Straw returning device and method

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of straw returning, in particular to a straw returning device and method, and solves the problems that in the existing straw returning process, straw and soil are crushed synchronously in a rotary tillage mode, local accumulation of the straw is easily caused, the crushed straw covers the soil, and the straw returning effect is poor. The air permeability of the soil and the fertility effect of the straws are influenced. The straw returning device comprises a traction smashing mechanism and a synchronous conveying mechanism, the traction smashing mechanism comprises a smashing protective cover, and the inner side of the smashing protective cover is rotationally connected with a straw smashing shaft and a soil rotary tillage shaft. Staggered smashing and spraying are carried out on the straw and the soil, the smashed straw can be covered with the soil, then the soil porosity is increased, the straw returning effect and the soil softness and air permeability are improved, meanwhile, the straw can rapidly absorb water and form viscous substances, and the water retention capacity of the soil is effectively improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of straw returning to the field, and specifically to a straw returning to the field device and method. Background Art

[0002] Straw returning to the field is a measure that utilizes straw for returning to the field. It is an important yield-increasing measure for improving soil fertility that is widely emphasized in the world. While eliminating the air pollution caused by straw burning, it also has the effect of increasing fertilizer and yield. Straw returning to the field can increase soil organic matter, improve soil structure, make the soil loose, increase porosity, reduce bulk density, and promote the vitality of microorganisms and the development of crop roots. The effect of increasing fertilizer and yield by straw returning to the field is significant. In the existing process of straw returning to the field, the straw and soil are usually synchronously pulverized by rotary tillage, which is likely to cause local accumulation of straw, and the pulverized straw covers the soil, affecting soil air permeability and the fertility effect of straw; therefore, it does not meet the existing requirements, and for this reason, we propose a straw returning to the field device and method. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a straw returning to the field device and method to solve the problems mentioned in the above background art, that is, in the existing process of straw returning to the field, the straw and soil are usually synchronously pulverized by rotary tillage, which is likely to cause local accumulation of straw, and the pulverized straw covers the soil, affecting soil air permeability and the fertility effect of straw.

[0004] To achieve the above purpose, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

[0005] A straw returning to the field device includes a traction pulverizing mechanism and a synchronous conveying mechanism. The traction pulverizing mechanism includes a pulverizing protective cover. Inside the pulverizing protective cover, a straw pulverizing shaft and a soil rotary tillage shaft are rotatably connected. The straw pulverizing shaft is located in front of the soil rotary tillage shaft;

[0006] The synchronous conveying mechanism is installed at the rear end of the traction pulverizing mechanism. The synchronous conveying mechanism includes a connecting frame. At the lower end surface of the connecting frame, a connecting angle plate is fixedly installed. At the bottom end of the connecting angle plate, a soil conveying seat is fixedly installed. At the rear end of the soil conveying seat, there are multiple U-shaped spraying grooves. Between the connecting angle plate and the soil conveying seat, a straw conveying seat is installed. At the rear end of the straw conveying seat, multiple arc-shaped output sleeves are installed. Between the straw conveying seat and the multiple arc-shaped output sleeves, arc-shaped blocking covers are installed. At the rear end of the upper end surface of the straw conveying seat, multiple positioning balls are rotatably connected. Inside the positioning balls, an adjusting screw is rotatably connected. At the rear end of the adjusting screw, a transmission block is installed.

[0007] Preferably, the traction and crushing mechanism also includes a splash arc plate rotatably connected to the upper end of the crushing protective cover, a traction frame is fixedly installed at the front end of the crushing protective cover, a chain box is fixedly installed at one end of the crushing protective cover, a plurality of crushing frames are fixedly installed on the outer side of the straw crushing shaft, and a plurality of rotary tillage bars are fixedly installed on the outer side of the soil rotary tillage shaft.

[0008] Preferably, elastic vibration damping units are installed on the inner sides of both ends of the connecting angle plates, and the elastic vibration damping units include positioning sleeves, a connecting rod is installed on the inner side of the positioning sleeves, a supporting spring is provided between the connecting rod and the connecting angle plate, the bottom ends of the two positioning sleeves pass through the two ends of the connecting angle plates and are fixedly connected to the straw conveying seat, the two positioning sleeves are slidably connected to the two ends of the connecting angle plates, the bottom end of the connecting rod passes through the supporting spring and is threadedly connected to the positioning sleeves, and the two ends of the connecting angle plates are connected to the two connecting rods through supporting springs.

