Method for promoting rapid decomposition of dry land corn straw by using microbial agent

Abstract

The invention provides a method for promoting quick decomposition of dry land corn straws by using a microbial agent, which comprises the following steps: step 1, selecting a planting region with sufficient sunlight and good climate for wheat planting, step 2, selecting seeds suitable for the region to ensure that the wheat can adapt to the local environment, and step 3, selecting the seeds suitable for the region. Step 3, straw crushing: after autumn corn is mature, a novel corn ear harvesting harvester capable of directly crushing and returning corn straw to the field is selected for harvesting operation, the straw is directly harvested and crushed while corn ears are harvested, the crushing length of the corn straw is about 3 cm, the crushed straw is directly and uniformly laid on the surface of the farmland, and the straw is directly and uniformly spread on the surface of the farmland; 4, a decomposition agent is applied, specifically, after cutting and smashing are completed, a microbial agent is sprayed to the corn straw fragments covering the surface of farmland soil, the microbial agent is a fine jade micro organic material decomposition agent, and the effective viable count is larger than or equal to 8.0 billion / g, and 5, field piece ploughing is conducted, specifically, a rotary cultivator is used for conducting rotary tillage treatment on the straw returning field pieces twice.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the field of agricultural planting, and in particular relates to a method for promoting rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks by utilizing microbial agents. Background Art

[0002] Returning straw to the field is a method of applying straw (wheat straw, corn straw and rice straw) to the soil directly or after it has been piled up and composted. It is a measure to improve soil fertility and increase production that is widely valued in the world today. It not only avoids the air pollution caused by straw burning, but also has the effect of increasing fertilizer and yield.

[0003] Straw is mainly composed of lignin, cellulose, hemicellulose and other difficult-to-degrade substances. In the natural state, the degradation rate of straw is slow. At present, it is generally believed that the application of straw composting agents is conducive to the reproduction of beneficial microorganisms and accelerates the composting of organic wastes such as straw. However, there are fewer types of composting agents for returning straw to the field, and the strains have poor adaptability and stability, resulting in poor decomposition effect on the returned straw. In addition, due to the short time interval between wheat and corn rotation in the northwest region, the previous season's crops often have no time to decompose and accumulate and remain in the soil for a long time, thus affecting the sowing and tillage of the next season's crops. If wheat is sown when the corn straw is not completely decomposed, not only will the wheat seeds be unable to combine with the soil, but the straw in the soil will compete with the crops for nutrients, resulting in difficulty in germination of wheat seeds, reduced emergence rate and reduced yield. Therefore, it is of great significance to select and breed efficient straw-degrading bacteria adapted to the northwest region and develop efficient decomposing wheat-corn straw composite bacterial agents with both decomposition and growth-promoting functions for returning straw to the field in wheat-corn rotation areas.

[0004] After searching the Chinese patent with the authorization announcement number CN116376744B, a stalk-decomposing agent and a method for burying corn stalks and promoting decomposition are disclosed. The method is as follows: the process of making straw organic fertilizer includes piling the fluffed corn stalks into a container and after the pile is piled to a height of 1 meter, laying the first layer of micro-spraying tape, and then watering the pile until the weight ratio of water to straw is 1:2, and then evenly spreading the stalk-decomposing agent and urea on the surface of the pile and spraying a small amount of water, wherein the stalk-decomposing agent and urea sprinkled on the surface of the pile are 1 / 2 of the total amount. 3. The amount of stalk decomposition agent and urea is added at a ratio of 2 kg and 10 kg per ton of straw; continue to pile the straw to 2 meters, lay the second layer of micro-spraying belt, and water the pile until the weight ratio of water to dry straw is 3:5. The total duration of the second water spraying is 72 hours. Then, sprinkle the remaining 2 / 3 of the stalk decomposition agent and urea evenly on the surface of the straw in the pile, and continue to spray water for 6 hours. During the fermentation period, the temperature is controlled at 50-63°C. When the fermentation is about 20 days, black plastic film is used for fermentation for 15 days. This experiment makes full use of the straw decomposition agent, accelerates the decomposition of straw, removes the unfavorable factors of plant growth, and can promote plant growth well.

