although UE 602 may understand its position relative to multiple beacons 604, UE 602 may not use the sky map shown in diagram 600 to know the orientation of its antenna.

[0089] Figure 6B 650 is an example of a sky map generated from another receiver of a UE 602 having a directional antenna. The UE 602 may have a directional antenna with a plate that blocks reception along a 180° angular region. The sky map may also illustrate multiple beacons 604 located around the UE 602, but may also illustrate a gap area 660 without beacon signals. The UE 602 may be able to determine its orientation based on the location information of the visible beacon signals in the diagram 650 with the gap area 660. In aspects where the UE 602 has a directional antenna and an omnidirectional antenna for communicating with the GNSS, the UE 502 may be configured to compare the visible GNSS SV sky map generated using its directional antenna with the visible GNSS SV sky map generated using its omnidirectional antenna. In aspects where the UE 602 may be able to retrieve a set of beacon locations from a beacon location database, the UE 602 may be configured to compare the visible sky map generated using its directional antenna with the sky map of the expected beacon location. For example, the UE 602 may estimate that the first receiving boundary 662 of the gap region 660 is located at 0° (or 360°) and the second receiving boundary 664 of the gap region 660 is located at 180°. In other words, Figure 6B The beacon 604 in may be Fig. 6A. In some aspects, the UE 602 may estimate, based on a cluster pattern of the beacons 604, that a first reception boundary 662 of the gap region 660 is located at 0° (or 360°) and a second reception boundary 664 of the gap region 660 is located at 180°. A cluster pattern may be any pattern of a set of beacon locations within a defined area that has more beacon locations than another defined area of ​​the same size. Such a determination depends on the density of the received beacon signals. The UE 602 may then estimate that the direction angle of its directional antenna is between the first reception boundary 662 and the second reception boundary 664, which is 270° (between 180° and 360°). If the UE 602 knows the direction in which the directional antenna is mounted to an object such as a manned vehicle, an unmanned vehicle, a ground vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a wearable device, the UE 602 may be able to calculate the forward direction of the object based on the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object. For example, if the directional antenna is mounted to the front bumper of the vehicle, the UE 602 may be configured to estimate that the vehicle is facing 270°. On the other hand, if the directional antenna is mounted to face the left side of the vehicle, the UE 602 may be configured to estimate that the vehicle is facing 0° (or 360°). Such a system may be used to initialize a GNSS system or a GNSS / IMU sensor fusion system at a static start.

[0090] Fig. 7A 700 is a diagram illustrating an example of a UE 702 having a directional antenna 704, the UE being configured to communicate with one or more wireless devices such as TRP 708, TRP 710, TRP 712, TRP 714, AP 716, AP 718, AP 720, and AP 722. UE 702 may be a land vehicle such as a car, which may be configured to receive wireless signals from a land base station, for example, via LTE, NR, or Wi-Fi signals. UE 702 may be configured to retrieve one or more locations of nearby beacon transmitters from one or more sources. For example, UE 702 may be configured to retrieve the locations of TRP 708, TRP 710, TRP 712, and TRP 714 from an LMF, and may be configured to retrieve the locations of AP 716, AP 718, AP 720, and AP 722 from a DNS. Therefore, even if UE 702 does not receive any signal from the beacon transmitter, UE 702 can know the location of nearby beacon transmitters.

[0091] The directional antenna 704 of the UE 702 may have a known directional angle θ, which the UE 702 may use to calculate the expected width of the reception area 706 within which the directional antenna 704 may receive signals from the beacon. The reception area 706 is understood to extend to the limit to which the directional antenna 704 may receive the beacon signal. In other words, the UE 702 may use the known directional angle θ to define the antenna pattern of the directional antenna 704.

[0092] UE 702 may be configured to estimate the orientation of directional antenna 704 by analyzing the locations of all received signals, the locations of nearby beacon transmitters, and the antenna pattern of directional antenna 704. In one aspect, UE 702 may be a custom car antenna on a car that receives three RF beacon signals from AP 716, TRP 708, and AP 718, respectively. Considering that UE 702 may receive signals from TRP 708, TRP 710, TRP 712, TRP 714, AP 716, AP 718, AP 720, and AP 722 based on the location of UE 702, UE 702 may determine that the vehicle is facing east based on its receipt of beacon signals from AP 716, TRP 708, and AP 718.

