A soilless cultivation technique for semi-parasitic scions of roses

Abstract

This invention discloses a soilless cultivation method for semi-parasitic auxiliary branches of roses. The method uses the thornless rose variety 'Never Give Up' as rootstock and auxiliary branches, providing nutrients to the scion seedlings through photosynthesis of the auxiliary branches. Key technical points include: (1) selecting semi-lignified flower branch stem segments of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' as rootstock and semi-lignified flower branch stem segments as scions; (2) using bud grafting and tube grafting; (3) using thornless branches growing from the rootstock stump as auxiliary branches to provide photosynthetic nutrients for cut flower production; and (4) mechanized pruning of the auxiliary branches to form a rectangular leaf canopy with higher photosynthetic efficiency. Using the superior rootstock and cultivation method described in this invention, the rootstock-scion compatibility is strong, and the grafting survival rate is as high as 95%. Using thornless branches of the rootstock as auxiliary branches reduces the difficulty of manual operation and management costs. The rectangular leaf canopy reduces the area of ​​leaves with negative net photosynthesis.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of rose grafting technology, specifically relating to a soilless cultivation technique for semi-parasitic auxiliary branches of roses. Background Technology

[0002] The rose (Rosa hybrida) belongs to the genus Rosa in the family Rosaceae. It possesses extremely high ornamental value and cultural significance, and is widely used in cut flowers, potted plants, landscaping, food, and daily chemical products. The rose is a traditional famous flower in my country, with 82 counties and cities nationwide designating it as their city flower. Cut roses are the world's leading cut flower, accounting for more than one-third of all cut flower production and sales, ranking first.

[0003] The main propagation methods for cut roses in production include cutting propagation and grafting propagation. Cutting propagation involves taking semi-lignified branches from the current year, treating the cuttings with rooting hormones, and allowing them to develop roots and buds into new individuals under certain moisture and shade conditions. Cutting propagation ensures that the new seedlings have the same genetic traits as the mother plant, such as flower color and shape. Grafting propagation is widely used to improve varieties or increase survival rates. Compared to cutting propagation, grafted roses grow more rapidly in the early stages, and by utilizing rootstocks with strong resistance and rooting ability, higher quality flower branches can be obtained.

[0004] The following three problems often occur in the production of grafted rose seedlings: (1) poor compatibility between rootstock and scion, resulting in low survival rate; (2) most cut rose varieties on the market have thorns, and using thorny branches as auxiliary branches increases the difficulty of worker management and labor costs; (3) the photosynthetic efficiency of the auxiliary branch canopy is low, and the proportion of canopies with negative net photosynthesis is large, which increases the cost of water, fertilizer and pesticide use. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the above problems, this invention provides an optimized soilless cultivation technique for roses, which uses the 'Never Give Up' rose variety, which has strong compatibility with rootstocks and is thornless with high photosynthetic efficiency, as the rootstock, and uses the branches of the rootstock as auxiliary branches to provide photosynthetic nutrition for cut flower branches, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0006] The present invention mainly includes the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for hydroponically cultivating roses using semi-parasitic scions includes the following steps:

[0008] (1) Rootstock selection: Use the high-quality rose variety 'Never Give Up' with thornless stems and leaves, soft stems and not easy to break as the rootstock material;

[0009] (2) Producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by bud grafting: Cut semi-lignified flowering branches of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' into 10-15cm stem segments, which contain 3 parts: the base is a node with axillary buds removed for rooting, the middle part is 2-3 internodes with axillary buds removed for grafting, and the top is a node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf for producing auxiliary branches; take a single axillary bud and its mother leaf petiole from a semi-lignified flowering branch as a scion; insert the prepared scion into the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, with the scion bud point facing the rootstock leaf on the branch, and fix the scion and rootstock;

[0010] Alternatively, semi-parasitic grafted seedlings can be produced using the tube grafting method: Semi-lignified branches of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' are cut into 10-12cm stem segments, each containing three parts: a basal node with axillary buds removed for rooting, a middle node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf petiole for producing auxiliary branches, and a top internode for tube grafting; Semi-lignified branches of cut flower roses are also cut into 10-12cm stem segments, each containing three parts: a basal internode for grafting with the rootstock, a middle node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf for producing cut flower branches, and a top internode; the scion and rootstock stems are aligned at the oblique cut surfaces and fixed together, with the axillary buds of the scion and rootstock growing in opposite directions.

[0011] (3) Cultivation of permanent auxiliary branches: The new buds sprouting from the rootstock are cultivated into main and auxiliary branches. When the main and auxiliary branches grow to 40-50cm, they are pressed down. Strong and healthy buds are selected from the new buds sprouting from the bending point of the pressed branch and cultivated into secondary auxiliary branches.

[0012] (4) Rectangular canopy construction: The rootstock is pruned by mechanization to support the canopy of branches and leaves. The upper plane of the canopy of branches and leaves is perpendicular to the main stem of the flower branch, and the cross section of the canopy is rectangular.