[0009] Preferably, a synchronous material broadcasting mechanism is installed on the outer side of the synchronous conveying mechanism, and the synchronous material broadcasting mechanism includes a supporting mounting frame, both ends of the supporting mounting frame are rotatably connected to support rollers, a plurality of conical furrow openers are fixedly installed on the rear end face of the supporting mounting frame, and two material conveying pipes are installed on the inner side of the bottom end of each of the conical furrow openers, a material broadcasting mounting frame is fixedly installed on the upper end of the supporting mounting frame, a material placing box is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper end of the material broadcasting mounting frame, a plurality of fertilizer guide boxes are fixedly installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the material broadcasting mounting frame, a fertilizer conveying wheel is rotatably connected to the inner side of the fertilizer guide box, a second transmission shaft is installed between the plurality of fertilizer conveying wheels, a sowing guide box is installed on one side of the fertilizer guide box, a seed conveying wheel is rotatably connected to the inner side of the sowing guide box, and a first transmission shaft is installed between the plurality of seed conveying wheels.

[0010] Preferably, a sprocket is fixedly provided at one end of the straw crushing shaft and the soil rotary tillage shaft, a chain is provided on the inner side of the chain box, the straw crushing shaft and the soil rotary tillage shaft are connected through the chain and two sprockets, and the rotation direction of the straw crushing shaft and the soil rotary tillage shaft is counterclockwise.

[0011] Preferably, a fertilizer bin and a seed bin are respectively provided on the inner side of the feeding box, a plurality of the fertilization guide boxes are connected to the fertilizer bin, the second transmission shaft passes through a plurality of the fertilization guide boxes and is fixedly connected to the fertilizer conveying wheel, a plurality of the sowing guide boxes are connected to the seed bin, and the first transmission shaft passes through a plurality of the sowing guide boxes and is fixedly connected to the seed conveying wheel.

[0012] Preferably, the material placing box is fixedly connected to a plurality of fertilizing guiding boxes and seeding guiding boxes. The plurality of fertilizing guiding boxes and seeding guiding boxes are linearly arranged alternately along the side of the material placing box. The plurality of conical ditching tools are linearly arranged along the side of the support mounting frame. A hose is provided between each adjacent pair of the material conveying pipes and the fertilizing guiding boxes and seeding guiding boxes.

[0013] Preferably, the front end of the straw conveying seat is rotatably connected to the crushing protective cover by a pin. The front end of the arc-shaped output sleeve is rotatably connected to the lower part of the rear end of the straw conveying seat by a pin. The front end of the arc-shaped blocking cover is inserted into the inner side of the rear end of the straw conveying seat and fixedly connected to the straw conveying seat. The rear end of the arc-shaped blocking cover is inserted into the inner side of the front end of the arc-shaped output sleeve. The rear end of the adjusting screw penetrates through the positioning ball and is threadedly connected to the transmission block. The transmission block is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped output sleeve.

[0014] Preferably, the soil conveying seat is fixedly connected to the seeding mounting frame through connecting angle plates and a connecting frame. A straw conveying channel is provided inside the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve. A soil conveying channel is provided inside the soil conveying seat.

[0015] The present invention also provides a method for using a straw returning device, which includes the following steps:

[0016] S1: When returning the straw in the farmland, fixedly connect the towing frame to the tractor, so that the crushing protective cover protects and installs the straw crushing shaft and the soil rotary tillage shaft. The towing frame can drive the whole to move in the farmland through the towing operation of the tractor. At the same time, the support mounting frame is rollingly supported by two support rollers. During the forward movement, the straw crushing shaft and the soil rotary tillage shaft respectively and synchronously drive a plurality of crushing frames and rotary tillage bars to rotate counterclockwise. A straw conveying channel is provided inside the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve, so that the straw crushing shaft can crush the straw on the soil surface through the plurality of crushing frames and convey it to the inner side of the straw conveying seat. Then, the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve can obliquely spray and evenly sprinkle the crushed straw through the straw conveying channel;

[0017] S2: A soil conveying channel is provided inside the soil conveying seat. At the same time, the soil rotary tillage shaft can perform rotary tillage operations on the soil layer after removing the straw through the plurality of rotary tillage bars and convey it to the inner side of the soil conveying seat. Then, the soil conveying seat can spray and evenly sprinkle the crushed soil through the soil conveying channel and a plurality of U-shaped spraying grooves. There is a gap between two adjacent soil conveying seats, so that the soil conveying seat can maintain the horizontal spraying of the soil through the U-shaped spraying grooves and realize the soil covering on the surface of the straw;