[0093] Figure 7B This is an example of using different configurations Fig. 7A 750 is an example of a UE 702 in FIG. Here, a directional antenna 704 may receive beacon signals from an AP 720, a TRP 714, and an AP 722. Considering that a UE 702 may receive signals from TRPs 708, 710, 712, 714, APs 716, 718, 720, and 722 based on the location of the UE 702, the UE 702 may determine that the vehicle is facing west based on its receipt of beacon signals from APs 720, 714, and 722. Such methods may provide fast constraints for initializing an IMU sensor at a static start. The resolution of such methods may depend on the resolution of the antenna directivity and the spatial density of nearby RF beacons.

[0094] Figure 8800 is a communication flow diagram of a UE 802 in a wireless system. The UE 802 may be configured to receive beacon signals from a plurality of beacons 1 to N, shown here as two beacons, namely beacon 1 804 and beacon N 806. Although two beacons are shown in the communication flow diagram 800, the UE 802 may receive beacon signals from many more beacons than two beacons. Beacon 1 804 may send a beacon signal 808 to the UE 802. The UE 802 may receive the beacon signal 808 from beacon 1 804. The beacon signal 808 may include an indicator of the location of beacon 1 804. Beacon N 806 may send a beacon signal 810 to the UE 802. The UE 802 may receive the beacon signal 810 from beacon N 806. The beacon signal 810 may include the location of beacon N 806. The UE 802 may be configured to use these beacon signals to determine its location. For example, UE 802 may receive a set of beacon signals from a GNSS SV to determine its GPS coordinates, or may receive a set of beacon signals from an AP to determine its location relative to the AP location. UE 802 may use the indicators of the locations of the beacons to generate a map of the expected beacon locations for each beacon.

[0095] In some aspects, the UE 802 may receive location information 807 from one or more wireless devices 801. The one or more wireless devices 801 may send the location information 807 to the UE 802. The one or more wireless devices 801 may be, for example, a network node, an AP, a LMF, a roadside unit (RSU), a DNS, or another UE. The one or more wireless devices 801 may include one or more beacon databases that can be used to retrieve indicators of expected beacon locations. The location information 807 may include one or more expected beacon locations that the UE 802 may use to map beacons near the UE 802. The location information 807 may include the location of the UE 802. Whether received as the location information 807 from the one or more wireless devices 801 or determined by the UE 802 based on the beacon signals 808 and 810, the UE 802 may determine its location relative to Beacon 1 804 and Beacon N 806.

[0096] At 812, UE 802 may calculate an orientation of one or more antennas, a direction of one or more antennas, an orientation of an object to which one or more antennas are mounted, or a direction of an object to which one or more antennas are mounted based on beacon signals 808 and 810. For example, UE 802 may estimate a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on a clustering pattern of beacon signals (such as beacon signal 808 and beacon signal 810) received by antennas of UE 802, such as Figure 6B802 may determine the direction of the antenna receiving the beacon signals 808 and 810 to be located between the first boundary and the second boundary.

[0097] In some aspects, the UE 802 may use location information (e.g., received as location information 807, determined by the UE 802, or derived from beacon signals 808 and 810) to determine expected beacon locations around the UE 802. For example, the UE 802 may determine an expected beacon location within a threshold distance of the UE 802. The UE 802 may then compare beacon signals (such as beacon signals 808 and 810) of one or more antennas of the UE 802 with the expected beacon location to determine which beacons of the expected beacon location transmitted the signal received by the UE 802. The UE 802 may estimate a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the expected beacon location and the received beacon signal to estimate the direction of the antenna that received the beacon signal. The UE 802 may use the estimated orientation / direction of the one or more antennas to determine the orientation / direction of any object (e.g., a land vehicle or UAV) to which the antenna is mounted. The UE 802 may determine the direction at static boot, which may be used to initialize the IMU, GNSS, or GNSS / IMU sensor fusion system of the UE 802 at static boot.

[0098] At 814, UE 802 may change the location, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas of UE 802. In some aspects, the change may be random, and in other aspects, the change may be based on beacon signals 808 and 810. For example, UE 802 may expect a signal from a TRP to which its antenna is pointed, but may not have received a beacon signal from that TRP, and therefore may assume that there is a block between UE 802 and the TRP from which the beacon signal is expected to be received. UE 802 may move the location, orientation, or direction of one or more antennas of UE 802 to move around such a block. By changing the antenna main beam orientation or the orientation of UE 802 to which the antenna is mounted, UE 802 may detect and mitigate potential interference, deception, and / or NLOS conditions by modeling the desired signal being tracked as a function of time or direction. When RF interference or deception is detected, UE 802 may perform one or more location, orientation, or direction operations to avoid interference, deception, or blocking.