[0013] (5) Cultivation of cut flower branches: Select robust branches growing from the scion as cut flower mother branches for cultivation, and promptly remove the shoots and weak branches sprouting from the underground stem; further, divide the axillary buds sprouting from the base of the scion flower branch mother stake into 3 grades: buds with a taper ≥ 0.25 are grade A buds, buds with a taper ≤ 0.20 and a taper < 0.25 are grade B buds, and buds with a taper < 0.20 are grade C buds. Select grade A buds and some grade B buds with strong growth potential as flower branches for cultivation, and promptly remove weak branches.

[0014] The semi-parasitic auxiliary branch mentioned in this invention refers to the selection of the thornless rose variety 'Never Give Up' as the rootstock and auxiliary branch, which provides nutrition to the scion seedling through the photosynthesis of the auxiliary branch.

[0015] The present invention has the following advantages and effects:

[0016] (1) The rootstock used in this invention is the 'Never Give Up' variety (breeding code: 10-0233) independently bred by China Agricultural University. It has strong rootstock-scion compatibility and a grafting survival rate of up to 95%.

[0017] (2) The traditional grafting “ABB model” (rootstock root + scion leaf + scion flower) is improved into the “AAB” model (rootstock root + rootstock leaf + scion flower), and the thornless branches of the rootstock are retained as auxiliary branches, which reduces the difficulty of manual operation and reduces the manual management cost of auxiliary branches by 2 / 3.

[0018] (3) The present invention improves the traditional drooping triangular leaf canopy type into a rectangular leaf canopy, which reduces the area of ​​leaves with negative net photosynthesis, reduces the cost of leaf canopy pesticide control, and reduces pesticide usage by 30%.

[0019] (4) Mechanical methods were used to maintain and trim the leaf canopy, which improved work efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0020] Figure 1 Images of flowers, branches, and leaves of the superior rootstock variety 'Never Give Up'.

[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of two grafting methods.

[0022] Figure 3 This is a comparison between rectangular leaf canopies and traditional triangular leaf canopies. Rectangular leaf canopies: The cross-section is rectangular, 30-35cm from the ground, the upper surface of the leaf canopy is level with the cultivation trough and forms a 90-degree angle with it, and the upper end of the leaf canopy is 10-15cm from the cut flower mother branch. Drooping triangular leaf canopies: The cross-section is triangular, 0-5cm from the ground, the upper end of the leaf canopy is lower than the plane of the cultivation trough and forms a 30-40 degree angle with it, and the upper end of the leaf canopy is 20-25cm from the cut flower mother branch.

[0023] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram illustrating three types of bud morphology based on taper in the management of cut flower branches. Detailed Implementation

[0024] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments:

[0025] Example 1

[0026] A method for cultivating roses using semi-parasitic auxiliary branches mainly includes the following steps:

[0027] (1) Rootstock selection: Select vigorous flowering branches from the 'Never Give Up' plant that are free from pests and diseases as rootstock material. The branches should have complete buds. Prune off the tender parts at the top of the flowering branches and retain the semi-lignified middle branches to ensure that the rootstock can quickly take root and survive after grafting and cutting.

[0028] (2) Scion selection: Select vigorous flowering branches of cut rose varieties such as 'Naomi', 'Perfume Beauty', 'Highland Red', and 'Ode to Joy' as scion materials. The branches should have complete buds and be semi-lignified to fully lignified to ensure that the scions have a good survival rate and healing ability after grafting.

[0029] (3) Producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by bud grafting. Preparation of rootstock: Cut semi-lignified flower branches of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' into 10-15cm stem segments, which contain 3 parts: the base is a node with axillary buds removed for rooting; the middle part is 2-3 internodes with axillary buds removed for grafting; and the top is a node containing axillary buds and its mother leaves for producing auxiliary branches. Preparation of scions: Take individual axillary buds and their mother leaf petioles (remove leaves, retain petioles) from semi-lignified flowering branches of 'Naomi', 'Perfume Beauty', 'Highland Red', and 'Ode to Joy', respectively, as scions. During grafting, match the cut of the scion to the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, ensuring that the scion bud and the rootstock leaf are positioned approximately 180 degrees apart on the branch. Insert the prepared scion into the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, and then secure the branch from bottom to top with transparent polyethylene film tape (see...). Figure 2 A).

[0030] (4) Producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings using the tube grafting method. Preparation of rootstock: Cut semi-lignified flower branches of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' into 10cm stem segments, comprising three parts: the basal segment (with axillary buds removed) for rooting; the middle segment (containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf petiole) for producing auxiliary branches; and the top segment (an internode) for tube grafting. Preparation of scions: Cut semi-lignified flower branches of 'Naomi', 'Perfume Beauty', 'Highland Red', and 'Ode to Joy' into 10cm stem segments, comprising three parts: the basal segment (an internode) for grafting with the rootstock; the middle segment (containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf) for producing cut flower branches; and the top segment (an internode). During grafting, the oblique cut surfaces of the scion and rootstock stems are closely aligned, and the axillary buds of the scion and rootstock are required to grow in opposite directions, approximately 180 degrees. Then, a semi-transparent, rigid polyethylene sleeve is used to protectively fix the scion and rootstock (see...). Figure 2 B).