[0005] However, in the process of implementing the present invention, the inventors found that the following problems in the prior art have not been solved: The traditional method has a complicated process, relies on a precise preparation process, and has a high cost; the coverage rate is insufficient, and the duration is not considered, so it is impossible to ensure the continuous survival time of the microbial agent; the cost is relatively high, the preparation process is cumbersome, there is energy waste, and it cannot be widely promoted on a large scale. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field, which can effectively avoid energy waste, reduce operation costs, improve operation efficiency, has simple operation steps, good straw returning effect, and plays a role in promoting agricultural water conservation, cost reduction, yield increase, quality improvement, and efficiency increase, and plays a positive role in environmental protection and agricultural sustainable development. Moreover, it scientifically and effectively increases the organic matter content of farmland soil; improves the soil structure, makes the soil loose, and increases the porosity; increases the soil microbial activity, and promotes the growth and development of crop roots. Compared with the existing conventional technologies, this method avoids the problems of difficult sowing, uneven emergence, hindered irrigation, and serious pests and diseases caused by conventional straw returning to the field, directly returns the decomposed straw effectively to the soil, reduces the direct occurrence or overwintering of pests and diseases in the coming year; strengthens the decay and mineralization of straw, improves the emergence rate, promotes the growth of seedlings, and avoids the risk of yield reduction; this method avoids the phenomenon of competing for fertilizers between the growth and reproduction process of microorganisms and crops; improves the decomposition speed and quality of buried straw; timely neutralizes the organic acids generated by the decomposition of fresh straw, avoiding the poisoning of crop roots and the hindrance of straw decomposition; the buried straw returning in this method avoids the inconvenience brought to irrigation by covering straw returning.

[0007] Different from the prior art, this method is simple, the process is reasonable, effectively avoids energy waste, reduces operation costs, and reduces the influence of interference factors on the experiment. And considering the relationship between fertilizers and straw decomposition, topdressing is carried out at the critical growth stage of crops. On the one hand, it provides nutrients for crop growth, and on the other hand, it creates an environment for straw decomposition. It does not require precise equipment for preparation and is suitable for large-scale promotion in large fields.

[0008] To achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A method for promoting the rapid decomposition of dryland corn straw by using a microbial agent, the method comprising the following steps:

[0009] Step 1: Select a planting area with sufficient sunlight, suitable soil, and good climate for wheat planting;

[0010] Step 2: Select seeds suitable for this region to ensure that wheat can adapt to the local environment;

[0011] Step 3. Crushing the straw: After the autumn corn is mature, a new type of corn ear harvester that can directly crush the corn straw and return it to the field is selected for harvesting. While harvesting the corn ears, the straw is directly harvested and crushed. The crushed length of the corn straw is about 3 cm, and the crushed straw is directly and evenly spread on the surface of the farmland.

[0012] Step 4. Applying the decomposing agent: After the cutting and crushing are completed, a microbial inoculant is sprayed on the corn straw fragments covering the surface of the farmland soil. The microbial inoculant "Qiwei Organic Material Decomposer" is selected, and the effective viable count is ≥ 800 million / g.

[0013] Step 5. Plowing the field: Use a rotary tiller to conduct two passes of rotary tillage on the straw return field, so that the straw, chemical fertilizer, straw decomposer, and organic fertilizer are fully mixed with the soil layer. Among them, the rotary tillage depth is maintained at 15 - 20 cm, and the root stubble crushing rate is over 90%, ensuring that the soil in the planting field is broken, flat, loose on the top and solid on the bottom, and the field water holding capacity is between 60% and 80%.

[0014] Step 6. Sowing wheat and field management: 3 - 5 days after adjusting the soil moisture, sow manually by opening furrows. The sowing depth is controlled at 2.5 cm - 4.5 cm, and furrows are opened alternately. Keep the field water holding capacity between 75% and 85%. When the water is insufficient, water alternately between rows. When there is waterlogging in the field, drain it in time. Between 75% and 80%, when the water is insufficient, water alternately between rows. When there is waterlogging in the field, drain it in time. Topdress with fertilizer and water during the jointing stage of wheat to ensure the nutrients required for wheat growth.