[0099] After UE 802 changes the position, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas at 814, UE 802 may receive beacon signals. Beacon 1 804 may send beacon signal 816 to UE 802. UE 802 may receive beacon signal 816 from beacon 1 804. Beacon N 806 may send beacon signal 818 to UE 802. UE 802 may receive beacon signal 818 from beacon N 806. At 822, UE 802 may calculate a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on beacon signal 808 and the changes in the position, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas at 810, 814 and beacon signals 816 and 818. For example, UE 802 may have received interference from a jammer or another wireless device when it receives beacon signals 808 and 810, but may not have received interference when it receives beacon signals 816 and 818, and then the UE may determine the location of the interference or the location of the interfering device. In another example, UE 802 may have received a spoofed signal as beacon signal 808 from a certain location and received the same spoofed signal as beacon signal 816 from that location, and the beacon signal may be triangulated to determine the location of the spoofed device. UE 802 may know that the spoofed device is not a legitimate beacon by comparing the calculated location of the spoofed device with the expected beacon location. In another example, UE 802 may not receive a beacon signal from a beacon before changing the location, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas at 814, and may receive a beacon signal from a beacon after changing the location, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas at 814, which allows UE 802 to identify the location of the block. In some aspects, the UE 802 may change the position, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas to fine-tune the determined location of the interfering, spoofing, or blocking device at 824. In other words, when RF interference is detected, the UE 802 may perform a series of orientation operations to avoid or minimize the effects of continued interference, spoofing, and / or blocking.

[0100] In some aspects, the UE 802 may determine the location of the interfering device, spoofing device, or blocking device without changing the location, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas at 814. Instead, the UE 802 may receive one or more reports 820 from one or more wireless devices 801. The report may include at least one of the interference conditions associated with the data that has been collected by the UE 802, which the UE 802 may use to determine the location of the interfering device, spoofing device, or blocking device. The report may include, for example, a sky map or model of the UE, a set of expected beacon locations, and a set of received beacon signals from a UE that has an antenna with a different location, orientation, and / or direction than the antenna of the UE 802. In other words, using crowdsourcing techniques, the UE 802 may locate and / or mark a spoofer source, a jammer source, and / or a blocker source.

[0101] UE 802 may be configured to tilt and / or rotate one or more antennas to block or minimize the impact of jammers or spoofers on its communications. In some aspects, UE 802 may have two or more antennas facing different directions, which may provide UE 802 with higher spatial coverage of RF signals. RF tracking expectations between different antennas may be different based on real-time information that changes as the UE changes the location, orientation, and / or direction of one or more antennas at 814 and 824. Having multiple antennas may increase directional diversity. If UE 802 receives a beacon from an NTN satellite, UE 802 may also mitigate unintentional RF interference from NTN wireless devices.

[0102] Fig. 9 900 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, UE 404, UE 502, UE 602, UE 702, UE 802; device 1304). At 902, the UE may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. For example, 902 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE 802, which can receive beacon signals 808 and 810 via an antenna at the UE 802. Each of the beacon signals 808 and 810 can be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location, for example, by being included in the beacon signals 808 and 810 or by being associated with an expected beacon location from the location information 807. In addition, 902 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used for execution.