[0031] (5) Seedling Management: Dip grafted cuttings in an appropriate amount of rooting powder and insert them into seedling trays filled with soilless substrate (containing coconut coir, perlite, and expanded clay pebbles). After the seedlings have rooted and survived, transplant them into soilless cultivation substrate troughs for permanent planting, with a row spacing of 10cm and a plant spacing of 15-20cm. When the new buds on the plants reach 20cm, pinch off the tops, and continue to pinch off the tops when the subsequent buds reach 15cm to shorten the internodes and promote the germination of new buds; select the thicker branches growing from the main stem as cut flower mother branches for cultivation, and promptly remove suckers and weak branches.

[0032] (6) Cultivation of permanent auxiliary branches: Retain two sprouting buds from the rootstock and cultivate robust and healthy main and auxiliary branches. After the buds sprout, when the branches grow upright to 40-50cm and the base of the branches is not easily broken when bent, perform branch layering. When layering, first bend the branch so that it is perpendicular to the flowering branch, and maintain the bend until the callus wound at the bend heals, so that the branches around the bend thicken and take shape; then, select a robust and healthy bud from the new buds that sprout from the bend and continue to cultivate it to form a secondary auxiliary branch.

[0033] (7) Construction and maintenance of the leaf canopy: The auxiliary branch and leaf canopy is maintained at 40cm long, 30cm wide and 40cm high through mechanized and convenient pruning. The upper plane of the auxiliary branch and leaf canopy is level with the height of the cultivation trough and the angle between the two is 90 degrees. The cross-section of the leaf canopy is rectangular (see Figure 3 The types and components of pesticides used on auxiliary branches are the same as those used on cut flower branches. The pesticides should be applied according to the types of common pests in the greenhouse, mainly gray mold, downy mildew, powdery mildew, spider mites, thrips, etc. When applying pesticides, the leaves on the surface and inside of the auxiliary branches should be fully in contact with the pesticide.

[0034] 8) Cultivation and maintenance methods for long-lived cut flower mother branches: Select robust branches growing from the scion as cut flower mother branches for cultivation, and promptly remove "shoots" and weak branches sprouting from the underground stem;

[0035] (9) Cut flower branch production management method based on bud morphology: Axillary buds sprouting from the base of the mother branch are divided into 3 grades: Grade A buds: taper ≥ 0.25, Grade B buds: 0.20 ≤ taper < 0.25, Grade C buds: taper < 0.20 (see...) Figure 4 Select A-grade buds and some strong B-grade buds as flowering branches for cultivation, and promptly remove weak branches (some weak B-grade buds and all C-grade buds).

Claims

1. A method for hydroponically cultivating roses using semi-parasitic auxiliary branches, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Rootstock selection: Select the thornless rose variety 'Never Give Up' as the rootstock; (2) Producing semi-parasitic grafted seedlings by bud grafting: Cut the semi-lignified flowering branches of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' into 10-15 cm stem segments, which contain 3 parts: the base is a node with axillary buds removed for rooting, the middle part is 2-3 internodes with axillary buds removed for grafting, and the top is a node containing axillary buds and its mother leaves for producing auxiliary branches; take a single axillary bud and its mother leaf petiole from the semi-lignified flowering branches of the rose as the scion; insert the prepared scion into the shield-shaped cut of the rootstock, with the bud point of the scion facing the direction of the rootstock leaves on the branch, and fix the scion and rootstock; Alternatively, semi-parasitic grafted seedlings can be produced using the tube grafting method: Semi-lignified branches of the rose variety 'Never Give Up' are cut into 10-12 cm stem segments, each containing three parts: a basal node with axillary buds removed for rooting, a middle node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf petiole for producing auxiliary branches, and a top internode for tube grafting; Semi-lignified branches of cut flower roses are also cut into 10-12 cm stem segments, each containing three parts: a basal internode for grafting with the rootstock, a middle node containing an axillary bud and its mother leaf for producing cut flower branches, and a top internode; the scion and rootstock stems are aligned at the oblique cut surfaces and fixed together, with the axillary buds of the scion and rootstock growing in opposite directions; (3) Cultivation of permanent auxiliary branches: The new buds sprouting from the rootstock are cultivated into main and auxiliary branches. When the main and auxiliary branches grow to 40-50 cm, they are pressed down. Strong and healthy buds are selected from the new buds sprouting from the bending point of the pressed branch and cultivated into secondary auxiliary branches. (4) Rectangular canopy construction: The rootstock is pruned by mechanization to form a canopy of auxiliary branches and leaves. The upper plane of the canopy of auxiliary branches and leaves is perpendicular to the main stem of the flower branch, and the cross section of the canopy is rectangular.

2. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, Select robust branches growing from the scion as mother branches for cut flower cultivation, and promptly remove any shoots and weak branches sprouting from the underground stem.

3. The cultivation method according to claim 1, characterized in that, The axillary buds sprouting from the base of the mother scion are divided into three grades: grade A buds with a taper ≥ 0.25, grade B buds with a taper ≤ 0.20 and < 0.25, and grade C buds with a taper < 0.

20. Grade A buds and some vigorous grade B buds are selected as flower branches for cultivation, and weak branches are removed in a timely manner.

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