[0018] S3: The rear end of the soil conveying seat is in front of the rear end of the arc-shaped output sleeve, so that during the straw returning process, the soil can be scraped after the straw is crushed and horizontally ejected after the straw is sprayed. Thus, the soil is covered on the surface of the crushed straw, increasing the soil porosity, improving the straw returning effect, as well as the softness and air permeability of the soil. At the same time, the straw can quickly absorb water and form a viscous substance, effectively increasing the soil water retention capacity. The front end of the straw conveying seat is rotatably connected to the crushing protective cover through a pin, and the straw conveying seat is connected to the connecting angle plate through two elastic damping units. Among them, the bottom end of the connecting rod passes through the support spring and is threadedly connected to the positioning sleeve. The connecting rod is connected to the connecting angle plate through the support spring, so that the connecting rod and the positioning sleeve can maintain the elastic swing of the soil conveying seat relative to the crushing protective cover under the elastic support of the support spring, thereby improving the damping effect on the straw conveying seat;

[0019] S4: By rotating the adjusting screw, the adjusting screw drives the transmission block to move axially through the positioning ball. Then, the transmission block drives the arc-shaped output sleeve to swing relative to the straw conveying seat and adjust the angle, realizing the control of the spraying angle of the arc-shaped output sleeve for the straw, meeting the straw covering effect under different soil moisture contents. At the same time, the arc-shaped sealing cover can seal the gap between the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve in real time to prevent straw from leaking through the gap between the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve;

[0020] S5: During the straw returning process, fertilizers and seeds are placed through the material placing box. When the first transmission shaft and the second transmission shaft rotate, they respectively drive fertilizers and seeds through multiple seed conveying wheels and fertilizer conveying wheels. Then, while the conical furrow opener is opening the furrow, the fertilizers and seeds are synchronously sown through the material conveying pipe, and the effects of covering the fertilizers and seeds with soil and straw in sequence can be achieved, improving the fertilization effect of fertilizers and the survival rate of seeds.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0022] 1. In the present invention, the straw crushing shaft can crush the straw on the soil surface through multiple crushing frames, and the crushed straw can be obliquely ejected and evenly sprayed through the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve. The soil rotary tillage shaft can perform rotary tillage operations on the soil layer after removing the straw through multiple rotary tillage bars, and the crushed soil can be ejected and evenly sprayed through the soil conveying seat and multiple U-shaped spraying grooves. There is a gap between two adjacent soil conveying seats, and the rear end of the soil conveying seat is in front of the rear end of the arc-shaped output sleeve, so that the soil conveying seat can maintain the horizontal spraying of the soil through the U-shaped spraying groove and realize the covering of the soil on the surface of the straw, increasing the soil porosity, improving the straw returning effect, as well as the softness and air permeability of the soil. At the same time, the straw can quickly absorb moisture and form a viscous substance, effectively increasing the water retention capacity of the soil.

[0023] 2. In the present invention, the connecting rod and the positioning sleeve can maintain the elastic swing of the soil conveying seat relative to the crushing protective cover under the elastic support of the support spring, thereby improving the vibration damping effect on the straw conveying seat. When the adjusting screw rotates, the driving block is driven to move axially through the positioning ball, and then the driving block drives the arc-shaped output sleeve to swing relative to the straw conveying seat and adjust the angle, realizing the control of the ejection angle of the arc-shaped output sleeve for the straw, meeting the straw covering effect under different soil moisture content states. At the same time, the arc-shaped sealing cover can perform real-time sealing between the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve to prevent straw from leaking through the gap between the straw conveying seat and the arc-shaped output sleeve. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the whole of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 is a rear view of the whole of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 is a schematic installation structure diagram of the synchronous conveying mechanism of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 is a schematic sectional structure diagram of the whole of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the synchronous material spreading mechanism of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 is a partial sectional structure diagram of the synchronous material spreading mechanism of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 is a schematic structural diagram of the synchronous conveying mechanism of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 is a partial structural diagram of the traction crushing mechanism of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 9 For the present invention Figure 4 is a schematic enlarged structure diagram of area A in the present invention.

[0033] In the figure: 1. Traction and crushing mechanism; 101. Traction frame; 102. Crushing protective cover; 103. Splash-proof arc plate; 104. Chain box; 105. Straw crushing shaft; 106. Soil rotary tillage shaft; 107. Crushing frame; 108. Rotary tillage strip; 2. Synchronous material spreading mechanism; 201. Material spreading mounting frame; 202. Material placement box; 203. Support mounting frame; 204. Support roller; 205. First transmission shaft; 206. Second transmission shaft; 207. Fertilizer guiding box; 208. Sowing guiding box; 209. Fertilizer conveying wheel; 210. Seed conveying wheel; 211. Conical furrow opener; 212. Material conveying pipe; 3. Synchronous conveying mechanism; 301. Straw conveying seat; 302. Soil conveying seat; 303. Arc-shaped output sleeve; 304. Connecting frame; 305. Connecting angle plate; 306. Elastic shock absorption unit; 307. Positioning ball; 308. Transmission block; 309. Adjusting screw; 310. Arc-shaped sealing cover; 311. Connecting rod; 312. Support spring; 313. Positioning sleeve; 314. U-shaped spraying tank. Specific embodiments

[0034] Next, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all the embodiments.