[0103] At 904, the UE may calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. For example, 904 may be performed by Figure 8802 in the UE, which can calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the beacon signals 808 and 810 at 812. In addition, 904 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0104] Fig.10 1000 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, UE 404, UE 502, UE 602, UE 702, UE 802; device 1304). At 1002, the UE may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. For example, 1002 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE 802, which can receive beacon signals 808 and 810 via an antenna at the UE 802. Each of the beacon signals 808 and 810 can be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location, for example, by being included in the beacon signals 808 and 810 or by being associated with an expected beacon location from the location information 807. In addition, 1002 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0105] At 1004, the UE may calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. For example, 1004 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE, which can calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the beacon signals 808 and 810 at 812. In addition, 1004 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0106] At 1006, the UE may estimate a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the cluster pattern of the first set of beacon signals. For example, 1006 may be performed by Figure 8 1006 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, and the UE may estimate the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary based on the cluster pattern of the first set of beacon signals. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0107] At 1008, the UE may calculate the direction angle between the first receiving boundary and the second receiving boundary. For example, 1008 may be calculated by Figure 8 1008 can be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, and the UE can calculate the direction angle between the first receiving boundary and the second receiving boundary. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0108] At 1010, the UE may further calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle. For example, 1010 may be performed by Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may further calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle. In addition, 1010 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0109] At 1012, the UE may receive, from a set of beacon location databases, the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location for each beacon signal in a second set of beacon signals associated with the location of the UE. The first set of beacon signals may include a subset of the second set of beacon signals. For example, 1012 may be performed by Figure 8 1012 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment of the present invention, the UE may receive, from a set of beacon location databases, the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location for each beacon signal in a second set of beacon signals associated with the location of the UE. The first set of beacon signals may include a subset of the second set of beacon signals. In addition, 1012 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0110] At 1014, the UE may estimate a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. For example, 1014 may be performed by Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may estimate the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. In addition, 1014 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0111] At 1016, the UE may calculate the direction angle between the first receiving boundary and the second receiving boundary. For example, 1016 may be calculated by Figure 8 1016 can be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, and the UE can calculate the direction angle between the first receiving boundary and the second receiving boundary. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0112] At 1018, the UE may further calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle. For example, 1018 may be calculated by Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may further calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle. In addition, 1018 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0113] Fig.111100 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, UE 404, UE 502, UE 602, UE 702, UE 802; device 1304). At 1102, the UE may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. For example, 1102 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE 802, which can receive beacon signals 808 and 810 via an antenna at the UE 802. Each of the beacon signals 808 and 810 can be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location, for example, by being included in the beacon signals 808 and 810 or by being associated with an expected beacon location from the location information 807. In addition, 1102 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0114] At 1104, the UE may calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. For example, 1104 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE, which can calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the beacon signals 808 and 810 at 812. In addition, 1104 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0115] At 1106, the UE may change at least one of the location, orientation, or direction of the antenna. For example, 1106 may be performed by Figure 8 1106 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, the UE may change at least one of the positioning, orientation or direction of the antenna. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0116] At 1108, after at least one processor changes at least one of the location, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna, the UE may receive a second set of beacon signals. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals is associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location. For example, 1108 may be performed by Figure 8 1108 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, the UE may receive a second set of beacon signals after at least one processor changes at least one of the location, orientation, or direction of the antenna. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals is associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location. In addition, 1108 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0117] At 1110, the UE may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. For example, 1110 may be performed by Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. In addition, 1110 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used for execution.

[0118] At 1112, the UE may receive a report of at least one of an interference condition associated with the set of interference condition parameters or a spoofing condition associated with the set of spoofing condition parameters. Figure 8 1112 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, which may receive a report of at least one of an interference condition associated with the set of interference condition parameters or a spoofing condition associated with the set of spoofing condition parameters. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used for execution.

[0119] At 1114, the UE may calculate the location of at least one of the jammer source or the spoofer source based on the report. For example, 1114 may be performed by Figure 8 1114 may be performed by UE 802 in the example, which may calculate the location of at least one of the jammer source or the spoofer source based on the report. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used for execution.

[0120] At 1116, the UE may change at least one of the second position, the second orientation, or the second direction of the antenna based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters. For example, 1116 may be performed by Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may be executed by changing at least one of the second position, the second orientation, or the second direction of the antenna based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters. In addition, 1116 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used for execution.

[0121] At 1118, the UE may communicate via a second antenna at the UE based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters. Figure 8 1118 may be performed by UE 802 in the communication system, and the UE may communicate via the second antenna at the UE based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters. Fig.13Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0122] At 1120, the UE may generate a model of a third set of expected beacon signals based on changing at least one of the location, direction, or orientation of the antenna. For example, 1120 may be performed by Figure 8 1120 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, the UE may generate a model of a third set of expected beacon signals based on changing at least one of the positioning, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0123] At 1122, the UE may further calculate at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the model of the third set of expected beacon signals. Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may further calculate at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the model of the third set of expected beacon signals. In addition, 1122 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0124] Fig.12 1200 is a flow chart of a wireless communication method. The method may be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 350, UE 404, UE 502, UE 602, UE 702, UE 802; device 1304). At 1202, the UE may receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. For example, 1202 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE 802, which can receive beacon signals 808 and 810 via an antenna at the UE 802. Each of the beacon signals 808 and 810 can be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location, for example, by being included in the beacon signals 808 and 810 or by being associated with an expected beacon location from the location information 807. In addition, 1202 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0125] At 1204, the UE may calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. For example, 1204 may be performed by Figure 8 802 in the UE, which can calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the beacon signals 808 and 810 at 812. In addition, 1204 can be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0126] At 1206, the UE may calculate a forward direction of the object based on the orientation of the antenna and the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object. For example, 1206 may be performed by Figure 8 1206 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, which may calculate the forward direction of the object based on the orientation of the antenna and the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0127] At 1208, the UE may receive a second set of beacon signals via a second antenna at the UE, wherein each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with a second corresponding indication of a second expected beacon location. Figure 8 1208 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, the UE may receive a second set of beacon signals via a second antenna at the UE, wherein each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with a second corresponding indication of a second expected beacon location. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0128] At 1210, the UE may calculate a second orientation of the second antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. For example, 1210 may be performed by Figure 8 1210 may be performed by UE 802 in the embodiment, and the UE may calculate the second orientation of the second antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0129] At 1212, the UE may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. In addition, 1212 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0130] At 1214, the UE may calculate a location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofer source based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters. For example, 1214 may be performed by Figure 8 The UE 802 in the embodiment may calculate the location of at least one of the jammer source or the spoofer source based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofer condition parameters. In addition, 1214 may be performed by Fig.13 Component 198 in is used to execute.