[0015] Step 7. Determining the decomposition rate: The nylon mesh bag method is used to track and detect the straw decomposition. The nylon mesh bag method is used to study the decomposition law of corn straw. The mesh bag specification is: 15 cm × 15 cm, cut from 300 - mesh nylon mesh. Take 10 g of the prepared dried corn straw and put it into the nylon mesh bag. Seal the nylon bag and bury it flat in the inter - row of the field plot, with a burial depth of 15 cm, and repeat 3 times. Samples are taken during the over - wintering period, jointing stage, flowering stage, maturity stage, and additionally at the corn maturity stage, for a total of 5 samplings to determine the straw decomposition rate.

[0016] Step 8. Harvesting: At the wheat maturity stage, square sample plots, that is, 1 m * 1 m, are demarcated in each plot, and all the wheat ears in the sample plots are harvested. Subsequently, the number of ears, grains per ear, 1000 - grain weight, and yield are measured.

[0017] Step 9. Index determination: The samples at the maturity stage are retrieved, dried, crushed, and digested to determine the organic matter and total nitrogen indexes in the plants.

[0018] Preferably, in Step 3, the straw is corn straw.

[0019] Preferably, in Step 4, the microbial inoculant includes beneficial bacillus, trichoderma, and yeast.

[0020] Preferably, in step 4, in the microbial inoculum, the effective dosage of viable bacteria is 30-60 kg / ha.

[0021] Preferably, in step 5, the fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the effective dosage of the fertilizer is 50-225 kg / ha.

[0022] Preferably, in step 5, the depth of the burying treatment is 10-25 cm underground.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:

[0024] 1. The present invention can effectively avoid energy waste, reduce operation costs, improve operation efficiency, has simple operation steps, good field return effects, and plays a role in promoting agricultural water conservation, cost reduction, yield increase, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement, and plays an active role in environmental protection and agricultural sustainable development. Moreover, it scientifically and effectively increases the organic matter content of farmland soil; improves the soil structure, makes the soil loose, and increases the porosity; increases the soil microbial activity, and promotes the growth and development of crop roots.

[0025] 2. Compared with the existing conventional technologies, this method avoids the problems of difficult seeding, uneven emergence, hindered irrigation, and serious pests and diseases caused by conventional straw field return, directly and effectively returns the decomposed straw to the soil, reduces the direct occurrence or overwintering occurrence of pests and diseases in the coming year; strengthens the decay and mineralization of straw, improves the emergence rate, promotes the growth of seedlings, and avoids the risk of yield reduction; this method avoids the phenomenon of competition for fertilizers between the growth and reproduction process of microorganisms and crops; improves the decay speed and quality of buried straw; timely neutralizes the organic acids generated by the decay of fresh straw, avoiding the poisoning of crop roots and the hindrance of straw decay; the burying field return in this method avoids the inconvenience to irrigation brought by covering field return.

[0026] 3. Different from the prior art, this method is simple, the process is reasonable, effectively avoids energy waste, reduces operation costs, and reduces the influence of interference factors on the experiment. And considering the relationship between fertilizer and straw decay, topdressing is carried out at the critical growth stage of crops, which on the one hand provides nutrients for crop growth, and on the other hand creates an environment for straw decay. It does not require precise equipment for preparation and is suitable for large-scale promotion in large fields. Detailed implementation manners

[0027] The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] A method for promoting the rapid decomposition of dryland corn straw using microbial inoculants, characterized in that the method comprises the following steps:

[0029] Step 1: Select a planting area with sufficient sunlight, suitable soil, and good climate for wheat planting;

[0030] Step 2: Select seeds suitable for this region to ensure that wheat can adapt to the local environment;

[0031] Step 3: Straw crushing: After the autumn corn matures, use a new type of corn ear harvester that can directly crush and return the corn straw to the field for harvesting operations. While harvesting the corn ears, directly harvest and crush the straw. The crushed length of the corn straw is about 3 cm, and the crushed straw is directly and evenly spread on the surface of the farmland;

[0032] Step 4: Application of decomposing agent: After the cutting and crushing are completed, spray microbial inoculants on the corn straw fragments covering the surface of the farmland soil. The microbial inoculant "Qiwei Organic Material Decomposer" is selected, and the effective viable bacteria count is ≥ 800 million / g;