[0035] Please refer to Figure 1 、 Figure 4 and Figure 8The present invention provides an embodiment: a straw returning device, comprising a traction crushing mechanism 1 and a synchronous conveying mechanism 3, the traction crushing mechanism 1 comprising a crushing protective cover 102, the inner side of the crushing protective cover 102 is rotatably connected with a straw crushing shaft 105 and a soil rotary tillage shaft 106, the straw crushing shaft 105 is located in front of the soil rotary tillage shaft 106, the upper end of the crushing protective cover 102 is rotatably connected with an anti-splash arc plate 103, the front end of the crushing protective cover 102 is fixedly installed with a traction frame 101, one end of the crushing protective cover 102 is fixedly installed with a chain box 104, and the outer side of the straw crushing shaft 105 is fixedly installed with a plurality of A plurality of rotary tillage bars 108 are fixedly installed on the outer side of a soil rotary tillage shaft 106 and a crushing frame 107. A sprocket is fixedly installed at one end of the straw crushing shaft 105 and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106. A chain is provided on the inner side of the chain box 104. The straw crushing shaft 105 and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106 are connected by a chain and two sprockets. The rotation direction of the straw crushing shaft 105 and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106 is counterclockwise, so that the straw crushing shaft 105 can crush the straw on the soil surface through the plurality of crushing frames 107, and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106 can perform rotary tillage on the soil layer after the straw is removed through the plurality of rotary tillage bars 108.

[0036] See also Figures 1 to 6 A synchronous feeding mechanism 2 is installed on the outer side of the synchronous conveying mechanism 3, and the synchronous feeding mechanism 2 includes a supporting mounting frame 203, both ends of the supporting mounting frame 203 are rotatably connected with supporting rollers 204, a feeding mounting frame 201 is fixedly installed on the upper end of the supporting mounting frame 203, a material placing box 202 is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper end of the material placing frame 201, and a plurality of fertilizer guide boxes 207 are fixedly installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the material placing frame 201, and a fertilizer bin and a seed bin are respectively provided on the inner side of the material placing box 202, and fertilizers and seeds are placed through the material placing box 202;

[0037] A plurality of fertilizer guide boxes 207 are connected through the fertilizer bin, and a fertilizer conveying wheel 209 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the fertilizer guide box 207. A second transmission shaft 206 passes through the plurality of fertilizer guide boxes 207 and is fixedly connected to the fertilizer conveying wheel 209. A second transmission shaft 206 is installed between the plurality of fertilizer conveying wheels 209. A sowing guide box 208 is installed on one side of the fertilizer guide box 207. A plurality of conical furrow openers 211 are linearly arranged along the side of the support mounting frame 203. A hose is provided between two adjacent feed pipes 212 and the fertilizer guide box 207 and the sowing guide box 208. A plurality of conical furrow openers 211 are fixedly installed on the rear end face of the support mounting frame 203. Two feed pipes 212 are installed on the inner side of the bottom end of each conical furrow opener 211. When the conical furrow opener 211 is furrowing, fertilizer and seeds are synchronously sown through the feed pipe 212, and the soil and straw can cover the fertilizer and seeds in turn.

[0038] A plurality of seeding guide boxes 208 are connected to the seed bin in a penetrating manner. The material placing box 202 is fixedly connected to both a plurality of fertilizing guide boxes 207 and the seeding guide boxes 208. The plurality of fertilizing guide boxes 207 and the seeding guide boxes 208 are linearly arranged alternately along the side of the material placing box 202. A seed conveying wheel 210 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the seeding guide box 208. A first transmission shaft 205 is installed between the plurality of seed conveying wheels 210. The first transmission shaft 205 penetrates through the plurality of seeding guide boxes 208 and is fixedly connected to the seed conveying wheels 210, so that when the first transmission shaft 205 and the second transmission shaft 206 rotate, the fertilizer and seeds are stirred respectively through the plurality of seed conveying wheels 210 and the fertilizer conveying wheels 209.