[0131] Fig.131300 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 1304. The apparatus 1304 may be a UE, a component of a UE, or may implement UE functionality. In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may include a cellular baseband processor 1324 (also referred to as a modem) coupled to one or more transceivers 1322 (e.g., a cellular RF transceiver). The cellular baseband processor 1324 may include on-chip memory 1324'. In some aspects, the apparatus 1304 may also include one or more subscriber identity module (SIM) cards 1320 and an application processor 1306 coupled to a secure digital (SD) card 1308 and a screen 1310. The application processor 1306 may include on-chip memory 1306'. In some aspects, the device 1304 may also include a Bluetooth module 1312, a WLAN module 1314, an SPS module 1316 (e.g., a GNSS module), one or more sensor modules 1318 (e.g., an atmospheric pressure sensor / altimeter; a motion sensor such as an inertial measurement unit (IMU), a gyroscope, and / or an accelerometer; light detection and ranging (LIDAR), radio-aided detection and ranging (RADAR), sound navigation and ranging (SONAR), a magnetometer, audio, and / or other technologies for positioning), an additional memory module 1326, a power source 1330, and / or a camera 1332. The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include an on-chip transceiver (TRX) (or in some cases, only a receiver (Rx)). The Bluetooth module 1312, the WLAN module 1314, and the SPS module 1316 may include their own dedicated antennas and / or communicate using an antenna 1380. The cellular baseband processor 1324 communicates with the UE 104 and / or with the RU associated with the network entity 1302 through the transceiver 1322 via one or more antennas 1380. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 may each include a computer-readable medium / memory 1324', 1306', respectively. The additional memory module 1326 may also be considered a computer-readable medium / memory. Each computer-readable medium / memory 1324', 1306', 1326 may be non-transitory. The cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306 are each responsible for general processing, including executing software stored on a computer-readable medium / memory. The software, when executed by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306, enables the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 to perform the various functions described above. The computer-readable medium / memory may also be used to store data manipulated by the cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 when executing the software.The cellular baseband processor 1324 / application processor 1306 may be a component of the UE 350 and may include the memory 360 and / or at least one of the Tx processor 368, the Rx processor 356, and the controller / processor 359. In one configuration, the device 1304 may be a processor chip (modem and / or application) and include only the cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or the application processor 1306, and in another configuration, the device 1304 may be the entire UE (e.g., see. Figure 3 UE 350) and includes additional modules of device 1304.