[0033] Step 5: Field ploughing: Use a rotary tiller to perform two passes of rotary tillage on the straw returning field to fully mix the straw, chemical fertilizer, straw decomposer, and organic fertilizer with the soil layer. Among them, the rotary tillage depth is maintained at 15 - 20 cm, and the root stubble crushing rate is over 90%, ensuring a state where the soil in the planting field is broken, flat, loose on the top and solid on the bottom, and the field water holding capacity is between 60% - 80%;

[0034] Step 6: Wheat sowing and field management: 3 - 5 days after adjusting the entropy, sow by manual furrowing. The sowing depth is controlled at 2.5 cm - 4.5 cm, furrow in alternate rows, and keep the field water holding capacity between 75% - 85%. When the water is insufficient, water in alternate rows. Drain the water in time when there is waterlogging in the field. Between 75% - 80%, water in alternate rows when the water is insufficient, and drain the water in time when there is waterlogging in the field. Topdress with fertilizer and water during the jointing stage of wheat to ensure the nutrients required for wheat growth;

[0035] Step 7: Determination of decomposition rate: The nylon mesh bag method is used for the tracking detection of straw decomposition. The nylon mesh bag method is used to study the decomposition law of corn straw. The mesh bag specifications are: 15 cm × 15 cm, cut from 300 - mesh nylon mesh; Take 10 g of the prepared dried corn straw and put it into the nylon mesh bag, seal the nylon bag and bury it flat in the inter - row of the field plot, with a burial depth of 15 cm, repeat 3 times; Sampling is carried out during the over - wintering period, jointing stage, flowering stage, maturity stage, and in addition, sampling is carried out at the corn maturity stage, for a total of 5 samplings, and the straw decomposition rate is measured;

[0036] Step 8: Harvesting: At the wheat maturity stage, take a square sample plot in each plot, that is, 1 m * 1 m, collect all the wheat ears in the sample plot, and then measure the number of ears, grains per ear, 1000 - grain weight, and yield;

[0037] Step 9, Index determination: Samples at the mature stage are retrieved, dried, crushed, and digested, and the organic matter and total nitrogen indexes in the plants are measured.

[0038] In this embodiment, in Step 3, the straw is corn straw.

[0039] In this embodiment, in Step 4, the microbial inoculum includes beneficial bacillus, trichoderma, and yeast.

[0040] In this embodiment, in Step 4, the effective dosage of viable bacteria in the microbial inoculum is 30 - 60 kg / ha.

[0041] In this embodiment, in Step 5, the fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the effective dosage of the fertilizer is 50 - 225 kg / ha.

[0042] In this embodiment, in Step 5, the depth of the ploughing and burying treatment is 10 - 25 cm underground.

[0043] Through experiments, the feasibility of the present invention is proved. The specific data of the four groups of experiments are as shown in the above steps and the following table:

[0044]

[0045] Group T1 is the control group without treatment with the decomposer, and Group T2 is treated with the decomposer, which is the content of the implementation example of this experiment.

[0046] The yield data of the two groups of experimental data are as follows in the table:

[0047]

[0048] In summary: The method for promoting the decomposition of straw returned to the field provided by the present invention can effectively avoid energy waste, reduce operation costs, improve operation efficiency, has simple operation steps, good field-returning effect, and plays a role in promoting agricultural water conservation, cost reduction, yield increase, quality improvement, and efficiency enhancement, and plays a positive role in environmental protection and agricultural sustainable development. Moreover, it scientifically and effectively improves the content of organic matter in farmland soil; improves the soil structure, makes the soil loose, and increases the porosity; increases the activity of soil microorganisms and promotes the growth and development of crop roots. Compared with the existing conventional technologies, this method avoids the problems of difficult seeding, uneven emergence, hindered irrigation, and heavy pests and diseases caused by conventional straw returning to the field, directly returns the decomposed straw effectively to the soil, reduces the direct occurrence or overwintering occurrence of pests and diseases in the coming year; strengthens the decay and mineralization of straw, improves the emergence rate, promotes the growth of seedlings, and avoids the risk of yield reduction; this method avoids the phenomenon of competing for fertilizers between the growth and reproduction process of microorganisms and crops; improves the decomposition speed and quality of buried straw; timely neutralizes the organic acids generated by the decomposition of fresh straw, avoids the poisoning of crop roots and the occurrence of hindering straw decomposition; the ploughing and burying returning to the field in this method avoids the inconvenience to irrigation brought by covering and returning to the field.