[0039] Please refer to Figures 2 to 9 , a synchronous conveying mechanism 3 is installed at the rear end of the traction crushing mechanism 1. The synchronous conveying mechanism 3 includes a connecting frame 304. A connecting angle plate 305 is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the connecting frame 304. A soil conveying seat 302 is fixedly installed at the bottom end of the connecting angle plate 305. A straw conveying seat 301 is installed between the connecting angle plate 305 and the soil conveying seat 302. The front end of the straw conveying seat 301 is rotatably connected to the crushing protective cover 102 through a pin. A plurality of arc-shaped output sleeves 303 are installed at the rear end of the straw conveying seat 301. The front end of the arc-shaped output sleeve 303 is rotatably connected to the lower part of the rear end of the straw conveying seat 301 through a pin. The soil conveying seat 302 is fixedly connected to the sowing installation frame 201 through the connecting angle plate 305 and the connecting frame 304. A straw conveying channel is provided inside the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc-shaped output sleeve 303, and a soil conveying channel is provided inside the soil conveying seat 302, so that the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc-shaped output sleeve 303 can obliquely eject and evenly spray the crushed straw through the straw conveying channel, and the soil conveying seat 302 can eject and evenly spray the crushed soil through the soil conveying channel and a plurality of U-shaped spraying grooves 314;

[0040] A plurality of U-shaped spraying grooves 314 are provided at the rear end of the soil conveying seat 302. A plurality of positioning balls 307 are rotatably connected to the rear end of the upper end surface of the straw conveying seat 301. An adjusting screw 309 is rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning ball 307. A transmission block 308 is installed at the rear end of the adjusting screw 309. The rear end of the adjusting screw 309 penetrates through the positioning ball 307 and is threadedly connected to the transmission block 308. The transmission block 308 is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped output sleeve 303, so that when the adjusting screw 309 rotates, the transmission block 308 is driven to move axially through the positioning ball 307, and then the transmission block 308 drives the arc-shaped output sleeve 303 to swing relative to the straw conveying seat 301 and adjust the angle, realizing the control of the ejection angle of the arc-shaped output sleeve 303 for the straw and meeting the straw covering effect in the state of different water contents of the soil;

[0041] An arc-shaped sealing cover 310 is installed between the straw conveying seat 301 and multiple arc-shaped output sleeves 303. The front end of the arc-shaped sealing cover 310 is inserted into the inner side of the rear end of the straw conveying seat 301 and fixedly connected to the straw conveying seat 301. The rear end of the arc-shaped sealing cover 310 is inserted into the inner side of the front end of the arc-shaped output sleeve 303. Through the arc-shaped sealing cover 310, the gap between the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc-shaped output sleeve 303 can be sealed in real time, avoiding the leakage of straw from the gap between the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc-shaped output sleeve 303.

[0042] Please refer to Figure 4 and Figure 9 As shown in, elastic damping units 306 are installed on the inner sides of both ends of the connecting angle plate 305. The elastic damping unit 306 includes a positioning sleeve 313. A connecting rod 311 is installed inside the positioning sleeve 313. A support spring 312 is provided between the connecting rod 311 and the connecting angle plate 305. The bottom ends of the two positioning sleeves 313 penetrate through both ends of the connecting angle plate 305 and are fixedly connected to the straw conveying seat 301. The two positioning sleeves 313 are slidably connected to both ends of the connecting angle plate 305. The bottom end of the connecting rod 311 penetrates through the support spring 312 and is threadedly connected to the positioning sleeve 313. Both ends of the connecting angle plate 305 are connected to the two connecting rods 311 through the support spring 312. This enables the connecting rod 311 and the positioning sleeve 313 to maintain the elastic swing of the soil conveying seat 302 relative to the crushing protective cover 102 under the elastic support of the support spring 312, thereby improving the damping effect on the straw conveying seat 301.

[0043] The present invention also provides a method for using a straw returning device, including the following steps:

[0044] S1: When returning the straw in the farmland, fixedly connect the towing frame 101 to the tractor, so that the crushing protective cover 102 protects and installs the straw crushing shaft 105 and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106. The towing frame 101 can drive the whole to move in the farmland through the towing operation of the tractor. At the same time, the support mounting frame 203 is supported by two support rollers 204 for rolling. During the forward movement, the straw crushing shaft 105 and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106 respectively and synchronously drive a plurality of crushing frames 107 and rotary tillage bars 108 to rotate counterclockwise. There is a straw conveying channel inside the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc-shaped output sleeve 303, so that the straw crushing shaft 105 can crush the straw on the soil surface through a plurality of crushing frames 107 and convey it to the inside of the straw conveying seat 301. Then, the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc-shaped output sleeve 303 can obliquely eject and evenly spray the crushed straw through the straw conveying channel.