[0132] As discussed above, component 198 may be configured to receive a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of the desired beacon location. Component 198 may be configured to calculate the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. Component 198 may be within the cellular baseband processor 1324, the application processor 1306, or both the cellular baseband processor 1324 and the application processor 1306. Component 198 may be one or more hardware components that are specifically configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, implemented by one or more processors configured to perform the stated process / algorithm, stored in a computer-readable medium so as to be implemented by one or more processors, or some combination of the above. As shown, device 1304 may include multiple components configured for various functions. In one configuration, device 1304 (and specifically cellular baseband processor 1324 and / or application processor 1306) may include a component for receiving a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. Apparatus 1304 may include a component for calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. Apparatus 1304 may include a component for estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on a cluster pattern of the first set of beacon signals. Apparatus 1304 may include a component for calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals by calculating the azimuth between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may include the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location. Apparatus 1304 may include a component for receiving, from a set of beacon location databases, the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location for each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals associated with the location of the UE. The first set of beacon signals may include a subset of the second set of beacon signals. The device 1304 may include a component for estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. The component may include calculating the orientation of the antenna by calculating the azimuth between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the forward direction of the object based on the orientation of the antenna and the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object. The device 1304 may include a component for changing at least one of the positioning, the orientation, or the direction of the antenna. The method may include receiving a second set of beacon signals after changing at least one of the positioning, the orientation, or the direction of the antenna. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon position.The device 1304 may include a component for changing at least one of the positioning, orientation, or direction of the antenna. The method may include receiving a second set of beacon signals after changing at least one of the positioning, orientation, or direction of the antenna. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with the corresponding indication of the desired beacon position. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of deception condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters by generating a model of a third set of desired beacon signals based on changing at least one of the positioning, orientation, or orientation of the antenna. The device 1304 may include a component for receiving a report of at least one of the interference conditions associated with the set of interference condition parameters or the deception conditions associated with the set of deception condition parameters. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the location of at least one of the jammer source or the deception source based on the report. The device 1304 may include a component for changing at least one of the second positioning, second orientation, or second direction of the antenna based on the set of interference condition parameters or at least one of the set of deception condition parameters. The device 1304 may include a component for communicating via the second antenna at the UE based on the set of interference condition parameters or at least one of the set of deception condition parameters. The device 1304 may include at least one of a ground vehicle, an aircraft, an IoT device, or a wearable device. The device 1304 may include a component for receiving a second set of beacon signals via the second antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with a second corresponding indication of a second expected beacon position. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the second orientation of the second antenna based on the first set of beacon signals. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of deception condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the location of at least one of the jammer source or the spoofer source based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters. The device 1304 may include a component for generating a model of a third set of desired beacon signals based on changing at least one of the positioning, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters by further calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the model of the third set of desired beacon signals. The device 1304 may include a component for estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on a cluster pattern of the first set of beacon signals.The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the azimuth between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary. The device 1304 may include a component for calculating the orientation of the antenna by further calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the azimuth. These components may be components 198 of the device 1304 configured to perform the functions recited by these components. As described above, the device 1304 may include a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and a controller / processor 359. Therefore, in one configuration, these components may be a Tx processor 368, an Rx processor 356, and / or a controller / processor 359 configured to perform the functions recited by these components.

[0133] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the disclosed process / flowchart is only an illustration of the exemplary method. It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the process / flowchart can be rearranged based on design preferences. In addition, some blocks can be combined or omitted. The attached method claims provide the elements of various blocks in a sample order, but are not limited to the specific order or hierarchy provided.

[0134] The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not limited to the various aspects described herein, but should be given the full scope consistent with the language claims. Unless otherwise specified, reference to an element in the singular form does not mean "one and only one", but "one or more". Terms such as "if", "when" and "while" do not mean a direct temporal relationship or reaction. That is, these phrases, such as "when ...", do not mean an instant action in response to the occurrence of an action or during the occurrence of an action, but only mean that if the condition is met, the action will occur without a specific or instantaneous time constraint to cause the action to occur. The word "exemplary" is used herein to mean "used as an example, instance, or illustration". Any aspect described as "exemplary" herein is not necessarily interpreted as being preferred or having an advantage over other aspects. Unless otherwise specified, the term "some" refers to one or more. Combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" include any combination of A, B, and / or C, which may include multiple A, multiple B, or multiple C. Specifically, combinations such as "at least one of A, B, or C", "one or more of A, B, or C", "at least one of A, B, and C", "one or more of A, B, and C", and "A, B, C, or any combination thereof" may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, where any such combination may contain one or more members of A, B, or C. A set should be interpreted as a set of elements, where the number of elements is one or more. Thus, for a set of X, X will include one or more elements. If the first device receives data from the second device or sends data to the second device, the data may be received / sent directly between the first device and the second device, or indirectly between the first device and the second device through a collection of devices. All structural and functional equivalents of the elements of the various aspects described throughout the present disclosure that are known or will later be known to a person of ordinary skill in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are covered by the claims. In addition, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. Words such as "module", "mechanism", "element", "device", etc. cannot replace the word "component". Therefore, no claim element will be understood as a component plus function unless the element is explicitly stated using the phrase "component for..."

[0135] As used herein, the phrase "based on" should not be interpreted as referring to a closed set of information, one or more conditions, one or more factors, etc. In other words, the phrase "based on A" (where "A" can be information, a condition, a factor, etc.) should be interpreted as "based at least on A" unless specifically stated differently.

[0136] A device configured to "output" data (such as sending, signaling, or messages) may, for example, send the data using a transceiver, or may transmit the data to a device that sends the data. A device configured to "obtain" data (such as sending, signaling, or messages) may, for example, receive the data using a transceiver, or may obtain the data from a device that receives the data.

[0137] The following aspects are merely illustrative and may be combined with other aspects or teachings described herein without limitation.