[0049] Different from the prior art, this method is simple, the process is reasonable, effectively avoiding energy waste, reducing the operation cost, and reducing the influence of interference factors on the experiment. Moreover, considering the relationship between fertilizer and straw decomposition, topdressing is carried out during the critical period of crop growth, which on the one hand provides nutrition for crop growth and on the other hand creates an environment for straw decomposition. It does not require precise equipment for preparation and is suitable for large-area popularization in the fields.

[0050] It should be noted that in this text, relational terms such as first and second are only used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply any actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the term "comprising", "including" or any other variant thereof is intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device comprising a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not expressly listed, or further includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device.

[0051] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, for those of ordinary skill in the art, it can be understood that various changes, modifications, substitutions and variations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A method for promoting rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks using microbial agents, characterized in that: The method comprises the following steps: Step 1: Select a planting area with sufficient sunshine, suitable soil and good climate for wheat planting; Step 2: Select seeds suitable for the region to ensure that the wheat can adapt to the local environment; Step 3, crushing the corn stalks: After the corn matures in autumn, a new type of corn ear harvester that can directly crush the corn stalks and return them to the field is used for harvesting operations. The corn stalks are directly harvested and crushed while collecting the corn ears. The crushed length of the corn stalks is about 3 cm, and the crushed stalks are directly and evenly spread on the surface of the farmland; Step 4, application of decomposing agent: after cutting and crushing, spray the corn stalk fragments covering the surface of farmland soil with microbial agent, the microbial agent selected is "Qiwei organic material decomposing agent", the effective live bacteria count is ≥ 800 million / g; Step 5, field tillage: Use a rotary tiller to perform two rounds of rotary tillage on the straw return plot to fully mix the straw, fertilizer, stalk compost and organic fertilizer with the soil layer. The rotary tillage depth is maintained at 15 to 20 cm, and the root stubble crushing rate is more than 90%, ensuring that the planting field soil is flat, the upper part is hollow and the lower part is solid, and the field water holding capacity is between 60% and 80%; Step 6, wheat sowing and field management: 3-5 days after entropy adjustment, artificial furrow sowing, sowing depth controlled at 2.5cm-4.5cm, alternate row furrowing, keep field water holding capacity between 75% and 85%, water alternate rows when water is insufficient, drain water in time if there is water accumulation in the field, between 75% and 80%, water alternate rows when water is insufficient, drain water in time if there is water accumulation in the field, apply topdressing and watering during the jointing stage of wheat to ensure the nutrition required for wheat growth; Step 7, decomposition rate determination: the nylon mesh bag method was used to track the decomposition of the corn stalks, and the nylon mesh bag method was used to study the decomposition law of the corn stalks. The mesh bag specifications were: 15cm×15cm, and it was cut with a 300-mesh nylon mesh; 10g of the spare dried corn stalks were put into the nylon mesh bag, the nylon bag was sealed and buried flat between the rows of the plots in the field, with a burial depth of 15cm, and repeated 3 times; sampling was performed in the wintering period, jointing period, flowering period, maturity period and corn maturity period, and a total of 5 samplings were performed to determine the decomposition rate of the corn stalks; Step 8, harvesting: During the wheat maturity period, square plots of 1m*1m are collected in each plot, and all wheat ears in the plots are collected. The number of ears, number of grains per ear, thousand-grain weight, and yield are then measured; Step 9, index determination: retrieve samples at maturity, dry and crush them for digestion, and determine the organic matter and total nitrogen indexes in the plants.

2. The method of using microbial agents to promote rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 3, the straw is corn straw.

3. The method of using microbial agents to promote rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the microbial agent includes Bacillus, Trichoderma and yeast.

4. The method of using microbial agents to promote rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 4, the effective dosage of live bacteria in the microbial agent is 30-60 kg / ha.

5. The method of using microbial agents to promote rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the fertilizer includes organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer, and the effective amount of the fertilizer is 50-225 kg / ha.

6. The method of using microbial agents to promote rapid decomposition of dryland corn stalks according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step 5, the depth of the burial treatment is 10 to 25 cm underground.

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