[0045] S2: A soil conveying channel is provided on the inner side of the soil conveying seat 302, and the soil rotary tillage shaft 106 can perform rotary tillage operation on the soil layer after the straw is removed through a plurality of rotary tillage bars 108 and convey the soil to the inner side of the soil conveying seat 302, and then the soil conveying seat 302 can spray and evenly spray the crushed soil through the soil conveying channel and a plurality of U-shaped spraying grooves 314, and there is a gap between two adjacent soil conveying seats 302, so that the soil conveying seat 302 can maintain horizontal spraying of the soil through the U-shaped spraying grooves 314 and achieve soil covering the surface of the straw;

[0046] S3: The rear end of the soil conveying seat 302 is located in front of the rear end of the arc-shaped output sleeve 303, so that in the process of returning the straw to the field, the soil can be scraped after the straw is crushed and sprayed horizontally after the straw is sprayed, so as to achieve soil covering the surface of the crushed straw, increase the soil porosity, improve the straw returning effect and the soil softness and air permeability, and at the same time, the straw can quickly absorb water and form sticky substances, effectively increasing the soil's water retention capacity. The front end of the straw conveying seat 301 and the crushing protective cover 102 are rotated by the pin The soil conveying seat 301 is dynamically connected to the connecting angle plate 305 through two elastic vibration reduction units 306, wherein the bottom end of the connecting rod 311 passes through the supporting spring 312 and is connected to the positioning sleeve 313 through a thread, and the connecting rod 311 is connected to the connecting angle plate 305 through the supporting spring 312, so that the connecting rod 311 and the positioning sleeve 313 can maintain the elastic swing of the soil conveying seat 302 relative to the crushing protective cover 102 under the elastic support of the supporting spring 312, thereby improving the vibration reduction effect on the straw conveying seat 301;

[0047] S4: By rotating the adjusting screw 309, the adjusting screw 309 drives the transmission block 308 to move axially through the positioning ball 307, and then the transmission block 308 drives the arc output sleeve 303 to swing relative to the straw conveying seat 301 and adjust the angle, so that the arc output sleeve 303 can control the spraying angle of the straw to meet the straw covering effect under different soil moisture contents. At the same time, the arc blocking cover 310 can block the gap between the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc output sleeve 303 in real time to prevent the straw from leaking from the gap between the straw conveying seat 301 and the arc output sleeve 303;

[0048] S5: In the process of returning straw to the field, fertilizers and seeds are placed through the material box 202, so that when the first transmission shaft 205 and the second transmission shaft 206 rotate, the fertilizers and seeds are respectively moved through multiple seed conveying wheels 210 and fertilizer conveying wheels 209, and then the fertilizers and seeds are synchronously sown through the conveying pipe 212 while the conical furrow opener 211 is furrowing, and the soil and straw can cover the fertilizers and seeds in turn, thereby improving the fertilization effect of the fertilizer and the survival rate of the seeds.

[0049] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the above-described exemplary embodiments, and that the present invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of the present invention. Therefore, in all respects, the embodiments should be regarded as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the above description. Accordingly, all changes that fall within the meaning and scope of the equivalent elements of the claims are intended to be embraced within the present invention. Any reference signs in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims involved.

Claims

1. A straw returning device, comprising a traction crushing mechanism (1) and a synchronous conveying mechanism (3), characterized in that: The traction and pulverization mechanism (1) comprises a pulverization protection cover (102), the inner side of which is rotatably connected to a straw pulverization shaft (105) and a soil rotary tillage shaft (106), the straw pulverization shaft (105) being located in front of the soil rotary tillage shaft (106); a synchronous conveying mechanism (3) is installed at the rear end of the traction and pulverization mechanism (1), the synchronous conveying mechanism (3) comprises a connecting frame (304), a connecting angle plate (305) is fixedly installed on the lower end surface of the connecting frame (304), a soil conveying seat (302) is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the connecting angle plate (305), and the soil conveying seat (302) is fixedly installed on the bottom end of the connecting angle plate (305). A plurality of U-shaped spraying grooves (314) are provided at the rear end, a straw conveying seat (301) is installed between the connecting angle plate (305) and the soil conveying seat (302), a plurality of arc-shaped output sleeves (303) are installed at the rear end of the straw conveying seat (301), an arc-shaped blocking cover (310) is installed between the straw conveying seat (301) and the plurality of arc-shaped output sleeves (303), a plurality of positioning balls (307) are rotatably connected to the rear end of the upper end surface of the straw conveying seat (301), an adjusting screw (309) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the positioning ball (307), and a transmission block (308) is installed at the rear end of the adjusting screw (309).