[0138] Aspect 1 is a method of wireless communication at a UE, wherein the method may include receiving a first set of beacon signals via an antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may be associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location. The method may include calculating an orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals.

[0139] Aspect 2 is a method according to aspect 1, wherein the method may include estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the cluster pattern of the first set of beacon signals. The method may also include calculating a direction angle between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary. Calculating the orientation of the antenna may include further calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle.

[0140] Aspect 3 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 and 2, wherein each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals may include the corresponding indication of the expected beacon position.

[0141] Aspect 4 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 3, wherein the method may include receiving, from a set of beacon location databases, the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location for each beacon signal in a second set of beacon signals associated with the location of the UE. The first set of beacon signals may include a subset of the second set of beacon signals.

[0142] Aspect 5 is a method according to aspect 4, wherein the method may include estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals. The method may include calculating a direction angle between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary. Calculating the orientation of the antenna may include further calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle.

[0143] Aspect 6 is a method according to aspect 5, wherein the method may include calculating a forward direction of the object based on the orientation of the antenna and the attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object.

[0144] Aspect 7 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 6, wherein the method may include changing at least one of the positioning, orientation or direction of the antenna. The method may include receiving a second set of beacon signals after changing at least one of the positioning, orientation or direction of the antenna. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon position. The method may include calculating at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

[0145] Aspect 8 is a method according to aspect 7, wherein the method may include generating a model of a third set of expected beacon signals based on changing at least one of the positioning, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna. Calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters may include further calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the model of the third set of expected beacon signals.

[0146] Aspect 9 is a method according to any one of aspects 7 and 8, wherein the method may include receiving a report of at least one of a jammer condition associated with the set of jammer condition parameters or a spoofing condition associated with the set of spoofing condition parameters. The method may include calculating a location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofer source based on the report.

[0147] Aspect 10 is a method according to any one of Aspects 7 to 9, wherein the method may include changing at least one of the second position, second orientation or second direction of the antenna based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

[0148] Aspect 11 is a method according to any one of aspects 7 to 10, wherein the method may include communicating via a second antenna at the UE based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

[0149] Aspect 12 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 11, wherein the UE may include at least one of a ground vehicle, an aircraft, an IoT device, or a wearable device.

[0150] Aspect 13 is a method according to any one of aspects 1 to 12, wherein the method may include receiving a second set of beacon signals via a second antenna at the UE. Each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals may be associated with a second corresponding indication of a second expected beacon position. The method may include calculating a second orientation of the second antenna based on the first set of beacon signals.

[0151] Aspect 14 is a method according to aspect 13, wherein the method may include calculating at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of NLOS condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

[0152] Aspect 15 is a method according to aspect 14, wherein the method may include calculating the location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofer source based on at least one of the set of jamming condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

[0153] Aspect 16 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising: a memory; and at least one processor, the at least one processor being coupled to the memory and being configured to implement any one of Aspects 1 to 15 based at least in part on information stored in the memory.

[0154] Aspect 17 is the apparatus of aspect 16, further comprising at least one of an antenna or a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor.

[0155] Aspect 18 is an apparatus for wireless communication, the apparatus comprising means for implementing any one of aspects 1 to 15.

[0156] Aspect 19 is a computer-readable medium (eg, a non-transitory computer-readable medium) storing computer-executable code, wherein the code, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to implement any one of aspects 1 to 15.

Claims

1. A device for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the device include: Memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and based at least in part on the information stored in the memory, the at least one processor configured to: receiving, via an antenna at the UE, a first set of beacon signals, wherein each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals is associated with a corresponding indication of a desired beacon location; as well as An orientation of the antenna is calculated based on the first set of beacon signals.

2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on a clustering pattern of the first set of beacon signals; and calculating a direction angle between the first receiving boundary and the second receiving boundary, in, To calculate the orientation of the antenna, the at least one processor is configured to calculate the orientation of the antenna further based on the calculated direction angle. 3 . The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals comprises the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: The corresponding indication of the expected beacon location for each beacon signal in a second set of beacon signals associated with the location of the UE is received from a set of beacon location databases, wherein the first set of beacon signals comprises a subset of the second set of beacon signals.

5. The apparatus of claim 4, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals; and calculating a direction angle between the first receiving boundary and the second receiving boundary, in, To calculate the orientation of the antenna, the at least one processor is configured to calculate the orientation of the antenna further based on the calculated direction angle.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A forward direction of the object is calculated based on the orientation of the antenna and an attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: changing at least one of the positioning, the orientation, or the direction of the antenna; receiving a second set of beacon signals after the at least one processor is configured to change at least one of the position, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna, wherein each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals is associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location; and At least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition parameters is calculated based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: A model for generating a third set of desired beacon signals based on changing at least one of the positioning, orientation, or alignment of the antenna. Wherein, To calculate at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters, the at least one processor is configured to further calculate at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the model of the third set of desired beacon signals.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a report of at least one of an interference condition associated with the set of interference condition parameters or a spoofing condition associated with the set of spoofing condition parameters; and Calculate the location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofing source based on the report.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Change at least one of a second positioning, a second orientation, or a second direction of the antenna based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

11. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Communicate via a second antenna at the UE based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

12. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the UE includes at least one of a ground vehicle, an aircraft, an Internet of Things (IoT) device, or a wearable device.

13. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Receive a second set of beacon signals via a second antenna at the UE, wherein each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals is associated with a second corresponding indication of a second desired beacon location; and Calculate a second orientation of the second antenna based on the first set of beacon signals.

14. The apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Calculate at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

15. The apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the at least one processor is further configured to: Calculate the location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofing source based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

16. The apparatus according to claim 1, the apparatus further comprising a transceiver coupled to the at least one processor, wherein the transceiver is configured to receive the first set of beacon signals via the antenna at the UE.

17. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the method Comprises: receiving, via an antenna at the UE, a first set of beacon signals, wherein each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals is associated with a corresponding indication of a desired beacon location; as well as An orientation of the antenna is calculated based on the first set of beacon signals.

18. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: include: estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on a clustering pattern of the first set of beacon signals; as well as A direction angle between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary is calculated, wherein calculating the orientation of the antenna includes calculating the direction angle between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary based on the calculated direction angle.

19. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: include: The corresponding indication of the expected beacon location for each beacon signal in a second set of beacon signals associated with the location of the UE is received from a set of beacon location databases, wherein the first set of beacon signals comprises a subset of the second set of beacon signals.

20. The method according to claim 19, further comprising: include: estimating a first reception boundary and a second reception boundary based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals; as well as A direction angle between the first reception boundary and the second reception boundary is calculated, wherein calculating the orientation of the antenna includes further calculating the orientation of the antenna based on the calculated direction angle.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising: include: A forward direction of the object is calculated based on the orientation of the antenna and an attachment configuration of the antenna relative to the object.

22. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: include: changing at least one of the positioning, the orientation, or the direction of the antenna; receiving a second set of beacon signals after changing at least one of the position, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna, wherein each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals is associated with the corresponding indication of the expected beacon location; as well as At least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition parameters is calculated based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals.

23. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: include: A model of a third set of expected beacon signals is generated based on changing at least one of the positioning, the direction, or the orientation of the antenna, wherein calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters includes further calculating at least one of the set of interference condition parameters, the set of spoofing condition parameters, or the set of NLOS condition parameters based on the model of the third set of expected beacon signals.

24. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: include: receiving a report of at least one of a jamming condition associated with the set of jamming condition parameters or a spoofing condition associated with the set of spoofing condition parameters; as well as A location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofer source is calculated based on the report.

25. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: include: At least one of a second position, a second orientation, or a second direction of the antenna is changed based on at least one of the set of jamming condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

26. The method according to claim 22, further comprising: include: Communicating via a second antenna at the UE is performed based on at least one of the set of interference condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

27. The method according to claim 17, further comprising: include: receiving, via a second antenna at the UE, a second set of beacon signals, wherein each beacon signal in the second set of beacon signals is associated with a second corresponding indication of a second expected beacon location; as well as A second orientation of the second antenna is calculated based on the first set of beacon signals.

28. The method according to claim 27, further comprising: include: calculating at least one of a set of interference condition parameters, a set of spoofing condition parameters, or a set of non-line-of-sight (NLOS) condition parameters based on the first set of beacon signals and the second set of beacon signals; as well as A location of at least one of a jammer source or a spoofer source is calculated based on at least one of the set of jamming condition parameters or the set of spoofing condition parameters.

29. An apparatus for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), the apparatus include: means for receiving, via an antenna at the UE, a first set of beacon signals, wherein each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals is associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location; and Means for calculating an orientation of the antenna based on the first set of beacon signals.

30. A computer readable medium storing computer executable code at a user equipment (UE) which, when executed by a processor, causes the processor to: receiving, via an antenna at the UE, a first set of beacon signals, wherein each beacon signal in the first set of beacon signals is associated with a corresponding indication of an expected beacon location; and An orientation of the antenna is calculated based on the first set of beacon signals.

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