2. The straw returning device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The traction crushing mechanism (1) also includes a splash arc plate (103) rotatably connected to the upper end of the crushing protection cover (102); a traction frame (101) is fixedly installed at the front end of the crushing protection cover (102); a chain box (104) is fixedly installed at one end of the crushing protection cover (102); a plurality of crushing frames (107) are fixedly installed on the outer side of the straw crushing shaft (105); and a plurality of rotary tillage bars (108) are fixedly installed on the outer side of the soil rotary tillage shaft (106).

3. The straw returning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: An elastic vibration-damping unit (306) is installed on the inner side of both ends of the connecting angle plate (305), and the elastic vibration-damping unit (306) includes a positioning sleeve (313), and a connecting rod (311) is installed on the inner side of the positioning sleeve (313). A supporting spring (312) is provided between the connecting rod (311) and the connecting angle plate (305). The bottom ends of the two positioning sleeves (313) pass through the two ends of the connecting angle plate (305) and are fixedly connected to the straw conveying seat (301). The two positioning sleeves (313) are slidably connected to both ends of the connecting angle plate (305). The bottom end of the connecting rod (311) passes through the supporting spring (312) and is connected to the positioning sleeve (313) by threading. The two ends of the connecting angle plate (305) are connected to the two connecting rods (311) by the supporting spring (312).

4. The straw returning device according to claim 3, characterized in that: A synchronous material broadcasting mechanism (2) is installed on the outer side of the synchronous conveying mechanism (3), and the synchronous material broadcasting mechanism (2) comprises a support mounting frame (203), both ends of the support mounting frame (203) are rotatably connected to support rollers (204), a plurality of conical furrow openers (211) are fixedly installed on the rear end surface of the support mounting frame (203), and two material conveying pipes (212) are installed on the inner side of the bottom end of each conical furrow opener (211), and a material broadcasting mounting frame (201) is fixedly installed on the upper end of the support mounting frame (203), and a material broadcasting mounting frame (201) is fixedly installed on the inner side of the upper end of the material broadcasting mounting frame (201). A material storage box (202) is installed, and a plurality of fertilizer guide boxes (207) are fixedly installed on the inner side of the bottom end of the material sowing installation frame (201), and a fertilizer conveying wheel (209) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the fertilizer guide box (207), and a second transmission shaft (206) is installed between the plurality of fertilizer conveying wheels (209); a sowing guide box (208) is installed on one side of the fertilizer guide box (207), and a seed conveying wheel (210) is rotatably connected to the inner side of the sowing guide box (208), and a first transmission shaft (205) is installed between the plurality of seed conveying wheels (210).

5. The straw returning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sprocket is fixedly provided at one end of the straw crushing shaft (105) and the soil rotary tillage shaft (106); a chain is provided on the inner side of the chain box (104); the straw crushing shaft (105) and the soil rotary tillage shaft (106) are connected to each other through the chain and two sprockets; and the rotation directions of the straw crushing shaft (105) and the soil rotary tillage shaft (106) are both counterclockwise.

6. The straw returning device according to claim 4, characterized in that: A fertilizer bin and a seed bin are respectively arranged on the inner side of the material storage box (202); a plurality of fertilizer guide boxes (207) are connected to the fertilizer bin; the second transmission shaft (206) passes through the plurality of fertilizer guide boxes (207) and is fixedly connected to the fertilizer conveying wheel (209); a plurality of sowing guide boxes (208) are connected to the seed bin; and the first transmission shaft (205) passes through the plurality of sowing guide boxes (208) and is fixedly connected to the seed conveying wheel (210).

7. The straw returning device according to claim 6, characterized in that: The material storage box (202) is fixedly connected to a plurality of fertilizer guide boxes (207) and a plurality of seeding guide boxes (208); the plurality of fertilizer guide boxes (207) and a plurality of seeding guide boxes (208) are linearly arranged along the side of the material storage box (202); the plurality of conical furrow openers (211) are linearly arranged along the side of the support mounting frame (203); and a hose is provided between two adjacent material delivery pipes (212) and the fertilizer guide box (207) and the seeding guide box (208).

8. The straw returning device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The front end of the straw conveying seat (301) is rotatably connected to the crushing protection cover (102) via a pin, the front end of the arc-shaped output sleeve (303) is rotatably connected to the lower part of the rear end of the straw conveying seat (301) via a pin, the front end of the arc-shaped blocking cover (310) is plugged into the inner side of the rear end of the straw conveying seat (301) and is fixedly connected to the straw conveying seat (301), the rear end of the arc-shaped blocking cover (310) is plugged into the inner side of the front end of the arc-shaped output sleeve (303), the rear end of the adjusting screw (309) passes through the positioning ball (307) and is threadedly connected to the transmission block (308), and the transmission block (308) is fixedly connected to the arc-shaped output sleeve (303).

9. The straw returning device according to claim 8, characterized in that: The soil conveying seat (302) is fixedly connected to the seeding mounting frame (201) via a connecting angle plate (305) and a connecting frame (304); a straw conveying channel is provided on the inner side of the straw conveying seat (301) and the arc-shaped output sleeve (303); and a soil conveying channel is provided on the inner side of the soil conveying seat (302).

10. A method for using the straw returning device as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: The following steps are involved: S1: When returning straw in a farmland, the traction frame (101) is fixedly connected to the tractor, so that the crushing protection cover (102) protects the straw crushing shaft (105) and the soil rotary tillage shaft (106). The traction frame (101) can be driven to move in the farmland through the traction operation of the tractor, and the supporting mounting frame (203) is supported by two supporting rollers (204). During the forward movement, the straw crushing shaft (105) and the soil rotary tillage shaft (106) are respectively and simultaneously moved. The plurality of crushing frames (107) and the rotary tillage strips (108) are driven to rotate counterclockwise, and a straw conveying channel is provided on the inner side of the straw conveying seat (301) and the arc-shaped output sleeve (303), so that the straw crushing shaft (105) can crush the straw on the soil surface through the plurality of crushing frames (107) and convey it to the inner side of the straw conveying seat (301), and then the straw conveying seat (301) and the arc-shaped output sleeve (303) can obliquely spray the crushed straw through the straw conveying channel and evenly spray it; S2: A soil conveying channel is provided on the inner side of the soil conveying seat (302), and the soil rotary tillage shaft (106) can perform rotary tillage operation on the soil layer after the straw is removed through a plurality of rotary tillage bars (108) and convey the soil to the inner side of the soil conveying seat (302), and then the soil conveying seat (302) can spray and evenly spray the crushed soil through the soil conveying channel and a plurality of U-shaped spraying grooves (314), and there is a gap between two adjacent soil conveying seats (302), so that the soil conveying seat (302) can maintain horizontal spraying of the soil through the U-shaped spraying grooves (314) and achieve soil covering the surface of the straw; S3: The rear end of the soil conveying seat (302) is located in front of the rear end of the arc-shaped output sleeve (303), so that in the process of returning the straw to the field, the soil can be scraped after the straw is crushed and sprayed horizontally after the straw is sprayed, so that the soil covers the surface of the crushed straw, increases the soil porosity, improves the straw returning effect and the soil softness and air permeability, and at the same time, the straw can quickly absorb water and form a sticky substance, effectively increasing the soil's water retention capacity. The front end of the straw conveying seat (301) is rotatably connected to the crushing protection cover (102) through a pin, and the straw conveying seat ( 301) is connected to the connecting angle plate (305) through two elastic vibration reduction units (306), wherein the bottom end of the connecting rod (311) penetrates the supporting spring (312) and is connected to the positioning sleeve (313) through a thread, and the connecting rod (311) is connected to the connecting angle plate (305) through the supporting spring (312), so that the connecting rod (311) and the positioning sleeve (313) can maintain the elastic swing of the soil conveying seat (302) relative to the crushing protection cover (102) under the elastic support of the supporting spring (312), thereby improving the vibration reduction effect on the straw conveying seat (301); S4: By rotating the adjusting screw (309), the adjusting screw (309) drives the transmission block (308) to move axially through the positioning ball (307), and then the transmission block (308) drives the arc-shaped output sleeve (303) to swing relative to the straw conveying seat (301) and adjust the angle, so that the arc-shaped output sleeve (303) can control the spraying angle of the straw, so as to meet the straw covering effect under different soil moisture contents. At the same time, the arc-shaped blocking cover (310) can block the space between the straw conveying seat (301) and the arc-shaped output sleeve (303) in real time, so as to prevent the straw from leaking from the gap between the straw conveying seat (301) and the arc-shaped output sleeve (303); S5: During the process of returning straw to the field, fertilizers and seeds are placed through the material placement box (202), so that when the first transmission shaft (205) and the second transmission shaft (206) rotate, the fertilizers and seeds are moved through the plurality of seed conveying wheels (210) and the fertilizer conveying wheels (209), respectively, and then the fertilizers and seeds are synchronously sown through the conveying pipe (212) while the conical furrow opener (211) is furrowing, and the soil and straw can cover the fertilizers and seeds in turn, thereby improving the fertilization effect of the fertilizers and the survival rate of the seeds.

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